Some Observations on Tonsils
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Te2, Part Iii
TERMINOLOGIA EMBRYOLOGICA Second Edition International Embryological Terminology FIPAT The Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology A programme of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) TE2, PART III Contents Caput V: Organogenesis Chapter 5: Organogenesis (continued) Systema respiratorium Respiratory system Systema urinarium Urinary system Systemata genitalia Genital systems Coeloma Coelom Glandulae endocrinae Endocrine glands Systema cardiovasculare Cardiovascular system Systema lymphoideum Lymphoid system Bibliographic Reference Citation: FIPAT. Terminologia Embryologica. 2nd ed. FIPAT.library.dal.ca. Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology, February 2017 Published pending approval by the General Assembly at the next Congress of IFAA (2019) Creative Commons License: The publication of Terminologia Embryologica is under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) license The individual terms in this terminology are within the public domain. Statements about terms being part of this international standard terminology should use the above bibliographic reference to cite this terminology. The unaltered PDF files of this terminology may be freely copied and distributed by users. IFAA member societies are authorized to publish translations of this terminology. Authors of other works that might be considered derivative should write to the Chair of FIPAT for permission to publish a derivative work. Caput V: ORGANOGENESIS Chapter 5: ORGANOGENESIS -
The Surgical Plane for Lingual Tonsillectomy: an Anatomic Study Eugene L
Son et al. Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (2016) 45:22 DOI 10.1186/s40463-016-0137-3 ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access The surgical plane for lingual tonsillectomy: an anatomic study Eugene L. Son1*, Michael P. Underbrink1, Suimin Qiu2 and Vicente A. Resto1 Abstract Background: The presence of a plane between the lingual tonsils and the underlying soft tissue has not been confirmed. The objective of this study is to ascertain the presence and the characteristics about this plane for surgical use. Methods: Five cadaver heads were obtained for dissection of the lingual tonsils. Six permanent sections of previous tongue base biopsies were reviewed. Robot assisted lingual tonsillectomy was performed using the dissection technique from the cadaver dissection. Results: In each of the 5 cadavers, an avascular plane was revealed deep to the lingual tonsils. Microscopic review of the tongue base biopsies revealed a clear demarcation between the lingual tonsils and the underlying minor salivary glands and muscle tissue. This area was relatively avascular. Using the technique described above, a lingual tonsillectomy using TORS was performed with similar findings from the cadaver dissections. Conclusions: A surgical plane for lingual tonsillectomy exists and may prove to have a role with lingual tonsillectomy with TORS. Keywords: Lingual tonsil, Surgical plane, Transoral robotic surgery, Lingual tonsillectomy Background There has been an increase in the incidence of human The base of tongue had once been a difficult area for papilloma virus (HPV) related oropharyngeal squamous surgery to perform on because of problems with expos- cell carcinoma [3]. A large of number of SCCUP with ure. -
Head and Neck
DEFINITION OF ANATOMIC SITES WITHIN THE HEAD AND NECK adapted from the Summary Staging Guide 1977 published by the SEER Program, and the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual Fifth Edition published by the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging. Note: Not all sites in the lip, oral cavity, pharynx and salivary glands are listed below. All sites to which a Summary Stage scheme applies are listed at the begining of the scheme. ORAL CAVITY AND ORAL PHARYNX (in ICD-O-3 sequence) The oral cavity extends from the skin-vermilion junction of the lips to the junction of the hard and soft palate above and to the line of circumvallate papillae below. The oral pharynx (oropharynx) is that portion of the continuity of the pharynx extending from the plane of the inferior surface of the soft palate to the plane of the superior surface of the hyoid bone (or floor of the vallecula) and includes the base of tongue, inferior surface of the soft palate and the uvula, the anterior and posterior tonsillar pillars, the glossotonsillar sulci, the pharyngeal tonsils, and the lateral and posterior walls. The oral cavity and oral pharynx are divided into the following specific areas: LIPS (C00._; vermilion surface, mucosal lip, labial mucosa) upper and lower, form the upper and lower anterior wall of the oral cavity. They consist of an exposed surface of modified epider- mis beginning at the junction of the vermilion border with the skin and including only the vermilion surface or that portion of the lip that comes into contact with the opposing lip. -
Human Anatomy As Related to Tumor Formation Book Four
SEER Program Self Instructional Manual for Cancer Registrars Human Anatomy as Related to Tumor Formation Book Four Second Edition U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service National Institutesof Health SEER PROGRAM SELF-INSTRUCTIONAL MANUAL FOR CANCER REGISTRARS Book 4 - Human Anatomy as Related to Tumor Formation Second Edition Prepared by: SEER Program Cancer Statistics Branch National Cancer Institute Editor in Chief: Evelyn M. Shambaugh, M.A., CTR Cancer Statistics Branch National Cancer Institute Assisted by Self-Instructional Manual Committee: Dr. Robert F. Ryan, Emeritus Professor of Surgery Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans, Louisiana Mildred A. Weiss Los Angeles, California Mary A. Kruse Bethesda, Maryland Jean Cicero, ART, CTR Health Data Systems Professional Services Riverdale, Maryland Pat Kenny Medical Illustrator for Division of Research Services National Institutes of Health CONTENTS BOOK 4: HUMAN ANATOMY AS RELATED TO TUMOR FORMATION Page Section A--Objectives and Content of Book 4 ............................... 1 Section B--Terms Used to Indicate Body Location and Position .................. 5 Section C--The Integumentary System ..................................... 19 Section D--The Lymphatic System ....................................... 51 Section E--The Cardiovascular System ..................................... 97 Section F--The Respiratory System ....................................... 129 Section G--The Digestive System ......................................... 163 Section -
Oral Cavity Histology Histology > Digestive System > Digestive System
Oral Cavity Histology Histology > Digestive System > Digestive System Oral Cavity LINGUAL PAPILLAE OF THE TONGUE Lingual papillae cover 2/3rds of its anterior surface; lingual tonsils cover its posterior surface. There are three types of lingual papillae: - Filiform, fungiform, and circumvallate; a 4th type, called foliate papillae, are rudimentary in humans. - Surface comprises stratified squamous epithelia - Core comprises lamina propria (connective tissue and vasculature) - Skeletal muscle lies deep to submucosa; skeletal muscle fibers run in multiple directions, allowing the tongue to move freely. - Taste buds lie within furrows or clefts between papillae; each taste bud comprises precursor, immature, and mature taste receptor cells and opens to the furrow via a taste pore. Distinguishing Features: Filiform papillae • Most numerous papillae • Their role is to provide a rough surface that aids in chewing via their keratinized, stratified squamous epithelia, which forms characteristic spikes. • They do not have taste buds. Fungiform papillae • "Fungi" refers to its rounded, mushroom-like surface, which is covered by stratified squamous epithelium. Circumvallate papillae • Are also rounded, but much larger and more bulbous. • On either side of the circumvallate papillae are wide clefts, aka, furrows or trenches; though not visible in our sample, serous Ebner's glands open into these spaces. DENTITION Comprise layers of calcified tissues surrounding a cavity that houses neurovascular structures. Key Features Regions 1 / 3 • The crown, which lies above the gums • The neck, the constricted area • The root, which lies within the alveoli (aka, sockets) of the jaw bones. • Pulp cavity lies in the center of the tooth, and extends into the root as the root canal. -
18612-Oropharynx Dr. Teresa Nunes.Pdf
European Course in Head and Neck Neuroradiology Disclosures 1st Cycle – Module 2 25th to 27th March 2021 No conflict of interest regarding this presentation. Oropharynx Anatomy and Pathologies Teresa Nunes Hospital Garcia de Orta, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo Portugal Oropharynx: Anatomy and Pathologies Oropharynx: Anatomy Objectives Nasopharynx • Review the anatomy of the oropharynx (subsites, borders, surrounding spaces) Oropharynx • Become familiar with patterns of spread of oropharyngeal infections and tumors Hypopharynx • Highlight relevant imaging findings for accurate staging and treatment planning of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma Oropharynx: Surrounding Spaces Oropharynx: Borders Anteriorly Oral cavity Superior Soft palate Laterally Parapharyngeal space Anterior Circumvallate papillae Masticator space Anterior tonsillar pillars Posteriorly Retropharyngeal space Posterior Posterior pharyngeal wall Lateral Anterior tonsillar pillars Tonsillar fossa Posterior tonsillar pillars Inferior Vallecula Oropharynx: Borders Oropharynx: Borders Oropharyngeal isthmus Superior Soft palate Anterior Circumvallate papillae Anterior 2/3 vs posterior 1/3 of tongue Anterior tonsillar pillars Palatoglossal arch Inferior Vallecula Anterior tonsillar pillar: most common Pre-epiglottic space Glossopiglottic fold (median) location of oropharyngeal squamous Can not be assessed clinically Pharyngoepiglottic folds (lateral) Invasion requires supraglottic laryngectomy !cell carcinoma ! Oropharynx: Borders Muscles of the Pharyngeal Wall Posterior pharyngeal -
Heterogeneity of Glandular Cells in the Human Salivary Glands: an Immunohistochemical Study Using Elderly Adult and Fetal Specimens
Original Article http://dx.doi.org/10.5115/acb.2013.46.2.101 pISSN 2093-3665 eISSN 2093-3673 Heterogeneity of glandular cells in the human salivary glands: an immunohistochemical study using elderly adult and fetal specimens Yukio Katori1, Shogo Hayashi2, Yoshitaka Takanashi3, Ji Hyun Kim4, Shinichi Abe5, Gen Murakami6, Tetsuaki Kawase3 1Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Sendai Municipal Hospital, Sendai, 2Medical Education Center, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, 3Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan, 4Department of Anatomy, Chonbuk National University College of Medicine, Jeonju, Korea, 5Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, 6Division of Internal Medicine, Iwamizawa Kojin-kai Hospital, Iwamizawa, Japan Abstract: Using immunohistochemical staining for alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S100 protein (S100), p63, cytokeratin 14 (CK14), and cytokeratin 19 (CK19), we studied acinar and myoepithelial cells of major and minor salivary glands obtained from 14 donated cadavers (78–92 years old) and 5 donated fetuses (aborted at 15–16 weeks of gestation). CK and p63 expression was investigated only in the adult specimens. SMA was detected in all adult glands as well as in fetal sublingual and pharyngeal glands. GFAP expression was seen in a limited number of cells in adult glands, but was highly expressed in fetal pharyngeal glands. S100-positive myoepithelial-like cells were present in adult minor glands as well as in fetal sublingual and pharyngeal glands. Expression of p63 was evident in the ducts of adult glands. CK14 immunoreactivity was observed in a limited number of glandular cells in adults, in contrast to consistent expression of CK19. -
A Review and Outcome Report from Red Cross Hospital, Cape Town
of Ch al ild rn u H o e a J l t A h S of Ch al ild rn u H o e a J l t A h S of Ch al ild ARTICLE rn u H o e a J l t A h Surgical management of sialorrhoea: S A review and outcome report from Red Cross Hospital, Cape Town Graeme J Copley, MB ChB, FCS (Orl) (SA) Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Cape Town and New Somerset Hospital, Cape Town Chris A J Prescott, MB ChB, FRCS (Eng) Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Cape Town and Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, Cape Town Johannes J Fagan, MB ChB, FCS (Orl) (SA), MMed Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital Aim. To review the surgical management of sialorrhoea (submandibular duct transposition with or without bilateral excision of the sublingual salivary glands: the ‘drooling procedure’, DP) at Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, Cape Town. Patients and methods. A retrospective review of the medical records of patients who had undergone a DP between 1996 and 2003, to ascertain the results of the procedure and complications. Subsequently a questionnaire was sent to all patients with a recognisable postal address to ascertain long-term satisfaction with the procedure. Results. Forty-six patients had had a DP, and 32 of the medical records were available for analysis. In 23 cases a comment had been recorded on the result of the procedure; 18 (78%) had shown ‘marked’ improvement and 5 (22%) ‘a little’ improvement. -
DHE121 Lesson Objectives
Instructional Objectives for DHE121 Identify the following anatomical structures and terms: Parotid Papilla Canine Eminence Parotid Duct or Stenson’s Duct Primary Teeth Maxilla Permanent Teeth Mandible Anterior Teeth Maxillary Sinuses or Paranasal Sinuses Posterior Teeth Alveolar Process or Bone Incisors Maxillary or Mandibular Vestibule Canines Buccal, Labial, and Alveolar Mucosa Premolars Vestibular Fornix Molars Mucobuccal Fold Exostoses Labial Frenum Pulp Cavity Alveolus Torus or Tori Periodontal Ligament (PDL) Gingiva Crown of a Tooth Attached Gingiva Root of a Tooth Alveolar Mucosa Enamel Mucogingival Junction Dentin Marginal Gingiva Cementum Gingival Sulcu Maxillary or Mandibular Tuberosity Interdental Gingiva or Papilla Fordyce Spots Fauces Linea Alba Anterior and Posterior Tonsillar Pillar Retromolar Pad Palatine Tonsils Palate Hard and Soft Median Palatine Raphe Incisive Papilla Palatine Rugae Uvula of the Palate Pterygomandibular Fold or Raphe Base of the Tongue Body of the Tongue Apex of the Tongue Lingual Papillae Dorsal Surface of the Tongue Median Lingual Sulcus of the Tongue Filiform Lingual Papillae Fungiform Lingual Papillae Sulcus Terminalis of the Tongue Foramen Cecum Circumvallate Lingual Papillae Lingual Tonsil Lateral Surface of the Tongue Foliate Lingual Papillae Ventral Surface of the Tongue Plicae Fimbriata Lingual Frenum Sublingual Fold Sublingual Salivary Gland Sublingual Caruncle Submandibular Duct (Wharton’s Duct) Sublingual Duct (Bartholin’s Duct) Laryngopharynx Nasopharynx Oropharynx Facial or Labial Anterior Buccal Posterior Palatal Frenum Lingual Dorsal Vestibules Oral Mucosa or Mucous Membrane Mastication DHE121 ORAL CAVITY 1. Describe the boundaries of the oral cavity. 2. Cite the two parts of the oral cavity. 3. Define: vestibule oral cavity proper mucobuccal fold frenum alveolar mucosa gingiva exotoses palatine tori (torus palatinis) mandibular tori (torus mandibularis) 4. -
Adult Tonsillectomy and / Or Sleep Apnea Surgery
2201 Glenwood Ave., Joliet, IL 60435 ENT SURGICAL CONSULTANTS (815) 725-1191, (815) 725-1248 fax (815) 929-2262 Answer Service Thomas K. Kron, MD, FACS 1890 Silver Cross Blvd, Pavilion A, Suite 435, New Lenox, IL 60451 Michael G. Gartlan, MD, FAAP, FACS (815) 717-8768 Rajeev H. Mehta, MD, FACS 900 W. Route 6, Suite 960, Morris, IL 60450 Scott W. DiVenere, MD Sung J. Chung, MD (815) 941-1972 Ankit M. Patel, MD www.entsurgicalillinois.com ADULT TONSILLECTOMY AND/OR SLEEP APNEA SURGERY (1/16) There is a large ring of lymphoid tissue throughout the throat that provides an immune function in the upper respiratory tract during childhood. The largest components of this ring include a pair of palatine tonsils that can be seen through the mouth on each side and the pharyngeal tonsil, commonly referred to as the adenoid, which is located in the upper throat behind the nose. All these tonsil tissues and the lymph nodes in the neck work together to “catch” and trap incoming infections. Unfortunately, the tonsil and adenoid may become the source of infection itself like a plugged filter Ear, Nose & Throat Diseases or they can become so Otolaryngologylarge as to obstruct-Head the airway. & Neck Surgery Facial Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Usually tonsils and adenoidsThyroid peak inand size P arathyroidby 8 years of Surgery age, then begin to gradually shrink and atrophy by 12 years of age. By this age near complete facial and dental growth has occurred.Pediatric Adolescents Otolaryngology and adults with persistently enlarged tonsils are considered abnormal and usually result from chronic bacteria colonization of the tonsil crypts. -
2018 Update on Radiation Treatment for Head/Neck Cancer Michael Samuels, MD University of Miami Sylvester CCC Conflict of Interest
2018 Update on Radiation Treatment for Head/Neck Cancer Michael Samuels, MD University of Miami Sylvester CCC Conflict of Interest • EMD Serono—Consultant Learning Objectives 1. Understand the basic treatment pathways that guide management of head/neck cancer cases (oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, hypopharynx, nasopharynx, major salivary glands) including the roles of surgery, radiation therapy and use of systemic agents 2. Become familiar with the new AJCC staging system for HPV- associated oropharynx cancers 3. Improve technical competence in planning head/neck IMRT cases 4. Improve understanding of the use of leading edge head/neck cancer technologies (proton RT, immunotherapy) Neck Nodal Levels • Ia: Submental • Between anterior bodies of digastric Neck Nodal Levels muscles • Drains lower lip, chin and (secondary drainage for) anterior tongue • Ib: Submandibular • From upper to lower margin of submandibular gland, medial to mandible and lateral to digastric muscle • Drains oral cavity and lower nasal cavity • II: Upper Jugular • From underside of lateral process of Neck Nodal Levels C1 to hyoid, medial to SCM, lateral to scalene muscles. Divided into IIA and IIB by the posterior border of the IJV. • Drains most HN sites • Nasal cavity • Nasopharynx • Oropharynx • Oral cavity (secondary) • Larynx • Hypopharynx • Major salivary glands • VIIa: Retrostyloid (“high level II”) • Tissue surrounding carotid/jugular Neck Nodal Levels vascular bundle, from jugular foramen to upper border of level II RP • Drains nasopharynx RS • Retrograde -
Bacteria Slides
BACTERIA SLIDES Cocci Bacillus BACTERIA SLIDES _______________ __ BACTERIA SLIDES Spirilla BACTERIA SLIDES ___________________ _____ BACTERIA SLIDES Bacillus BACTERIA SLIDES ________________ _ LUNG SLIDE Bronchiole Lumen Alveolar Sac Alveoli Alveolar Duct LUNG SLIDE SAGITTAL SECTION OF HUMAN HEAD MODEL Superior Concha Auditory Tube Middle Concha Opening Inferior Concha Nasal Cavity Internal Nare External Nare Hard Palate Pharyngeal Oral Cavity Tonsils Tongue Nasopharynx Soft Palate Oropharynx Uvula Laryngopharynx Palatine Tonsils Lingual Tonsils Epiglottis False Vocal Cords True Vocal Cords Esophagus Thyroid Cartilage Trachea Cricoid Cartilage SAGITTAL SECTION OF HUMAN HEAD MODEL LARYNX MODEL Side View Anterior View Hyoid Bone Superior Horn Thyroid Cartilage Inferior Horn Thyroid Gland Cricoid Cartilage Trachea Tracheal Rings LARYNX MODEL Posterior View Epiglottis Hyoid Bone Vocal Cords Epiglottis Corniculate Cartilage Arytenoid Cartilage Cricoid Cartilage Thyroid Gland Parathyroid Glands LARYNX MODEL Side View Anterior View ____________ _ ____________ _______ ______________ _____ _____________ ____________________ _____ ______________ _____ _________ _________ ____________ _______ LARYNX MODEL Posterior View HUMAN HEART & LUNGS MODEL Larynx Tracheal Rings Found on the Trachea Left Superior Lobe Left Inferior Lobe Heart Right Superior Lobe Right Middle Lobe Right Inferior Lobe Diaphragm HUMAN HEART & LUNGS MODEL Hilum (curvature where blood vessels enter lungs) Carina Pulmonary Arteries (Blue) Pulmonary Veins (Red) Bronchioles Apex (points