Instructional Objectives for DHE121
Identify the following anatomical structures and terms:
Parotid Papilla Canine Eminence Parotid Duct or Stenson’s Duct Primary Teeth Maxilla Permanent Teeth Mandible Anterior Teeth Maxillary Sinuses or Paranasal Sinuses Posterior Teeth Alveolar Process or Bone Incisors Maxillary or Mandibular Vestibule Canines Buccal, Labial, and Alveolar Mucosa Premolars Vestibular Fornix Molars Mucobuccal Fold Exostoses Labial Frenum Pulp Cavity Alveolus Torus or Tori Periodontal Ligament (PDL) Gingiva Crown of a Tooth Attached Gingiva Root of a Tooth Alveolar Mucosa Enamel Mucogingival Junction Dentin Marginal Gingiva Cementum Gingival Sulcu Maxillary or Mandibular Tuberosity Interdental Gingiva or Papilla Fordyce Spots Fauces Linea Alba Anterior and Posterior Tonsillar Pillar Retromolar Pad Palatine Tonsils Palate Hard and Soft Median Palatine Raphe Incisive Papilla Palatine Rugae Uvula of the Palate Pterygomandibular Fold or Raphe Base of the Tongue Body of the Tongue Apex of the Tongue Lingual Papillae Dorsal Surface of the Tongue Median Lingual Sulcus of the Tongue Filiform Lingual Papillae Fungiform Lingual Papillae Sulcus Terminalis of the Tongue Foramen Cecum Circumvallate Lingual Papillae Lingual Tonsil Lateral Surface of the Tongue Foliate Lingual Papillae Ventral Surface of the Tongue Plicae Fimbriata Lingual Frenum Sublingual Fold Sublingual Salivary Gland Sublingual Caruncle Submandibular Duct (Wharton’s Duct) Sublingual Duct (Bartholin’s Duct) Laryngopharynx Nasopharynx Oropharynx Facial or Labial Anterior Buccal Posterior Palatal Frenum Lingual Dorsal Vestibules Oral Mucosa or Mucous Membrane Mastication DHE121
ORAL CAVITY
1. Describe the boundaries of the oral cavity.
2. Cite the two parts of the oral cavity.
3. Define:
vestibule oral cavity proper mucobuccal fold frenum alveolar mucosa gingiva exotoses palatine tori (torus palatinis) mandibular tori (torus mandibularis)
4. Describe and identify on an illustration the landmarks/structures for the following:
lips cheeks and dental arches gingival area oral boundaries palate posterior of the oral cavity tongue floor of mouth DHE 121
GENERAL EMBRYOLOGY
Define:
Mesenchyme Mesoderm Ectoderm Endoderm Odontogenic
1. Describe the oral charcteristics of Down’s syndrome and explain the genetic defect.
2. Define genetic autosomal dominant inheritance and site two dental examples of such a defect.
3. Describe the origin of neural crest cells.
4. Define Treacher-Collins syndrome and site its origin. DHE 121
EMBRYOLOGY OF THE HEAD, FACE AND ORAL CAVITY
1. Describe the Bronchial (Pharyngeal) Arch System.
2. Define the following:
Stomatodium Buccopharyngeal membrane
3. Briefly describe the anatomy of the bronchial arches.
4. Name the nerve which is derived from the following arches: first, second and third.
5. Site the following structures on a slide:
Maxillary Process Mandibular Process Lateral Nasal Process Nasal Pit Medial Nasal Process Groove Separating the Maxillary process from the medial nasal and Lateral nasal process
6. Site the days in which the face develops.
7. Explain the formation and site on a slide of the primary palate.
8. Explain the formation and site on a slide of the secondary palate.
9. Site the weeks at which tongue begins to develop.
10. Site the Bronchial arches from which the tongue develops.
11. Explain the innervation of the tongue.
12. Discuss the origin of the mandible and maxillary (arch).
13. Name the Cartilage of the first arch. Describe how it looks in embryo.
14. Describe intramembranous ossification of the mandible. Site the week in which this takes place.
15. Define teratogens.
16. Site statistics in the U.S. for cleft lip or palate.
17. Site the etiologies of the following clefts, at which week in embryionic life will a cleft lip, and cleft palate form.
DHE 121 STRUCTURE OF THE ORAL TISSUES
1. Explain the reason for the permanent dentition.
2. Define clinical crown.
3. Site the inorganic composition of enamel.
4. Describe enamel composition.
5. Explain why it is vulnerable to demineralization by acids. (enamel)
6. Describe the enamel forming cells length of vitality.
7. Describe the composition of dentin.
8. Define odontoblast.
9. Site where the odontoblastic cell body lies.
10. Describe the composition of the pulp.
11. Draw the foolowing structures: dentin, cementum, enamel, periodontal ligament, bone and cej.
12. List the supporting apparatus of the tooth.
13. Describe the pdl and its function.
14. List the components of the oral mucosa. Explain the parts of these tissues
DHE 121
DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOOTH AND ITS SUPPORTING TISSUES
1. Define primary epithelial band. Discuss what it gives rise to.
2. Compare the vestibular lamina with the dental lamina.
3. Explain the bud stage.
4. Explain the cap stage.
5. Define dental organ.
6. Explain the responsibility of the dental organ in the fomation of the tooth.
7. List the components of the dental organ. Explain their significance in the formation of the crown.
8. Identify these structures from a slide.
9. Define histodifferentiation and morphodifferentiation.
10. Discuss the bell stage of development.
11. Define and be able to identify from a slide:
stellate reticulum internal dental epithelium dental papilla external dental epithelium dental follicle cell-free zone stratum intermedium
12. Explain the dental papilla at the bell stage.
13. Explain the significance of the disjoining of the dental lamina.
14. Explain the nerve and vascular supply during early development.
15. Explain the formation of the permanent dentition.
16. Explain hard tissue formation in the late bell stage of development.
17. Determine which is first, enamel formation or dentin formation.
18. Briefly explain dentinogenesis and the significance.
19. Explain Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath.
20. Describe root formation.
21. Discuss tooth eruption.
22. Define and explain cementogenesis.
23. Identify from a slide the bell, cap and bud stage of development.
24. Identify from a slide the dental lamina and the oral epithelium. DHE121
DENTINOGENESIS
1. Define odontoblasts.
2. Explain the difference between the dental pulp and the dental papilla.
3. Explain dentin formation at the late bell stage of development. Evaluate this from a slide.
4. Explain the shape of the internal dental epithelium cells and how they change and differentiate.
5. Describe coronal dentin formation and be able to label the following structures associated with it.
First formed dentin differentiating odontoblasts dental papilla internal dental epithelium cell-free zone stellate reticulum
6. Explain the organic matrix of dentin.
7. Define Mantle dentin.
8. Define Circumpulpal dentin.
9. Explain root dentin formation.
10. Explain the mineralization of dentin.
11. Explain secondary and tertiary dentinogenesis.
12. Given a slide be able to identify the structure in #5, 7, 8.
DHE 121
PROPERTIES OF PULP AND DENTIN
1. Describe the physical properties of dentin.
2. Describe the anatomy of dentin.
3. Define primary dentin.
4. Define tertiary dentin.
5. Define tertiary dentin.
6. Define predentin.
7. Define and be able to indentify from a slide the following:
dentinal tubules peritubular dentin intertubular dentin interglobular dentin incremental lines of von Ebner granular layer of Tomes
8. Describe the dentinoenamel junction.
9. List the four zones of the pulp and be able to identify and explain these zones from a slide.
10. Describe the cells of the dental pulp.
11. Briefly describe the nerve, vasculature and lymphatic supply of the pulp.
12. Describe dentin sensitivity and the three theories of sensitivity.
13. Define pulp stone.
14. Describe the age changes in the pulp.
15. Describe the clinical considerations of pulp and dentin.
16. Describe the ground substance of the pulp.
17. List the functions of the pulp.
18. Describe the clinical considerations of the pulp. DHE 121
AMELOGENESIS
1. Name the part of the embryonic tooth bud from which enamel is formed.
2. Describe the differentiation of ameloblasts in the dental organ.
3. Describe where amelogenises first takes place.
4. Describe the direction that the ameloblasts move.
5. Explain the cervical extent of enamel.
6. Describe at which stage of tooth development amelogenesis takes place.
7. Name the embryonic layer in which enamel originates.
8. Describe enamel formation and its stages.
9. Briefly describe the mineralization of enamel.
10. Describe enamel formation as seen through the light microscope.
11. Describe the Morphogenetic stages.
12. Define differentiation and describe the stages.
13. Describe the secretory stage of enamel.
14. Describe maturation of enamel.
15. Describe the protective stage of enamel.
16. List defects of amelogenesis. DHE 121
ENAMEL STRUCTURE
1. List the mineral content of enamel. Compare the mineral content of dentin and enamel.
2. Describe why enamel is susceptible to caries. Explain the tubule system in dentin.
3. Describe the physical characteristics of enamel and its structure.
4. Describe the enamel rod and its crystal orientation.
5. Describe the rod sheath and explain the sheath.
6. Explain Tomes processes.
7. Describe the direction of the enamel rods as they move toward the cusps.
8. Define Striae of Retzius.
9. Define bands of Hunter-Schreger
10. Define gnarled enamel.
11. Define enamel tufts and lamellae.
12. Describe the DEJ.
13. Define perikymata.
14. Describe the age changes in enamel.
15. Compare young enamel to older enamel.
16. Explain the clinical implications of the histology of the enamel, specifically fluoridation.
17. Summarize the acid etching that is currently being done in restorative procedures.
18. Define and give the origin of hypoplasia.
19. Define and give the origin of hypocalcification.
DHE 121
DEVELOPMENT OF THE PERIODONTIUM
1. List the components of the periodontium.
2. Describe early tooth formation in the periodontium.
3. Describe cementogenesis.
4. Discuss HERS formation formation and the fate of the root sheath.
5. Describe the PDL and its formation.
6. Identify from a slide the principle fibers of PDL.
7. Identify from a slide the principle fibers of the gingival ligament.
8. Compare and contrast the gingival ligament and the PDL.
9. Discuss the formation of the Dento-Gingival Junction.
10. Explain the Reduced enamel epithelium.
11. Explain the list the functions of the Epithelium in the development of the tooth. DHE 121
PERIODONTIUM
1. Explain the classification and cell components of cementum.
2. Discuss the cementocyte and cementoblast. Compare and contrast them.
3. Compare acellular and cellular cementum.
4. State the function and composition of the PDL.
5. List the cells of the periodontal ligament.
6. Explain the role of the principal cells of the periodontal ligament.
7. List and be able to identify the collagen fiber bundles of the periodontium.
8. Define lamina propria of the gingiva.
9. List functions of the fiber bundles.
10. Explain oxytalan fibers and describe the location.
11. Discuss the blood supply to the periodontal ligament.
12. Describe the clinical consideration of the PDL.
13. Describe the ground substance of the PDL.
14. Explain the nerve supply to the PDL.
15. Explain the alveolar bone and determine the width of the bottom of the sulcus to the crest of the bone in health and disease.
16. Define bundle bone.
17. Compare bundle bone and the lamina dura.
18. Identify from a slide the dentogingival junction, the gingival sulcus, the sulcular epithelium, the junctional epithelium, and connective tissue.
19. Explain in detail the dentogingival junction.
20. Use a slide to describe the gingival sulcus and its; relationship to the oral epithelium, the epithelium of the crevicular epithelium and the attachment epithelium.
21. Explain the sulcular epithelium, and junctional epithelium, and compare them histologically.
22. Explain the connective tissue supporting the epithelium of the dentogingival junction. Discuss briefly what inflammation does to this area.
23. Describe the blood supply to the gingiva.
24. Describe the blood supply to the dentogingival junction.
25. Discuss the age changes that occur in the periodontium.
26. List some of the functions of the periodontium.
27. Compare dental hard tissues as discussed on page 259 of your book. DHE 121
SALIVARY GLANDS
1. Describe the clinical consideration of the major and minor salivary galnds.
2. List the major salivary glands and identify if they are serous, mucous, or mixed in their secretions.
3. Explain the location of the major salivary glands.
4. Describe the functions of saliva. DHE 121
ORAL MUCOSA
1. Define mucous membrane.
2. List and explain the functions of the oral mucosa.
3. Describe the tissue types of oral mucosa.
4. Describe the clinical features of the oral mucosa.
5. Describe the tissue components of the oral mucosa.
6. Describe in detail the oral epithelium.
7. Explain the proliferation and maturation of the epithelium.
8. List the layers of keratinized and non-keratinized epithelium.
9. Describe the layers in #6.
10. Define orthokeratinization.
11. Define pyknotic nuclei.
12. Define keratinocyte.
13. Explain and define desmosomes.
14. Define and explain the following cell types and function:
Langerhans’ cell Merkel’s cell Inflammatory cells
15. Explain the junction between the epithelium and the lamina propria.
16. Describe the lamina propria including the cells and the fibers.
17. Compare the lining, masticatory and specialized mucosa with regards to epithelium, lamina propria and the submucosa.
18. Briefly describe the development of the oral mucosa.
19. Site the age changes in the oral mucosa.
20. Describe in detail the attachment of epithelium to the tooth.
21. Draw the attachment of epithelium cell to the tooth including the following: Cementum, epithelial cell, desmosome, lumina lucida, lumina dura, collagen fibers, and tonofilaments.
DHE 121
NOSE, NASAL CAVITY, AND PARANASAL SINUSES
1. Name, identify, and describe the four pairs of paranasal sinuses.
2. Discuss the relationship of the sinuses to the maxillary teeth.
3. Identify and describe:
anterior nasal spine ala respiratory epithelium cilia olfactory epithelium
DHE 121
MUSCLES OF MASTICATION, HYOID MUSCLES, AND STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID MUSCLE
1. Name, identify and describe the muscles of mastication.
2. Name, identify and describe the muscles of mastication that elevate the mandible.
3. Name, identify and describe the muscles of mastication that protrude the mandible.
4. Name, identify and describe the muscles of mastication that retract the mandible.
5. Name, identify and describe the muscles of mastication responsible for lateral excursion.
DHE 121
TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
1. Name, identify and describe the structures of the temporomandibular joint.
2. Define the role of the synovial cavity.
3. Define disc derangement, subluxation, bruxism, and crepitus.
4. Describe the two movements of the TMJ upon opening and closing the mouth and the location where these movements take place.
DHE 121
ARTERIAL SUPPLY AND VENOUS DRAINAGE
1. Define:
artery vein hematoma
1. Name the artery that supplies the brain.
2. Name the teeth supplied by the following:
inferior alveolar artery posterior superior alveolar artery anterior superior alveolar artery
3. Name the artery that supplies the tongue.
4. Name the veins that drain the following structures:
maxillary anterior teeth maxillary posterior teeth mandibular teeth tongue
5. Identify on a diagram the following:
internal jugular vein venous plexus common carotid artery inferior alveolar artery anterior superior alveolar artery posterior superior alveolar artery mental artery
6. Describe a possible complication associated with the injection of the posterior superior alveolar nerve.
DHE 121
NERVOUS SYSTEM
1. Describe the two major categories of the nervous system.
2. Name the three components of the periperal nervous system.
3. Cite the number of cranial nerves.
4. Identify and describe the three branches of the trigeminal nerve.
5. Identify on a diagram the following nerves:
posterior superior alveolar nerve mandibular nerve maxillary nerve ophthalmic nerve inferior alveolar nerve mental nerve middle superior nerve anterior superior nerve
DHE 121
THE TOOTH: FUNCTION AND TERMS
1. Describe and locate on a drawing or typodont the following tooth surfaces:
labial buccal facial lingual occlusal incisal proximal mesial distal
2 Describe the following terms:
anterior posterior contact area midline/median
3. Describe and locate on a drawing or typodont the following:
line angle cusp tubercle cingulum ridge marginal ridge developmental(primary) groove pit lobe triangular ridge transverse ridge oblique ridge fossa concavity convexity mamelons root trunk furcation
3. Define:
anatomical crown anatomical root clinical crown clinical root furcation (furca) bifurcation trifurcation eruption alveolar process alveolus apex apical foremen cervical line cementoenamel junction enamel dentin cementum pulp pulp chamber pulp canal (root canal) pulp horns secondary dentin reparative dentin acellular cementum cellular cement
4. Describe the inorganic/organic composition of:
enamel dentin cementum pulp DHE 121
FUNDAMENTAL AND PREVENTIVE CURVATURES
1. Define:
contact point contact area embrasure interproximal space crest of curvature buccal height of contour
2. Describe the location of the contact areas for the posterior and anterior teeth.
3. Describe the differences in the curvature of the cemento-enamel junction of the anterior teeth with that of the posterior teeth.
4. Describe the differences in the curvature of the cemento-enamel junction on the mesial surface with that of distal surface of the same tooth.
5. Describe each of the following embrasures and their location:
gingival embrasure cervical embrasure lingual embrasure facial embrasure
6. Cite the location for the buccal height of contour for the anterior and posterior teeth.
7. Cite the location for the greatest crest of curvature for the lingual of the anterior and posterior teeth.
8. Describe the importance of the shape of the teeth in regard to preservation of the dentition.
DHE 121
DENTITION
1. Define:
primary (deciduous) dentition secondary (permanent) dentition exfoliation mixed dentition succedaneous anterior teeth posterior teeth median line (midsaggital plane, midline) quadrant dental arch
1. Describe the difference between primary dentition, secondary dentition, and mixed dentition.
2. Describe the methods of identifying deciduous and permanent teeth:
Universal Palmer Federation Dentaire International(FDI)
3. Name and code each individual tooth.
4. Identify a tooth when given a code from one of the three systems of tooth identification.
DHE 121
DEVELOPMENT, FORM. AND ERUPTION
1. Define:
development lobes coalescence mamelons mesoial drift exofoliation tooth bud promate spaces
2. Cite the general rules of eruption.
3. Cite the age at which the tooth buds begin to develop.
4. Cite the age at which each of the primary and permanent teeth erupt.
5. Name the functions of primary teeth.
6. Describe the role of mesial drift as related to eruption.
7. Describe the following periods of dentition:
primary mixed permanent
8. Define the term “congenitally missing”.
9. Describe the rules of eruption in Down’s Syndrome. DHE 121
OCCLUSION
1. Define occlusion, static occlusion, centric occlusion, centric relation, and functional occlusion.
2. Define and describe normal occlusion and its occurrence in the general population.
3. Name, identify and describe three facial profiles.
4. Define:
curve of Spee curve of Wilson sphere of Monson
5. Name, identify and describe the three classifications of malocclusion.
6. Define and describe normal occlusion of primary teeth.
7. Define and describe terminal step and terminal plane.
8. Identify and describe the malrelationships of groups of teeth:
crossbite edge to edge bite end to end bite open bite overjet underjet overbite midline shift
9. Identify and describe the malpositions of individual teeth:
diastema/open contact facioversion linguoversion supraversion torsoversion infraversion
10. Name, identify and describe changes in anatomy due to function.
11. Define terms describing temporomandibular joint dysfunctions:
crepitus subluxation
12. Name, identify and describe oral habits that affect occlusion.
13. Describe how eruption schedule, growth, and ultimate alignment of teeth are related.
DHE 121
SUPPORTING STRUCTURES: THE PERIODONTIUM
1. Identify and describe:
free gingiva gingival sulcus mucogingival junction attached gingiva interdental (gingival) papillae alveolar mucosa free gingiva groove gingival margin gingival fibers
2. Identify and describe the attachment unit of the teeth:
periodontal ligament alveolar bone cementum
3. Identify and describe the groups of gingival and periodontal fibers.
4. Describe the function of the periodontal ligament fibers in tooth movement and shock absorption.
DHE 121
DEVELOPMENT OF OROFACIAL COMPLEX
1. Define:
stomodeum pharyngeal arch premaxilla (primary palate)
2. Name the processes formed from pharygneal arch I.
3. Name, identify and describe the processes forming the upper lip.
4. Name, identify and describe the processes forming the premaxilla.
5. Name, identify and describe the structures formed by the medial nasal processes.
6. Name the structures formed by the maxillary processes.
7. Cite the occurrence of cleft lips and palates.
8. Cite the embryonic age during which a cleft lip may occur.
9. Cite the embryonic age during which a cleft palate may occur.
10. Cite three factors influencing the occurrence of clefts.
DHE 121
DENTAL LAMINA AND ENAMEL ORGAN
1. Define:
dental lamina successional lamina
2. Cite the embryonic age at which tooth development begins.
3. Name the precursor for the tooth buds.
4. Name and describe the three stages of tooth development.
5. Name the four layers of the enamel organ and describe the function of each layer.
6. Describe the dental papilla and dental sac and their functions.
DHE 121
ENAMEL, DENTIN, AND PULP
1. Define:
enamel rod primary enamel cuticle (Nasmyth’s membrane) hypocalcified enamel dentinal tubule primary (regular) dentin secondary dentin reparative dentin pulp stones
2. Name the cell germ layer from which enamel develops.
3. Name the cell germ layer from which dentin and pulp develop.
4. Name the cell layer which produces enamel.
5. Cite the inorganic composition of enamel, dentin, and pulp.
6. Name the two stages of tooth calcification and give the characteristics of each stage.
7. Describe the interrelationship between enamel formation and dentin formation.
8. Describe the components and age changes of the pulp.
DHE 121
ROOT FORMATION AND ATTACHMENT APPARATUS
1. Define:
ameloblast osteoclast osteoblast cementoblast
2. Cite the time at which root formation begins.
3. Cite the inorganic composition of cementum.
4. Name the cell which destroys cementum.
5. Cite the location of cellular and acellular cementum.
6. Describe the reaction of alveolar bone to pressure and tension and how this affects tooth movement.
DHE 121
ERUPTION AND SHEDDING OF TEETH
1. Name and describe the three stages of tooth eruption.
2. Define:
Exfoliation ankylosis
3. Cite the time at which the eruptive stage begins and the posteruptive stage end.
4. Describe the position of the developing permanent teeth in relationship to the primary teeth.
5. Cite the name of the cells that resorb the roots of the primary teeth.
6. Cite three reasons for primary tooth retention. DHE 121
ORAL MUCOUS MEMBRANE
1. Name, identify and describe the three categories of oral mucous membrane.
2. Define keratinized, parakeratinized, and nonkeratinized epithelium and site the locations for each.
DHE 121
THE TONGUE
1. Name, identify and describe the types of papillae of the tongue.
2. Identify and describe lingual tonsils.
3. Identify and describe the papillae containing taste buds.
DHE 121
OSTEOLOGY OF THE SKULL
1. Name, identify, and describe the major bones of the skull.
2. Name, identify, and describe the major parts and landmarks of the mandible.
3. Name, identify, and describe the structures and landmarks of the palate.
4. Name, identify, and describe the major parts and landmarks of the maxilla.
DHE 121
TOOTH IDENTIFICATION
1. Describe the functions and characteristics of the following permanent teeth:
incisors canines premolars molars
DHE 121
INCISORS
1. Cite the number of developmental lobes of the incisors.
2. Define:
mesio-incisal angle cingulum
3. Order the permanent incisors according to size, largest to smallest.
4. Cite the eruption times for the permanent incisors.
5. Describe the approximate crown and root lengths for the permanent incisors.
6. Describe the location of the height of contour for the lingual and facial of the permanent incisors.
7. Identify the smallest tooth in the permanent dentition.
8. Describe the location of the mesial and distal contact areas of the following:
maxillary central incisors maxillary lateral incisors mandibular central incisors mandibular lateral incisors
9. Describe the primary characteristics of the following:
maxillary central incisor maxillary lateral incisor mandibular central incisor mandibular lateral incisor
10. Compare similarities and differences of the permanent incisors.
DHE 121
CANINES
1. Cite the crown and root lengths of the permanent canines.
2. Cite the number of developmental lobes for the canines.
3. Cite the eruption times for the permanent canines.
4. Describe the primary characteristics of the permanent canines.
5. Describe similarities and differences of the maxillary and mandibular canines.
6. Compare the crown length of the maxillary central incisor with that of the maxillary canine.
7. Describe the location of the contact areas of the canines.
8. Name the permanent tooth with the deepest concavity on the mesial surface.
DHE 121
PREMOLARS
1. Cite the crown and root lengths of the permanent premolars.
2. Cite the number of developmental lobes for each premolar.
3. Describe the location of the lingual and buccal height of contour for the permanent premolars.
4. Describe the location of the contact areas of the premolars.
5 Cite the number of roots for each of the permanent premolars.
6. Define afunctional cusp.
7. Describe the primary characteristics of the permanent maxillary first and second premolar and the mandibular first and second premolar.
8. Compare the similarities and differences of the permanent premolars.
DHE 121
MOLARS
1. Define:
Accessional cusp of Carabelli central fossa central developmental pit oblique ridge marginal ridge transverse ridge secondary grooves tertiary (accidental) grooves
2. Describe the location of the height of contour for the buccal and lingual of the molars.
3. Describe the location of the proximal contact areas of the molars.
4. Cite the number and names of the roots of each of the permanent molars.
5. Cite the number and names of the cusps for each of the permanent molars.
6. Describe the identifying characteristics of each of the permanent molars.
DHE 121
DECIDUOUS DENTITION
1. Cite the number of teeth in one arch of the primary dentition. and the total number of teeth In a normal primary dentition.
2. Cite the eruption sequence of the primary dentition.
3. Name the permanent teeth replacing primary teeth.
4. Define occlusal table.
5. Describe the primary differences between primary teeth and permanent teeth.
6. Describe the importance and functions of primary teeth.