Chapter 1 Oral Structures and Tissues Arthur R
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Te2, Part Iii
TERMINOLOGIA EMBRYOLOGICA Second Edition International Embryological Terminology FIPAT The Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology A programme of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) TE2, PART III Contents Caput V: Organogenesis Chapter 5: Organogenesis (continued) Systema respiratorium Respiratory system Systema urinarium Urinary system Systemata genitalia Genital systems Coeloma Coelom Glandulae endocrinae Endocrine glands Systema cardiovasculare Cardiovascular system Systema lymphoideum Lymphoid system Bibliographic Reference Citation: FIPAT. Terminologia Embryologica. 2nd ed. FIPAT.library.dal.ca. Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology, February 2017 Published pending approval by the General Assembly at the next Congress of IFAA (2019) Creative Commons License: The publication of Terminologia Embryologica is under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) license The individual terms in this terminology are within the public domain. Statements about terms being part of this international standard terminology should use the above bibliographic reference to cite this terminology. The unaltered PDF files of this terminology may be freely copied and distributed by users. IFAA member societies are authorized to publish translations of this terminology. Authors of other works that might be considered derivative should write to the Chair of FIPAT for permission to publish a derivative work. Caput V: ORGANOGENESIS Chapter 5: ORGANOGENESIS -
The Surgical Plane for Lingual Tonsillectomy: an Anatomic Study Eugene L
Son et al. Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (2016) 45:22 DOI 10.1186/s40463-016-0137-3 ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access The surgical plane for lingual tonsillectomy: an anatomic study Eugene L. Son1*, Michael P. Underbrink1, Suimin Qiu2 and Vicente A. Resto1 Abstract Background: The presence of a plane between the lingual tonsils and the underlying soft tissue has not been confirmed. The objective of this study is to ascertain the presence and the characteristics about this plane for surgical use. Methods: Five cadaver heads were obtained for dissection of the lingual tonsils. Six permanent sections of previous tongue base biopsies were reviewed. Robot assisted lingual tonsillectomy was performed using the dissection technique from the cadaver dissection. Results: In each of the 5 cadavers, an avascular plane was revealed deep to the lingual tonsils. Microscopic review of the tongue base biopsies revealed a clear demarcation between the lingual tonsils and the underlying minor salivary glands and muscle tissue. This area was relatively avascular. Using the technique described above, a lingual tonsillectomy using TORS was performed with similar findings from the cadaver dissections. Conclusions: A surgical plane for lingual tonsillectomy exists and may prove to have a role with lingual tonsillectomy with TORS. Keywords: Lingual tonsil, Surgical plane, Transoral robotic surgery, Lingual tonsillectomy Background There has been an increase in the incidence of human The base of tongue had once been a difficult area for papilloma virus (HPV) related oropharyngeal squamous surgery to perform on because of problems with expos- cell carcinoma [3]. A large of number of SCCUP with ure. -
ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 7(10), 979-1021
ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 7(10), 979-1021 Journal Homepage: - www.journalijar.com Article DOI: 10.21474/IJAR01/9916 DOI URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/9916 RESEARCH ARTICLE MINOR ORAL SURGICAL PROCEDURES. Harsha S K., Rani Somani and Shipra Jaidka. 1. Postgraduate Student, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Divya Jyoti college of Dental Sciences & Research, Modinagar, UP, India. 2. Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences & Research, Modinagar, UP, India. 3. Professor, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences & Research, Modinagar, UP, India. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Manuscript Info Abstract ……………………. ……………………………………………………………… Manuscript History Minor oral surgery includes removal of retained or burried roots, Received: 16 August 2019 broken teeth, wisdom teeth and cysts of the upper and lower jaw. It also Final Accepted: 18 September 2019 includes apical surgery and removal of small soft tissue lesions like Published: October 2019 mucocele, ranula, high labial or lingual frenum etc in the mouth. These procedures are carried out under local anesthesia with or without iv Key words:- Gamba grass, accessions, yield, crude sedation and have relatively short recovery period. protein, mineral contents, Benin. Copy Right, IJAR, 2019,. All rights reserved. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Introduction:- Children are life‟s greatest gifts. The joy, curiosity and energy all wrapped up in tiny humans. This curiosity and lesser motor coordination usually leads to increased incidence of falls in children which leads to traumatic dental injuries. Trauma to the oral region may damage teeth, lips, cheeks, tongue, and temporomandibular joints. These traumatic injuries are the second most important issue in dentistry, after the tooth decay. -
Salivary Gland Infections and Salivary Stones (Sialadentis and Sialithiasis)
Salivary Gland Infections and Salivary Stones (Sialadentis and Sialithiasis) What is Sialadenitis and Sialithiasis? Sialdenitis is an infection of the salivary glands that causes painful swelling of the glands that produce saliva, or spit. Bacterial infections, diabetes, tumors or stones in the salivary glands, and tooth problems (poor oral hygiene) may cause a salivary gland infection. The symptoms include pain, swelling, pus in the mouth, neck skin infection. These infections and affect the submandibular gland (below the jaw) or the parotid glands (in front of the ears). The symptoms can be minor and just be a small swelling after meals (symptoms tend to be worse after times of high saliva flow). Rarely, the swelling in the mouth will progress and can cut off your airway and cause you to stop breathing. What Causes Sialadenitis and Sialithiasis When the flow of saliva is blocked by a small stone (salilithiasis) in a salivary gland or when a person is dehydrated, bacteria can build up and cause an infection. A viral infection, such as the mumps, also can cause a salivary gland to get infected and swell. These infections can also be caused by a spread from rotten or decaying teeth. Sometimes there can be a buildup of calcium in the saliva ducts that form into stones. These can easily stop the flow of saliva and cause problems How are these infections and stones treated? Treatment depends on what caused your salivary gland infection. If the infection is caused by bacteria, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics. Home treatment such as drinking fluids, applying warm compresses, and sucking on lemon wedges or sour candy to increase saliva may help to clear the infection quicker. -
Pediatric Oral Pathology. Soft Tissue and Periodontal Conditions
PEDIATRIC ORAL HEALTH 0031-3955100 $15.00 + .OO PEDIATRIC ORAL PATHOLOGY Soft Tissue and Periodontal Conditions Jayne E. Delaney, DDS, MSD, and Martha Ann Keels, DDS, PhD Parents often are concerned with “lumps and bumps” that appear in the mouths of children. Pediatricians should be able to distinguish the normal clinical appearance of the intraoral tissues in children from gingivitis, periodontal abnormalities, and oral lesions. Recognizing early primary tooth mobility or early primary tooth loss is critical because these dental findings may be indicative of a severe underlying medical illness. Diagnostic criteria and .treatment recommendations are reviewed for many commonly encountered oral conditions. INTRAORAL SOFT-TISSUE ABNORMALITIES Congenital Lesions Ankyloglossia Ankyloglossia, or “tongue-tied,” is a common congenital condition characterized by an abnormally short lingual frenum and the inability to extend the tongue. The frenum may lengthen with growth to produce normal function. If the extent of the ankyloglossia is severe, speech may be affected, mandating speech therapy or surgical correction. If a child is able to extend his or her tongue sufficiently far to moisten the lower lip, then a frenectomy usually is not indicated (Fig. 1). From Private Practice, Waldorf, Maryland (JED); and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Duke Children’s Hospital, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (MAK) ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA VOLUME 47 * NUMBER 5 OCTOBER 2000 1125 1126 DELANEY & KEELS Figure 1. A, Short lingual frenum in a 4-year-old child. B, Child demonstrating the ability to lick his lower lip. Developmental Lesions Geographic Tongue Benign migratory glossitis, or geographic tongue, is a common finding during routine clinical examination of children. -
The Microvasculature of Human Infant Oral Mucosa Using Vascular Corrosion Casts and India Ink Injection II
Scanning Microscopy Volume 8 Number 1 Article 13 3-31-1994 The Microvasculature of Human Infant Oral Mucosa Using Vascular Corrosion Casts and India Ink Injection II. Palate and Lip Q. X. Yu Sun Yat-Sen University of Medical Sciences K. M. Pang University of Hong Kong W. Ran Sun Yat-Sen University of Medical Sciences H. P. Philipsen University of Hong Kong X. H. Chen Sun Yat-Sen University of Medical Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/microscopy Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Yu, Q. X.; Pang, K. M.; Ran, W.; Philipsen, H. P.; and Chen, X. H. (1994) "The Microvasculature of Human Infant Oral Mucosa Using Vascular Corrosion Casts and India Ink Injection II. Palate and Lip," Scanning Microscopy: Vol. 8 : No. 1 , Article 13. Available at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/microscopy/vol8/iss1/13 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Western Dairy Center at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Scanning Microscopy by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Scanning Microscopy, Vol. 8, No. l, 1994 (Pages 133-139) 0891-7035/94$5.00+ .25 Scanning Microscopy International, Chicago (AMF O'Hare), IL 60666 USA THE MICROVASCULATURE OF HUMAN INFANT ORAL MUCOSA USING VASCULAR CORROSION CASTS AND INDIA INK INJECTION II. PALATE AND LIP Q.X. Yu 1,'", K.M. Pang2, W. Ran 1, H.P. Philipsen 2 and X.H. Chen 1 1Faculty of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China. -
Doctoral Thesis
UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY CRAIOVA DOCTORAL SCHOOL DOCTORAL THESIS GINGIVAL OVERGROWTH OF LOCAL CAUSES - CLINICAL , HISTOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICALLY STUDY ABSTRACT PHD SUPERVISOR: Prof. Univ. Dr. ȘTEFANIA CRĂIȚOIU PHD STUDENT: POPESCU EMMA-CRISTINA CRAIOVA 2016 1 CONTENTS CHAPTER I 4 ANATOMY, HISTOLOGY AND HISTOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE ORAL MUCOSA I.1. THE ANATOMY OF ORAL MUCOSA 4 I.1.1. Cavity and oral mucosa structure 4 I.1.2. Clinical features 4 I.1.2.1. Coating mucosa 4 I.1.2.1 Gingiva 4 I.2. THE HISTOLOGY OF ORAL MUCOSA 5 I.3. HISTOPHYSIOLOGY OF ORAL MUCOSA 5 CHAPTER II 5 ORAL MUCOSA OVERGROWTH DETERMINED BY LOCAL CAUSES II.1. THE ETIOLOGY OF GINGIVAL OVERGROWTH 5 II.2. THE CLASIFICATION OF GINGIVAL OVERGROWTHS 5 II.2.1. INFLAMATORY GINGIVAL OVERGROWTH 5 II.2.1.1. Chronic hyperplastic gingivitis 6 II.2.1.2. Reactive hyperplastic lesions of the gingiva 6 II.3. PATHOGENIC MECHANISMS 6 CHAPTER III 7 CLINICAL STATISTICAL STUDY OF GINGIVAL OVERGROWTH CAUSED BY LOCAL FACTORS III.1. The material used 7 III.2. Methodology 7 III.3 Results 7 III.4. Discussions 7 CHAPTER IV 8 HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF GINGIVAL OVERGROWTH OF LOCAL CAUSES IV.1. Study material 8 IV.2. Methods used for histological study 8 IV.3. Results 8 IV.4. Discussions 9 CHAPTER V 9 IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICALLY STUDY OF GINGIVAL OVERGROWTH OF LOCAL CAUSES V.1. Study method 9 V.2. Results 9 2 V.3. Discussions 10 CONCLUSIONS 10 REFERENSIS 10 Key words: Gingival outgrowth, Iatrogenic factors, Growth factors, Matrix metalloproteinases 3 CHAPTER I ANATOMY, HISTOLOGY and the HISTOPHYSIOLOGY of the ORAL MUCOSA I.1. -
Abscesses Apicectomy
BChD, Dip Odont. (Mondchir.) MBChB, MChD (Chir. Max.-Fac.-Med.) Univ. of Pretoria Co Reg: 2012/043819/21 Practice.no: 062 000 012 3323 ABSCESSES WHAT IS A TOOTH ABSCESS? A dental/tooth abscess is a localised acute infection at the base of a tooth, which requires immediate attention from your dentist. They are usually associated with acute pain, swelling and sometimes an unpleasant smell or taste in the mouth. More severe infections cause facial swelling as the bacteria spread to the nearby tissues of the face. This is a very serious condition. Once the swelling begins, it can spread rapidly. The pain is often made worse by drinking hot or cold fluids or biting on hard foods and may spread from the tooth to the ear or jaw on the same side. WHAT CAUSES AN ABSCESS? Damage to the tooth, an untreated cavity, or a gum disease can cause an abscessed tooth. If the cavity isn’t treated, the inside of the tooth can become infected. The bacteria can spread from the tooth to the tissue around and beneath it, creating an abscess. Gum disease causes the gums to pull away from the teeth, leaving pockets. If food builds up in one of these pockets, bacteria can grow, and an abscess may form. An abscess can cause the bone around the tooth to dissolve. WHY CAN'T ANTIBIOTIC TREATMENT ALONE BE USED? Antibiotics will usually help the pain and swelling associated with acute dental infections. However, they are not very good at reaching into abscesses and killing all the bacteria that are present. -
Head and Neck
DEFINITION OF ANATOMIC SITES WITHIN THE HEAD AND NECK adapted from the Summary Staging Guide 1977 published by the SEER Program, and the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual Fifth Edition published by the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging. Note: Not all sites in the lip, oral cavity, pharynx and salivary glands are listed below. All sites to which a Summary Stage scheme applies are listed at the begining of the scheme. ORAL CAVITY AND ORAL PHARYNX (in ICD-O-3 sequence) The oral cavity extends from the skin-vermilion junction of the lips to the junction of the hard and soft palate above and to the line of circumvallate papillae below. The oral pharynx (oropharynx) is that portion of the continuity of the pharynx extending from the plane of the inferior surface of the soft palate to the plane of the superior surface of the hyoid bone (or floor of the vallecula) and includes the base of tongue, inferior surface of the soft palate and the uvula, the anterior and posterior tonsillar pillars, the glossotonsillar sulci, the pharyngeal tonsils, and the lateral and posterior walls. The oral cavity and oral pharynx are divided into the following specific areas: LIPS (C00._; vermilion surface, mucosal lip, labial mucosa) upper and lower, form the upper and lower anterior wall of the oral cavity. They consist of an exposed surface of modified epider- mis beginning at the junction of the vermilion border with the skin and including only the vermilion surface or that portion of the lip that comes into contact with the opposing lip. -
Human Anatomy As Related to Tumor Formation Book Four
SEER Program Self Instructional Manual for Cancer Registrars Human Anatomy as Related to Tumor Formation Book Four Second Edition U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service National Institutesof Health SEER PROGRAM SELF-INSTRUCTIONAL MANUAL FOR CANCER REGISTRARS Book 4 - Human Anatomy as Related to Tumor Formation Second Edition Prepared by: SEER Program Cancer Statistics Branch National Cancer Institute Editor in Chief: Evelyn M. Shambaugh, M.A., CTR Cancer Statistics Branch National Cancer Institute Assisted by Self-Instructional Manual Committee: Dr. Robert F. Ryan, Emeritus Professor of Surgery Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans, Louisiana Mildred A. Weiss Los Angeles, California Mary A. Kruse Bethesda, Maryland Jean Cicero, ART, CTR Health Data Systems Professional Services Riverdale, Maryland Pat Kenny Medical Illustrator for Division of Research Services National Institutes of Health CONTENTS BOOK 4: HUMAN ANATOMY AS RELATED TO TUMOR FORMATION Page Section A--Objectives and Content of Book 4 ............................... 1 Section B--Terms Used to Indicate Body Location and Position .................. 5 Section C--The Integumentary System ..................................... 19 Section D--The Lymphatic System ....................................... 51 Section E--The Cardiovascular System ..................................... 97 Section F--The Respiratory System ....................................... 129 Section G--The Digestive System ......................................... 163 Section -
Basic Histology (23 Questions): Oral Histology (16 Questions
Board Question Breakdown (Anatomic Sciences section) The Anatomic Sciences portion of part I of the Dental Board exams consists of 100 test items. They are broken up into the following distribution: Gross Anatomy (50 questions): Head - 28 questions broken down in this fashion: - Oral cavity - 6 questions - Extraoral structures - 12 questions - Osteology - 6 questions - TMJ and muscles of mastication - 4 questions Neck - 5 questions Upper Limb - 3 questions Thoracic cavity - 5 questions Abdominopelvic cavity - 2 questions Neuroanatomy (CNS, ANS +) - 7 questions Basic Histology (23 questions): Ultrastructure (cell organelles) - 4 questions Basic tissues - 4 questions Bone, cartilage & joints - 3 questions Lymphatic & circulatory systems - 3 questions Endocrine system - 2 questions Respiratory system - 1 question Gastrointestinal system - 3 questions Genitouirinary systems - (reproductive & urinary) 2 questions Integument - 1 question Oral Histology (16 questions): Tooth & supporting structures - 9 questions Soft oral tissues (including dentin) - 5 questions Temporomandibular joint - 2 questions Developmental Biology (11 questions): Osteogenesis (bone formation) - 2 questions Tooth development, eruption & movement - 4 questions General embryology - 2 questions 2 National Board Part 1: Review questions for histology/oral histology (Answers follow at the end) 1. Normally most of the circulating white blood cells are a. basophilic leukocytes b. monocytes c. lymphocytes d. eosinophilic leukocytes e. neutrophilic leukocytes 2. Blood platelets are products of a. osteoclasts b. basophils c. red blood cells d. plasma cells e. megakaryocytes 3. Bacteria are frequently ingested by a. neutrophilic leukocytes b. basophilic leukocytes c. mast cells d. small lymphocytes e. fibrocytes 4. It is believed that worn out red cells are normally destroyed in the spleen by a. neutrophils b. -
Salivary Glands
GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM [Anatomy and functions of salivary gland] 1 INTRODUCTION Digestive system is made up of gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) or alimentary canal and accessory organs, which help in the process of digestion and absorption. GI tract is a tubular structure extending from the mouth up to anus, with a length of about 30 feet. GI tract is formed by two types of organs: • Primary digestive organs. • Accessory digestive organs 2 Primary Digestive Organs: Primary digestive organs are the organs where actual digestion takes place. Primary digestive organs are: Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Stomach 3 Anatomy and functions of mouth: FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF MOUTH: Mouth is otherwise known as oral cavity or buccal cavity. It is formed by cheeks, lips and palate. It encloses the teeth, tongue and salivary glands. Mouth opens anteriorly to the exterior through lips and posteriorly through fauces into the pharynx. Digestive juice present in the mouth is saliva, which is secreted by the salivary glands. 4 ANATOMY OF MOUTH 5 FUNCTIONS OF MOUTH: Primary function of mouth is eating and it has few other important functions also. Functions of mouth include: Ingestion of food materials. Chewing the food and mixing it with saliva. Appreciation of taste of the food. Transfer of food (bolus) to the esophagus by swallowing . Role in speech . Social functions such as smiling and other expressions. 6 SALIVARY GLANDS: The saliva is secreted by three pairs of major (larger) salivary glands and some minor (small) salivary glands. Major glands are: 1. Parotid glands 2. Submaxillary or submandibular glands 3. Sublingual glands. 7 Parotid Glands: Parotid glands are the largest of all salivary glands, situated at the side of the face just below and in front of the ear.