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NOW IN OUR SECOND CENTURY OF SERVICE SEPTEMBER, 1954 1 The Capitol Washington Portrait in stormy iveather NO. 7 IN A SERIES OF COMPOSITE REPRODUCTIONS OF THE FACE OF THE NATION S CAPITAL Old cut ol Riggs & Co., wbicb bad an "Extension of tbe Cap¬ itol Account1' in tbe 1850's wben worb on tbe present dome was begun. Charles Bapt COMPLETE BANKING AND NATIONAL BANK TRUST SERVICE of WASHINGTON, D. C. RESOURCES OVER $300,000,000 FOUNDED 1836 LARGEST FINANCIAL INSTITUTION IN THE NATION’S CAPITAL Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation • Member Federal Reserve Syste FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL published, monthly by THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION SEPTEMBER 1954 Volume 31, Number 9 CONTENTS page 20 FEDERAL EMPLOYEE SECURITY PROCEDURES by Security Minded 24 UNITED NATIONS CHARTER REVIEW THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE by Lincoln P. Bloomfield ASSOCIATION 26 RIF AND RETURN by Melville E. Blake, Jr. Honorary President JOHN FOSTER DULLES, Secretary of State 29 THE FEW BOOKS I HAVE VENTURED TO BUY Honorary Vice-Presidents THE UNDER SECRETARIES OF STATE by David W. Heron THE DEPUTY UNDER SECRETARIES OF STATE THE ASSISTANT SECRETARIES OF STATE 30 FOREIGN SERVICE SCHOLARSHIPS THE COUNSELOR THE DIRECTOR GENERAL OF THE FOREIGN SERVICE 35 THE NEW FOREIGN SERVICE: II SELECTION JOHN D. HICKERSON, President BOARDS DURING INTEGRATION EDWARD T. WAILES, Vice-President BARGARA P. CHALMERS, Executive Secretary by George H. Butler board of directors 38 EXCHANGE OF LETTERS ON INTEGRATION ANDREW B. FOSTER, Chairman V. LANSING COLLINS, JR., Vice-Chairman Charles E. Saltzman—Andrew B. Foster TYLER THOMPSON PARKER T. HART, Assistant Sec.-Treas. PHILIP W. BONSAL departments Alternates ROBERT F. WOODWARD 4 LETTERS TO THE EDITORS WILLIAM C. BURDETT, JR., Secretary-Treasury ROLLIE H. WHITE, JR. 14 TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO by James B. Stewart journal editorial board 19 NEWS TO THE FIELD by Lois Perry Jones RAY L. THURSTON, Chairman CHARLES F. KNOX, JR. 32 SERVICE GLIMPSES EDMUND GULLION RICHARD A. POOLE 34 EDITORIALS LF.E E. METCALF EDWARD W. MULCAHY 39 NEWS FROM THE FIELD LOIS PERRY JONES, Managing Editor GEORGE BUTLER, Business Manager JANE D. FISHBURNE, Circulation Manager and 43 THE BOOKSHELF—Francis C. deWolf, Review Editor Editorial Assistant Kenneth P. London Warrick E. Elrod, Jr. Helen G. Kelly The AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION is an unofficial and voluntary association of the members, 50 AMONG OUR CONTRIBUTORS active and retired, of The Foreign Service of the United States and the Department of State. The As¬ sociation was formed for the purpose of fostering 50 BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, IN MEMORIAM esprit de corps among members of the Foreign Service and to establish a center around which might be grouped the united efforts of its members for the 04 FOREIGN SERVICE CHANGES improvement of the Service. The FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL is not official and material appearing herein represents only personal 04 INDEX TO ADVERTISERS opinions, and is not intended in any way to indicate the official views of the Department of State or of the Foreign Service as a whole. The Editors will consider all articles submitted. If accepted, the author will be paid a minimum of one cent a word on publication. Photographs ac¬ companying articles will, if accepted, be purchased at one dollar each. Five dollars is paid for cover pictures. Reports from the Field, although not paid COVER PICTURE: The steeple or bell tower, part of the for, are eligible for each month’s $15 Story-of-the- Month Contest. ruins of the Church of Recoletos in the old walled city of Manila. The church was one of many de¬ stroyed when Manila was liberated from the Japanese Copyright, 1954, by the American Foreign Service by American forces. Photo by Mason E. Proudjoot, Association. Issued monthly at the rate of $3.00 a year, 25 cents Jr. a copy, by the American Foreign Service Association, 1908 G Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office in Washington, D. C., under the Act of March 3, 1879. Printed in U.S.A. by Monumental Printing Com¬ pany, Baltimore. ^ eJLAxH-A. T^Q. Pseudonyms may be used only if your letter includes your correct a$?Sdtfud&c... name and address. Tec... O N COUNT CALEB CUSHING” Washington, D. C. July 22, 1954 To the Editors, FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL: In the FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, April issue, 1954, at p. 26 and If, Mr. Paul Miller writes interestingly on the “Cush¬ ing Mission to China.” In the first paragraph Mr. Miller states that Cushing “was given [by his own government] title of Count,” etc. In the JOURNAL’S July issue, on p. 10, Mr. Andor Klay, in a letter to the editors, writes that “One should like to know a little more about this intriguing bit of information. .” Well, “history” does indeed repeat itself, and “correction” does indeed all too often not catch up with error. I, too, once wondered about that “Count” business, and I too in due course wrote about it; and here—it was printed in The New England Quarterly, Vol. 1. January 1928, at pp. 80-82—is what I wrote: “A tradition is rapidly hardening to the effect that Presi¬ ns dent Tyler, in his letter accrediting Caleb Cushing as the first American minister to China, gave the Yankee diplomatist the title of Count. It seems proper to challenge this tradition be¬ fore it becomes embedded in school texts and popular his¬ tory, even at the cost of spoiling much sport and extinguish¬ ing an alleged United States-given patent of nobility. “Mr. Claude M. Fuess, in his Life of Caleb Cushing (New York, 1923), i, 418-20, remarks: “ ‘Cushing was made the bearer of a letter, addressed to the Emperor of China and signed by the President of the United States, but actually composed by Webster. The The Greatest Name letter reads in part as follows: “ ‘ “Now my words are that the Governments of two such countries should be at peace. It is proper, and according to in Motor Oil the will of Heaven, that they should respect each other, and act wisely. I therefore send to you Count Caleb Cushing, one of the wise and learned men of this country’. .” Jbr kdp “ ‘To us,’ (comments Dr. Fuess), ‘the choice of “Count” as a title for Caleb Cushing is a delightful touch; but Webster’s sense of humor was always somewhat heavy and he probably composed this masterpiece without a smile.’ “The letter in question was never delivered, as Cushing did not proceed to Peking hut began and completed his negotia¬ tions at Canton. The letter has, however, been the subject of no end of curious comments and gibes on the part of SOCONY VACUUM Oil Co., Inc. various and sundry writers and speakers, some directed at 26 BROADWAY Tyler, some at Webster, and some at the Department of NEW YORK 4, NEW YORK State. For the moment, it is not the writer’s purpose to dis¬ cuss the authorship or the quality of the letter, although it may be remarked in passing that the authorship has been a Mobiloil subject of speculation and that serious thought with regard SOCONV-VACUUM to time, circumstance and antecedents should place the verbiage of the letter itself in a different perspective from that in which a number of critics have viewed it. The busi- WORLD'S LARGEST SELLING MOTOR OIL (Continued on page 6) FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL Cri.w this ONE '' ^enendaWe Source.- ... come the finest in appliances! RCA Room Air Conditioner Model Like this 75 Deluxe ... one of five outstanding! new models to suit your requirements “all weather” RCA Room Air Conditioner Wouldn’t you like to tune in your tions the air. It maintains the tem¬ ing cost . for offices and many choice of climate ... as easily as you perature you want; it removes business establishments as well as tune your radio? 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