Options for Multilateral Initiatives to Close the Global 2030 Climate Ambition and Action Gap - Policy Field Sustainable Food Systems
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Confounding Factors in Discussions About What We Should Eat to Decrease Climate Change and Ensure Sustainable Food for All, Now and in the Future
Discussion document being compiled for Climate Friendly Bradford on Avon (CFBoA). (To be completed.) Ros Edwards, Lead for the CFBoA Sustainable Food and Drink Group 30.07.2019 Draft (Vs 1.3) of Confounding Factors in discussions about what we should eat to decrease climate change and ensure sustainable food for all, now and in the future. What gets in the way of communication and clarity around the issues? Sections: 1. The complexity of the issues P. 2 2. The way that the carbon footprint (CFP) of food is measured 2 3. Difficulty squaring the circle 4 4. Emissions: getting things in perspective 9 • UK Greenhouse Gas Emissions 9 • Other emissions related to the UK food chain not reflected in these figures 11 • Biogenic methane: when does methane count as a greenhouse gas? 12 5. Beans and pulses 15 6. Health recommendations on red meat and some studies into adequate nutrient intake 16 7. Dietary inclusions and exclusions 19 • Opening up the discussion 20 • What about vegetarianism? 21 • What about veganism? 22 • What about pescetarianism? 25 • The beef question 25 • Lab meat 27 8. Grassland versus cropland foods: food security 30 9. What about carbon storage in the soil and the fertility of the soil? 31 10. Land Use 11. Biodiversity 12. Food loss and Food Waste 41 13. Bioenergy 14. Conclusions 1 1) The complexity of the issues. 2) The way that the carbon footprint (CFP) of food is measured. This issue confounds all. It seems that the measures used to assess the carbon footprint almost always show that more intensively produced food is associated with a lower carbon footprint, which leads to a strong suspicion that many factors are not being taken into account. -
Development and Validation of an Index Based on EAT-Lancet Recommendations: the Planetary Health Diet Index
nutrients Article Development and Validation of an Index Based on EAT-Lancet Recommendations: The Planetary Health Diet Index Leandro Teixeira Cacau 1 , Eduardo De Carli 1 , Aline Martins de Carvalho 1 , Paulo Andrade Lotufo 2, Luis A. Moreno 3,4,5 , Isabela Martins Bensenor 2 and Dirce Maria Marchioni 1,* 1 Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil; [email protected] (L.T.C.); [email protected] (E.D.C.); [email protected] (A.M.d.C.) 2 Clinical and Epidemiological Research Center, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; [email protected] (P.A.L.); [email protected] (I.M.B.) 3 Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; [email protected] 4 Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain 5 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The EAT-Lancet Commission has proposed a planetary health diet. We propose the development of the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) based on this proposed reference diet. We used baseline dietary data obtained through a 114-item FFQ from 14,779 participants of the Longitudinal Study on Adult Health, a multicenter cohort study conducted in Brazil. The PHDI has 16 components and a score from 0 to 150 points. Validation and reliability analyses were performed, Citation: Cacau, L.T.; De Carli, E.; de including principal component analyses, association with selected nutrients, differences in means Carvalho, A.M.; Lotufo, P.A.; Moreno, between groups (for example, smokers vs. -
Revista Española De Nutrición Humana Y Dietética Spanish Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Rev Esp Nutr Hum Diet. 2020; 24(1). doi: 10.14306/renhyd.24.1.953 [ahead of print] Freely available online - OPEN ACCESS Revista Española de Nutrición Humana y Dietética Spanish Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics INVESTIGACIÓN versión post-print Esta es la versión aceptada. El artículo puede recibir modificaciones de estilo y de formato. Vegetarian dietary guidelines: a comparative dietetic and communicational analysis of eleven international pictorial representations Guías alimentarias vegetarianas: análisis comparativo dietético y comunicacional de once representaciones gráficas internacionales Chiara Gai Costantinoa*, Luís Fernando Morales Moranteb. a CEU Escuela Internacional de Doctorado, Universitat Abat Oliba CEU. Barcelona, Spain. b Departamento de Publicidad, Relaciones Públicas y Comunicación Audiovisual, Facultad de Ciencias de la Comunicación, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain. * [email protected] Received: 14/10/2019; Accepted: 08/03/2020; Published: 30/03/2020 CITA: Gai Costantino C, Luís Fernando Morales Morante LF. Vegetarian dietary guidelines: a comparative dietetic and communicational analysis of eleven international pictorial representations. Rev Esp Nutr Hum Diet. 2020; 24(1). doi: 10.14306/renhyd.24.1.953 [ahead of print] La Revista Española de Nutrición Humana y Dietética se esfuerza por mantener a un sistema de publicación continua, de modo que los artículos se publican antes de su formato final (antes de que el número al que pertenecen se haya cerrado y/o publicado). De este modo, intentamos p oner los artículos a disposición de los lectores/usuarios lo antes posible. The Spanish Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics strives to maintain a continuous publication system, so that the articles are published before its final format (before the number to which they belong is closed and/or published). -
The Green Protein Report
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY THE GREEN PROTEIN REPORT: MEETING NEW ZEALAND’S CLIMATE CHANGE TARGETS BY 2030 THROUGH REDUCED RELIANCE ON ANIMAL AGRICULTURE THE GREEN PROTEIN REPORT 2020 1 THE GREEN PROTEIN REPORT: MEETING NEW ZEALAND’S CLIMATE CHANGE TARGETS BY 2030 THROUGH REDUCED RELIANCE ON ANIMAL AGRICULTURE ISBN: XXXXXX MARCH 2020 Authored by: Jasmijn de Boo, BSc (Hons), MSc, DipEd, MRSB Prof. Andrew Knight, BSc (Vet Biol), BVMS, MANZCVS, DipECAWBM (AWSEL), DipACAW, PhD, FRCVS, SFHEA PO Box 78111, Grey Lynn, Auckland 1245 Contributions from Michal Klar, Nichola Kriek and Jennifer Riley. New Zealand Designed by Chelsa Sinclair Email: [email protected] Photo credit: Farmwatch www.vegansociety.org.nz 2 THE GREEN PROTEIN REPORT 2020 ABOUT THE VEGAN SOCIETY AOTEAROA NEW ZEALAND The Vegan Society of Aotearoa New Zealand supports and helps to facilitate a vegan lifestyle and plant-based eating. We do this by creating a vibrant, visible and influential community, and by providing resources and information. As a national charity we are the voice of veganism in New Zealand, with a strong media and social media presence. Our goal is to grow veganism in New Zealand by making it easy and desirable. We educate Kiwis about veganism and promote vegan education elsewhere. We encourage the availability of vegan options in institutions such as schools, hospitals and other public facilities throughout the country. We are increasing and supporting business activity around veganism with our Business Membership Scheme, the introduction of New Zealand Vegan Certification and through our Vegan Food Awards, which recognise excellence in the vegan food industry. We also provide a nationwide community support network for vegans and those progressing toward veganism. -
Scientific Update on Plant-Based Eating and Cardiometabolic Health
2020 SCIENTIFIC UPDATE ON PLANT-BASED EATING AND CARDIOMETABOLIC HEALTH Authors: Hana Kahleova, MD, PhD; Nerea Becerra-Tomas, RD, PhD; Sonia Blanco Mejia, MD, MSc; Andrea J Glenn, MSc, RD; Stephanie De Vriese, PhD; David JA Jenkins, MD, PhD; Cyril WC Kendall PhD; Jordi Salas-Salvadó, MD, PhD; John L Sievenpiper MD, PhD September 2020 Affiliations of the authors: Hana Kahleova 1, MD, PhD; Nerea Becerra-Tomas 2-3, RD, PhD; Sonia Blanco Mejia 4-5, MD, MSc; Andrea J Glenn 4-5, MSc, RD; Stephanie De Vriese 6, PhD; David JA Jenkins 4-5, MD, PhD; Cyril WC Kendall 4-5 PhD; Jordi Salas-Salvadó 2-3, MD, PhD; John L Sievenpiper 4-5 MD, PhD 1 Department of Medicine, Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, USA. 2 Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Human Nutrition Unit, Pere Virgili Institute for Health Research (IISPV), University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain 3 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain 4 St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada 5 Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada 6 Alpro Foundation; Ghent, Belgium This review is fully supported by the Scientific Advisory Committee of the Alpro Foundation: Harry Aiking (VU University Amsterdam); Anna Arnoldi (University Milano); Christine Debeuf (Alpro); Peter Clarys (Vrije Universiteit Brussel); Helmut Heseker (University Paderborn); Sander Kersten (University Wageningen); Ian Rowland (University Reading); Cesare Sirtori (University Milano); Bregt Uyttenhove (Alpro) and Kurt Widhalm (University Vienna) Date: September 2020 2 CONTENT Global Health Burden of Cardiometabolic Disease........................................................................................................................ -
Farm Animal Funders Briefings
BRIEFING SERIES February, 2019 v1.0 TABLE OF CONTENTS Smart Giving: Some Fundamentals 2 Supporting Alternative Foods To Farmed Animal Products 4 Veg Advocacy 7 Corporate Campaigns For Welfare Reforms 9 Fishes 12 Legal and Legislative Methods 13 A Global Perspective on Farmed Animal Advocacy 15 Shallow Review: Increasing Donations Through Your Donation 19 2 Smart Giving: Some Fundamentals How Much To Give? There are a number of approaches to how much to give, Why Give? including: For the world: There are over 100 hundred billion farmed animals alive at any moment in conditions that Giving what you don’t need cause severe suffering, that number has been increasing over time and is projected to continue to do so. Consuming animal products is associated with many x % Pledging a set percentage negative health outcomes and animal agriculture is a chief cause of environmental degradation—causing approximately 15% of global greenhouse gas emissions. % Giving to reach a personal best For you: Giving activates the brain’s reward centers, Some people give everything above what is necessary to resulting in increased life satisfaction and happiness. satisfy their needs, in part because of evidence that high levels of income have diminishing returns on wellbeing. How Can We Help Identify Cost-effective Funding Thousands of people (including some of the wealthiest) How To Give? Opportunities? publicly pledge some set percentage for giving. Pledging could increase your commitment to giving, further Effective giving is important because top Farmed Animal Funders release briefings and research connect you with a giving community, and inspire others. giving options are plausibly many times more different promising areas. -
Replacing Animal-Based Proteins with Plant-Based Proteins Changes the Composition of a Whole Nordic Diet—A Randomised Clinical Trial in Healthy Finnish Adults
nutrients Article Replacing Animal-Based Proteins with Plant-Based Proteins Changes the Composition of a Whole Nordic Diet—A Randomised Clinical Trial in Healthy Finnish Adults Essi Päivärinta 1 , Suvi T. Itkonen 1 , Tiina Pellinen 1 , Mikko Lehtovirta 2 , Maijaliisa Erkkola 1 and Anne-Maria Pajari 1,* 1 Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66 (Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; essi.paivarinta@helsinki.fi (E.P.); suvi.itkonen@helsinki.fi (S.T.I.); tiina.pellinen@helsinki.fi (T.P.); maijaliisa.erkkola@helsinki.fi (M.E.) 2 Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; mikko.lehtovirta@helsinki.fi * Correspondence: anne-maria.pajari@helsinki.fi Received: 5 March 2020; Accepted: 26 March 2020; Published: 28 March 2020 Abstract: Increased consumption of plant-based foods and decreased consumption of animal-based foods is recommended for healthy diets and sustainable food production. We investigated the effects of partial replacement of dietary animal proteins with plant-based ones on intake of energy-yielding nutrients, fibre, and plasma lipoproteins. This 12-week randomised clinical intervention comprised 107 women and 29 men (20–69 years) in three diet groups with different dietary protein compositions (“ANIMAL”: Animal 70%/plant 30%; “50/50”: Animal 50%/plant 50%; “PLANT”: Animal 30%/plant 70%; all: Protein intake 17 E%). Nutrient intakes were assessed by 4-day food records. Saturated fat intake (E%) was lower and polyunsaturated fatty acid intake (E%) higher in the PLANT and 50/50 groups compared to the ANIMAL group (p < 0.001 for all). -
Healthy People, Healthy Planet
Sustainable nutrition outlook NATURE SOPHIE CASSON FOR FOR SOPHIE CASSON Healthy people, healthy planet To provide 2050’s estimated 10 billion people with a healthy diet, global eating habits need to become more sustainable. By Chris Woolston very morsel of food from every plate, research. “We need to produce food groups them,” says Johan Rockström, an environmen- bowl and cooking pot around the that are good for health in ways that are restor- tal scientist at Stockholm University. In 2019, world takes a small bite from Earth’s ative to the planet, rather than extractive,” Rockström, Hawkes and other members of an resources. The human diet places says Corinna Hawkes, director of the Centre international group of scientists proposed the a strain on the environment, water for Food Policy at City, University of London. EAT-Lancet diet1, a global meal plan that could, Eresources, biodiversity and just about every The particular foods on the plate will vary from in theory, feed 2050’s estimated population of other measure of planetary health. With so one place to another, she says, but those meals 10 billion people (see ‘Planetary-health diet’). much at stake, researchers have turned their need to add up to something more sustainable That plan called for drastic cuts in meat con- attention to a pressing question: what sort of than society’s current fare. sumption and a much higher intake of fruits diet can the planet realistically support? “When you look carefully at the big sys- and vegetables. But it proved controversial The answer requires insights from fields tems that regulate the stability of our planet, with meat-industry proponents and econ- such as nutrition, agriculture and climate food is a dominant player in essentially all of omists, and the quest for a planetary diet S54 | Nature | Vol 588 | 10 December 2020 ©2020 Spri nger Nature Li mited. -
Masterarbeit / Master's Thesis
MASTERARBEIT / MASTER’S THESIS Titel der Masterarbeit / Title of the Master‘s Thesis „Brave New Meat? Über das sozial-ökologische Potenzial und die Akzeptanz einer In-vitro-Fleischproduktion angesichts wachsender globaler Herausforderungen“ verfasst von / submitted by Julia Pahl Bakk.phil. angestrebter akademischer Grad / in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (MA) Wien, 2020 / Vienna, 2020 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt / UA 066 589 degree programme code as it appears on the student record sheet: Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt / Masterstudium Internationale Entwicklung degree programme as it appears on the student record sheet: Betreut von / Supervisor: Mag.a Mag.a art. Dr.in phil. Sabine Prokop Danksagung Ich danke in erster Linie meinen Eltern, die mir dieses Studium ermöglicht haben, meiner Familie und meinen Freunden für ihre großartige Unterstützung und Ermutigung, vor allem im Zuge des Verfassens dieser Masterarbeit. Mein besonderer Dank gilt Mag.a. Dr.in Sabine Prokop, die mich in meiner Themenauswahl bestärkt und während des gesamten Schreibprozesses unterstützt und begleitet hat. Weiters danke ich allen Teilnehmer*innen der Gruppendiskussion, ohne die das Zustandekommen dieser Arbeit nicht möglich gewesen wäre. Eidesstattliche Erklärung Ich erkläre hiermit an Eides Statt, dass ich die vorliegende Arbeit selbständig und ohne Benutzung anderer als der angegebenen Hilfsmittel angefertigt habe. Die aus fremden Quellen direkt oder indirekt übernommenen Gedanken sind als solche gekennzeichnet. -
Healthy Food for All How Do We Make Healthy Diets Accessible and O
Healthy food for all How do we make healthy diets accessible and o. 39 N affordable for all? ssue I A framework for action 1 Executive Summary More than one-third of the world population is overweight or suffering from hunger,1 proving that our current food system is inefficient and needs urgent transformations. Unhealthy diets exact a high health cost, cause environmental destruction, increase the risk of pandemic outbreaks and lead to massive greenhouse gas emissions and global food insecurity. That is why a shift towards more resilient, healthy and climate-friendly food-systems is urgently needed. This is especially true for countries in the Global North,2 where diets rely excessively on animal-based proteins. Unfortunately, healthy diets are neither accessible nor affordable for more than half of the world population. Governments, the private sector, farmers and consumers must all take action in order to implement transformative and ambitious changes in the food system. A shift to more plant-rich diets and more sustainable agricultural practices is a crucial condition to achieving the SDGs and the Paris Agreement.3 This is only realistic if ample Disclaimer financial incentives from governments and the private sector also are in A United Nations Environment place to help farmers and food producers transition to resilient, healthier Programme (UNEP) publication and more climate-friendly practices. Furthermore, a greater emphasis on series that presents views from providing information and transparency to consumers, so they can make major groups and stakeholders of informed decisions, is crucial to allowing them to play their role in supporting civil society or about issues that are relevant for them. -
Corporate Engagement and Institutional Outreach
Picture by Dragon_Fly, Shutterstock by Dragon_Fly, Picture cvv CORPORATE ENGAGEMENT AND INSTITUTIONAL OUTREACH: AN INTRODUCTORY GUIDE − VERSION 1 A project of the ProVeg International Grants Program. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction 5 II. Why work with corporate businesses and public institutions? The rising demand for plant-based foods 6 Corporations and Institutions – Impact 6 III. Challenges of working with corporations and institutions Challenges faced within your organisation 7 Challenges faced within the corporations or institutions 7 IV. What can we offer? Connection with the community and specific knowledge 9 Providing data 9 Example Persuasion Tactics and Best Practices 10 V. How to start? Identify your partner 11 Example Institutional Targets 12 Find your ally within the company or institution 12 Discuss goals and reach an agreement 13 Example Campaign Aims 13 Make a planned timeline and budget 13 Example Aims, Goals, Objectives 14 Deliver relevant and practical support 15 Communicate your success 16 Assess, evaluate, and improve 16 VI. Extra Tips Connect with a campaign 17 Conduct free training sessions in order to gain experience and generate attention 17 Be prepared for possible criticism from stakeholders 18 VII. Additional resources General Resources 19 Guides on Schools and Universities Outreach 19 Guides on Hospitals Outreach 19 Resources on Restaurants Outreach 19 Public Institutions Outreach Guides 20 Recipes 20 I. INTRODUCTION Chain restaurants, fast-food establishments, catering companies, university canteens, and other large-scale institutions reach millions of consumers on a daily basis and thus offer an impactful opportunity to reduce animal-product consumption. Introducing animal-product alternatives within large-scale corporations or institutions can result in a significant decrease of animal- based products being used. -
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Vol. 7 No. 2, pp. 5–19 November 2020 Perspective “Ditch red meat and dairy, and don’t bother with local food”: The problem with dietary advice aiming to save the planet (and your health) Ryan M Katz-Rosene* University of Ottawa Abstract In recent years, there have been increasing calls for “global dietary transition” in order to save the planet and improve human health. One troubling development associated with this is the attempt to delineate in universal terms what constitutes a sustainable and healthy diet. In this article, I problematize an increasingly popular dietary narrative—one which calls for people to avoid red meat and dairy, and which portrays the local food movement as a romantic distraction. In contrast, I provide evidence for a range of sustainability and health benefits associated with localism and the inclusion of ruminants—the suborder of mammals from which humans derive most of their red meat and dairy—in the food system. Finally, using the neo-colonial subjugation of Indigenous food cultures as an example, I show how universal dietary advice can result in the promotion of culturally-inappropriate foods to the detriment of community health and sustainability. I conclude with a call for a more pluralist and multi-scalar approach to the multifaceted challenges associated with food production and consumption. Keywords: Red meat; dairy; local food; sustainable diets; dietary transition *Corresponding author: [email protected] DOI: 10.15353/cfs-rcea.v7i2.413 ISSN: 2292-3071 5 CFS/RCÉA Katz-Rosene Vol. 7 No. 2, pp. 5–19 November 2020 Introduction In recent years, domestic and international health and environmental authorities have increasingly called for a “global dietary transition” in order to tackle a number of current and foreseen challenges relating to the food system, including food insecurity, various forms of malnutrition, and environmental degradation linked to agricultural production (Searchinger et al., 2019).