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Physical, Mechanical, and Other Properties Of
ARC: 634.9 TA/OST 73-24 C559a PHYSICAL, MECHANICAL, AND OTHER PROPERTIES OF SELECTED SECONDARY SPECIES in Surinam, Peru, Colombia, Nigeria, Gabon, Philippines, and Malaysia FPL-AID-PASA TA(Aj)2-73 (Species Properties) * PHYSICAL, MECHANICAL, AND OTHER PROPERTIES OF SELECTED SECONDARY SPECIES LOCATED IN SURINAM, PERU, COLOMBIA, NIGERIA, GABON, PHILIPPINES, AND MALAYSIA MARTIN CHUDNOFF, Forest Products Technologist Forest Products Laboratory Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Madison, Wisconsin 53705 November 1973 Prepared for AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT U.S. Department of State Washington, DC 20523 ARC No. 634.9 - C 559a INTRODUCTION This report is a partial response to a Participating Agency Service Agreement between the Agency for Inter national Development and the USDA, Forest Service (PASA Control No. TA(AJ)2-73) and concerns a study of the factors influencing the utilization of the tropical forest resource. The purpose of this portion of the PASA obligation is to present previously published information on the tree and wood characteristics of selected secondary species growing m seven tropical countries. The format is concise and follows the outline developed for the second edition of the "Handbook of Hardwoods" published by HMSO, London. Species selected for review are well known in the source countries, but make up a very small component, if any, of their export trade. The reasons why these species play a secondary role in the timber harvest are discussed in the other accompanying PASA reports. ii INDEX Pages SURINAM 1-11 Audira spp. Eperu falcata Eschweilera spp. Micropholis guyanensis Nectandra spp. Ocotea spp. Parinari campestris Parinari excelsa Pouteria engleri Protium spp. -
Complete Index of Common Names: Supplement to Tropical Timbers of the World (AH 607)
Complete Index of Common Names: Supplement to Tropical Timbers of the World (AH 607) by Nancy Ross Preface Since it was published in 1984, Tropical Timbers of the World has proven to be an extremely valuable reference to the properties and uses of tropical woods. It has been particularly valuable for the selection of species for specific products and as a reference for properties information that is important to effective pro- cessing and utilization of several hundred of the most commercially important tropical wood timbers. If a user of the book has only a common or trade name for a species and wishes to know its properties, the user must use the index of common names beginning on page 451. However, most tropical timbers have numerous common or trade names, depending upon the major region or local area of growth; furthermore, different species may be know by the same common name. Herein lies a minor weakness in Tropical Timbers of the World. The index generally contains only the one or two most frequently used common or trade names. If the common name known to the user is not one of those listed in the index, finding the species in the text is impossible other than by searching the book page by page. This process is too laborious to be practical because some species have 20 or more common names. This supplement provides a complete index of common or trade names. This index will prevent a user from erroneously concluding that the book does not contain a specific species because the common name known to the user does not happen to be in the existing index. -
The Woods of Liberia
THE WOODS OF LIBERIA October 1959 No. 2159 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY FOREST SERVICE MADISON 5, WISCONSIN In Cooperation with the University of Wisconsin THE WOODS OF LIBERIA1 By JEANNETTE M. KRYN, Botanist and E. W. FOBES, Forester Forest Products Laboratory,2 Forest Service U. S. Department of Agriculture - - - - Introduction The forests of Liberia represent a valuable resource to that country-- especially so because they are renewable. Under good management, these forests will continue to supply mankind with products long after mined resources are exhausted. The vast treeless areas elsewhere in Africa give added emphasis to the economic significance of the forests of Liberia and its neighboring countries in West Africa. The mature forests of Liberia are composed entirely of broadleaf or hardwood tree species. These forests probably covered more than 90 percent of the country in the past, but only about one-third is now covered with them. Another one-third is covered with young forests or reproduction referred to as low bush. The mature, or "high," forests are typical of tropical evergreen or rain forests where rainfall exceeds 60 inches per year without pro longed dry periods. Certain species of trees in these forests, such as the cotton tree, are deciduous even when growing in the coastal area of heaviest rainfall, which averages about 190 inches per year. Deciduous species become more prevalent as the rainfall decreases in the interior, where the driest areas average about 70 inches per year. 1The information here reported was prepared in cooperation with the International Cooperation Administration. 2 Maintained at Madison, Wis., in cooperation with the University of Wisconsin. -
Jack, Azadirachta Indica Juss. and in Tectona in Guinean -Congolese Africa, Or Between Grandis L.F
IAWA Bulletin n.s., Vol. 10 (2),1989: 123-132 APPEARANCE AND PERIODICITY OF GROWTH RINGS IN SOME TROPICAL WOODS by Pierre Detienne Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, 45bis avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, 94736 Nogent-sur-Marne Cedex, France Summary Trees belonging to 30 tropical African and thus calculating their growth rate; detecting South American hardwood species were variations in growth rate during the tree life wounded annually. This made it possible, or accurately dating phenomena that left after the trees had been felled, to mark pre traces in the wood, e.g. insect attack or slight cisey the annual growth rings and determine fire damage. their boundaries. These boundaries are al ways formed during the longest dry season Materials and Methods and clearly express the rhythm of cambial Experiments were carried out on 2 to 10 activity. The appearance and nature of these trees selected from 30 species belonging to growth rings vary according to genera rather 26 genera of 16 families, in Guinean-Congo than to types of climate. lese Africa and French Guiana. The species Key words: Annual growth rings, tropical are listed in Table 1. African and American hardwoods, wood The cambial activity was recorded every structure. two weeks with band dendrometers at a pre cision of 0.2 mm over periods of 4 to 7 years Introduction depending on species or observation stations. For a long time tropical trees have been The accurate detection of growth rings described as fast and continuously growing was accomplished thanks to scars left in the plants for their entire life span. -
Geo-Referencing, Mapping and Growth Variables Distribution of Trees Species in Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN), ONNE, Nigeria
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) e-ISSN: 2319-2402,p- ISSN: 2319-2399.Volume 14, Issue 4 Ser. I (April. 2020), PP 20-28 www.iosrjournals.org Geo-Referencing, Mapping and Growth Variables Distribution of Trees Species in Forestry Research Institute Of Nigeria (FRIN), ONNE, Nigeria Oyebade, B. A., Amadi, I, and Aigbe, H. I. Department of Forestry & Wildlife Management, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria Abstract: This study evaluated the use of information system in vegetation pattern, tree species abundance, and tree species diversity within the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN), Onne, Rivers State, Nigeria. Tree management requires information on the growing stock, distribution pattern and diversity. Such relevant information will guide managers in proper appraisal and proficient exploitation of the forest resources. All trees within the sampled plots were measured using modern inventory methods. The measurements obtained were grouped into species, diameter at breast height; height classes and their basal area estimates computed. Global Positioning System (GPS) was used to record the coordinates of individual trees, with their points recognized on the imagery for the geo-referencing of the satellite imagery and imported into ArcGIS 10.5 for further geo-processing analyses. Trees within the forested area were measured and the names, families, diameter at breast height were recorded. A total of 1151 trees of 16 different tree species from 12 families recorded were Melicieae family with highest proportion of 11.9%. Pinus caribeae and Nauclea diderrichii were mostly dominated with highest proportion of 21.9% and 20.3% respectively. Majority of the tree species were found in the southern part of the study area while remaining existed along in the northern part. -
Wood Toxicity: Symptoms, Species, and Solutions by Andi Wolfe
Wood Toxicity: Symptoms, Species, and Solutions By Andi Wolfe Ohio State University, Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology Table 1. Woods known to have wood toxicity effects, arranged by trade name. Adapted from the Wood Database (http://www.wood-database.com). A good reference book about wood toxicity is “Woods Injurious to Human Health – A Manual” by Björn Hausen (1981) ISBN 3-11-008485-6. Table 1. Woods known to have wood toxicity effects, arranged by trade name. Adapted from references cited in article. Trade Name(s) Botanical name Family Distribution Reported Symptoms Affected Organs Fabaceae Central Africa, African Blackwood Dalbergia melanoxylon Irritant, Sensitizer Skin, Eyes, Lungs (Legume Family) Southern Africa Meliaceae Irritant, Sensitizer, African Mahogany Khaya anthotheca (Mahogany West Tropical Africa Nasopharyngeal Cancer Skin, Lungs Family) (rare) Meliaceae Irritant, Sensitizer, African Mahogany Khaya grandifoliola (Mahogany West Tropical Africa Nasopharyngeal Cancer Skin, Lungs Family) (rare) Meliaceae Irritant, Sensitizer, African Mahogany Khaya ivorensis (Mahogany West Tropical Africa Nasopharyngeal Cancer Skin, Lungs Family) (rare) Meliaceae Irritant, Sensitizer, African Mahogany Khaya senegalensis (Mahogany West Tropical Africa Nasopharyngeal Cancer Skin, Lungs Family) (rare) Fabaceae African Mesquite Prosopis africana Tropical Africa Irritant Skin (Legume Family) African Padauk, Fabaceae Central and Tropical Asthma, Irritant, Nausea, Pterocarpus soyauxii Skin, Eyes, Lungs Vermillion (Legume Family) -
Ethnobotanical Uses and Implications for Biodiversity Conservation
International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation Vol. 2(11) pp. 370-381, November 2010 Available online http://www.academicjournals.org/ijbc ISSN 2141-243X ©2010 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Upper Nyong valley forest in Cameroon: Ethnobotanical uses and implications for biodiversity conservation T. Jiofack1,2*, N. Guedje2, I. Ayissi3, C. Fokunang2, L. Usongo4 and B. A. Nkongmeneck1 1Millennium Ecologic Museum of Cameroon (MEM), P. O. Box 8038 Yaounde – Cameroon. 2Department of Pharmacy and African Pharmacotherapeutic, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon. 3Cameroon Wildlife Conservation Society (CWCS), Upper Nyong Conservation project, Cameroon. 4International Union for Nature Conservation (IUCN), Yaounde – Cameroon. Accepted 4 October, 2010 The Upper Nyong valley belongs to the forest ecological area of Cameroon. Local people living around use drastically natural resources to enhance their livelihoods. According to the Cameroon forest law, more than 30% of natural area must be transformed into park and reserves. In the process of transformation, ecological studies can be conducted to evaluate potential resources available. This paper highlighted some results of a floristic survey conducted in the Upper Nyong valley through the Cameroon wildlife conservation project (CWCS), in order to evaluate the ecological and ethnobotanical uses of forest products and derived resources. The methodology used was based on linear transects and quadrats. As a result, 352 useful plants were inventoried and categorized into medicinal, food, traditional furniture, threatened and industrial plants. As implications and relevance to management, this study would help in the implementation of protected forest network coupled with the decentralization of forest resources. This could be the most sustained alternative for the conservation of this heritance from generation to generation. -
Exploratory Study on Timber Supply Pattern in Ekiti State, Nigeria
The Pakistan Journal of Forestry Vol.56(2), 2006 TIMBER SUPPLY PATTERN IN EKITI STATE, NIGERIA AND ITS CONSERVATION IMPLICATIONS J. Kayode1 Abstract The implications of timber supply pattern in Ekiti State of Nigeria, on the conservation of timber species was examined. A total of 53 timber species belonging to 20 different families were found to be supplied in the sampled area during the study. 33 of these species were found to be supplied regularly while 22 of them were found to be in high demand by respondents in the study area. 95% of these species were sourced from the free areas while those sourced from the reserves were mere 5%. Most of the timber species were indigenous species, only Gmelina arborea and Tectonia grandis, were exotics which were sourced from the reserves. 10 forest reserves abound in the state; most of them were highly exploited with a myriad of other problems that make them unproductive. Thus the study revealed that the demand for timber far exceeded the supply. Preference for timber species is now skewed towards species availability rather than choice as desired species and sizes could no longer be met. Most of the timber species are now endangered hence conservation strategies that could ensure their continuous supply was proposed. Keywords: Timber, Supply pattern, Conservation, Ekiti State, Nigeria. Introduction Ekiti State (5° 25’ –8° 20’N, 5° 00’ –6° 00’E), located in the southwestern part of Nigeria (Kayode, 2002) has its vegetation consisting of the dry lowland rainforest and the derived savanna. 297.2 Km2 of the state’s vegetation is under reservation as government forest reserves, unreserved forests known as free area measured 3,969.0 Km2 (Falaye et al., 2006) while the total land area of the state is 7000 km2 (EKSG, 1997). -
List of Plant Species Identified in the Northern Part of the Lope Reserve, Gabon*
TROPICS 3 (3/4): 249-276 Issued March, 1994 List of Plant Species Identified in the Northern Part of the Lope Reserve, Gabon* Caroline E.G. TUTIN Centre International de Recherche Medicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon; Department of Biological and Molecular Sciences, University of Stirling, Scotland. Lee J. T. WHITE NYZS-The Wildlife Conservation Society, U.S.A.; Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, Scotland; Programme de Conservation et Utilisation Rationelle des Ecosystemes Forestiers d'Afrique Centrale (ECOFAC), Composante Gabon (Projet FED, CCE DG VIII). Elizabeth A. WILLIAMSON Psychology Department, University of Stirling, Scotland. Michel FERNANDEZ Centre International de Recherche Medicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon; Department of Biological and Molecular Sciences, University of Stirling, Scotland; Programme de Conservation et Utilisation Rationelle des Ecosystemes Forestiers d' Afrique Centrale (ECOFAC), Composante Gabon (Projet FED, CCE DG VIII). Gordon MCPHERSON Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A. ABSTRACT Research on lowland gorillas (Gorilla g. gorilla) and chimpanzees (Pan t. troglodytes) began at the 'Station d'Etudes des Gorilles et Chimpanzes' in the Lope Reserve, central Gabon, in 1983 and is on-going. This paper lists 676 species of plants belonging to 91 families that occur in the 50 sq. km study area. Data on trees with diameters of 10 cm or more were collected systematically along line transects and opportunistic collections of fertile plants were made. For each plant species, the life-form, habitat preference and density (for trees recorded on transects) are listed. For plants that provide food for gorillas and chimpanzees, the part eaten is given. -
Certified Wood Species*
M. Bohlke Corp. 8375 N. Gilmore Road Fairfield, OH P: (513) 874-4400 mbveneer.com [email protected] Wood is Green Preserving and enhancing our natural resources. We have a strong commitment to the preservation and protection of the forests that supply our raw materials. We comply with all forestry standards and regulations by working with timberland owners to responsibly harvest their trees in a selective manner. By purchasing our trees and logs from private landowners and government-owned properties that hire state-certified foresters to mark mature trees for harvest, we are preserving our forests by leaving the smaller trees for further growth and future generations. Through selective harvesting, America’s hardwood forests have been able to regenerate more trees than are harvested. Most trees we use today come from third- or fourth-cut hardwood stands, allowing the temperate hardwoods of North America to regenerate to full mature age within one human lifetime. Only mature trees at the end of their life cycle are viable for veneer manufacturing – young trees do not yield a fine veneer product. For every one hundred trees in the forest, only about seven of them are suitable for veneer quality. In a time when timber regulations are becoming much more stringent, we pride ourselves on carrying a solid inventory of certified veneer and lumber. Responsible utilization of timber mandates that we be productive in our manufacturing processes to produce high yields from our raw material. For years, M. Bohlke Corp. has invested, developed and patented the latest technology to produce the most out of logs. -
Timber Trees of Liberia
Timber trees of Liberia University of Liberia, Monrovia [SCANNED BY OCR 25 JULY 2005] Timber Trees of Liberia by Ir J W A Jansen Formerly Assistant Professor of Forest Botany UNDP/SF/FAO College of Agriculture and Forestry Project University of Liberia University of Liberia Monrovia, 1974 A student at the University of Liberia’s Forest Project (WFP/FAO Photo by Banoun/Caracciolo) TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface....................................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction............................................................................................................................................... 2 Abura......................................................................................................................................................... 3 Acajou blanc ............................................................................................................................................. 5 African oak................................................................................................................................................ 7 Aiele.......................................................................................................................................................... 9 Azobé ...................................................................................................................................................... 11 Bossé ...................................................................................................................................................... -
Vegetative Propagation of Lovoa Trichilioides: Effect Provenancef O S , Substrate, Auxind an S Leaf Area
Journal of Tropical Forest Science 13 (1): 116-129 (2001) VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF LOVOA TRICHILIOIDES: EFFECT PROVENANCEF O S , SUBSTRATE, AUXIND AN S LEAF AREA Z. Tchoundjeu International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRtVF), BP 2123, Yaounde, Cameroon; e-mail: [email protected] & R. R. B. Leakey Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 OQB, Scotland, United Kingdom; e-mail: [email protected] Received October 1998_______________________________________________ TCHOUNDJEU, Z. & LEAKEY, R. R. B. 2001. Vegetative propagation of Lovoa trichilioides: effects of provenance, substrate, auxins and leaf area. Lovoa trichilioides (African walnut, dibetou or bibolo) is an important commercial timber species indigenou Weso st Centra d tan l Africa. However destructiolace e ,seedth th f k o d san n of young seedlings by shoot-borers have hampered large-scale regeneration of this species. As vegetative propagation is an effective means of multiplying selected trees within a tree improvement programme, this study focused on the main factors affecting rootine th g abilit f leafyo y stem cuttings. When testing different rooting substrates, single-node, leafy stem cuttings rooted significantly better in coarse gravel than in a forest topsoil-gravel mixture. The application of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) had no clear effect on mean rooting perentage, although three out of four treatments with differing concentrations of IBA gave final results that were significantly better than controle th . However, 50u considerege b IB appropriatn n Aa ca e b o dt e concentration to promote their rooting. Rooting ability was also affected by the node position. Cuttings fro e apicamth l nodes rooted significantly better than those from basal nodes of the same stem.