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Rashtrapati Bhavan and the Central Vista.Pdf
RASHTRAPATI BHAVAN and the Central Vista © Sondeep Shankar Delhi is not one city, but many. In the 3,000 years of its existence, the many deliberations, decided on two architects to design name ‘Delhi’ (or Dhillika, Dilli, Dehli,) has been applied to these many New Delhi. Edwin Landseer Lutyens, till then known mainly as an cities, all more or less adjoining each other in their physical boundary, architect of English country homes, was one. The other was Herbert some overlapping others. Invaders and newcomers to the throne, anxious Baker, the architect of the Union buildings at Pretoria. to leave imprints of their sovereign status, built citadels and settlements Lutyens’ vision was to plan a city on lines similar to other great here like Jahanpanah, Siri, Firozabad, Shahjahanabad … and, capitals of the world: Paris, Rome, and Washington DC. Broad, long eventually, New Delhi. In December 1911, the city hosted the Delhi avenues flanked by sprawling lawns, with impressive monuments Durbar (a grand assembly), to mark the coronation of King George V. punctuating the avenue, and the symbolic seat of power at the end— At the end of the Durbar on 12 December, 1911, King George made an this was what Lutyens aimed for, and he found the perfect geographical announcement that the capital of India was to be shifted from Calcutta location in the low Raisina Hill, west of Dinpanah (Purana Qila). to Delhi. There were many reasons behind this decision. Calcutta had Lutyens noticed that a straight line could connect Raisina Hill to become difficult to rule from, with the partition of Bengal and the Purana Qila (thus, symbolically, connecting the old with the new). -
INFORMATION to USERS the Most Advanced Technology Has Been Used to Photo Graph and Reproduce This Manuscript from the Microfilm Master
INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photo graph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the original text directly from the copy submitted. Thus, some dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from a computer printer. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyrighted material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are re produced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each oversize page is available as one exposure on a standard 35 mm slide or as a 17" x 23" black and white photographic print for an additional charge. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. 35 mm slides or 6" X 9" black and w h itephotographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Accessing the World'sUMI Information since 1938 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA Order Number 8824569 The architecture of Firuz Shah Tughluq McKibben, William Jeffrey, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1988 Copyright ©1988 by McKibben, William Jeflfrey. All rights reserved. UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. -
Jahanpanah Part of the Sarai Shahji Village As a Place for Travellers to Stay
CORONATION PARK 3. SARAI SHAHJI MAHAL 5. KHARBUZE KA GUMBAD a walk around The Sarai Shahji Mahal is best approached from the main Geetanjali This is an interesting, yet bizarre little structure, Road that cuts through Malviya Nagar rather than from the Begumpur located within the premises of a Montessori village. The mahal (palace) and many surrounding buildings were school in the residential neighbourhood of Jahanpanah part of the Sarai Shahji village as a place for travellers to stay. Of the Delhi Metro Sadhana Enclave in Malviya Nagar. It is essentially Route 6 two Mughal buildings, the fi rst is a rectangular building with a large a small pavilion structure and gets its name from Civil Ho Ho Bus Route courtyard in the centre that houses several graves. Towards the west, is the tiny dome, carved out of solid stone and Lines a three-bay dalan (colonnaded verandah) with pyramidal roofs, which placed at its very top, that has the appearance of Heritage Route was once a mosque. a half-sliced melon. It is believed that Sheikh The other building is a slightly more elaborate apartment in the Kabir-ud-din Auliya, buried in the Lal form of a tower. The single room is entered through a set of three Gumbad spent his days under this doorways set within a large arch. The noticeable feature here is a dome and the night in the cave located SHAHJAHANABAD Red Fort balcony-like projection over the doorway which is supported by below it. The building has been dated carved red sandstone brackets. -
Chap 3 the Delhi Sultans Ncert Solution (20.06.20)
CHAP 3 THE DELHI SULTANS NCERT SOLUTION (20.06.20) Q1. True/False i. Coins minted in Delhi, called dehliwal. True ii. Raziyya is from the Rajput dynasty. False iii. Kharaj was a tax on cultivation. True iv. Ibn Battuta, a fourteenth-century traveller was from Morocco, Africa. True v. Alauddin used a “token” currency, somewhat like present-day paper currency. False Q2. Fill in the blanks i. Raziyya was removed from the throne in 1240. ii. In 1236 Sultan Iltutmish’s daughter, Raziyya, became Sultan. iii. Delhi first became the capital of a kingdom under the Tomara Rajputs. iv. Kakatiya dynasty of Warangal is a part of modern Andhra Pradesh. v. Delhi became an important city only in the twelfth century. vi. Mughal emperor Humayun, was defeated by Sher Shah. Q3. What is the time of rule of Ananga Pala? Ans. 1130 -1145 Q4. What was the other name for Iqtadar? Ans. The other name for Iqtadar is muqti. Q5. Who abolished the Iqta System? Ans. Alauddin Khalji abolished the Iqta System. Q6. What was the language of administration under the Delhi Sultans? Ans. Persian was the language of administration under the Delhi Sultans. Q7. From which country did Ibn Battuta travel to India? Ans. Ibn Battuta travelled to India from Morocco, Africa. Q8. When was Moth ki Masjid built? Ans. Moth ki Masjid was built in the reign of Sikandar Lodi by his minister. Q9. For how many years Suri dynasty ruled? Ans. The Suri dynasty ruled for only fifteen years (1540-1555). Q10. Who made the plan to capture Mongol territory? Ans. -
Spatial Data Modeling in Gis for Historical Restoration and Conservation of Cultural Heritage of Seven Cities of Delhi
SPATIAL DATA MODELING IN GIS FOR HISTORICAL RESTORATION AND CONSERVATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE OF SEVEN CITIES OF DELHI Madan Mohan Department of Geography, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University) New Delhi, INDIA [email protected], [email protected], Commission V, WG V/4 KEY WORDS: History, Human Settlement, Change, Structure, Cultural Heritage, GIS, Integration, Reconstruction ABSTRACT Delhi is one of the ancient historical and greatest cultural cities of the World. Delhi’s two monuments the Qutb Minar and Humayun’s Tomb have been declared the World Cultural Heritage sites. Delhi was built and rebuilt seven times on different sites through out the history within a triangular area of about 142.20 sq. kms. lying between the last ridge of the Aravalli Range and the River Yamuna. The remains of the seven cities of Delhi can still be seen across the landscape from the Tomar city of Lal-Kot to Siri, Tughluqabad, Jahanpanah and Firuzabad of the Sultans and then Purana-Qila and Shahjahanabad of the Mughals. Moreover, the New Delhi is historically the ‘eighth city’ built by the Britishers. The present Delhi is a complex agglomeration of built fabric which exists as evidence in the form of layers of various historic time periods. It is noteworthy to mention that the vertical and horizontal expansions have adversely been affected the historical areas as well as several cultural heritage sites particularly during the post- independence period in Delhi. Therefore, the widened role is not only to meet the challenges of development, but also to preserve and protect the different facets of the Delhi’s personality. -
Inventory of Historic Properties
INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL CENTRE FOR THE ARTS 11, Mansingh Road, New Delhi -110 001 www.ignca.gov.in Documentation format for Archaeological and Heritage Sites/Monuments Serial No.: sd157rp0001 SECTION I : IDENTIFICATION 1.Name Present Walls of Rai Pithora’s Fort and Jahanpanah at the point where they meet together Past ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ Other Name (if any) ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 2. Location LONGITUDE 77012’ E LATTITUDE 28031’N Address Lado Sarai Village (village code) ______________________________ Post _________________ District South Delhi State Delhi PIN 110030 Approach ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 3.Property Type Buildings Religious structures Other Structures Palace Temple Wall Fort Mosque Gateway Citadel Minar Pillar Govt. building Church Others (specify) Railway station Monastery Defence building Stupa Industrial building Tomb, Mausoleum Prithviraja III had Other public buildings extended the lal kot by Residential building Open space and related throwing up massive structures ramparts around it and Engineering structure Public square this enlarged city is Bridge Park or garden known as Quila Rai Tunnel Graveyard Pithora ,first of so called Other engineering Baolis, Well seven cities of Delhi. structure Tank Cave Page 1/5 4.Property -
Phoolwalon Ki Sair.Indd 1 27/07/12 1:21 PM 1
CORONATION To the south of the western gateway is the tomb of Qutb Sahib. was meant for the grave of Bahadur Shah Zafar, who was however PARK It is a simple structure enclosed by wooden railings. The marble exiled after the Mutiny and died in Burma. balustrade surrounding the tomb was added in 1882. The rear wall To the north-east of the palace enclosure lies an exquisite mosque, Phoolwalon was added by Fariduddin Ganj-e-Shakar as a place of prayer. The the Moti Masjid, built in white marble by Bahadur Shah I in the early western wall is decorated with coloured fl oral tiles added by the eighteenth century as a private mosque for the royal family and can be Delhi Metro Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. approached from the palace dalan as well as from the Dargah Complex. Route 6 ki Sair The screens and the corner gateways in the Dargah Complex were Civil Ho Ho Bus Route built by the Mughal emperor Farrukhsiyar. The mosque of Qutb Lines Heritage Route Sahib, built in mid-sixteenth century by Islam Shah Suri, was later QUTBUDDIN BAKHTIYAR KAKI DARGAH AND ZAFAR added on to by Farrukhsiyar. MAHAL COMPLEX The Dargah of Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki continues to be a sacred place for the pilgrims of different religions. Every week on Thursday 5 SHAHJAHANABAD Red Fort and Friday qawwali is also performed in the dargah. 5. ZAFAR MAHAL COMPLEX 6 Kotla 9 Connaught Firoz Shah Adjacent to the western gate of the Dargah of Place Jantar Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki, this complex Mantar 2 7 8 NEW DELHI has various structures built in 3 Route 5 1 Rashtrapati the eighteenth and nineteenth 4 Bhavan Purana century. -
History Preserved in Names: Delhi Urban Toponyms of Perso-Arabic
History preserved in names: Delhi urban toponyms of Perso-Ara bic origin Agnieszka Kuczkiewicz-Fraś Toponyms [from the Greek topos (τόπος) ‘place’ and ónoma (δνομα) ‘name’] are often treated merely as words, or simple signs on geographical maps of various parts of the Earth. How ever, it should be remembered that toponyms are also invaluable elements of a region’s heritage, preserving and revealing differ ent aspects of its history and culture, reflecting patterns of set tlement, exploration, migration, etc. They are named points of reference in the physical as well as civilisational landscape of various areas. Place-names are an important source of information regard ing the people who have inhabited a given area. Such quality results mainly from the fact that the names attached to localities tend to be extremely durable and usually resist replacement, even when the language spoken in the area is itself replaced. The in ternal system of toponyms which is unique for every city, when analysed may give first-rate results in understanding various features, e.g. the original area of the city and its growth, the size and variety of its population, the complicated plan of its markets, 5 8 A g n ie s z k a K u c z k ie w ic z -F r a ś habitations, religious centres, educational and cultural institu tions, cemeteries etc. Toponyms are also very important land-marks of cultural and linguistic contacts of different groups of people. In a city such as Delhi, which for centuries had been conquered and in habited by populaces ethnically and linguistically different, this phenomenon becomes clear with the first glance at the city map. -
Chapter 2 Forgotten History Lessons, Delhi's Missed Date with Water
Jalyatra – Exploring India’s Traditional Water Management Systems Chapter 2 Forgotten history lessons, Delhi’s missed date with water India’s capital is one of the oldest cities of India, indeed of the world, if you believe mythology. It began as Indraprastha probably around 5,000 BC, grew through seven other cities into New Delhi. Among the metros, Delhi is certainly the only one old enough to have a tradition of water conservation and management that developed indigenously and wasn’t imposed by the British. Delhi lies at the tail-end of the Aravali hills, where they merge with the Indo-Gangetic Plains. The Aravalis taper down from the southern to the northern end of Delhi, forming one watershed. Along the southern side, they run east-west forming another watershed. All the drains and seasonal streams flow north and east in Delhi, some making it to the river Yamuna, others terminating in depressions to form lakes and ponds. These artificial ponds helped recharge wells, that were the only source of water in the rocky Aravali region, and the baolis that also tap into groundwater flows, in the rest of the city. The rocky Aravalis were ideal for bunding and making more such depressions to store water that was used either by people or recharged the aquifers. In south Delhi and a little beyond, there are many artificial lakes and ponds created centuries ago for just this purpose. The western part of Delhi falls in the Najafgarh drain’s watershed, which was originally a river that rose in the Sirmaur hills in Haryana. -
Problems and Status of Muslim Graveyards in Delhi
PROBLEMS AND STATUS OF MUSLIM GRAVEYARDS IN DELHI A REPORT DELHI MINORITIES COMMISSION Government of NCT of Delhi C- Block, First Floor, Vikas Bhawan, I.P. Estate New Delhi 110002 Cover photo: A scene from Batla House graveyard Study conducted for Delhi Minorities Commission By HUMAN DEVELOPMENT SOCIETY 27-O, Pocket 2, MIG Complex, Mayur Vihar, Phase 3, Delhi- 110096 Telephone: 011-22621867, 09971222966 Email: [email protected], [email protected] Website: www.hdsindia.org FOREWORD Delhi Minorities Commission is pleased to publish this study on Muslim graveyards in the NCT of Delhi. This study was commissioned by the previous Commission headed by Shri Qamar Ahmad but could not be finalised and published during its tenure. The new Commission, which took over on 20 July, 2017, found this study among the pending work. We took it up with due diligence and urgency. After going through the draft, we called a meeting with Human Development Society’s director and researcher. Now it is being published with some changes and addition of some information and data. This study is an eye-opener. It tells us that a majority of Muslim graveyards registered with Delhi Waqf Board (DWB) and other agencies has practically disappeared over the years. Both public and government agencies have occupied or encroached upon graveyards, while new land is not being earmarked for new qabristans in town-planning schemes. The study has found that the remaining space in the existing qarbristans is hardly enough for two more years. DMC will approach Govt. of NCT of Delhi and its agencies, especially Delhi Waqf Board and Delhi Development Authority, to quickly solve this grave problem before it is too late. -
The Age of Akbar
CHAPTER 3 THE AGE OF AKBAR MUGHAL THEORIES OF KINGSHIP AND STATE POLITY Akbar is generally recognized as the greatest and most capable of the Mughal rulers. Under him Mughal polity and statecraft reached maturity; and under his guidance the Mughals changed from a petty power to a major dynastic state. From his time to the end of the Mughal period, artistic production on both an imperial and sub-imperial level was closely linked to notions of state polity, religion and kingship. Humayun died in 1556, only one year after his return to Hindustan. Upon hearing the call to prayers, he slipped on the steep stone steps of the library in his Din-Panah citadel in Delhi. Humayun's only surviving son and heir- apparent, Akbar, then just fourteen years of age, ascended the throne and ruled until 1605 the expanding Mughal empire. Until about 1561, Akbar was under the control of powerful court factions, first his guardian, Bhairam Khan, and then the scheming Maham Anga, a former imperial wet-nurse. Between about 1560 and 1580, Akbar devoted his energies to the conquest and then the con- solidation of territory in north India. This he achieved through battle, marriage, treaty and, most significantly, administrative reform. Concurrent with these activities, Akbar developed an interest in religion that, while initially a personal concern, ultimately transformed his concept of state. Many of the policies he adopted, such as the renunciation of the poll-tax (jiziya) for non- Muslims, had a solid political basis as well as a personal one, for Akbar, much more than his Mughal predecessors, saw every advantage in maintaining good relations with the Hindu majority. -
1 'Inhabited Pasts: Monuments, Authority and People in Delhi, 1912
‘Inhabited Pasts: Monuments, Authority and People in Delhi, 1912 – 1970s’ Abstract This article considers the relationship between the official, legislated claims of heritage conservation in India and the wide range of episodic and transitory inhabitations which have animated and transformed the monumental remains of the city, or rather cities, of Delhi. Delhi presents a spectrum of monumental structures that appear variously to either exist in splendid isolation from the rush of every day urban life or to peek out amidst a palimpsest of unplanned, urban fabric. The repeated attempts of the state archaeological authorities to disambiguate heritage from the quotidian life of the city was frustrated by bureaucratic lapse, casual social occupations and deliberate challenges. The monuments offered structural and spatial canvases for lives within the city; providing shelter, solitude and the possibility of privacy, devotional and commercial opportunity. The dominant comportment of the city’s monuments during the twentieth century has been a hybrid monumentality, in which the jealous, legislated custody of the state has become anxious, ossified and ineffectual. An acknowledgement and acceptance of the hybridity of Delhi’s monuments offers an opportunity to re-orientate understandings of urban heritage. Key words: heritage, bureaucracy, Delhi, India, monuments, AMPA 1905, urbanism, urban biography, Archaeological Survey of India. In September 2001, the Archaeological Survey of India in Delhi ruled against displays of romantic affection between couples at three large, landscaped monuments under its custody: Safdarjung’s Tomb, the Purana Qila and Lodhi Gardens. Without specifying quite how the ban would be enforced, A. C. Grover, the Survey’s media officer, warned against what he described as the ‘abuse’ of national 1 heritage by romantically demonstrative couples.1 This desire to impose codes of public conduct at Delhi’s monuments was not unprecedented.