The Treatment of Herpes Simplex Virus Epithelial Keratitis

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Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria for Each Key Question

Supplemental Table 1: Inclusion and exclusion criteria for each key question Chronic HBV infection in adults ≥ 18 year old (detectable HBsAg in serum for >6 months) Definition of disease Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 HBV HBV infection with infection and persistent compensated Immunoactive Immunotolerant Seroconverted HBeAg HBV mono-infected viral load cirrhosis with Population chronic HBV chronic HBV from HBeAg to negative population under low level infection infection anti-HBe entecavir or viremia tenofovir (<2000 treatment IU/ml) Adding 2nd Stopped antiviral therapy antiviral drug Interventions and Entecavir compared Antiviral Antiviral therapy compared to continued compared to comparisons to tenofovir therapy therapy continued monotherapy Q1-2: Clinical outcomes: Cirrhosis, decompensated liver disease, HCC and death Intermediate outcomes (if evidence on clinical outcomes is limited or unavailable): HBsAg loss, HBeAg seroconversion and Outcomes HBeAg loss Q3-4: Cirrhosis, decompensated liver disease, HCC, relapse (viral and clinical) and HBsAg loss Q5: Renal function, hypophosphatemia and bone density Q6: Resistance, flare/decompensation and HBeAg loss Q7: Clinical outcomes: Cirrhosis, decompensated liver disease, HCC and death Study design RCT and controlled observational studies Acute HBV infection, children and pregnant women, HIV (+), HCV (+) or HDV (+) persons or other special populations Exclusions such as hemodialysis, transplant, and treatment failure populations. Co treatment with steroids and uncontrolled studies. Supplemental Table 2: Detailed Search Strategy: Ovid Database(s): Embase 1988 to 2014 Week 37, Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non- Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present, EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials August 2014, EBM Reviews - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005 to July 2014 Search Strategy: # Searches Results 1 exp Hepatitis B/dt 26410 ("hepatitis B" or "serum hepatitis" or "hippie hepatitis" or "injection hepatitis" or 2 178548 "hepatitis type B").mp.
Herpes Simplex Virus

HSV Herpes simplex virus HSV (Herpes simplex virus) can be spread when an infected person is producing and shedding the virus. Herpes simplex can be spread through contact with saliva, such as sharing drinks. Symptoms of herpes simplex virus infection include watery blisters in the skin or mucous membranes of the mouth, lips or genitals. Lesions heal with ascab characteristic of herpetic disease. As neurotropic and neuroinvasive viruses, HSV-1 and -2 persist in the body by becoming latent and hiding from the immune system in the cell bodies of neurons. After the initial or primary infection, some infected people experience sporadic episodes of viral reactivation or outbreaks. www.MedChemExpress.com 1 HSV Inhibitors (Z)-Capsaicin 1-Docosanol (Zucapsaicin; Civamide; cis-Capsaicin) Cat. No.: HY-B1583 (Behenyl alcohol) Cat. No.: HY-B0222 (Z)-Capsaicin is the cis isomer of capsaicin, acts 1-Docosanol is a saturated fatty alcohol used as an orally active TRPV1 agonist, and is used in traditionally as an emollient, emulsifier, and the research of neuropathic pain. thickener in cosmetics, and nutritional supplement; inhibitor of lipid-enveloped viruses including herpes simplex. Purity: 99.96% Purity: ≥98.0% Clinical Data: Launched Clinical Data: Launched Size: 10 mM × 1 mL, 10 mg, 50 mg Size: 500 mg 2-Deoxy-D-glucose 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rh2 (2-DG; 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose; D-Arabino-2-deoxyhexose) Cat. No.: HY-13966 Cat. No.: HY-N1401 2-Deoxy-D-glucose is a glucose analog that acts as 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rh2, a matrix a competitive inhibitor of glucose metabolism, metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor, acts as a inhibiting glycolysis via its actions on hexokinase.
National OTC Medicines List

National OTC Medicines List ‐ DraŌ 01 DRAFT National OTC Medicines List Draft 01 Ministry of Public Health of Lebanon This list was prepared under the guidance of His Excellency Minister Waêl Abou Faour andDRAFT the supervision of the Director General Dr. Walid Ammar. Editors Rita KARAM, Pharm D. PhD. Myriam WATFA, Pharm D Ghassan HAMADEH, MD.CPE FOREWORD According to the French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety (ANSM), Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are medicines that are accessible to patients in pharmacies, based on criteria set to safeguard patients’ safety. Due to their therapeutic class, these medicines could be dispensed without physician’s intervention for diagnostic, treatment initiation or maintenance purposes. Moreover, their dosage, treatment period and Package Insert Leaflet should be suitable for OTC classification. The packaging size should be in accordance with the dosage and treatment period. According to ArticleDRAFT 43 of the Law No.367 issued in 1994 related to the pharmacy practice, and the amendment of Articles 46 and 47 by Law No.91 issued in 2010, pharmacists do not have the right to dispense any medicine that is not requested by a unified prescription, unless the medicine is mentioned in a list which is established by pharmacists and physicians’ syndicates. In this regard, the Ministry of Public Health (MoPH) developed the National OTC Medicines List, and presentedit in a scientific, objective, reliable, and accessible listing. The OTC List was developed by a team of pharmacists and physicians from the Ministry of Public Health (MoPH). In order to ensure a safe and effective self- medicationat the pharmacy level, several pharmaceutical categories (e.g.
Malta Medicines List April 08

Defined Daily Doses Pharmacological Dispensing Active Ingredients Trade Name Dosage strength Dosage form ATC Code Comments (WHO) Classification Class Glucobay 50 50mg Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitor - Blood Acarbose Tablet 300mg A10BF01 PoM Glucose Lowering Glucobay 100 100mg Medicine Rantudil® Forte 60mg Capsule hard Anti-inflammatory and Acemetacine 0.12g anti rheumatic, non M01AB11 PoM steroidal Rantudil® Retard 90mg Slow release capsule Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor - Acetazolamide Diamox 250mg Tablet 750mg S01EC01 PoM Antiglaucoma Preparation Parasympatho- Powder and solvent for solution for mimetic - Acetylcholine Chloride Miovisin® 10mg/ml Refer to PIL S01EB09 PoM eye irrigation Antiglaucoma Preparation Acetylcysteine 200mg/ml Concentrate for solution for Acetylcysteine 200mg/ml Refer to PIL Antidote PoM Injection injection V03AB23 Zovirax™ Suspension 200mg/5ml Oral suspension Aciclovir Medovir 200 200mg Tablet Virucid 200 Zovirax® 200mg Dispersible film-coated tablets 4g Antiviral J05AB01 PoM Zovirax® 800mg Aciclovir Medovir 800 800mg Tablet Aciclovir Virucid 800 Virucid 400 400mg Tablet Aciclovir Merck 250mg Powder for solution for inj Immunovir® Zovirax® Cream PoM PoM Numark Cold Sore Cream 5% w/w (5g/100g)Cream Refer to PIL Antiviral D06BB03 Vitasorb Cold Sore OTC Cream Medovir PoM Neotigason® 10mg Acitretin Capsule 35mg Retinoid - Antipsoriatic D05BB02 PoM Neotigason® 25mg Acrivastine Benadryl® Allergy Relief 8mg Capsule 24mg Antihistamine R06AX18 OTC Carbomix 81.3%w/w Granules for oral suspension Antidiarrhoeal and Activated Charcoal
Estonian Statistics on Medicines 2016 1/41

Estonian Statistics on Medicines 2016 ATC code ATC group / Active substance (rout of admin.) Quantity sold Unit DDD Unit DDD/1000/ day A ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM 167,8985 A01 STOMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS 0,0738 A01A STOMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS 0,0738 A01AB Antiinfectives and antiseptics for local oral treatment 0,0738 A01AB09 Miconazole (O) 7088 g 0,2 g 0,0738 A01AB12 Hexetidine (O) 1951200 ml A01AB81 Neomycin+ Benzocaine (dental) 30200 pieces A01AB82 Demeclocycline+ Triamcinolone (dental) 680 g A01AC Corticosteroids for local oral treatment A01AC81 Dexamethasone+ Thymol (dental) 3094 ml A01AD Other agents for local oral treatment A01AD80 Lidocaine+ Cetylpyridinium chloride (gingival) 227150 g A01AD81 Lidocaine+ Cetrimide (O) 30900 g A01AD82 Choline salicylate (O) 864720 pieces A01AD83 Lidocaine+ Chamomille extract (O) 370080 g A01AD90 Lidocaine+ Paraformaldehyde (dental) 405 g A02 DRUGS FOR ACID RELATED DISORDERS 47,1312 A02A ANTACIDS 1,0133 Combinations and complexes of aluminium, calcium and A02AD 1,0133 magnesium compounds A02AD81 Aluminium hydroxide+ Magnesium hydroxide (O) 811120 pieces 10 pieces 0,1689 A02AD81 Aluminium hydroxide+ Magnesium hydroxide (O) 3101974 ml 50 ml 0,1292 A02AD83 Calcium carbonate+ Magnesium carbonate (O) 3434232 pieces 10 pieces 0,7152 DRUGS FOR PEPTIC ULCER AND GASTRO- A02B 46,1179 OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GORD) A02BA H2-receptor antagonists 2,3855 A02BA02 Ranitidine (O) 340327,5 g 0,3 g 2,3624 A02BA02 Ranitidine (P) 3318,25 g 0,3 g 0,0230 A02BC Proton pump inhibitors 43,7324 A02BC01 Omeprazole
Virus-Host Interactomics: New Insights and Opportunities for Antiviral Drug Discovery

de Chassey et al. Genome Medicine 2014, 6:115 http://genomemedicine.com/content/6/11/115 REVIEW Virus-host interactomics: new insights and opportunities for antiviral drug discovery Benoît de Chassey1, Laurène Meyniel-Schicklin1, Jacky Vonderscher1, Patrice André2,3,4 and Vincent Lotteau3,4* Abstract The current therapeutic arsenal against viral infections remains limited, with often poor efficacy and incomplete coverage, and appears inadequate to face the emergence of drug resistance. Our understanding of viral biology and pathophysiology and our ability to develop a more effective antiviral arsenal would greatly benefit from a more comprehensive picture of the events that lead to viral replication and associated symptoms. Towards this goal, the construction of virus-host interactomes is instrumental, mainly relying on the assumption that a viral infection at the cellular level can be viewed as a number of perturbations introduced into the host protein network when viral proteins make new connections and disrupt existing ones. Here, we review advances in interactomic approaches for viral infections, focusing on high-throughput screening (HTS) technologies and on the generation of high-quality datasets. We show how these are already beginning to offer intriguing perspectives in terms of virus-host cell biology and the control of cellular functions, and we conclude by offering a summary of the current situation regarding the potential development of host-oriented antiviral therapeutics. Introduction the virus life-cycle. These proteins
Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption in Europe 2013-2014 SURVEILLANCE REPORT

SURVEILLANCE REPORT SURVEILLANCE REPORT Surveillance of antimicrobial consumption in Europe in Europe consumption of antimicrobial Surveillance Surveillance of antimicrobial consumption in Europe 2013-2014 2012 www.ecdc.europa.eu ECDC SURVEILLANCE REPORT Surveillance of antimicrobial consumption in Europe 2013–2014 This report of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) was coordinated by Klaus Weist. Contributing authors Klaus Weist, Arno Muller, Ana Hoxha, Vera Vlahović-Palčevski, Christelle Elias, Dominique Monnet and Ole Heuer. Data analysis: Klaus Weist, Arno Muller and Ana Hoxha. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the ESAC-Net Disease Network Coordination Committee members (Marcel Bruch, Philippe Cavalié, Herman Goossens, Jenny Hellman, Susan Hopkins, Stephanie Natsch, Anna Olczak-Pienkowska, Ajay Oza, Arjana Tambić Andrasevic, Peter Zarb) and observers (Jane Robertson, Arno Muller, Mike Sharland, Theo Verheij) for providing valuable comments and scientific advice during the production of the report. All ESAC-Net participants and National Coordinators are acknowledged for providing data and valuable comments on this report. The authors also acknowledge Gaetan Guyodo, Catalin Albu and Anna Renau-Rosell for managing the data and providing technical support to the participating countries. Suggested citation: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Surveillance of antimicrobial consumption in Europe, 2013‒2014. Stockholm: ECDC; 2018. Stockholm, May 2018 ISBN 978-92-9498-187-5 ISSN 2315-0955
Cover Malaysia Statistisc on Medicine (Bahagian Depan)

CHAPTER 11 USE OF DERMATOLOGICALS Malaysian Statistics on Medicines 2006 Edited by: Rohna R1, Asmah J2, Roshidah B3 1. Selayang Hospital, 2. Kuala Lumpur Hospital, 3. Melaka Hospital The topical dermatological medicaments included in this study were antifungals, anti-psoriatics, antibiotics, antivirals, corticosteroids, anti-acne agents, hair growth stimulants, depigmenting agents, calcineurin inhibitors and metronidazole. Topical dermatological medicament is the major therapeutic modality used in treating patients with skin disorders. Utilisation is measured as total dose of topical medicament in g/ml/1000 population/day. There is a disparity in the utilisation of dermatological medicaments by public and private health care providers with the latter having access to a larger variety of topical medicaments (Table A). Prescribing only medicaments that are available in the Ministry of Health (MOH) drug formulary by healthcare providers in the public sector is one possible explanation for the disparity. The list of medicaments (Table A) that were utilised only by private healthcare providers was not available in the MOH drug formulary. In the public sector, prescribing of certain dermatological medicaments (e.g. topical anti-acne agents) is only by trained dermatologists and they are few in number. In private sector, the non-dermatologists have access to clindamycin and various other topical anti-acne agents such as adapalene and azelaic acid. The lower usage of the newer but expensive medicaments (e.g. tacrolimus, pimecrolimus, imiquimod and metronidazole) in government healthcare facilities was because of the availability of their cheap and effective equivalents in the MOH drug formulary. In special cases of drug resistance or contraindication, prescribing of dermatological medicaments not in the MOH formulary is permissible after seeking approval from the Director General of Health, Malaysia.
Longitudinal Analysis of the Utility of Liver Biochemistry in Hospitalised COVID-19 Patients As Prognostic Markers

medRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.15.20194985; this version posted September 18, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Longitudinal analysis of the utility of liver biochemistry in hospitalised COVID-19 patients as prognostic markers. Authors: Tingyan Wang1,2*, David A Smith1,3*, Cori Campbell1,2*, Steve Harris1,4, Hizni Salih1, Kinga A Várnai1,3, Kerrie Woods1,3, Theresa Noble1,3, Oliver Freeman1, Zuzana Moysova1,3, Thomas Marjot5, Gwilym J Webb6, Jim Davies1,4, Eleanor Barnes2,3*, Philippa C Matthews3,7*. Affiliations: 1. NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford 2. Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford 3. Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust 4. Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford 5. Oxford Liver Unit, Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals 6. Cambridge Liver Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge 7. Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust *Equal Contributions Corresponding Author: Professor Eleanor Barnes, The Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK. Telephone: 01865 281547. Email: [email protected] Author Contributions: T.W, D.A.S, C.C., P.C.M and E.B contributed equally to this work. T.W, D.A.S and C.C performed the data analysis and wrote the manuscript and were supervised by E.B, P.C.M and J.D.
Estonian Statistics on Medicines 2013 1/44

Estonian Statistics on Medicines 2013 DDD/1000/ ATC code ATC group / INN (rout of admin.) Quantity sold Unit DDD Unit day A ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM 146,8152 A01 STOMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS 0,0760 A01A STOMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS 0,0760 A01AB Antiinfectives and antiseptics for local oral treatment 0,0760 A01AB09 Miconazole(O) 7139,2 g 0,2 g 0,0760 A01AB12 Hexetidine(O) 1541120 ml A01AB81 Neomycin+Benzocaine(C) 23900 pieces A01AC Corticosteroids for local oral treatment A01AC81 Dexamethasone+Thymol(dental) 2639 ml A01AD Other agents for local oral treatment A01AD80 Lidocaine+Cetylpyridinium chloride(gingival) 179340 g A01AD81 Lidocaine+Cetrimide(O) 23565 g A01AD82 Choline salicylate(O) 824240 pieces A01AD83 Lidocaine+Chamomille extract(O) 317140 g A01AD86 Lidocaine+Eugenol(gingival) 1128 g A02 DRUGS FOR ACID RELATED DISORDERS 35,6598 A02A ANTACIDS 0,9596 Combinations and complexes of aluminium, calcium and A02AD 0,9596 magnesium compounds A02AD81 Aluminium hydroxide+Magnesium hydroxide(O) 591680 pieces 10 pieces 0,1261 A02AD81 Aluminium hydroxide+Magnesium hydroxide(O) 1998558 ml 50 ml 0,0852 A02AD82 Aluminium aminoacetate+Magnesium oxide(O) 463540 pieces 10 pieces 0,0988 A02AD83 Calcium carbonate+Magnesium carbonate(O) 3049560 pieces 10 pieces 0,6497 A02AF Antacids with antiflatulents Aluminium hydroxide+Magnesium A02AF80 1000790 ml hydroxide+Simeticone(O) DRUGS FOR PEPTIC ULCER AND GASTRO- A02B 34,7001 OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GORD) A02BA H2-receptor antagonists 3,5364 A02BA02 Ranitidine(O) 494352,3 g 0,3 g 3,5106 A02BA02 Ranitidine(P)
Antiviral Drugs and Their Toxicities Review Article

Review Article Antiviral Drugs and Their Toxicities Muhammed Ekmekyapar1, Şükrü Gürbüz2 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Malatya Education and Research Hospital, Malatya, Turkey 2 Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey Abstract Developments in antiviral agents have led to significant progress in the treatment of infections caused by herpes simplex virus 1-2, varicella-zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus, influenza A and B, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). There are several antiviral drug therapies that are widely used today. These antiviral drugs are examined under four main headings: drugs effective against influenza viruses, drugs effective against herpes viruses, anti-HIV drugs and immunomodulators in antiviral therapy. Toxicities of these drugs are also examined in four main headings: toxicity of drugs that are effective against herpes viruses, toxicity of drugs effective against influenza viruses, toxicity of antiretroviral drugs and toxicity of other antiviral agents. Under these main headings, antiviral drugs and toxicities of these drugs will be analyzed in more detail. The side effects and toxicities of these drugs should be well known and if such a situation is encountered, it would be more appropriate to choose another antiviral treatment that may have less side effects and toxicity for the patient if necessary. Key words: Antiviral drugs, side effects, toxicity Özet Antiviral ajanlardaki gelişmeler, herpes simpleks virüs 1-2, varisella-zoster virüs, sitomegalovirüs, influenza A ve B ve insan immün yetmezlik (HIV) virüsü kaynaklı enfeksiyonların tedavisinde önemli ilerleme sağlamıştır. Günümüzde yaygın olarak kullanılan çeşitli antiviral ilaç tedavileri vardır. Bu antiviral ilaçlar dört ana başlık altında incelenir: influenza virüslerine karşı etkili ilaçlar, herpes virüslerine karşı etkili ilaçlar, anti-HIV ilaçları ve antiviral tedavide kullanılan immünomodülatörler.
View U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US-2020-0056988

1111111111111111 IIIIII IIIII 1111111111 11111 11111 111111111111111 IIIII IIIII IIIIII IIII 11111111 US 20200056988Al c19) United States c12) Patent Application Publication c10) Pub. No.: US 2020/0056988 Al Butz et al. (43) Pub. Date: Feb. 20, 2020 (54) METHOD OF DETERMINING THE Publication Classification EFFICACY OF ANTIMICROBIALS (51) Int. Cl. GOIN 2113504 (2006.01) (71) Applicant: Wisconsin Alumni Research GOIN 33/497 (2006.01) Foundation, Madison, WI (US) (52) U.S. Cl. CPC ....... GOIN 2113504 (2013.01); GOIN 33/497 (72) Inventors: Daniel Elmer Butz, Madison, WI (US); (2013.01) Ann P. O'Rourke, Madison, WI (US); Mark E. Cook, Madison, WI (US) (57) ABSTRACT A method of determining efficacy of an antimicrobial treat ment in a subject includes calculating a breath delta value (21) Appl. No.: 16/540,627 (BDV) for each of at least six breath samples acquired from the subject over a 24 hour period starting from when the subject has been administered the antimicrobial treatment, (22) Filed: Aug. 14, 2019 calculating a mean standard deviation of BDV (SD BDV) across the six or more breath samples; and determining that the antimicrobial treatment is effective when the SD BDV is Related U.S. Application Data less than or equal to 0.46, or determining that the antimi crobial treatment is ineffective when the SD BDV is greater (60) Provisional application No. 62/764,874, filed on Aug. than 0.46. Also included are methods of treating a subject in 16, 2018. need of antimicrobial treatment. r Ass~sse~.f~;·el;~!~i!lt;·~n~~·~1)···· i ,, --~----·--··--···············r··············•······-·······•_.•.•.•.•_.•.•.•.•_J________ ___.........,., ; Excluded (no:299) r- ➔@!~;;;:~=:· ~··· Consented for partidpatfon {ir=32) Wi!hdrawn: • Exdusionary Criteria (ri=3) • Withdrawn by lnve.stigator(n"'2) Analyzed {n:=27) , Excluded from analysis {inadequate breath samples} {n=7} • 20 Subjects Anaiyze<l: o 13 Male; 7 Femi.lie o 76.2% Caucasian: VU% African American: 9.5% Other o 19% 18-35 yfo; 33_3% 36-54 yfo; 33.3% 55-73 yfo: i4.3 74+ yto Patent Application Publication Feb.