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Traditional Language Used in Production Traditional Language Used in Production 75 Traditional Language Used in Production There were several dialects spoken within the Border Rivers and Gwydir catchments. They included the Gamilaraay, Yuwalaraay and Yuwalayaay dialects as spoken by members of the Kamilaroi (Gomeroi) nation. The Nganyaywana language was spoken by members of the Anaiwan (or Eneewin) nation, whose land extends south from the border with the Banbai nation (near Guyra) towards Uralla and westward towards Tingha. Other notable languages within the area included Yukumbal (Jukumbal), from the Bundarra/Tingha/Inverell area, and Ngarabal, which was spoken around the Glen Innes area. This book uses and provides information on a few of the dialects spoken within the catchment. It is not intended for this book to be a language reference book, but the use of language names is included to help keep our language alive and for educational purposes. In some cases Aboriginal words have not been included as it has not been possible to collect detailed information on the relevant dialects. This book uses words and references primarily relating to the Gamilaraay, Yuwalaraay, Yuwalayaay, Banbai and Nganyaywana dialects (White 2010 pers. comm.). English Word Traditional Language / Dialect / Explanation Aboriginal nation anaiwan (Uralla/Bundarra / Armidale) district axe (handle) birra (Yuwaalayaay) axe (stone) birran.gaa (Yuwaalaraay) gambu (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) tila (Nganyaywana-Anaiwan) yuundu (Gamilaraay) (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) Aboriginal nation of the Guyra region banbai Aboriginal language dialect (Guyra region) bag man.garr (Gamilaraay) (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) mangga (Gamilaraay) bark nganda (Gamilaraay) bark (of tree) tharraa (Gamilaraay) bark canoe bunduurraa (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) bark container gumbilgal (Gamilaraay) (Yuwaalaraay) bark throwing stick wagarraa (Yuwaalaraay) bee’s wax mayaarr (Yuwaalaraay) bird trap dhiilgulay (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) bone midjul (Yuwaalaraay) bura (Gamilaraay) buya (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) 76 bone needle (awl) nhingal (Gamilaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) boomerang arkana (Nganyaywana-Anaiwan) arkanav (Nganyaywana-Anaiwan) bargan (Nganyaywana-Anaiwan) barran (Gamilaraay) (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) tua (Banbai) boomerang (comeback/returning) gulagarranba (Yuwaalaraay) boomerang (ceremonial/fighting) dhiinbaay (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) boomerang (fighting) bubarraa (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) bora message stick dhulu buurra (Yuwaalayaay) box tree, white bibil (Gamilaraay) buxus sempervirens yinav (Nganyaywana-Anaiwan) brown gunagunaa (Yuwaalayaay) bull roarer garrarana (Yuwaalaraay) gayandaay (Yuwaalayaay) murrumanamanaa (Yuwaalaraay) bulrush (cumbungi) burrarra (Gamilaraay) (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) burial ground dhanmurr (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) dhawunma (Gamilaraay) camp area maraay (Yuwaalaraay) canoe ganuu (Yuwaalaraay) nganda (Gamilaraay) canoe (bark) bunduurraa (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) carved (sacred) tree dhiil (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) carving mubirr (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) ceremonial stick wilgu (Yuwaalayaay) ceremonial/fighting boomerang dhiinbaay (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) cloak / coat guudii (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) clothing baya (Gamilaraay) club bundi (Gamilaraay) raypila (Nganyaywana-Anaiwan) rularukara (Nganyaywana-Anaiwan) club (fighting) (big) bugu (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) club (nulla nulla) guthurru (Gamilaraay) club (pointed) murrula (Gamilaraay) (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) club (shield) pikanga (Nganyaywana-Anaiwan) club (small) gudhurru (Gamilaraay) guthurru (Gamilaraay) club (throwing) wagarraa (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) 77 coat / cloak guudii (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) comeback/returning boomerang gulagarranba (Yuwaalaraay) container (bark) gumbilgal (Gamilaraay) (Yuwaalaraay) coolamon bin.guwi (Gamilaraay) (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) coolamon (small) wirri (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) cover burriin (Yuwaalayaay) death stone dhinagarralawaa (Yuwaalayaay) wuyugarralawaa (Yuwaalayaay) digging stick (yam stick) ganaay (Gamilaraay) ganay (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) dilly bag gulay (Gamilaraay) egg gawu (Gamilaraay) (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) emu dhinawan (Gamilaraay, Yuwaalaraay, Yuwaalayaay) dinewan (Guyra source) moorin (Yukumbal) ngoorung (ngarabal) nuran (Nganyaywana-Anaiwan) rrunyja (Nganyaywana-Anaiwan) thinawan (Gamilaraay) uroanda (Banbai) emu callers (decoy) buubuwin (Gamilaraay) (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) emu feather gundiirr (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) emu spear munun (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) feather wirriil (Gamilaraay) wurriil (Gamilaraay) yadhaarr (Gamilaraay) (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) fighting boomerang bubarraa (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) fighting club bugu (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) fighting hook lanyanga (Nganyaywana-Anaiwan) fire wii (Gamilaraay) dhuu (Yuwaalayaay) inpa (Nganyaywana-Anaiwan) firestick dhuuyaay (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) wiibiyaay (Yuwaalaraay) yiyabiyaay (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) fishing net gulay (Gamilaraay) fish trap badi (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) fishing spear dhindi (Yuwaalayaay) food mandha (Yuwaalaraay) yuul (Gamilaraay) (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) 78 gamilaraay Kamilaroi Nation language dialect. Consists of two parts: ‘gamil’ meaning ‘no’ and ‘araay’ meaning ‘having’, that is ‘the people who have gamil for no’. grain guli (Gamilaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) grindstone (large) dhayurr (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) grindstone (small) giba (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) gum tree yarraan (Gamilaraay) rala (Nganyaywana-Anaiwan) hand mara (Gamilaraay) mala (Nganyaywana-Anaiwan) handle (axe) birra (Yuwaalayaay) hook (fighting) lanyanga (Nganyaywana-Anaiwan) hunting spear anpelanga (Nganyaywana-Anaiwan) (anbelang - written in the original source) mirringamu (Gamilaraay) (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) initiation ground buurru (Gamilaraay) gunaba (Gamilaraay) jagged spear mambarinya (Nganyaywana-Anaiwan) mirringamu (Gamilaraay) (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) kangaroo bandaarr (Grey) (Gamilaraay) bawurra (Red) (Gamilaraay) groman (Ngarabal) imbandja (Nganyaywana-Anaiwan) imbanja (Guyra Sources) imbonda (Guyra Sources) imbawnda (Banbai) gingger (Banbai) kooamon (Yukumbal) mpunya (Nganyaywana-Anaiwan) mpwantja (Nganyaywana-Anaiwan) wambun (Nganyaywana-Anaiwan) kangaroo rat (bettong) milaya (Yuwaalayaay) dhurrawaay (Gamilaraay) gunharr (Gamilaraay) (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) thuRaway (Gamilaraay) minta (Nganyaywana-Anaiwan) para (Nganyaywana-Anaiwan) knife mambul (Yuwaalaraay) nhaayba (Gamilaraay) (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) nhaayibu (Gamilaraay) knife (stone) impunta (Nganyaywana-Anaiwan) magal (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) koala guda (Gamilaraay) 79 medicine dhalbin (Yuwaalaraay) message stick dhulu (Gamilaraay) maang (Gamilaraay) message stick (bora) dhulu buurra (Yuwaalayaay) nganyaywana Aboriginal language dialect (Anaiwan Nation) needle (bone) (awl) nhingal (Gamilaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) nest gaarimay (Yuwaalayaay) walaay (Gamilaraay) (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) net bag gulay (Gamilaraay) (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) luya (Nganyaywana-Anaiwan) net, fishing gulay (Gamilaraay) ngarabal Aboriginal nation of the Glen Innes district. Aboriginal language dialect (Glen Innes region) nulla nulla (club) guthurru (Gamilaraay) peg yiya (Yuwaalayaay) poison stick bugiyaa (Yuwaalaraay) gadhiigurrii (Yuwaalayaay) possum muthay (Gamilaraay) pwila (Nganyaywana-Anaiwan) rain dhama-y (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) gali (Gamilaraay) gali baarri (Gamilaraay) yungkara (Nganyaywana-Anaiwan) yuuruu (Gamilaraay) yuuyuu (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) yuuyuu bundaa-gi (phrase) (Yuwaalayaay) dhama-y (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) baarri-y (Gamilaraay) rain-making stone wuudalay (Yuwaalayaay) red guwaymbarra (Gamilaraay) (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) red ochre guuwarr (Yuwaalayaay) reed dhariil (Gamilaraay) thariil (Gamilaraay) mwanta (Nganyaywana-Anaiwan) returning/comeback boomerang gulagarranba (Yuwaalaraay) river bagaay (Gamilaraay) bagay (Gamilaraay) (Yuwaalaraay) gaawaa (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) river bank baga (Gamilaraay) (Yuwaalaraay) root warran (Gamilaraay) rope buurr (Gamilaraay) (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) nhimin (Gamilaraay) yurrugu (Yuwaalaraay) 80 sacred (carved) tree dhiil (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) sacred stone gabarraa (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) seed dhinggal (Yuwaalaraay) yiya (Yuwaalayaay) yurrul (Yuwaalaraay) scar mubirr (Yuwaalayaay) yurrun (Gamilaraay) (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) scraper gayn (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) shell waa (Gamilaraay) (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) shield burriin (Gamilaraay) yiilaman (Yuwaalaraay) llemen (Guyra source) shield (broad) burriin (Gamilaraay) (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) shield (club) pikanga (Nganyaywana-Anaiwan) sinew dhunbil (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) gugirrii (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) sinew string dhunbilyabi (Yuwaalayaay) spear anbilang (Nganyaywana-Anaiwan) bilaarr (Gamilaraay) (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) dhu-rri (Gamilaraay) (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) gyinba (Nganyaywana-Anaiwan) mumbiriny (Nganyaywana-Anaiwan) pikora (Banbai) thu-gi (Gamilaraay) spear (ceremonial) wilgu (Yuwaalayaay) spear (emu) munun (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) spear (fishing) dhindi (Yuwaalayaay) spear (hunting) anpelanga (Nganyaywana-Anaiwan) spear (jagged) mambarinya (Nganyaywana-Anaiwan) mirringamu (Gamilaraay) (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) spear (shield) intuta (Nganyaywana-Anaiwan) spear (thrower) (woomera) muRula (Gamilaraay) wamara (Nganyaywana-Anaiwan) wamara (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) spear (war) kyanpa (Nganyaywana-Anaiwan) spirit (human) dhubayn (Yuwaalaraay) dhuwi (Gamilaraay) (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) milaygiin (Gamilaraay)
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