Fact Sheet UNHCR Venezuela

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Fact Sheet UNHCR Venezuela FACT SHEET Venezuela March 2019 The country was hit by a massive nation-wide blackout on 7 March which lasted five days and was followed by recurrent long power outages throughout the rest of the month. The blackout brought Venezuela to a standstill and interrupted already unreliable water, telecommunications, electronic payment and fuel services. Particularly hit were the western states of Apure, Táchira and Zulia –where most of UNHCR’s prioritised communities lie- and Maracaibo, the country’s second largest city, was wrought by widespread looting. The outage seriously affected operational capacity and morale in field offices and the living conditions of people of concern to UNHCR. The borders with Colombia and Brazil remained closed throughout the month, forcing people in transit to use increasingly risky and expensive informal crossing routes and impacting negatively on the livelihoods of border communities that have been traditionally dependent on cross-border commuting. The political power struggle continued, with opposition leader Juan Guaido’ making a triumphal return to the country on 1 March and exploiting the blackout to step up mobilisation against President Nicolas Maduro. The government blamed the blackouts on sabotage by the opposition and technological attacks by the United States, while the opposition blamed it on government ineptitude and corruption. The economy of Venezuela ground to a halt, schools and offices remained closed for most of the month and shops only accepted cash, which has been traditionally scarce. The Bolivar has been gradually supplanted by the Colombian peso and the Brazilian real at the borders and by the US dollar in Caracas. HIGHLIGHTS FUNDING (AS OF MARCH 2019) TOTAL ESTIMATED HOST COMMUNITIES BENEFICIARIES USD 12.9 million + 270,000 requested for Venezuela PERSONS OF CONCERN (GOVERNMENT FIGURES) Refugees 8,464 Asylum seekers 142 Source: National Refugee Commission Venezuela Persons in refugee-like situation: 117,653 Source: INE Venezuela UNHCR PRESENCE Staff: 77 Personnel: 63 national staff 2 affiliate workforce/deployees 1 national intern 11 international staff Offices: 1 Representation in Caracas 4 Field Offices in San Cristóbal (Táchira), Guasdualito (Apure), Maracaibo (Zulia) and Ciudad Guayana (Bolivar) 1 Field Unit in Caracas www.unhcr.org 1 FACT SHEET Venezuela MARCH 2019 Working with Partners UNHCR is implementing community-based activities in 54 prioritised communities in eight states, primarily in the border areas with Colombia, Brazil and Trinidad and Tobago, but also in Greater Caracas and the nearby Miranda state. UNHCR is working with 15 implementing partners (Aliadas en Cadena, AZUL Positivo, Jesuit Refugee Services (JRS), Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS), Refugee Education Trust (RET), Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC), Red Cross Zulia, Luz y Vida, Fe y Alegría, Sociedad Wills Wilde, Fogones y Banderas, Fundación Innocens, Fundación Casa Bonita and Fundación Soy un Guardian), as well as other local actors, including government institutions and NGOs. UNHCR holds regular coordination meetings with humanitarian and development actors to discuss the design, coordination and implementation of the protection response for persons of concern and host communities, including identification, provision of humanitarian assistance, monitoring of refugee rights and promotion of durable solutions. UNHCR liaises within the United Nations Country Team and with specific United Nations agencies to mainstream protection issues within the United Nations Development Assistance Framework, and other shared mechanisms. UNHCR chairs the Protection Working Group, an inter-agency space for joint analysis of protection gaps and coordination of protection response and advocacy. UNHCR’s main Government partners are the National Commission for Refugees (CONARE), the Ombudsperson’s Office and Child Protection Councils, as well as community councils. Main Activities Community-based Protection UNHCR promotes an innovative community-based approach to assess and respond to the protection needs and risks of persons of concern in Venezuela. UNHCR is strengthening communication with communities and organizing trainings for outreach volunteers and youth networks to enhance the identification and referrals of persons with specific needs. UNHCR is working with community structures such as community groups, women and youth networks to engage the community in the implementation of projects identified by the communities themselves, seeking to improve community response and ensuring the sustainability of projects and community processes. Since 2018, UNHCR and its partners have been implementing community projects on nutrition, health, water and sanitation and education. UNHCR is supporting a national protection network providing assistance and counselling to persons in transit, and safe spaces for the attention of sexual and gender-based survivors and children at risk. The safe spaces provide confidential case management, counselling, psychosocial support, medical aid and legal services. UNHCR supports a community centre in Caracas delivering multi-sectorial services from different actors to provide legal counselling, group information sessions on different topics such as rights and referral pathways, hygiene promotion, HIC prevention, as well as catch-up classes for children out of school and material assistance for persons with specific needs, among others. Asylum and Durable Solutions UNHCR promotes international refugee law and refugee status determination procedures, encouraging State institutions to identify and refer persons in need of international protection to the asylum procedure. UNHCR and partners conduct capacity building activities with government institutions. In close coordination with UNHCR in Colombia, UNHCR Venezuela facilitates and supports the voluntary repatriation of refugees, ensuring that they are enabled to take well-informed and voluntary decisions and are repatriated in conditions of safety and dignity. Since 2015, UNHCR has supported the voluntary repatriation to Colombia of 194 persons of concern. www.unhcr.org 2 FACT SHEET Venezuela MARCH 2019 Activities implemented in February 2019 Working with Partners and Authorities UNHCR Venezuela held a three-day (27-29 March) meeting and workshop with institutional partner National Commission for Refugees (CONARE) to discuss the details of a joint Work Plan that both sides hope to be able to launch in the near future. Community-based Protection UNHCR Ciudad Guayana met with representatives of the Catholic University Andres Bello (UCAB) to discuss the assessment on forced displacement the UCAB will carry out with the support of UNHCR in the states of Bolivar and Delta Amacuro to identify displacement trends in the region. On International Women’s Day, UNHCR organized a cinema forum in Ciudad Guayana, showing the film "You are not alone, Sara", a story on gender-based physical and psychological mistreatment. The event was attended by members of the Safe Spaces Network, the Office of the Ombudsman, the Office of the Public Prosecutor, the Institute of Public Health, the Bolivarian National Police, the Bolivarian National Guard, the Childhood Protection System and other institutions and organisations. Following the film showing, 67 people participated in a forum on women’s rights and the need to strengthen prevention and protection mechanisms against sexual and gender-based violence. Field Office San Cristobal visited Mi Pequeña Barinas and Llano de Jorge in San Antonio and also Boca Del Grita to meet with local communities and follow up on interventions carried out by UNHCR and partners. All projects proved to have had a positive impact on the prioritized communities, especially the ones involving WASH, and wide support was expressed for UNHCR’s work and presence in the area, a factor that is conducive to a resumption of field missions as soon as conditions will allow it. Partner Red Cross has begun the implementation of CERF activities in Zulia State. The first nutritional task force was held in the community Gran Sabana and resulted in 144 nutritional evaluations of both children and adults. Also, an information session on nutrition and WASH was conducted with 39 community leaders. UNHCR carried out a joint activity with the Public Prosecutor's Office in the prioritized community of Guanamo, Bolívar state, involving a film forum on gender-based physical and psychological violence and providing information on national law on the rights of women. UNHCR Ciudad Guayana also organized an awareness-raising activity with partner Red Cross at the main bus station in regional capital Ciudad Bolivar, providing information on HIV/AIDS, contraceptives, blood pressure testing and information to people in transit to other countries to a total of 204 individuals. Within the CERF framework, UNHCR in Táchira supported two nutritional brigades in the prioritized community of La Tendida. Staff from the regional National Nutrition Institute (INN) office and local walk-in clinic evaluated 148 persons, 19 of whom were diagnosed with a nutritional deficit. The INN also delivered anti-parasitic drugs and vitamins to children under 5 years of age. In Amazonas state, UNHCR partner HIAS and INN have launched a nutritional evaluation activity in the community of Sabaneta, examining to date 106 individuals. UNHCR Field Office Caracas worked with the local Antonio José de Sucre prioritised community in Petare to develop the communications mapping
Recommended publications
  • View of Methodology
    THE TENSION BETWEEN DEVELOPMENTAL LAND USES AND THE CONSERVATION AREA DESIGNATION: A CASE STUDY OF THE CREOLES IN CATANIAPO RIVER BASIN, VENEZUELA A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science Hector V. Blanco-Ponce June 2005 This thesis entitled THE TENSION BETWEEN DEVELOPMENTAL LAND USES AND THE CONSERVATION AREA DESIGNATION: A CASE STUDY OF THE CREOLES IN CATANIAPO RIVER BASIN, VENEZUELA BY HECTOR V. BLANCO-PONCE has been approved for the Program of Environmental Studies and the College of Arts and Sciences by Nancy Bain Professor of Geography Leslie A. Flemming Dean, College of Arts and Science BLANCO-PONCE, HECTOR V. M.S. June 2005. Environmental Studies The Tension Between Developmental Land Uses and the Conservation Area Designation: A Case Study of the Creoles in Cataniapo River Basin, Venezuela (100 pp.) Director of Thesis: Nancy Bain Shifting cultivation is a contributing activity of deforestation in the Venezuelan tropical forest. It involves slash-and burn techniques as a cheap mean for clearing forestland for agriculture that is not compatible for conservation area designation. This study focuses on a case-study of small farmers settled on a protected area in Venezuela and addresses the question of what are the social aspects of deforestation. The data used to explore these issues consist of a survey of 83 households in 2005. Overall, results indicate that origin, product markets, and off-farm labor opportunities influence deforestation decisions. Households with greater levels of education and off-farm labor income or wealth are relatively new to the area, and are more likely to use the land for residential or recreational purposes.
    [Show full text]
  • AMAZONAS PUERTO AYACUCHO CENTRO MEDICO AMAZONAS Av. Rómulo Gallegos, Puerto Ayacucho (0248) 5213883 / 4445 / 2491 ANZOATEGUI AN
    ESTADO LOCALIDAD PROVEEDOR DE SALUD DIRECCIÓN TELÉFONOS AMAZONAS PUERTO AYACUCHO CENTRO MEDICO AMAZONAS Av. Rómulo Gallegos, Puerto Ayacucho (0248) 5213883 / 4445 / 2491 ANZOATEGUI ANACO GRUPO MEDICO ORIENTE (Electivas) Calle Colombia, Cruce C/C La Industria. (0282) 4002053 / 4222476 / 4255790 ANZOATEGUI BARCELONA CENTRO MEDICO ZAMBRANO Av. Caracas, Frente Al Hotel Oliviana (0281) 2701311 / 2763550 / 2762611 ANZOATEGUI BARCELONA UNIDAD CLINICA DE ESPECIALIDADES ORIENTE Av. Country Club Con Calle Maturín N 89 (0281) 2740423 ANZOATEGUI EL TIGRE CENTRO MEDICO MAZZARRI-REY Calle 20. Sur No. 8. Al Lado De Intercable. (0283) 2410467 ANZOATEGUI EL TIGRE CLINICA SANTA ROSA C.A Av. Francisco de Miranda Nro. 223 El Tigre Edo. Anzoategui (0283-5005100 ) Av Winston churchill local Nro S/N Sector Pueblo Nuevo Sur El ANZOATEGUI EL TIGRE CENTRO QUIRURGICO WINSTON CHURCHILL C.A. (0283)2413379 Tigre Anzoategui. ANZOATEGUI PUERTO LA CRUZ CENTRO CLINICO SANTA ANA Av. Principal, Urb. Caribe, N° 43 Pto. La Cruz. (0281) 5009262 / 5009222 An cinco de julio cruce con calle Arismendi N 40 Sector centro ANZOATEGUI PUERTO LA CRUZ POLICLINICA PUERTO LA CRUZ (0281) 2685332/2675904 Puerto la Cruz ANZOATEGUI PUERTO LA CRUZ CENTRO DE ESPECIALIDADES MEDICAS VIRGEN DEL VALLE Final Calle 1, Urb. Chuparin. (0281) 2685301 7 2697320 / 9835 9 Av Intercomunal Jorge Rodríguez, Lechería 6016, ANZOATEGUI LECHERIA CENTRO MEDICO TOTAL (0281) 2657311 Anzoátegui Av. Principal De Lecherías, N° 55, Fte. Al Centro Médico ANZOATEGUI LECHERIA UNIDAD MEDICA OFTALMOLOGICA DE LECHERIA (0281) 2868777 / 2493 Anzoátegui, Lecherías APURE SAN FERNANDO DE APURE CENTRO MEDICO DEL SUR Av. Revolución, Edif. Centro Médico Del Sur (0247)341.5262 Calle Comercio, N° 65-29 Y 65-28, Entre Bermúdez Y ARAGUA CAGUA POLICLINICA CENTRO (0244) 34478005 Pichincha ARAGUA CAGUA UNIDAD MEDICA QUIRURGICA DRA.
    [Show full text]
  • Estratificación Del Riesgo De Dengue En La Ciudad De Puerto Ayacucho, Estado Amazonas, Venezuela
    Revista del Instituto Nacional de Higiene “Rafael Rangel”, 2014; 45 (1) Estratificación del riesgo de dengue en la ciudad de Puerto Ayacucho, estado Amazonas, Venezuela. Período 1995-2010. Dengue fever risk stratification in Puerto Ayacucho City, Amazonas State, Venezuela. 1995-2010 period. NATHALIA E CARDONA CH1, MARIA C DUARTE R1, LUISA M DELGADO M2, KENIA DEL V GONZÁLEZ B3, DAISY M GARCÍA O1, MILIAN C PACHECO T1, CARLOS BOTTO A1 RESUMEN ABSTRACT El control del Aedes aegypti (vector principal del Dengue), Control of Aedes aegypti is difficult to perform due to the se dificulta por la extensión y heterogeneidad de los ba- extent and variety of neighborhoods where the breeding rrios donde se encuentran los criaderos, la carencia de grounds are found, the lack of permanent access to public acceso permanente a servicios públicos y por la ausencia services, and to the absence of a strict and constant epi- de vigilancia epidemiológica estricta y constante. Se regis- demiological surveillance. 2,603 confirmed dengue cases traron 2.603 casos de dengue confirmados por IgM-den- (IgM-dengue) were recorded during the 1995-2010 period. gue, durante el período 1995-2010. El estudio se realizó This study was carried out in Puerto Ayacucho, main city en Puerto Ayacucho, capital del estado Amazonas con of Amazonas State, Venezuela, with 98,824 inhabitants. 98.824 habitantes. Los casos confirmados se agruparon Confirmed cases of individuals affected were grouped de acuerdo con la localización de su residencia. La infor- according to the location of their residence. Information mación se representó espacialmente para analizar los pa- is spatially represented to analyze space-time patterns trones espacio-temporales del dengue, estableciéndose of dengue, establishing a stratification of the city.
    [Show full text]
  • O C É a N a T L a N T I Q
    74° 72°Îles Los Monjes Aruba 70° Antilles Néerlandaises (PAYS-BAS) 66° 64° 62° 60° (VÉN.) Péninsule (P.-B.) Curaçao Bonaire É Île de Aves D PENDANCES FÉ É SAINT-GEORGES 12° VÉNÉZUÉLA 12° de la Guajira Pueblo Nuevo D RAL ES 15°30 63°30 PUERTO LÓPEZ Adicora WILLEMSTAD Île Amuay PPéninsuleéninsule de Îles Las Aves GRENADE ParaguanParaguanáá Île La Blanquilla 58° URIBIA Punto Fijo La Orchila RIOHACHA Golfe du Venezuela Puerto Cumarebo Îles Île de M E R Los Roques D E S NU E V A A N T I L L E S Tobago Paraguaipoa Île de Îles Coro Margarita ESPARTA Los Testigos Sabaneta Île Altagracia n SCARBOROUGH Á La Asunción o Pic Christophe IJ f La Tortuga g R San Ra ael La Cruz Boca a v r Colomb E Chichiri iche Maiquetía m Porla ar D P de Taratara La Guaira de Pozo PORT D'ESPAGNE 5775 u E Altagraraciacia Churuguara Péninsule de Paria Ó Catia Carúpano d D FALC N s Puerto e Île de la TRINITÉ- la Mar Araya h CARACAS c Maracaibo SantSantaa Rita Morón Cabello Cariaco Güiria u ARIMA Trinité VALLEDUPAR LARA San Felipe o 6 H Cumaná B A Maracay iguerote SUCRE ET-TOBAGO R 1787 vers SANTA MARTA Rosario Cabimas Petare R Barquisimeto 5 Golfe de Paria SAN FERNANDO E I Ciudad Ojeda Barcelona Caripito Bo 10° S Machiques Carora 7 Los Teques uc POINT FORTIN Lac 4 8 Quiriquire he d 3750 Quibor Yaritagua Turmero Puerto u Serpent Barranquitas Mene Grande Cabudare Valencia Clarines Maturín Pedernales de Altagracia la Cruz 3130 San Juan O C É A N Araure de Orituco Aragua de Punta de Mata a Delta de Maracaibo San Carlos Anaco ip ZULIA Trujillo 3652 de los Morros Barcelona Aguasay Guan Valera Acarigua Zaraza MONAGAS l'Orl'Orénoqueénoque é El Sombrero Tucupido Cantaura San Carlos 2 Turén COJEDES Puerto Tucupita del Zulia Boconó Guanare El Baúl Valle de El Salto Amador 4000 o Calabozo Calderas a la Pascua A T L A N T I Q U E EL BANCO MÉRIDA 3 P Á El Tigre DELTA AMAMACACURO Casigua A are G U RIM C O a uan á Barrancas 4762 D G Pariag n n Edijo I o a e c R n l El Vigía i Espino É Barinas Guanarito r PARC NAT.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix B: Places
    Appendix B: Place codes The following list provides state-specific codes for all place variables. This means that, in most cases, the meaning of the place code is dependent on the corresponding state code. The list contains the sections: generic codes, places in the countries of study (Uruguay, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Perú, and Venezuela), U.S. places, and, other international places. Generic codes For all geographical variables, there exist a set of commonly used codes: 0000 Concealed code (to protect confidentiality) 8888 Not applicable 9999 Unknown / missing U.S.- specific generic code: 7777 Existing location, but outside of established municipio/MSA/city. Note: The Generic place codes are the only geo-codes that are not state-specific. Uruguay (287) Places at the Department level have a 4-number code; if the city was located at a smaller geographical region, the code will have a 1- or a 2-number code. Cities Departments 1 Montevideo 1901 Artigas 2 Punta del Este 1902 Canelones 3 Minas 1903 Cerro Largo 4 Punta del Diablo 1904 Colonia 5 Las Piedras 1905 Durazno 6 Castillos 1906 Flores 7 Pando 1907 Florida 8 Paso de los Toros 1908 Lavalleja 9 Santa Lucía 1909 Maldonado 10 Barros Blancos 1910 Montevideo 1911 Paysandú 1912 Río Negro 1913 Rivera 1914 Rocha 1915 Salto 1916 San José 1917 Soriano 1918 Tacuarembo 1919 Treinta yTres LAMP UY4 - B1 - August 2020 Cuba (237) Places at the Provincia level have a 4-number code; if the city was located at a smaller geographical region, the code will have a 1- or a 2-number code.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Nicaulis Ariadna Alliey Rodriguez, D.M.A. Curriculum Vitae
    NICAULIS ARIADNA ALLIEY RODRIGUEZ, D.M.A. Flutist, Performer, Educator 2219WRice Street, Apt. Garden Front Chicago, IL, 60622 Phone: 402-617-4230 Email: [email protected] CURRICULUM VITAE Education University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Glenn Korff School of Music, Lincoln, NE. Doctorate of Musical Arts (D.M.A).December, 2016. Principal teacher: Dr. John Bailey. University of Paris IV-Sorbonne, Paris, France. Maîtrise en Musique. November, 1995. Principal teacher: Dr. Louis Jambou. “Hector Berlioz” Conservatory of the 10thArrondissement, Paris, France. Diploma of Superior Studies of Flute: 1st Prize, unanimous, at Ville de Paris Centralized Competition. June, 1994. Principal teacher: Raymond Guiot. “Jose Reyna” School of Music. Caracas, Venezuela. Degree of Professor-Performer in Wind Instruments (Flute). July, 1993. Principal teacher: José Antonio Naranjo. “Jose Luis Paz” Conservatory of Music. Maracaibo, Venezuela. Diplomas of completion of studies in Flute and Music Language. July 1991. “Julio Árraga” Fine Arts School. Maracaibo, Venezuela. Baccalaureate of Humanities, with concentration in Fine Arts. July, 1989. Current occupation General Music Teacher (K-8), Acero Schools-Roberto Clemente Elementary, Chicago, IL, since August 2017. Artistic collaboration with Cayambis Music Press, since Summer 2017. Flutist, Music of the Americas Ensemble, Chicago, IL, since July, 2016. Second Flute, Lincoln Symphony Orchestra. Lincoln, NE. Since September, 2015. Member of the World Music Committee of the National Flute Association (NFA), term 2016-2021. Flutist, Duo Alliey (flute and guitar), since 1990. Teaching Experience Higher Education 1 NICAULIS ALLIEY, D.M.A. Phone: 402-617-4230 2219 W. Rice Street, Apt. Garden Front. Chicago, IL, 60622, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 2013-2016 Graduate Teaching Assistant, Glenn Korff School of Music, University of Nebraska- Lincoln.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Figures in the Cave Paintings of Southern Venezuela
    Human Figures in the Cave Paintings of Southern Venezuela John Greer and Mavis Greer Five technological styles defined for prehistoric painted rock art are temporally sensitive and have been arranged into a chronological ordering. Examination of anthropomorphs suggests that, (1) depiction of humans apparently follows the same general rules as for other kinds of figures, (2) various social and historical themes are identifiable, and (3) temporal changes between styles may be due most- ly to changes between populations, such as inter-ethnic pressure or replacement. t has long been known that rock art sites are numerous in southern Venezuela (Cruxent 1946, 1960; Perera 1986; Perera and Moreno 1984; ITavera Acosta 1956), but it has only been in the last few years that more intensive recording and study have begun (Sujo Volsky 1975; de Valencia and Sujo Volsky 1987; Scaramelli 1992; Colantoni and Delgado 1992). Only recently the quantity and complexity of the painted art have John Greer Ph.D begun to be understood, and initial attempts to organize the art and and study its variation have been pursued (Novoa Alvarez 1985; Tarble 1991; Mavis Greer Ph.D Tarble and Scaramelli 1993; Greer 1994). As with several people working on rock art in the area, we are concen- trating on general inventory and site location, with the initial goal of Greer Services defining a chronology of styles, and trying to recognize geographic dif- Casper, Wyoming USA ferences within those periods. Various students under the guidance of Kay Tarble-Scaramelli, in Caracas, continue to work on related aspects of archeology and ethnography (Fernández and Gassón 1993; Tarble 1990), and Franz Scaramelli is pursuing intensive study of two important sites near the lower Parguaza, following his interpretive work on the Middle Orinoco just to the north (Scaramelli and Tarble 1993).
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2013
    Venezuela I. introduction 439. Having evaluated the human rights situation in Venezuela, the IACHR decided to include Venezuela in this Chapter because it considers that it falls under Article 59(6)(a)(i) of the IACHR’s Rules of Procedure that came into force on August 1, 2013, which establishes as a criterion for the inclusion of a member state in this chapter the existence of “a. a serious breach of the core requirements and institutions of representative democracy mentioned in the Inter-American Democratic Charter, which are essential means of achieving human rights, including: i. there is discriminatory access to or abusive exercise of power that undermines or denies the rule of law, such as systematic infringement of the independence of the judiciary or lack of subordination of State institutions to the legally constituted civilian authority….” 440. On November 22, 2013, the IACHR transmitted to the State a copy of the preliminary draft of this section of its 2013 Annual Report, pursuant to Article 59.10 of its Rules, and asked that it presented its observations within a month. On December 20, 2013, the Commission received the observations and comments of the State which were incorporated, where pertinente, in the instant report. 441. The Commission has identified structural situations, such as changes in the law that create legal and administrative restrictions that affect the exercise and enjoyment of human rights in Venezuela. In its previous reports on Venezuela, the Commission has repeatedly pointed to structural issues such as the practice of appointing provisional, temporary or interim judges and prosecutors, which weakens the judicial branch and strips it of its Independence and impartiality, thereby adversely affecting the right of access to justice.
    [Show full text]
  • East Asian Genotypes of Helicobacter Pylori Strains in Amerindians Provide Evidence for Its Ancient Human Carriage
    East Asian genotypes of Helicobacter pylori strains in Amerindians provide evidence for its ancient human carriage Chandrabali Ghose*, Guillermo I. Perez-Perez*, Maria-Gloria Dominguez-Bello†, David T. Pride*, Claudio M. Bravi‡, and Martin J. Blaser*§ *Departments of Microbiology and Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016; †Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Physiology, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, 1020A, Caracas, Venezuela; and ‡Centro de Investigaciones en Genetica Basica y Aplicada, School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, B1900AVW, La Plata, Argentina Communicated by Emil C. Gotschlich, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, September 23, 2002 (received for review April 20, 2002) Phylogenies of indigenous microbes have been used as surrogates However, the period during which humans have been colo- for the origins of the hosts that carry them. Conversely, polymor- nized with H. pylori is controversial (22, 23). Studies examining phisms may be used to date the spread of a microbial species when polymorphisms in H. pylori isolates from Latin American pa- information about their host populations is available. Therefore, tients showed European genotypes, and Kersulyte et al. have we examined polymorphisms in Helicobacter pylori, which persis- suggested that South America may have been H. pylori-free tently colonize the human stomach, to test the hypothesis that before the European colonization and Europeans might have they have been ancient inhabitants of humans. Three H. pylori loci introduced H. pylori to the New World after Columbus (15, 23). that previously have been shown to have phylogeographic affinity However, the patients in that study and in our previous work have been analyzed for two populations with different ethnic were from metropolitan areas and are mestizo, with mixed origins from Venezuela.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.La Cuenca Del Río Orinoco: Visión Hidrográfica Y Balance Hídrico
    Revista Geográfica Venezolana ISSN: 1012-1617 [email protected] Universidad de los Andes Venezuela Silva León, Gustavo La cuenca del río Orinoco: visión hidrográfica y balance hídrico Revista Geográfica Venezolana, vol. 46, núm. 1, enero-junio, 2005, pp. 75-108 Universidad de los Andes Mérida, Venezuela Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=347730348007 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Revista Geográfica Venezolana, Vol. 46(1) 2005, 75-108 La cuenca del río Orinoco: visión hidrográfica y balance hídrico The Orinoco River basin: hydrographic view and its hydrological balance Gustavo Silva León* Recibido: octubre, 2003 / Aceptado: mayo, 2004 Resumen Se describe la cuenca internacional del río Orinoco en lo referente a ubicación, límites, di- mensiones, extensión, regiones, ciudades, integración fluvial, clima, régimen de escorrentía y tributarios principales. Luego se aborda el balance hídrico de la cuenca, simplificando la ecuación general al caso del promedio anual, en que el aporte por precipitación es igual a la salida por escorrentía y evapotranspiración. Primero se realiza un balance ajustado al promedio histórico de 14.850 m3/s que tiene el río Orinoco en Puerto Ayacucho, a cuya cuenca de 342.000 Km2 se calculan 2.660 mm/año de precipitación y 1.260 mm/año de evapotranspiración, resultando buenos indicadores de rendimiento hídrico: productividad de 43 l/s/Km2 y coeficiente de escorrentía de 51 %.
    [Show full text]
  • Venezuela Mini Eco-Trips
    1 - VENEZUELA - MINI ECO-TRIPS Index Page 1. Cover page one and map of Venezuelan destinations 2. Index page 3. Introduction, Caracas - Canaima (standard 3 day trip) 4. Canaima variations 5. Canaima variations - Orinoco Delta 6. Henri Pitter National Park, Caribbean coastline and beaches (mainland and islands) 7. Caribbean coastline and beaches (mainland and islands) 8. Oriente (north east) - Harpy Eagle Extension (east) 9. Mérida – Mérida / Los Nevados / The Páramos 10. Los Llanos (Hato Cedral) – Los Llanos (General) 11. Maracaibo Lake / Catatumbo Lightning (Nr Mérida) – Autana (Amazonas) 12. Autana (cont/d.) – Trekking: Pan de Azúcar (Mérida) 13. Trekking: Roraima – Auyántepui (Canaima National Park) 14. Trekking: (cont/d) Auyántepui (Canaima National Park) 15. Angel-Eco’s Terms & Conditions 2 - VENEZUELA - MINI ECO-TRIPS During your holidays customize your own itinerary with your friends and colleagues by joining together various mini eco-trips available throughout this beautiful country. For the major Venezuelan holidays such as Semana Santa and Carnival, when all of Venezuela seems to travel, we strongly suggest that you firm up your travel plans well in advance to avoid disappointment. As much as 3-4 months in advance is advisable. Hotels in Caracas can be used at different intervals, such as when you arrive and when you leave, however, since for many, Caracas is “home” - this may be irrelevant. Combine these regional modules to build your own personalized itinerary and help contribute to Angel- Eco Tours and Angel Conservation’s “Proyecto Pemón” - a community based project working directly with the Pemón Indians of Kamarata Valley in Canaima National Park. Caracas Canaima National Park & Angel Falls Departs Daily 4 days Best time to visit – Rainy season (Jun-Dec) Departs Daily 3 days Day 1: Arrive Caracas You are welcomed to Venezuela’s capital and transferred to Day 1: Caracas / Canaima National Park your hotel, well located with a wide selection of facilities.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Sistema Metropolitano Binacional Entre Colombia Y
    Aldea Mundo ISSN: 1316-6727 [email protected] Universidad de los Andes Venezuela Urdaneta, Alberto Sistema metropolitano binacional entre Colombia y Venezuela. Necesidad de acometer su estudio Aldea Mundo, vol. 16, núm. 32, julio-diciembre, 2011, pp. 19-29 Universidad de los Andes Táchira, Venezuela Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=54331040003 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Alberto Urdaneta / Sistema metropolitano binacional... / 19- 29 Aldea Mundo Revista sobre Fronteras e Integración Año 16, No. 32 / Julio - Diciembre 2011 (2) ISNN 1316 - 6727 / Depósito Legal 1996 - 02TA-3 19 Investigación SISTEMA METROPOLITANO BINACIONAL ENTRE COLOMBIA Y VENEZUELA. NECESIDAD DE ACOMETER SU ESTUDIO ALBERTO URDANETA* Resumen En uno de los puntos fronterizos más vivos de Latinoamerica, aquel que se encuentra en el área comprendida entre el Estado Táchira, en Venezuela y el Departamento Norte de Santander, en Colombia, se dan flujos muy intensos de vehículos, personas, bienes y servicios; decenas de miles de vehículos y miles de toneladas de bienes, cruzan diariamente el límite político territorial. Allí hay todo un mercado de trabajo que alcanza a decenas de miles de personas. Se ha llegado a formar una mancha urbana con territorio de los dos países, una ciudad binacional y, más todavía, un Sistema Metropolitano Binacional, integrado por unos cuantos centros urbanos pertenecientes a Venezuela y a Colombia. Este trabajo plantea los aspectos y características más relevantes que justifican el desarrollo de un estudio de tal naturaleza orientado propiciar el desarrollo conjunto y compartido de dicho espacio urbano.
    [Show full text]