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INUVIALUIT LANGUAGE and IDENTITY: PERSPECTIVES on the SYMBOLIC MEANING of INUVIALUKTUN in the CANADIAN WESTERN ARCTIC by Alexand
INUVIALUIT LANGUAGE AND IDENTITY: PERSPECTIVES ON THE SYMBOLIC MEANING OF INUVIALUKTUN IN THE CANADIAN WESTERN ARCTIC by Alexander C. Oehler B.A., University of Northern British Columbia, 2010 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF NORTHERN BRITISH COLUMBIA July 2012 © Alexander C. Oehler, 2012 Abstract: The revitalization of ancestral languages has been an issue of great concern to Aboriginal communities across North America for several decades. More recently, this concern has also found a voice in educational policy, particularly in regions where Aboriginal land claims have been ratified, and where public schools fall under a mandate to offer curricula that meet the needs of Aboriginal students. This research seeks to explore the cultural significance of Inuvialuktun, a regional Inuit language comprised of three distinct dialects traditionally spoken by the Inuvialuit of the northern Northwest Territories, Canada. More specifically, the research seeks to examine the role of current Inuvialuktun language revitalization efforts in the establishment of Inuvialuit collective and individual identities across several age groups. Tying into the sociolinguistic discourse on ancestral language revitalization in North America, the research seeks to contribute a case study from a region underrepresented in the literature on language and identity. The applied aim of the study is to provide better insight on existing language ideologies and language attitudes subscribed to by current and potential learners of Inuvialuktun in the community of Inuvik, NWT. Data obtained by the study is intended to aid local and territorial language planners in identifying potential obstacles and opportunities regarding language learner motivation. -
Meaningful Consultation, Meaningful Participants and Meaning Making: Inuvialuit Perspectives on the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline and the Climate Crisis
Meaningful Consultation, Meaningful Participants and Meaning Making: Inuvialuit Perspectives on the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline and the Climate Crisis by Letitia Pokiak BA Anthropology, from the University of Alberta, 2003 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of Anthropology © Letitia Pokiak, 2020 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This Thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. We acknowledge with respect the Lekwungen peoples on whose traditional territory the university stands and the Songhees, Esquimalt and WSÁNEĆ peoples whose historical relationships with the land continue to this day. Supervisory Committee Meaningful Consultation, Meaningful Participants and Meaning Making: Inuvialuit Perspectives on the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline and the Climate Crisis by Letitia Pokiak BA ANTHROPOLOGY, from the University of Alberta, 2003 Supervisory Committee Dr. Brian Thom, Department of Anthropology Supervisor Dr. Robert Hancock, Department of Anthropology Departmental Member ii Abstract This Inuvialuit ‘story’ revolves around the Inuvialuit uprising and resurgence against government and industrial encroachment, and the self determination efforts to regain sovereignty of traditional territories. This ‘story’ also discusses how meaningful consultation made the Inuvialuit Final Agreement a reality, through which Inuvialuit land rights and freedoms were formally acknowledged and entrenched in the Canadian Constitution. Through meaningful consultation, Inuvialuit have become ‘meaningful participants’ in sustainable and future-making decisions of Inuvialuit nunangat (Inuvialuit lands) and waters, with respect to the Inuvialuit People and natural beings that Inuvialuit depend upon and maintain relationship with. As ‘meaningful participants’, Inuvialuit have the sovereign rights to “make meaning” and carve out a future as a sovereign nation within the country of Canada. -
The Evolution of Inuvialuit Identity in the Modern
inuvialuit rising: the evolution of inuvialuit identity in the modern era Natasha Lyons Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; [email protected] abstract The Inuvialuit of the western Canadian Arctic were recognized by the government of Canada as the traditional owners and formal stewards of their territory by the Inuvialuit Final Agreement of 1984. During the pursuit of this claim, its progenitors replaced the Western term ‘Mackenzie Inuit’ with the Inuvialuktun term ‘Inuvialuit’ as the collective identifier of the seven or eight traditional groups of the Mackenzie/Beaufort region. The relationships between these groups, and their notions of collectiv- ity, have a rich and complex history. This paper traces the evolution of Inuvialuit social and cultural identity from precontact times through the modern era. The primary focus, however, is on the forces and influences that have helped to shape contemporary Inuvialuit culture, society, and identity in the twentieth century. keywords: Inuvialuit, identity, community-based research, land claims, Mackenzie River The Inuvialuit are the Inuit of the western Canadian Arctic. in exploring the forces and influences that have helped They have lived along the lower reaches of the Mackenzie to shape the Inuvialuit as a group and how these have River and adjacent coastlines bordering the Beaufort Sea changed over the course of contact history. Identity, as for much longer than recorded in historical documents or discussed below, is a sociopolitical and cultural concept oral history. Their ownership and stewardship of this terri- that has been defined in many ways. I use both the sin- tory was formally recognized by the government of Canada gular ‘identity’ and plural ‘identities’ throughout this in the Inuvialuit Final Agreement of 1984. -
Detecting the Effects of a Covert Ap Layer in Polysynthetic Words in Inuit
DetectingtheEffectsofaCovertaPLayerin PolysyntheticWordsinInuit RichardCompton 1. Introduction A central goal of syntactic research is to discover which properties of language are universal and which are subject to variation. While there is obviously a great deal of debate as to what specifically is universal and what varies, Evans & Levinson (2009) have made the rather bold claim that linguistic universals are a myth and that Universal Grammar (UG) does not exist. Among their arguments is the claim that lexical categories are not universal. Specifically, they point to Salish as an example of a language that lacks a categorial distinctions; in particular, the noun-verb distinction. While Mathewson (2013:329) points out that this characterization of Salish is incorrect, citing evidence for distinguishing nouns and verbs, this still leaves open the possibility that other languages could validate their claim. In addition to nouns and verbs, another potential universal lexical category is that of adjectives. Baker (2004) and Dixon (2004) have both claimed that all languages possess an adjective class. And yet, many languages are still described as lacking adjectives, including Inuit. I argue here that Inuit data provide evidence for distinguishing a class of verb-like adjectives: adjectives masquerading as verbs. I also briefly discuss some implications regarding UG and the identification of lexical categories. 2. Background 2.1. Polysynthesis Inuit (Eskimo-Aleut) is a highly polysynthetic language in which verbal complexes can contain an array of optional elements corresponding to modals, adverbials, and restructuring verbs, in addition to often obligatory elements such as tense, mood, and agreement, as illustrated below. (1) Puijjuraa(q)-gunna(q)-ngaa(q)-lauq-sima-nngit-tu-q. -
Coastal Ecological Survey of Sachs Harbour, NT
Coastal Ecological Survey of Sachs Harbour, NT Darcy G. McNicholl, Kevin Gully, and Karen M. Dunmall Fisheries and Oceans Canada Central and Arctic Region 501 University Crescent Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6 2019 Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 3325 1 Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Technical reports contain scientific and technical information that contributes to existing knowledge but which is not normally appropriate for primary literature. Technical reports are directed primarily toward a worldwide audience and have an international distribution. No restriction is placed on subject matter and the series reflects the broad interests and policies of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, namely, fisheries and aquatic sciences. Technical reports may be cited as full publications. The correct citation appears above the abstract of each report. Each report is abstracted in the data base Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts. Technical reports are produced regionally but are numbered nationally. Requests for individual reports will be filled by the issuing establishment listed on the front cover and title page. Numbers 1-456 in this series were issued as Technical Reports of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. Numbers 457-714 were issued as Department of the Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service, Research and Development Directorate Technical Reports. Numbers 715-924 were issued as Department of Fisheries and Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service Technical Reports. The current series name was changed with report number 925. Rapport technique canadien des sciences halieutiques et aquatiques Les rapports techniques contiennent des renseignements scientifiques et techniques qui constituent une contribution aux connaissances actuelles, mais qui ne sont pas normalement appropriés pour la publication dans un journal scientifique. -
Bankslanders Knowledge and Indicators of Polar Bear Population Health
University of Alberta Knowing Nanuut: Bankslanders knowledge and indicators of polar bear population health by Daniel V. W. Slavik A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Rural Sociology Department of Resource Economics and Environmental Sociology © Daniel Slavik Fall 2013 Edmonton, Alberta Permission is hereby granted to the University of Alberta Libraries to reproduce single copies of this thesis and to lend or sell such copies for private, scholarly or scientific research purposes only. Where the thesis is converted to, or otherwise made available in digital form, the University of Alberta will advise potential users of the thesis of these terms. The author reserves all other publication and other rights in association with the copyright in the thesis and, except as herein before provided, neither the thesis nor any substantial portion thereof may be printed or otherwise reproduced in any material form whatsoever without the author's prior written permission. In memory of: Andy Carpenter Sr. & Geddes Wolki Sr. Abstract Polar bears (Ursus maritimus, Nanuut) are a culturally and economically important species to the Inuvialuit. As a result of climate change, the Arctic is experiencing rapid ecological changes with the potential for profound impacts on polar bear populations. The objectives of the thesis were to document Inuvialuit knowledge of polar bear population health and to identify the indicators used by Inuvialuit to assess polar bear health. Using community-based participatory research methodologies, participant observation, and semi-directed interviews with twenty-seven locally identified community experts and knowledge holders from Sachs Harbour, NWT, this thesis documents Inuvialuit knowledge of polar bear population health within seven categories of indicators: body condition and behavior; breeding success; diet and feeding behaviors; distribution and movements; habitat conditions; population abundance; and unique observations. -
Applying Community-Based Approaches to an Archaeology of Banks Island, NWT
Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 10-12-2016 12:00 AM There Is More Than One Way to Do Something Right: Applying Community-Based Approaches to an Archaeology of Banks Island, NWT Laura Elena Kelvin The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Lisa Hodgetts The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in Anthropology A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Doctor of Philosophy © Laura Elena Kelvin 2016 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Other Anthropology Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Kelvin, Laura Elena, "There Is More Than One Way to Do Something Right: Applying Community-Based Approaches to an Archaeology of Banks Island, NWT" (2016). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 4168. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/4168 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract This dissertation explores how historical knowledge is produced and maintained within the Inuvialuit (Western Arctic Inuit) community of Sachs Harbour, NWT, to determine how archaeological research can best complement and respect Inuvialuit understandings and ways of knowing the past. When archaeologists apply Indigenous knowledges to their research they often have limited understandings of how these knowledges work, and may apply them inadequately or inappropriately. I employ an archaeological ethnographic approach to help Ikaahukmiut (people with ties to Banks Island, NWT) articulate to archaeologists how they construct their knowledge of Banks Island’s past. -
Two Uummarmiutun Modals – Including a Brief Comparison with Utkuhikšalingmiutut Cognates*
Two Uummarmiutun modals – including a brief comparison with Utkuhikšalingmiutut cognates* Signe Rix Berthelin Norwegian University of Science and Technology The paper is concerned with the meaning of two modal postbases in Uummarmiutun, hungnaq ‘probably’ and ȓukȓau ‘should’. Uummarmiutun is an Inuktut dialect spoken in the Western Arctic. The analyses are founded on knowledge shared by native speakers of Uummarmiutun. Their statements and elaborations are quoted throughout the paper to show how they have explained the meaning nuances of modal expressions in their language. The paper also includes a comparison with cognates in Utkuhikšalingmiutut, which belongs to the eastern part of the Western Canadian dialect group (Dorais, 2010). Using categories from Cognitive Functional Linguistics (Boye, 2005, 2012), the paper shows which meanings are covered by hungnaq and ȓukȓau. This allows us to discover subtle differences between the meanings of Uummarmiutun hungnaq and ȓukȓau and their Utkuhikšalingmiutut cognates respectively. 1 Introduction Modal meaning is highly abstract and context dependent. Among other things, modal expressions are used to talk about how likely it is that something is the case, as well as obligations: (1) a. Hialugungnaqtuq hialuk-hungnaq-tuq rain-hungnaq- IND.3.SG2 i. ‘It must be raining’ ii. ‘It might be raining’ b. Ann must be in court. i. ‘It is highly likely that Ann is in court’ ii. ‘Ann is obliged to be in court’ (Groefsema, 1995: 53) * The knowledge about Uummarmiutun presented in this paper belongs to Panigavluk, Mangilaluk and the late Kavakłuk. Thanks also to the TWPL editors and two anonymous reviewers who have contributed to the quality of this paper. -
Draft Species Status Report for Polar Bear (Ursus Maritimus) in the Northwest Territories
Draft Species Status Report for Polar Bear Ursus maritimus Nanuq Chehzhìi’/chehzhyèe’ IN THE NORTHWEST TERRITORIES ASSESSMENT – TO BE DETERMINED MAY 2020 Draft Status of Polar Bear in the NWT 1 Species at Risk Committee status reports are working documents used in assigning the status of species suspected of being at risk in the Northwest Territories (NWT). Suggested citation: Species at Risk Committee. 2020. Draft Species Status Report for Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) in the Northwest Territories. Species at Risk Committee, Yellowknife, NT. © Government of the Northwest Territories on behalf of the Species at Risk Committee ISBN: To be completed Production note: The drafts of this report were prepared by Dan Slavik (Indigenous and community knowledge component) and Dr. Philip McLoughlin (scientific knowledge component), under contract with the Government of the Northwest Territories, and edited by Claire Singer, Species at Risk Implementation Supervisor, Species at Risk Secretariat. For additional copies contact: Species at Risk Secretariat c/o SC6, Department of Environment and Natural Resources P.O. Box 1320 Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9 Tel.: (855) 783-4301 (toll free) Fax.: (867) 873-0293 E-mail: [email protected] www.nwtspeciesatrisk.ca ABOUT THE SPECIES AT RISK COMMITTEE The Species at Risk Committee was established under the Species at Risk (NWT) Act. It is an independent committee of experts responsible for assessing the biological status of species at risk in the NWT. The Committee uses the assessments to make recommendations on the listing of species at risk. The Committee uses objective biological criteria in its assessments and does not consider socio-economic factors. -
The Semantics and Pragmatics of Uummarmiutun Modals.Pdf
Doctoral theses at NTNU, 2017:345 Signe Rix Berthelin Signe Rix Berthelin The Semantics and Pragmatics oral thesis oral of Uummarmiutun Modals Doct ISBN 978-82-326-2758-5 (printed ver.) ISBN 978-82-326-2759-2 (electronic ver.) ISSN 1503-8181 Doctoral theses at NTNU, 2017:345 NTNU Philosophiae Doctor Philosophiae Faculty of Humanities Faculty Thesis for the Degree of the Degree Thesis for Department of Language and Literature egian University of Science and Technology of Science egian University Norw Signe Rix Berthelin The Semantics and Pragmatics of Uummarmiutun Modals Thesis for the Degree of Philosophiae Doctor Trondheim, January 2017 Norwegian University of Science and Technology Faculty of Humanities Department of Language and Literature NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology Thesis for the Degree of Philosophiae Doctor Faculty of Humanities Department of Language and Literature © Signe Rix Berthelin ISBN 978-82-326-2758-5 (printed ver.) ISBN 978-82-326-2759-2 (electronic ver.) ISSN 1503-8181 Doctoral theses at NTNU, 2017:345 Printed by NTNU Grafisk senter For my grandmothers: Tove Carstensen and Inger Margrethe Rix Acknowledgements First and foremost I want to thank Panigavluk, Mangilaluk and the late for teaching me about Uummarmiutun. I also want to express my gratitude to Mimirlina, Agnagullak and Suvvatchiaq for teaching me about their language. Moreover, they all shared stories and advice, and Mimirlina taught me to sew with sealskin. was a very popular and well-respected teacher. It was an honor to meet her, and I am forever grateful to her for the stories and wisdom of life she shared during our meetings. -
A Faunal Analysis of Okrn-1, Banks Island, N.W.T
Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 6-15-2016 12:00 AM Variability in Thule Inuit Subsistence Economy: A Faunal Analysis of OkRn-1, Banks Island, N.W.T. Kathryn Kotar The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Lisa Hodgetts The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in Anthropology A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Master of Arts © Kathryn Kotar 2016 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Recommended Citation Kotar, Kathryn, "Variability in Thule Inuit Subsistence Economy: A Faunal Analysis of OkRn-1, Banks Island, N.W.T." (2016). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 3776. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/3776 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract This thesis presents a zooarchaeological analysis of animal remains recovered from a late Thule qarmaq at the OkRn-1 archaeological site (ca. 1450 – 1650 AD) on Banks Island, N.W.T. The main objectives were to: 1) document animal exploitation in the qarmaq; 2) determine the season of occupation of the qarmaq; 3) assess change in Thule subsistence strategies on Banks Island over time; 4) identify similarities/differences between OkRn-1 and contemporary sites in the western Canadian Arctic. Ringed seal was the dietary staple of the qarmaq and Arctic fox were exploited for their pelts. The presence of migratory species and the demographic profile of ringed seals suggest that the qarmaq was occupied in the late winter, spring, and fall. -
Hornaday River Arctic Charr
DFO Science Central and Arctic Region Stock Status Report D5-68 (1999) Amundsen Gulf Pearce Point Parry Peninsula Darnley Bay Hornaday River Arctic Charr Tuktut Nogait B roc National Argo k Bay Park R ek iver re t C k s e Paulatuk ir e F r Background C d Seven n Islands Lake o c k Anadromous Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (Lin- e e Private S e Ho Water Cr rn naeus), occur in the Hornaday River downstream of Lands a Gauge a k da kl y Site A La Roncière Falls (Reist et. al. 1997). Non- C o a La Ronciere y Ge lm in River Falls anadromous Arctic charr are also found in lakes m ek o e m C re rge u C reek draining to the Hornaday mainstream, such as Seven R Rummy Islands Lake and Rummy Lake (Figure 1). Lake This stock provides an important source of charr for Figure 1. The lower Hornaday River. the residents of Paulatuk, an Inuvialuit community located 350 km northeast of Inuvik, NT. Charr have been harvested by residents of Paulatuk since the Summary community was first settled in the 1940’s, and con- • tinue to be harvested for food to the present day. In the early 1980’s, fishers noticed a Commercial fishing at the Hornaday began in 1968 change in their catch of Arctic charr at and continued through 1986. Declines in the com- the Hornaday River, and this was sup- mercial catches and a reduction in catch-per-unit- ported by the available biological data.