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MIXED CODES, BILINGUALISM, and LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requi
BILINGUAL NAVAJO: MIXED CODES, BILINGUALISM, AND LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Charlotte C. Schaengold, M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 2004 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Brian Joseph, Advisor Professor Donald Winford ________________________ Professor Keith Johnson Advisor Linguistics Graduate Program ABSTRACT Many American Indian Languages today are spoken by fewer than one hundred people, yet Navajo is still spoken by over 100,000 people and has maintained regional as well as formal and informal dialects. However, the language is changing. While the Navajo population is gradually shifting from Navajo toward English, the “tip” in the shift has not yet occurred, and enormous efforts are being made in Navajoland to slow the language’s decline. One symptom in this process of shift is the fact that many young people on the Reservation now speak a non-standard variety of Navajo called “Bilingual Navajo.” This non-standard variety of Navajo is the linguistic result of the contact between speakers of English and speakers of Navajo. Similar to Michif, as described by Bakker and Papen (1988, 1994, 1997) and Media Lengua, as described by Muysken (1994, 1997, 2000), Bilingual Navajo has the structure of an American Indian language with parts of its lexicon from a European language. “Bilingual mixed languages” are defined by Winford (2003) as languages created in a bilingual speech community with the grammar of one language and the lexicon of another. My intention is to place Bilingual Navajo into the historical and theoretical framework of the bilingual mixed language, and to explain how ii this language can be used in the Navajo speech community to help maintain the Navajo language. -
Reilly, Colin (2019) Language in Malawian Universities: an Investigation Into Language Use and Language Attitudes Amongst Students and Staff
Reilly, Colin (2019) Language in Malawian universities: an investigation into language use and language attitudes amongst students and staff. PhD thesis. https://theses.gla.ac.uk/41150/ Copyright and moral rights for this work are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This work cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Enlighten: Theses https://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] Language in Malawian Universities: An investigation into language use and language attitudes amongst students and staff Colin Reilly, MA (Hons), MPhil Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Critical Studies College of Arts University of Glasgow April 2019 © Colin Reilly 2019 Abstract It has been suggested that poor and ill-fitting language policies within Africa have led to a majority of its population being unable to effectively engage with education systems within their countries (Djite 2008). Language-in-education policies in Malawi are a prime example of this as Malawi’s language planning has repeatedly been criticised and epitomises the tension between the competing positions of English and the twelve Malawian languages in the country (Kayambazinthu 1998, Moyo 2001, Breton 2003). -
Traditional Resource Use of the Flagstaff Area Monuments
TRADITIONAL RESOURCE USE OF THE FLAGSTAFF AREA MONUMENTS FINAL REPORT Prepared by Rebecca S. Toupal Richard W. Stoffle Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology University of Arizona Tucson, AZ 86721 July 19, 2004 TRADITIONAL RESOURCE USE OF THE FLAGSTAFF AREA MONUMENTS FINAL REPORT Prepared by Rebecca S. Toupal Richard W. Stoffle Shawn Kelly Jill Dumbauld with contributions by Nathan O’Meara Kathleen Van Vlack Fletcher Chmara-Huff Christopher Basaldu Prepared for The National Park Service Cooperative Agreement Number 1443CA1250-96-006 R.W. Stoffle and R.S. Toupal, Principal Investigators Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology University of Arizona Tucson, AZ 86721 July 19, 2004 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................iv CHAPTER ONE: STUDY OVERVIEW ..................................................................................1 Project History and Purpose...........................................................................................1 Research Tasks...............................................................................................................1 Research Methods..........................................................................................................2 Organization of the Report.............................................................................................7 -
© 2012 Steven M. Maas
© 2012 Steven M. Maas WELSHNESS POLITICIZED, WELSHNESS SUBMERGED: THE POLITICS OF ‘POLITICS’ AND THE PRAGMATICS OF LANGUAGE COMMUNITY IN NORTH-WEST WALES BY STEVEN M. MAAS DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2012 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Janet D. Keller, Chair Professor Walter Feinberg Associate Professor Michèle Koven Professor Alejandro Lugo Professor Andrew Orta ABSTRACT This dissertation investigates the normative construction of a politics of language and community in north-west Wales (United Kingdom). It is based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted primarily between January 2007 and April 2008, with central participant-observation settings in primary-level state schools and in the teaching-spaces and hallways of a university. Its primary finding is an account of the gap between the national visibility and the cultural (in)visibility communities of speakers of the indigenous language of Wales (Cymraeg, or “Welsh”). With one exception, no public discourse has yet emerged in Wales that provides an explicit framework or vocabulary for describing the cultural community that is anchored in Cymraeg. One has to live those meanings even to know about them. The range of social categories for living those meanings tends to be constructed in ordinary conversations as some form of nationalism, whether political, cultural, or language nationalism. Further, the negatively valenced category of nationalism current in English-speaking Britain is in tension with the positively valenced category of nationalism current among many who move within Cymraeg- speaking communities. Thus, the very politics of identity are themselves political since the line between what is political and what is not, is itself subject to controversy. -
Abstracts General Sessions
1 Preparing a grammar for Beserman Udmurt Timofey Arkhangelskiy ([email protected]) Universität Hamburg / Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Maria Usacheva ([email protected]) Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences Beserman is an endangered unwritten dialect of Udmurt (Uralic > Permic). Its existing descriptions (Teplyashina 1970, Lyukina 2008, 2016) mostly deal with phonology and morphemics. In the talk, we are going to discuss our efforts in preparing a comprehensive Beserman grammar (which is in its initial stages) and present some thoughts on developing grammars for endangered languages in general. This includes primarily collection of data, writing the text and technical infrastructure. 1. Collection of data. Corpora of endangered languages are usually very small and do not contain all the data needed for writing a grammar. One can gather missing data through elicitation, but this method has its limitations. We propose the following workflow: · formulate hypotheses based on material from corpora; · conduct experiments to test them; · use elicitation to gather whatever data remains to be gathered. We use different experimental methods to get different types of texts: referential communication tasks, postscoring of mute cartoons, telling stories based on a series of pictures, adopting games, etc. The experimental texts are transcribed and sound-aligned in ELAN with the help of the native speakers. 2. Writing the text. When writing any kind of text, it is very important to keep in mind its target audience. Unfortunately, there are several target audiences in our case, who require different data and structure. For example, typologists need plenty of glossed examples and a very detailed text in English; syntactitians need examples (both positive and negative) which illustrate outcomes of syntactic tests; regional linguists from Russia who work with Permic languages need a text in Russian and terminology based on Russian linguistic tradition, etc. -
University of Oklahoma Graduate College Speaking Kiowa Today
UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE SPEAKING KIOWA TODAY: CONTINUITY AND CHANGE THROUGH THE GENERATIONS A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By AMBER A. NEELY Norman, Oklahoma 2015 SPEAKING KIOWA TODAY: CONTINUITY AND CHANGE THROUGH THE GENERATIONS A DISSERTATION APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY BY ______________________________ Dr. Gus Palmer Jr., Co-Chair ______________________________ Dr. Sean P. O’Neill, Co-Chair ______________________________ Dr. Daniel Swan ______________________________ Dr. Lesley Rankin-Hill ______________________________ Dr. Marcia Haag © Copyright by AMBER A. NEELY 2015 All Rights Reserved. To my dearest Kiowa friends, who have welcomed me into their folds and believed in me all these years: Prof. Gus Palmer, Jr., Grandma Dorothy Whitehorse DeLaune, Mrs. Delores Harragarra and the Harragarra family, as well as all those who are dedicated to the revitalization of the Kiowa language. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am so grateful to so many people for sharing their lives, their knowledge, their friendship, and of course, their language. Since this work is about the speakers of Kiowa, I would like to start there. Let me first thank those who have meant so much to me through the years, welcoming me almost as family. First and foremost, I wish to honor Mrs. Delores Toyebo Harragarra and Grandma Dorothy Whitehorse DeLaune, both of whose grace, humor, and insight inspire me daily, and who have both played a great role in the unfolding of this project. The enigmatic Kenny Harragarra, whose company is always a delight, and the rest of the Harragarra family, as well as Mrs. -
The Linguistic Expression of Affective Stance in Yaminawa (Pano, Peru)
The Linguistic Expression of Affective Stance in Yaminawa (Pano, Peru) By Kelsey Caitlyn Neely A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Lev D. Michael, Chair Professor Eve Sweetser Professor Justin Davidson Summer 2019 Copyright by Kelsey Caitlyn Neely Abstract The Linguistic Expression of Affective Stance in Yaminawa (Pano, Peru) by Kelsey Caitlyn Neely Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics University of California, Berkeley Professor Lev D. Michael, Chair This dissertation explores affective expression in Yaminawa, a Panoan language ofPe- ruvian Amazonia. In this study, ‘affect’ is used to refer broadly to the English language concepts of ‘emotion’ and ‘feeling’. Affective expression is approached as an interac- tional phenomenon and it is analyzed in terms of affective stancetaking, i.e., the way speakers position themselves to objects in the discourse as well as their interlocutors via linguistic performance. This study considers affective resources at the levels of the lex- icon, morphology, prosody, acoustics (voice quality, speech rate and volume, etc.), and interactional features (turn duration, complexity of backchannels, etc.). This study contextualizes affective expression in Yaminawa with a detailed descrip- tion of Yaminawa ethnopsychology and the lexical resources that describe affective states, as well as behaviors and bodily sensations that are associated with particular affects by the Yaminawa. Using methods from Cognitive Anthropology, I investigate the ways that native Yaminawa speakers categorize emotion terms, and show that prosociality vs. anti- sociality is a major cultural axis along which emotion terms are conceptually organized. -
ED436973.Pdf
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 436 973 FL 026 097 AUTHOR Martin, Joyce, Comp. TITLE Native American Languages: Subject Guide. INSTITUTION Arizona State Univ., Tempe. Univ. Library. PUB DATE 1999-08-00 NOTE 12p. AVAILABLE FROM For full text: <http://www.asu.edu/lib/archives/labriola.htm> and <http://www.asu.edu/lib/archives/labriola.htm>. PUB TYPE Reference Materials - Bibliographies (131) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *American Indian Languages; Biblical Literature; Bilingual Education; Dictionaries; English (Second Language); Indigenous Populations; *Library Guides; Sign Language; Tape Recordings; Uncommonly Taught Languages IDENTIFIERS *Native Americans ABSTRACT This document is an eleven-page supplemental subject guide listing reference material that focuses on Native American languages that is not available in the Labriola National American Indian Data Center in the Arizona State University, Tempe (ASU) libraries. The guide is not comprehensive but offers a selective list of resources useful for developing language and vocabulary skills or researching a variety of topics dealing with native North American languages. Additional material may be found using the ASU online catalogue and the Arizona Southwest index. Contents include: bibles and hymnals; bibliographies; bilingual education, curriculum, and workbooks; culture, history, and language; dictionaries and grammar books; English as a Second Language; guides and handbooks; language tapes; linguistics; online access; sign language.(KFT) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Native American Languages Subject Guide The following bibliography lists reference material dealing with Native American languages which is available in the Labriola National American Indian Data Center in the University Libraries. It is not comprehensive, but rather a selective list of resources useful for developing language and vocabulary skills, and/or researching a variety of topics dealing with Native North American languages. -
Names, Places, and Moral Narratives Among the Western Apache
Text, Play, and story: The Construction and Reconstruction ofSelf and Society 1 Edward M. Bruner, ed. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland, 1984 "Stalking with Stories": Names, Places, and Moral Narratives among the Western Apache Keith H . Basso Yale University Shortly before his death in 1960, Clyde Kluckhohn made the following observation in a course he gave at Harvard University on the history of an thropological thought: "The most interesting claims people make are those they make about themselves. Cultural anthropologists should keep this in mind, especially when they are doing fieldwork." Although Kluckhohn's comment seemed tenuously connected to the topic of his lecture (he was speaking that day on the use of statistical methods in culture and personal ity studies), few of his students were distracted or annoyed. We had dis covered early on that some of his most provocative thoughts were likely to come in the form of brief asides delivered casually and without apology at unexpected moments. We also learned that these ostensibly offhand remarks frequently contained advice on a topic that we were eager to know more about: ethnography and ethnographic research. Rarely, however, did Kluckhohn see fit to elaborate on his advice, and so it was only later, after some of us had become ethnographers ourselves, that we could begin to assess it properly. I think that inthisparticular instance Kluckhohn was right. Attend ing carefully to claims that people make about themselves, and then trying to grasp with some exactness what they have claimed and why, can be a per plexing and time-consuming business. But when the work goes well-when puzzling claims are seen to make principled sense and when, as a conse quence of this; one is able to move closer to an understanding of who the people involved imagine themselves to be-it can be richly informative and highly worthwhile. -
[Yendang] Languages
THE MAYA [YENDANG] LANGUAGES WORDLISTS COLLECTED BY BARAU KATO AND ZACHARIAH YODER ANALYSIS BY ROGER BLENCH Roger Blench Kay Williamson Educational Foundation 8, Guest Road, Cambridge CB1 2AL United Kingdom Voice/Answerphone 00-44-(0)1223-560687 Mobile 00-44-(0)7967-696804 E-mail [email protected] http://rogerblench.info/RBOP.htm Skype 2.0 identity: roger blench i Introduction The following wordlists were collected by Barau Kato and Zachariah Yoder as part of a sociolinguistic study of the ‘Maya’ people. The name Maya is a recent construct, intended to link these languages together. Little has been published on these languages and nothing at all on Yoti. Meek (1931) includes lists of Bali and Kpasham and Boyd (1999) has published some lexical material on Yandang. Yoti is referred to in Shimizu (1979) as a possible Mumuye lect, while the Index of Nigerian languages (Crozier & Blench 1992) lists Yoti as a dialect of Yandang. But no evidence has been available until present to situate Yoti, hence the interest of this material. The Yandang languages as a whole are barely known. The present classification (which dates from unpublished material amassed by Carl Hoffman) is as follows; Bali-Kpasham Waka-Yendang-Yoti Teme Gengle-Kugama-Kumba but there is no published evidence for such a classification. As a consequence, this material is of considerable interest. The data is presented below, along with an etymological commentary, relating the words to Mumuye and more broadly to Niger-Congo. References Shimizu, Kiyoshi 1979. A comparative study of Mumuye dialects. Berlin: Reimer. ii English Ɓali Kpaʃam Yoti Yandaŋ Commentary Sg Pl Sg Pl Sg Pl Sg Pl hair kom’u kom nu’u lɔŋwú lúg-wéy dú’u tsuri súti head ú úwì wú wúpe úwú ù ùì forehead pə̀rə́m pòrɔ̀ ɲɛ́pə̀rè ɲã́tíî yátĩk yántik ear tɛ́ tɛ́rɔ̀ wàswé swérô tóo tòk tòì widespread Niger- Congo root # ntoN mouth ɲɛ́ ̃ ɲɛ́rɔ̀ ɲɛ́ ɲɛ́rô ɲâ ɲáá ɲǎk ɲáí cf. -
An Acoustic Study of Stem Prominence in Han Athabascan
An acoustic study of stem prominence in Han Athabascan Item Type Thesis Authors Manker, Jonathan T. Download date 09/10/2021 16:20:02 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/11122/8459 AN ACOUSTIC STUDY OF STEM PROMINENCE IN HAN ATHABASCAN By Jonathan T. Manker RECOMMENDED: APPROVED: Interim Dean, College of Liberal Arts AN ACOUSTIC STUDY OF STEM PROMINENCE IN HAN ATHABASCAN A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of the University of Alaska Fairbanks in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS By Jonathan T. Manker, B.A. Fairbanks, Alaska May 2012 iii Ab s t r a c t Observations in many studies of Athabascan languages have indicated that the stem syllable displays phonetic prominence, perhaps due to its semantic or structural importance, which is realized through a variety of acoustic means. Features such as voicing, duration, manner of articulation, voice quality, and vowel quality pattern differently in stems and prefixes, both in the diachronic developments of Athabascan phonology as well as in the synchronic, phonetic realizations of individual phonemes. This acoustic study of the Han language investigates the synchronic realization of this morphological conditioning in fricatives, stops, and vowels, and attempts to unify several different phonological effects into a single theory of stem prominence. The results show that the most regular and predictable of these correlates of stem prominence is the increase in duration of segments in stem onsets (consonants) and nuclei (vowels). Additional variations in features that pattern according to morphological category, such as voicing (in fricatives), voice quality (in ejectives), and vowel quality are considered secondary effects largely influenced by duration. -
Number Systems in the Adamawa Branch of Niger-Congo Raymond Boyd
Number systems in the Adamawa branch of Niger-Congo Raymond Boyd To cite this version: Raymond Boyd. Number systems in the Adamawa branch of Niger-Congo. African languages and cultures, 1989, 2 (2), pp.149-173. 10.1080/09544169008717714?journalCode=cjac19. hal-01297111 HAL Id: hal-01297111 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01297111 Submitted on 2 Apr 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Je reprends ici un article publié en 1989. Dans cette version, on y trouvera quelques mises à jour ainsi que la correction d’erreurs typographiques. Au 1 avril 2016 et malgré son ancienneté, l’original est toujours en vente au 1 avril 2016 à http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09544169008717714?journalCode=cjac19 Il peut également être consulté à http://www.jstor.org/journal/afrilangcult. African Languages and Cultures 2,2 (1989): 149-173. NUMBER SYSTEMS IN THE ADAMAWA BRANCH OF NIGER-CONGO Raymond Boyd 1. Introduction This paper has two parts, which are presented as separate entities, but are nevertheless interrelated and therefore cross-referenced. The first part attempts to show that the diversity of roots for ‘one’ and ‘two’ in the Adamawa languages is apparent rather than real, and that, given certain morphological hypotheses, fairly widespread roots are reconstructible.