DOCSLIB.ORG

What Happens to Blood Donors Who Test Positive for Chagas Disease?

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
What Happens to Blood Donors Who Test Positive for Chagas Disease? What Happens to Blood Donors Who Test Positive for Chagas Disease? Fast Facts • CDC estimates 300,000 or more Trypanosoma cruzi-infected individuals of Hispanic origin currently live in the United States. • Despite being counseled to seek medical care, only approximately 11% of Chagas seropositive blood donors have contacted CDC for consultation regarding treatment. • Chagas disease may be life threatening even when the patient feels well. Evaluation and treatment can be life saving. Chagas Disease Background Blood Donor Screening • Chagas disease is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi • Screening of the U.S. blood supply for and is transmitted by infected insects called triatomines Chagas disease began in early 2007, • Chagas disease can also be transmitted by blood transfusion, leading to increased identification of organ transplantation, congenital exposure, lab accidents, and people with Chagas disease contaminated food and drink • It is estimated that 1 in every 27,500 • Chagas disease is endemic throughout much of Mexico, donors tests positive for Chagas Central America, and South America, where an estimated disease nationwide: 8–11 million persons are infected » Majority of U.S. states have identified • Chagas disease can include cardiac and gastrointestinal seropositive donors manifestations » Updated count of identified donors by state is available at the AABB • There is a small risk of acquiring Chagas disease through Chagas Biovigilance Network website infected triatomine bugs in the U.S. http://www.aabb.org/research/ • The parasite, vectors, and infected animals have been found in hemovigilance/Pages/chagas.aspx many parts of the southern United States Are Positive Blood Possible Barriers Physician Lack of Resources for Chagas Donors Receiving Preventing Positive Awareness of Disease Blood Donor Evaluation and Donors from Chagas Disease Counseling in the Treatment? Seeking Evaluation • Survey of American United States • Treatment may prevent and Treatment College of Obstetrics • Fact sheets and additional and Gynecology (ACOG) progression to more • There is very limited resources are available at members: serious disease awareness of Chagas www.cdc.gov/chagas • Since blood donor disease among patients » Most members described • You may contact your local screening began, the their knowledge of health department regarding: • Many patients believe Chagas disease as very number of requests to there is no effective limited » Resources available for CDC for consultation positive donors treatment » Most members reported and drug release for • Many patients have never considering the » Referral to local physician Chagas disease has limited or no health diagnosis of Chagas • CDC services, including increased markedly insurance coverage disease among patients physician consultation, testing, • However, only from endemic countries • Language barriers exist, and treatment are available approximately 11% of as many patients speak • Survey of members of » By phone (404) 718-4745 positive donors or their only Spanish MedscapeCME, a leading or email to [email protected] physicians have provider of online clinical • There may be patient contacted CDC for and medical information concern about consultation regarding for physicians and other immigration status treatment healthcare professionals, • There is a lack of indicated: awareness of Chagas » Substantial knowledge disease among deficits, especially physicians among obstetricians and gynecologists CS293368A July 19, 2018 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Apheresis Donation This Quick Reference Guide Will Help You Identify the Best Donation for Your Unique Blood Type
    Apheresis Donation This quick reference guide will help you identify the best donation for your unique blood type. Donors now have the opportunity to make an apheresis (ay-fur-ee-sis) donation and donate just platelets, red cells, or plasma at blood drives. These individual components are vital for local patients in need. Platelets Control Bleeding Red Cells Deliver Oxygen Plasma transports blood cells & controls bleeding Donation Type Blood Types Requirements Donation Time A+, B+, O+ Over 75% of population has one of these blood types. Platelet Donation: Be healthy, weigh at least 114 lbs 2 hours cancer & surgery patients no aspirin for 48 hours Platelets only last five days after donation so the need is constant. O-, O+, A-, B- Special height, weight, Double Red: O-Negative is the 1 hour and hematocrit requirements. surgery, trauma patients, universal red cell donor. +25 min Please call us or see a staff member accident, & burn victims Only 17% of population has one of these negative blood types Plasma: AB+, AB- Trauma patients, burn Universal Plasma Donors 1 hour Be healthy, weigh at least 114 lbs victims, & patients with +30 min serious illness or injuries Only 4% of population How Apheresis works: Blood is drawn from the donor’s arm and the components are separated. Only the components being donated are collected while the remaining components are safely returned to the donor How to Schedule an Appointment: Please call 800-398-7888 or visit schedule.bloodworksnw.org. Walk-ins are also welcome at some blood drives, so be sure to ask our staff when you stop in.
    [Show full text]
  • Patient Information Leaflet – Plasma Exchange Procedure
    Therapeutic Apheresis Services Patient Information Leaflet – Plasma Exchange Procedure Introduction Antibodies, which normally help to protect you from infection, can begin to attack your own This leaflet has been written to give patients healthy cells, or an over production of proteins can information about plasma exchange (sometimes cause your blood to become thicker and slow down called plasmapheresis). If you would like any more the blood flow throughout your body. A plasma information or have any questions, please ask the exchange can help improve your symptoms, doctors and nurses involved in your treatment at although this may not happen immediately. the NHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT) Therapeutic Apheresis Services Unit. Although plasma exchange may help with symptoms, it will not normally cure your condition When you have considered the information given as it does not switch off the production of the in this leaflet, and after we have discussed the harmful antibodies or proteins. It is likely that procedure and its possible risks with you, we will this procedure will form only one part of your ask you to sign a consent form to indicate that you treatment. are happy for the procedure to go ahead. Before any further procedures we will again check that you are happy to proceed. How do we perform Plasma Exchange? What is a plasma exchange? Plasma exchange is performed using a machine Blood is made up of red cells, white cells and called a Blood Cell Separator which can separate platelets which are carried around in fluid called blood into its various parts. The machine separates plasma.
    [Show full text]
  • Your Blood Cells
    Page 1 of 2 Original Date The Johns Hopkins Hospital Patient Information 12/00 Oncology ReviseD/ RevieweD 6/14 Your Blood Cells Where are Blood cells are made in the bone marrow. The bone marrow blood cells is a liquid that looks like blood. It is found in several places of made? the body, such as your hips, chest bone and the middle part of your arm and leg bones. What types of • The three main types of blood cells are the red blood cells, blood cells do the white blood cells and the platelets. I have? • Red blood cells carry oxygen to all parts of the body. The normal hematocrit (or percentage of red blood cells in the blood) is 41-53%. Anemia means low red blood cells. • White blood cells fight infection. The normal white blood cell count is 4.5-11 (K/cu mm). The most important white blood cell to fight infection is the neutrophil. Forty to seventy percent (40-70%) of your white blood cells should be neutrophils. Neutropenia means your neutrophils are low, or less than 40%. • Platelets help your blood to clot and stop bleeding. The normal platelet count is 150-350 (K/cu mm). Thrombocytopenia means low platelets. How do you Your blood cells are measured by a test called the Complete measure my Blood Count (CBC) or Heme 8/Diff. You may want to keep track blood cells? of your blood counts on the back of this sheet. What When your blood counts are low, you may become anemic, get happens infections and bleed or bruise easier.
    [Show full text]
  • Important Information for Female Platelet Donors
    Important Information for Female Platelet Donors We are grateful for the support you provide our community blood program and especially appreciate your willingness to help save lives as a volunteer platelet donor. We also take our responsibility to provide a safe and adequate blood supply very seriously and need to share the following information regarding a change to our donor eligibility criteria for female platelet donors. We recently began performing a Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) antibody test on each of our current female platelet donors who have ever been pregnant. In addition, we modified our Medical History Questionnaire to ask donors whether they have been pregnant since their last donation. Platelet donors who respond yes to that question will be screened for HLA antibodies. Platelet donors will also be retested after every subsequent pregnancy. These adjustments are being made as part of our effort to reduce occurrences of Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI). TRALI is a rare but serious complication of blood transfusions most commonly thought to be caused by a reaction to HLA antibodies present in the donor’s plasma. When transfused, these antibodies can sometimes cause plasma to leak into the patient’s lungs, creating fluid accumulation — a condition referred to as acute pulmonary edema. Female donors who have been pregnant are more likely than others to have these HLA antibodies in their plasma. Once the antibodies develop, they are present forever. The antibodies could be harmful if transfused into certain patients. The antibodies are present in plasma — and platelet donations contain a high volume of plasma, so our current efforts are directed at screening blood samples from female platelet donors to test for the HLA antibody.
    [Show full text]
  • FACTS ABOUT DONATING Blood WHY SHOULD I DONATE BLOOD? HOW MUCH BLOOD DO I HAVE? Blood Donors Save Lives
    FACTS ABOUT DONATING BLOOD WHY SHOULD I DONATE BLOOD? HOW MUCH BLOOD DO I HAVE? Blood donors save lives. Volunteer blood donors provide An adult has about 10–11 pints. 100 percent of our community’s blood supply. Almost all of us will need blood products. HOW MUCH BLOOD WILL I donate? Whole blood donors give 500 milliliters, about one pint. WHO CAN DONATE BLOOD? Generally, you are eligible to donate if you are 16 years of WHAT HAPPENS TO BLOOD AFTER I donate? age or older, weigh at least 110 pounds and are in good Your blood is tested, separated into components, then health. Donors under 18 must have written permission distributed to local hospitals and trauma centers for from a parent or guardian prior to donation. patient transfusions. DOES IT HURT TO GIVE BLOOD? WHAT ARE THE MAIN BLOOD COMPONENTS? The sensation you feel is similar to a slight pinch on the Frequently transfused components include red blood arm. The process of drawing blood should take less than cells, which replace blood loss in patients during surgery ten minutes. or trauma; platelets, which are often used to control or prevent bleeding in surgery and trauma patients; and HOW DO I PREPARE FOR A BLOOD DONATION? plasma, which helps stop bleeding and can be used to We recommend that donors be well rested, eat a healthy treat severe burns. Both red blood cells and platelets meal, drink plenty of fluids and avoid caffeine and are often used to support patients undergoing cancer alcohol prior to donating. treatments. WHAT CAN I EXPECT WHEN I DONATE? WHEN CAN I DONATE AGAIN? At every donation, you will fill out a short health history You can donate whole blood every eight weeks, platelets questionaire.
    [Show full text]
  • FDA Regulation of Blood and Blood Components in the United States
    FDA Regulation of Blood and Blood Components in the United States SLIDE 1 This presentation will review the FDA Regulation of Blood and Blood Components in the U.S. SLIDE 2 The FDA Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, or CBER, Office of Blood Research and Review, called OBRR, reviews several different types of regulatory applications with respect to blood and blood components. This includes biologics license applications, called BLAs, which represent the regulatory pathway for blood components. The BLA regulatory process also applies to biological drugs such as fractionated plasma products. OBRR also regulates in-vitro diagnostic devices used for screening of collected blood, and does so also using the BLA regulatory pathway. Review of these devices as biologic licenses allows CBER to apply a higher level of manufacturing oversight, including lot release testing and pre-licensure inspection. This regulatory pathway applies to infectious disease tests for blood screening, as well as blood grouping and phenotyping reagents. SLIDE 3 The regulatory pathway for New Drug Applications, or NDAs, is most commonly used within the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, or CDER. Within the Office of Blood, several NDA applications are reviewed each year, mostly involving solutions used for the collection of blood, such as anticoagulants and red cell nutritive solutions. Interestingly, a blood bag that does not have a solution inside is regulated as a device. If the bag has a solution, then it is a drug-device combination product, but is regulated as a drug. SLIDE 4 OBRR reviews both Class Two and Class Three devices. Class Three devices in OBRR include diagnostic tests for HIV regulated as pre-market approvals, called PMAs.
    [Show full text]
  • Human ICAM-4 Antibody
    Human ICAM-4 Antibody Monoclonal Mouse IgG2B Clone # 729632 Catalog Number: MAB8397 DESCRIPTION Species Reactivity Human Specificity Detects human ICAM­4 in direct ELISAs. Source Monoclonal Mouse IgG2B Clone # 729632 Purification Protein A or G purified from hybridoma culture supernatant Immunogen Chinese hamster ovary cell line CHO­derived recombinant human ICAM­4 Ala23­Ala240 Accession # Q14773 Formulation Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. See Certificate of Analysis for details. *Small pack size (­SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS. APPLICATIONS Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website. Recommended Sample Concentration Flow Cytometry 0.25 µg/106 cells See Below CyTOF­ready Ready to be labeled using established conjugation methods. No BSA or other carrier proteins that could interfere with conjugation. DATA Flow Cytometry Detection of ICAM­4 in Human Red Blood Cells by Flow Cytometry. Human red blood cells were stained with Mouse Anti­ Human ICAM­4 Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB8397, filled histogram) or isotype control antibody (Catalog # MAB0041, open histogram), followed by Allophycocyanin­conjugated Anti­Mouse IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # F0101B). PREPARATION AND STORAGE Reconstitution Reconstitute at 0.5 mg/mL in sterile PBS. Shipping The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. *Small pack size (­SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at ­20 to ­70 °C Stability & Storage Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze­thaw cycles.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding the Immune System: How It Works
    Understanding the Immune System How It Works U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Cancer Institute Understanding the Immune System How It Works U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Cancer Institute NIH Publication No. 03-5423 September 2003 www.niaid.nih.gov www.nci.nih.gov Contents 1 Introduction 2 Self and Nonself 3 The Structure of the Immune System 7 Immune Cells and Their Products 19 Mounting an Immune Response 24 Immunity: Natural and Acquired 28 Disorders of the Immune System 34 Immunology and Transplants 36 Immunity and Cancer 39 The Immune System and the Nervous System 40 Frontiers in Immunology 45 Summary 47 Glossary Introduction he immune system is a network of Tcells, tissues*, and organs that work together to defend the body against attacks by “foreign” invaders. These are primarily microbes (germs)—tiny, infection-causing Bacteria: organisms such as bacteria, viruses, streptococci parasites, and fungi. Because the human body provides an ideal environment for many microbes, they try to break in. It is the immune system’s job to keep them out or, failing that, to seek out and destroy them. Virus: When the immune system hits the wrong herpes virus target or is crippled, however, it can unleash a torrent of diseases, including allergy, arthritis, or AIDS. The immune system is amazingly complex. It can recognize and remember millions of Parasite: different enemies, and it can produce schistosome secretions and cells to match up with and wipe out each one of them.
    [Show full text]
  • Outpatient Blood Platelet Orders
    Blood / Platelet Orders Outpt v5 USE THIS ORDER SET FOR OUTPATIENT NON URGENT BLOOD OR PLATELET TRANSFUSION 24 Hours advanced notice required for infusion center NO MORE THAN 2 UNITS OF RED BLOOD CELLS CAN BE INFUSED AS AN OUTPATIENT PER DAY BMH Outpatient Infusion Center: Fax completed order set to 843-522-7313/Phone 843-522-7680 Hospital Outpatient: Fax Completed order set to Registration at 843-522-5741 and notify Nursing Supervisor at 843-522-7653 ALL INFORMATION BELOW IS REQUIRED BY ORDERING PHYSICIAN Service Designation THIS IS NOT AN ADMISSION SET Patient Name ___________________________________ Patient DOB ____________ Service Designation Blood Platelet Outpatient Attending / Ordering Physician ______________________________ Date Requested ___________________________________ Status Outpatient Check Appropriate Diagnosis Below: [ Anemia of chronic renal disease Anemia related to chemotherapy Myelodysplasia Anemia related to cancer Anemia related to blood loss Sickle cell disease Anemia unspecified Thombocytopenia (platelets) Other _________________________ ] Allergies Update Allergies in the Summary Panel in MEDITECH Special Requirement: (REQUIRES SPECIAL ORDER ONE DAY IN ADVANCE) Special Requirement RBC or Platelets REQUIRES SPECIAL ORDER ONE DAY IN ADVANCE [ Irradiated CMV Negative HgBS Negative ] Vital Signs Per BMH Policy, Blood and Blood Component Administration, 07.02 Diet Mediterranean Style Diet 2 Gm Sodium Diet Regular 7 Diet 1800 kcal Consistent Carbohydrate Diet Other Dietper patient choice ____________________ Medications
    [Show full text]
  • Anti-ICAM4 Monoclonal Antibody (DCABH-11966) This Product Is for Research Use Only and Is Not Intended for Diagnostic Use
    Anti-ICAM4 monoclonal antibody (DCABH-11966) This product is for research use only and is not intended for diagnostic use. PRODUCT INFORMATION Antigen Description This gene encodes the Landsteiner-Wiener (LW) blood group antigen(s) that belongs to the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, and that shares similarity with the intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) protein family. This ICAM protein contains 2 Ig-like C2-type domains and binds to the leukocyte adhesion LFA-1 protein. The molecular basis of the LW(A)/LW(B) blood group antigens is a single aa variation at position 100; Gln-100=LW(A) and Arg-100=LW(B). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. Immunogen A synthetic peptide of human ICAM4 is used for rabbit immunization. Isotype IgG Source/Host Rabbit Species Reactivity Human Purification Protein A Conjugate Unconjugated Applications Western Blot (Transfected lysate); ELISA Size 1 ea Buffer In 1x PBS, pH 7.4 Preservative None Storage Store at -20°C or lower. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. GENE INFORMATION Gene Name ICAM4 intercellular adhesion molecule 4 (Landsteiner-Wiener blood group) [ Homo sapiens ] Official Symbol ICAM4 Synonyms ICAM4; intercellular adhesion molecule 4 (Landsteiner-Wiener blood group); intercellular adhesion molecule 4 (LW blood group) , intercellular adhesion molecule 4, Landsteiner Wiener blood group , Landsteiner Wiener blood group , LW; intercellular adhesion molecule 4; CD242; CD242 antigen; LW blood group protein; Landsteiner-Wiener blood group
    [Show full text]
  • Essential Thrombocythemia Facts No
    Essential Thrombocythemia Facts No. 12 in a series providing the latest information for patients, caregivers and healthcare professionals www.LLS.org • Information Specialist: 800.955.4572 Introduction Highlights Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is one of several l Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is one of a related “myeloproliferative neoplasms” (MPNs), a group of closely group of blood cancers known as “myeloproliferative related blood cancers that share several features, notably the neoplasms” (MPNs) in which cells in the bone “clonal” overproduction of one or more blood cell lines. marrow that produce the blood cells develop and All clonal disorders begin with one or more changes function abnormally. (mutations) to the DNA in a single cell; the altered cells in l ET begins with one or more acquired changes the marrow and the blood are the offspring of that one (mutations) to the DNA of a single blood-forming mutant cell. Other MPNs include polycythemia vera and cell. This results in the overproduction of blood cells, myelofibrosis. especially platelets, in the bone marrow. The effects of ET result from uncontrolled blood cell l About half of individuals with ET have a mutation production, notably of platelets. Because the disease arises of the JAK2 (Janus kinase 2) gene. The role that this from a change to an early blood-forming cell that has the mutation plays in the development of the disease, capacity to form red cells, white cells and platelets, any and the potential implications for new treatments, combination of these three cell lines may be affected – and are being investigated. usually each cell line is affected to some degree.
    [Show full text]
  • Recommendations for Collecting Red Blood Cells by Automated Apheresis Methods
    Guidance for Industry Recommendations for Collecting Red Blood Cells by Automated Apheresis Methods Additional copies of this guidance document are available from: Office of Communication, Training and Manufacturers Assistance (HFM-40) 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852-1448 (Tel) 1-800-835-4709 or 301-827-1800 (Internet) http://www.fda.gov/cber/guidelines.htm U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) January 2001 Technical Correction February 2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS Note: Page numbering may vary for documents distributed electronically. I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 II. BACKGROUND................................................................................................................ 1 III. CHANGES FROM THE DRAFT GUIDANCE .............................................................. 2 IV. RECOMMENDED DONOR SELECTION CRITERIA FOR THE AUTOMATED RED BLOOD CELL COLLECTION PROTOCOLS ..................................................... 3 V. RECOMMENDED RED BLOOD CELL PRODUCT QUALITY CONTROL............ 5 VI. REGISTRATION AND LICENSING PROCEDURES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF RED BLOOD CELLS COLLECTED BY AUTOMATED METHODS.................. 7 VII. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS.................................................................................. 9 i GUIDANCE FOR INDUSTRY Recommendations for Collecting Red Blood Cells by Automated Apheresis Methods This
    [Show full text]