DOCSLIB.ORG

From Inuvialuit and Nanuq: a Polar Bear Traditional Knowledge Study

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
From Inuvialuit and Nanuq: a Polar Bear Traditional Knowledge Study Inuvialuit and Nanuq A Polar Bear Traditional Knowledge Study INuvialuit Settlement regIoN 2015 Inuvialuit and Nanuq A Polar Bear Traditional Knowledge Study mArch 2015 copyright: 2015 Joint Secretariat, Inuvik, NWT citation: Joint Secretariat. 2015. Inuvialuit and Nanuq: A Polar Bear Traditional Knowledge Study. Joint Secretariat, Inuvialuit Settlement region. xx + 304 pp. cover photos: Front cover: Peter esau going home with polar bear, Sachs harbour, october 20, 1957. NWT Archives, robert c. Knights fonds, N-1993-002: 0096 Available from: Joint Secretariat P.o. Box 2120 Inuvik, NWT, canada X0e 0T0 and online at www.wmacns.ca Contents Dedication .................................................................................................................................vii Foreword ................................................................................................................................... ix report summary ........................................................................................................................xii Notes to readers .......................................................................................................................xiv Acknowledgements...................................................................................................................xvi Intellectual property ................................................................................................................ xviii english language glossary ....................................................................................................... xviii Abbreviations............................................................................................................................xix Section 1. Introduction 1 Box 1. The Inuvialuit ........................................................................................................2 1.1 Study objectives ................................................................................................................2 1.2 Methods overview .............................................................................................................5 Section 2. Inuvialuit traditional knowledge related to polar bears 8 2.1 Knowledge sources and ways of knowing ..........................................................................8 Box 2. other Arctic animals .............................................................................................18 2.2 Geographic extent of Inuvialuit PBTK ..............................................................................26 2.3 How Inuvialuit harvest polar bears ...................................................................................29 2.4 Polar bear hunting season ...............................................................................................43 2.5 Effects of changing ice conditions on Inuvialuit ice use and PBTK ...................................44 2.6 Effects of changes in Inuvialuit economics, culture and ice use on PBTK .........................47 Section 3. The world of the polar bear 50 3.1 The mind of the polar bear ..............................................................................................51 3.2 Sea ice conditions associated with polar bears .................................................................53 Box 3. english-language and Inuvialuktun terms .............................................................54 3.3 Distribution of polar bears and locations of abundance ....................................................71 3.4 Interactions with other animals ........................................................................................89 3.5 What polar bears eat .......................................................................................................94 3.6 Polar bears eating other polar bears ..............................................................................103 3.7 How polar bears hunt ....................................................................................................105 3.8 Polar bear condition ......................................................................................................120 Box 4. Polar Bear Score card ........................................................................................120 3.9 Reproduction ................................................................................................................131 3.10 Causes of death ............................................................................................................156 3.11 Male polar bear denning ...............................................................................................159 Section 4. Climate change observations 161 4.1 Changing sea ice and weather conditions ......................................................................162 4.2 Freeze-up and break-up ...............................................................................................168 4.3 Winds, currents and bad and unpredictable weather .....................................................170 Section 5. Are there changes in abundance, distribution or condition? 173 5.1 Interpretation ................................................................................................................173 5.2 Polar bear condition ......................................................................................................177 5.3 Polar bear abundance ...................................................................................................180 5.4 Polar bear distribution ...................................................................................................184 5.5 Seals as a food source ..................................................................................................191 5.6 Climate change effects on polar bears ...........................................................................193 5.7 Summary ......................................................................................................................197 Section 6. The importance of polar bears to the Inuvialuit 198 6.1 Economic importance ...................................................................................................198 Box 5. guided sport hunting .........................................................................................200 6.2 Cultural importance ......................................................................................................202 Section 7. Closing discussion 211 7.1 Inuvialuit knowledge of polar bears ................................................................................211 7.2 Potential management applications of Inuvialuit PBTK ...................................................212 7.3 Future documentation of PBTK ....................................................................................215 Endnotes 217 Appendices 233 Appendix 1. PBTK study methods statement ...........................................................................233 Appendix 2. PBTK study methods statement — spatial data ....................................................264 Appendix 3. change-related questions asked during the interviews .........................................268 Appendix 4. english and Inuvialuktun vocabulary ....................................................................271 Appendix 5. Polar bear “management” ...................................................................................275 Appendix 6. Brief chronology of polar bear management in the ISr .........................................290 endnotes to appendices..........................................................................................................293 References 298 List of tables 1. Pros and cons of dogs and dog teams versus snowmobiles 38 2. Months when polar bears were harvested 44 3. Months when polar bears were harvested, 1988–97 44 4. Inland locations where TKhs saw polar bears and/or their tracks 88 5. TKhs who participated in the 2013 Inuvik workshop 174 6. Bullet summaries of the oPTs, by community, extracted from the interview transcripts 175 A1. Community co-researchers and youth participants 234 A2. Inuvik TKhs interviewed for the PBTK study 236 A3. Ulukhaktok TKhs interviewed for the PBTK study 237 A4. Aklavik TKhs interviewed for the PBTK study 237 A5. Sachs harbour TKhs interviewed for the PBTK study 237 A6. Paulatuk TKhs interviewed for the PBTK study 238 A7. Tuktoyaktuk TKhs interviewed for the PBTK study 238 A8. Nodes, associated codes and their description 239 A9. PBTK study: division of labour regarding tasks and responsibilities. 243 A10. english and Inuvialuktun vocabulary related to polar bears 271 A11. english and Inuvialuktun vocabulary related to seals and other animals 272 A12. english and Inuvialuktun vocabulary related to ice and related sea states 274 INuvialuit and Nanuq: PolAr BeAr Traditional KNoWleDge v List of maps 1. PBTK study area 4 2. Location where PIN 26 saw a maternity den, mother and two cubs while working as a wildlife monitor 20 3. A tagged bear that travelled from churchill, manitoba, to Nelson head was harvested near Tuktoyaktuk 25 4. A tagged bear travelled from north of Banks Island to cape Parry in one day 26 5. Geographic extent of Inuvialuit PBTK as documented in TKh map biographies 27 6. A TKh tracked a polar bear for 16 hours along a pressure ridge 31 7. A former polar bear harvest area that is no longer used due to open water 46 8. A predictable
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Resource Collection for High Ability Secondary Learners 2011
    Resource Collection for High Ability Secondary Learners Office of Gifted Education Montgomery County Public Schools 2011 - 2012 Table of Contents 2011 – 2012 Materials for High Ability Secondary Students How to Order .................................................................................................................................. 3 Professional Resources for Teachers .............................................................................................. 4 Differentiation ............................................................................................................................. 4 Assessment .................................................................................................................................. 5 Learning Styles and Multiple Intelligences ................................................................................ 6 Curriculum, Strategies and Techniques ...................................................................................... 7 Miscellaneous ............................................................................................................................. 9 English ...................................................................................................................................... 10 Mathematics .............................................................................................................................. 13 History......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Public Update: March 23, 2020 Current Procedure
    PUBLIC UPDATE: MARCH 23, 2020 Over the weekend, Town Administration, Staff, & Leadership have been involved in extensive communication and planning with our regional Government of the Northwest Territories personnel and administration. While we are responding to the evolving situation, our main focus has been on our procedure to how Inuvik will receive, monitor, house, & feed those returning to Inuvik from one of the smaller regional communities or those who do not have an adequate space at home to fulfill the requirements for the 14 days of required self-isolation. As you are now aware, the Chief Health Officer and the Government of the Northwest Territories now requires every person entering the Territory (including residents) to self-isolate for 14 days. Further to this, the GNWT requires those required to self-isolate to do so in one of the larger designated centres: Hay River, Yellowknife, Inuvik or Fort Smith. CURRENT PROCEDURE FOR THOSE ENTERING INUVIK BY ROAD OR BY AIR All persons returning to Inuvik from outside the Territory, by road or by air are now being screened at the point of entry. Whether you enter Inuvik via the Dempster Highway or the Inuvik Airport, you will be screened and directed in the following ways: 1. If you have not already, you are required to complete and submit a self-isolation plan to the GNWT. Link to Self-Isolation Plan Form Here. 2. If you are an Inuvik resident and are able to self-isolate at home, you will be directed to proceed directly to your home and stay there for the 14-day duration following all protocols as required by the Chief Health Officer.
    [Show full text]
  • Celebrations Press PO BOX 584 Uwchland, PA 19480
    Enjoy the magic of Walt Disney World all year long with Celebrations magazine! Receive 1 year for only $29.99* *U.S. residents only. To order outside the United States, please visit www.celebrationspress.com. Subscribe online at www.celebrationspress.com, or send a check or money order to: Celebrations Press PO BOX 584 Uwchland, PA 19480 Be sure to include your name, mailing address, and email address! If you have any questions about subscribing, you can contact us at [email protected] or visit us online! Cover Photography © Garry Rollins Issue 67 Fall 2019 Welcome to Galaxy’s Edge: 64 A Travellers Guide to Batuu Contents Disney News ............................................................................ 8 Calendar of Events ...........................................................17 The Spooky Side MOUSE VIEWS .........................................................19 74 Guide to the Magic of Walt Disney World by Tim Foster...........................................................................20 Hidden Mickeys by Steve Barrett .....................................................................24 Shutters and Lenses by Mike Billick .........................................................................26 Travel Tips Grrrr! 82 by Michael Renfrow ............................................................36 Hangin’ With the Disney Legends by Jamie Hecker ....................................................................38 Bears of Disney Disney Cuisine by Erik Johnson ....................................................................40
    [Show full text]
  • Gwich'in Nomination Chapter
    Nagwichoonjik, the ‘river through a big country’ Gwich’in Chapter Nomination of the Mackenzie River as a Canadian Heritage River Prepared by Randy Freeman, DownNorth Consulting, Yellowknife October 6, 2005 2 The Mackenzie River corridor from Vihtr’ii tshik [Thunder River] to about Srehtadhadlaii [Point Separation] … was important for a number of reasons. It was one of the links connecting the different regions, and most families travelled on the river at some point during the year. Many families also spent the summer season at one of the fish camps located on both sides of the river. The sites for the great summer gatherings of ts’ii deii days were also located along this stretch of the river. So important is the river that, in [Gwich’in Elder] Gabe Andre’s words, it is a ‘highway’ of the Gwichya Gwich’in.1 1 Michael Heine, Alestine Andre, Ingrid Kritsch, Alma Cardinal and the Elders of Tsiigehtchic. Gwichya Gwich’in Googwandak: The History and Stories of the Gwichya Gwich’in. (Tsiigehtchic and Yellowknife, NT: Gwich’in Social and Cultural Institute, 2001) 59. Nagwichoonjik, the ‘river through a big country’ 3 Introduction Nagwichoonjik is the traditional Gwich’in name for the Mackenzie River. The name means ‘river through a big country’ and for the Gwich’in of the Northwest Territories it’s both literally and figuratively their main ‘highway’, the backbone of their traditional lands. Background The Gwich’in inhabit an expanse of sub-arctic boreal forest stretching from the interior of Alaska eastward through northern Yukon to the lower Mackenzie valley of the Northwest Territories.
    [Show full text]
  • INUVIALUIT LANGUAGE and IDENTITY: PERSPECTIVES on the SYMBOLIC MEANING of INUVIALUKTUN in the CANADIAN WESTERN ARCTIC by Alexand
    INUVIALUIT LANGUAGE AND IDENTITY: PERSPECTIVES ON THE SYMBOLIC MEANING OF INUVIALUKTUN IN THE CANADIAN WESTERN ARCTIC by Alexander C. Oehler B.A., University of Northern British Columbia, 2010 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF NORTHERN BRITISH COLUMBIA July 2012 © Alexander C. Oehler, 2012 Abstract: The revitalization of ancestral languages has been an issue of great concern to Aboriginal communities across North America for several decades. More recently, this concern has also found a voice in educational policy, particularly in regions where Aboriginal land claims have been ratified, and where public schools fall under a mandate to offer curricula that meet the needs of Aboriginal students. This research seeks to explore the cultural significance of Inuvialuktun, a regional Inuit language comprised of three distinct dialects traditionally spoken by the Inuvialuit of the northern Northwest Territories, Canada. More specifically, the research seeks to examine the role of current Inuvialuktun language revitalization efforts in the establishment of Inuvialuit collective and individual identities across several age groups. Tying into the sociolinguistic discourse on ancestral language revitalization in North America, the research seeks to contribute a case study from a region underrepresented in the literature on language and identity. The applied aim of the study is to provide better insight on existing language ideologies and language attitudes subscribed to by current and potential learners of Inuvialuktun in the community of Inuvik, NWT. Data obtained by the study is intended to aid local and territorial language planners in identifying potential obstacles and opportunities regarding language learner motivation.
    [Show full text]
  • Compendium of Research in the Northwest Territories 2014
    Compendium of Research in the Northwest Territories 2014 www.nwtresearch.com This publication is a collaboration between the Aurora Research Institute, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Fisheries and Oceans Canada and the Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre. Thank you to all who submitted a summary of research or photographs, and helped make this publication possible. Editor: Ashley Mercer Copyright © 2015 ISSN: 1205-3910 Printed by Aurora Research Institute Foreword Welcome to the 2014 Compendium of Research in the Northwest Territories. This year marked a special anniversary for the Aurora Research Institute and northern research. Fifty years ago, the Inuvik Research Laboratory was built and has served as a hub for research in the western arctic ever since. The Lab, as it was known, was first built as an initiative of the Canadian federal government in the newly established community of Inuvik. It remains on the same site today, but in 2011, a new modern multi-purpose facility opened to continue to support research in the north. We have included a brief history of the Lab and its impact in this edition of the Compendium to mark its long lasting importance to many researchers and community members. As part of the 50th anniversary celebration, the Aurora Research Institute team undertook a full set of NWT-wide celebrations. We celebrated the history, capacity and growth of research in the NWT that touched all corners of the territory and beyond. We honoured the significant scientific contributions that have taken place in the NWT over the past 50 years, and the role of NWT researchers, technicians and citizens in these accomplishments.
    [Show full text]
  • Inuvialuit For
    D_156905_inuvialuit_Cover 11/16/05 11:45 AM Page 1 UNIKKAAQATIGIIT: PUTTING THE HUMAN FACE ON CLIMATE CHANGE PERSPECTIVES FROM THE INUVIALUIT SETTLEMENT REGION UNIKKAAQATIGIIT: PUTTING THE HUMAN FACE ON CLIMATE CHANGE PERSPECTIVES FROM THE INUVIALUIT SETTLEMENT REGION Workshop Team: Inuvialuit Regional Corporation (IRC), Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami (ITK), International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), Centre Hospitalier du l’Université du Québec (CHUQ), Joint Secretariat: Inuvialuit Renewable Resource Committees (JS:IRRC) Funded by: Northern Ecosystem Initiative, Environment Canada * This workshop is part of a larger project entitled Identifying, Selecting and Monitoring Indicators for Climate Change in Nunavik and Labrador, funded by NEI, Environment Canada This report should be cited as: Communities of Aklavik, Inuvik, Holman Island, Paulatuk and Tuktoyaktuk, Nickels, S., Buell, M., Furgal, C., Moquin, H. 2005. Unikkaaqatigiit – Putting the Human Face on Climate Change: Perspectives from the Inuvialuit Settlement Region. Ottawa: Joint publication of Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, Nasivvik Centre for Inuit Health and Changing Environments at Université Laval and the Ajunnginiq Centre at the National Aboriginal Health Organization. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Naitoliogak . 1 1.0 Summary . 2 2.0 Acknowledgements . 3 3.0 Introduction . 4 4.0 Methods . 4 4.1 Pre-Workshop Methods . 4 4.2 During the Workshop . 5 4.3 Summarizing Workshop Observations . 6 5.0 Observations. 6 5.1 Regional (Common) Concerns . 7 Changes to Weather: . 7 Changes to Landscape: . 9 Changes to Vegetation: . 10 Changes to Fauna: . 11 Changes to Insects: . 11 Increased Awareness And Stress: . 11 Contaminants: . 11 Desire For Organization: . 12 5.2 East-West Discrepancies And Patterns . 12 Changes to Weather .
    [Show full text]
  • 22 AUG 2021 Index Acadia Rock 14967
    19 SEP 2021 Index 543 Au Sable Point 14863 �� � � � � 324, 331 Belle Isle 14976 � � � � � � � � � 493 Au Sable Point 14962, 14963 �� � � � 468 Belle Isle, MI 14853, 14848 � � � � � 290 Index Au Sable River 14863 � � � � � � � 331 Belle River 14850� � � � � � � � � 301 Automated Mutual Assistance Vessel Res- Belle River 14852, 14853� � � � � � 308 cue System (AMVER)� � � � � 13 Bellevue Island 14882 �� � � � � � � 346 Automatic Identification System (AIS) Aids Bellow Island 14913 � � � � � � � 363 A to Navigation � � � � � � � � 12 Belmont Harbor 14926, 14928 � � � 407 Au Train Bay 14963 � � � � � � � � 469 Benson Landing 14784 � � � � � � 500 Acadia Rock 14967, 14968 � � � � � 491 Au Train Island 14963 � � � � � � � 469 Benton Harbor, MI 14930 � � � � � 381 Adams Point 14864, 14880 �� � � � � 336 Au Train Point 14969 � � � � � � � 469 Bete Grise Bay 14964 � � � � � � � 475 Agate Bay 14966 �� � � � � � � � � 488 Avon Point 14826� � � � � � � � � 259 Betsie Lake 14907 � � � � � � � � 368 Agate Harbor 14964� � � � � � � � 476 Betsie River 14907 � � � � � � � � 368 Agriculture, Department of� � � � 24, 536 B Biddle Point 14881 �� � � � � � � � 344 Ahnapee River 14910 � � � � � � � 423 Biddle Point 14911 �� � � � � � � � 444 Aids to navigation � � � � � � � � � 10 Big Bay 14932 �� � � � � � � � � � 379 Baby Point 14852� � � � � � � � � 306 Air Almanac � � � � � � � � � � � 533 Big Bay 14963, 14964 �� � � � � � � 471 Bad River 14863, 14867 � � � � � � 327 Alabaster, MI 14863 � � � � � � � � 330 Big Bay 14967 �� � � � � � � � � � 490 Baileys
    [Show full text]
  • OROGRAPHY 11 Just North of Edmonton a Height of Land Turns the Waters to Flow North Into the Great Mackenzie River, Over 2,500 M
    OROGRAPHY 11 Just north of Edmonton a height of land turns the waters to flow north into the great Mackenzie river, over 2,500 miles long, whose valley with its low elevation above the sea is the outstanding feature of the Northwest Territories. In this watershed the terrain becomes less smooth with prominent elevations in the Caribou, Horn, and Franklin mountains and the clay soils of the prairies give way to more of sand and gravel. Great Slave and Great Bear lakes, each half as large again as lake Ontario and less elevated above the sea than lake Erie, are notable features; north and east of these two great lakes the country comes within the Canadian Shield* and the rock with some shallow overburden slopes gently down to the Arctic ocean without any large uplifts to break the monotony. Going east again, in the more northerly part there is encountered the orographical influence of Hudson bay which, indenting the continent so deeply and with rivers running in from west, south, and east, has an enormous drainage basin mainly in Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec. Practically all of this great basin, excepting the Nelson River drainage, is included in the Canadian Shield, the surface characteristic of which is hard rock either exposed or overlain with shallow soil generally confining agriculture to the valleys or small basins. With only small areas in northeastern Quebec rising above 2,000 feet in elevation, there are no great eminences, but the surface is generally accidented by many hills and hollows with countless numbers of lakes and streams.
    [Show full text]
  • Documenting Linguistic Knowledge in an Inuit Language Atlas
    Document generated on 10/01/2021 7:23 p.m. Études Inuit Studies Documenting Linguistic Knowledge in an Inuit Language Atlas Documenter les connaissances linguistiques dans un atlas en langue inuit Kumiko Murasugi and Monica Ittusardjuat Curriculum scolaire inuit Article abstract Inuit School Curriculum The traditional method of orally transmitting language is weakening with the Volume 40, Number 2, 2016 passing of fluent Elders and language erosion in contemporary Inuit society. Language documentation is a vital component of language maintenance and URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1055437ar revitalization. In this paper we present a pilot online, multimedia DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/1055437ar cybercartographic Atlas of the Inuit Language in Canada, the goal of which is to help protect and strengthen the vitality of Inuit dialects through the documentation of their words. The main component of the atlas is a See table of contents multidialectal database of written and spoken words. We discuss the role of dictionaries in language documentation, introduce the features of the atlas, explore the appeal of the atlas to different types of users (in particular, Publisher(s) language learners), and present future directions for the atlas project. Centre interuniversitaire d’études et de recherches autochtones (CIÉRA) ISSN 0701-1008 (print) 1708-5268 (digital) Explore this journal Cite this article Murasugi, K. & Ittusardjuat, M. (2016). Documenting Linguistic Knowledge in an Inuit Language Atlas. Études Inuit Studies, 40(2), 169–190. https://doi.org/10.7202/1055437ar Tous droits réservés © La revue Études Inuit Studies, 2019 This document is protected by copyright law. Use of the services of Érudit (including reproduction) is subject to its terms and conditions, which can be viewed online.
    [Show full text]
  • Canadian Arctic Tide Measurement Techniques and Results
    International Hydrographie Review, Monaco, LXIII (2), July 1986 CANADIAN ARCTIC TIDE MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES AND RESULTS by B.J. TAIT, S.T. GRANT, D. St.-JACQUES and F. STEPHENSON (*) ABSTRACT About 10 years ago the Canadian Hydrographic Service recognized the need for a planned approach to completing tide and current surveys of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago in order to meet the requirements of marine shipping and construction industries as well as the needs of environmental studies related to resource development. Therefore, a program of tidal surveys was begun which has resulted in a data base of tidal records covering most of the Archipelago. In this paper the problems faced by tidal surveyors and others working in the harsh Arctic environment are described and the variety of equipment and techniques developed for short, medium and long-term deployments are reported. The tidal characteris­ tics throughout the Archipelago, determined primarily from these surveys, are briefly summarized. It was also recognized that there would be a need for real time tidal data by engineers, surveyors and mariners. Since the existing permanent tide gauges in the Arctic do not have this capability, a project was started in the early 1980’s to develop and construct a new permanent gauging system. The first of these gauges was constructed during the summer of 1985 and is described. INTRODUCTION The Canadian Arctic Archipelago shown in Figure 1 is a large group of islands north of the mainland of Canada bounded on the west by the Beaufort Sea, on the north by the Arctic Ocean and on the east by Davis Strait, Baffin Bay and Greenland and split through the middle by Parry Channel which constitutes most of the famous North West Passage.
    [Show full text]
  • A Guide to Mineral Deposits NORTHWEST TERRITORIES 2007 a Guide to Mineral Deposits
    A GUIDE TO MINERAL DEPOSITS NORTHWEST TERRITORIES 2007 A Guide to Mineral Deposits of the Northwest Territories Minerals, Oil and Gas Division Department of Industry, Tourism and Investment Government of the Northwest Territories November 2007 Edited by: Christy Campbell Published by: Minerals, Oil and Gas Division Department of Industry, Tourism and Investment Government of the Northwest Territories November 2007 Available from: Minerals, Oil and Gas Division Department of Industry, Tourism and Investment Government of the Northwest Territories 9th Floor, Scotia Centre 600, 5102-50th AVE YELLOWKNIFE NT X1A 3S8 www.iti.gov.nt.ca/mog/index.htm Cover Description: Photos courtesy of Diavik Diamond Mines Inc. and John Veevaert of Trinity Mineral Company. Note: This publication supersedes earlier editions of A Guide to Mineral Deposits of the Northwest Territories, published by Minerals, Oil and Gas Division, Department of Industry, Tourism and Investment, Government of the Northwest Territories. Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 1 GOLD PROPERTIES .................................................................................................................................. 4 Miramar Con Mine ....................................................................................................................................... 6 Miramar Giant Mine ....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]