The Age of Akbar
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Later Mughals;
1 liiu} ijji • iiiiiiimmiiiii ii i] I " • 1 1 -i in fliiiiiiii LATER MUGHALS WILLIAM IRVINE, i.c.s. (ret.), Author of Storia do Mogor, Army of the Indian Moguls, &c. Edited and Augmented with The History of Nadir Shah's Invasion By JADUNATH SARKAR, i.e.s., Author of History of Aurangzib, Shivaji and His Times, Studies in Mughal India, &c. Vol. II 1719—1739 Calcutta, M. C. SARKAR & SONS, 1922. Published by C. Sarkar o/ M. C. Sarkar & Sons 90 /2A, Harrison Road, Calcutta. Copyright of Introductory Memoir and Chapters XI—XIII reserved by Jadunath Sarkar and of the rest of the book by Mrs. Margaret L. Seymour, 195, Goldhurst Terrace, London. Printer : S. C. MAZUMDAR SRI GOURANGA PRESS 71/1, Mirzapur Street, Calcutta. 1189/21. CONTENTS Chapter VI. Muhammad Shah : Tutelage under the Sayyids ... 1—101 Roshan Akhtar enthroned as Md. Shah, 1 —peace made with Jai Singh, 4—campaign against Bundi, 5—Chabela Ram revolts, 6—dies, 8—Girdhar Bahadur rebels at Allahabad, 8—fights Haidar Quli, 11 —submits, 15—Nizam sent to Malwa, 17—Sayyid brothers send Dilawar Ali against him, 19— Nizam occupies Asirgarh and Burhanpur, 23—battle with Dilawar Ali at Pandhar, 28—another account of the battle, 32—Emperor's letter to Nizam, 35—plots of Sayyids against Md. Amin Khan, 37—Alim Ali marches against Nizam, 40—his preparations, 43—Nizam's replies to Court, 45—Alim Ali defeated at Balapur, 47—Emperor taken towards Dakhin, 53—plot of Md. Amin against Sayyid Husain Ali, 55—Husain Ali murdered by Haidar Beg, 60—his camp plundered, 61 —his men attack Emperor's tents, 63—Emperor's return towards Agra, 68—letters between Md. -
The Opposition of a Leading Akhund to Shi'a and Sufi
The Opposition of a Leading Akhund to Shi’a and Sufi Shaykhs in Mid-Nineteenth- Century China Wang Jianping, Shanghai Normal University Abstract This article traces the activities of Ma Dexin, a preeminent Hui Muslim scholar and grand imam (akhund) who played a leading role in the Muslim uprising in Yunnan (1856–1873). Ma harshly criticized Shi’ism and its followers, the shaykhs, in the Sufi orders in China. The intolerance of orthodox Sunnis toward Shi’ism can be explained in part by the marginalization of Hui Muslims in China and their attempts to unite and defend themselves in a society dominated by Han Chinese. An analysis of the Sunni opposition to Shi’ism that was led by Akhund Ma Dexin and the Shi’a sect’s influence among the Sufis in China help us understand the ways in which global debates in Islam were articulated on Chinese soil. Keywords: Ma Dexin, Shi’a, shaykh, Chinese Islam, Hui Muslims Most of the more than twenty-three million Muslims in China are Sunnis who follow Hanafi jurisprudence when applying Islamic law (shariʿa). Presently, only a very small percentage (less than 1 percent) of Chinese Muslims are Shi’a.1 The historian Raphael Israeli explicitly analyzes the profound impact of Persian Shi’ism on the Sufi orders in China based on the historical development and doctrinal teachings of Chinese Muslims (2002, 147–167). The question of Shi’a influence explored in this article concerns why Ma Dexin, a preeminent Chinese Muslim scholar, a great imam, and one of the key leaders of the Muslim uprising in the nineteenth century, so harshly criticized Shi’ism and its accomplices, the shaykhs, in certain Sufi orders in China, even though Shi’a Islam was nearly invisible at that time. -
Īmān, Islām, Taqwā, Kufr, Shirk, and Nifāq: Definitions, Examples and Impacts on Human Life
IIUC Studies 14(2) DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/iiucs.v14i2.39882 Īmān, Islām, taqwā, kufr, shirk, and nifāq: Definitions, examples and impacts on human life Md. Mahmudul Hassan Centre for University Requirement Courses (CENURC) International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC), Bangladesh Abstract The Holy Qur‟an encompasses the comprehensive code for mankind to live a rewarding life in this world, to rescue from the Jahannam and to enter the Jannah in the Hereafter. Īmān, Islām, taqwā, kufr, shirk, and nifāq are, the six significant terms, used in the Noble Qur‟an frequently. All of them represent the characteristics of human beings. The possessors of these characters will go to their eternal destination; the Jannah or Jahannam. The Jannah is the aftermath of īmān, Islam and taqwā. On the other hand, kufr, shirk, and nifāq lead to the Jahannam. This study intends to present the definitions and examples of these six terms according to the Qur‟anic statement, and then shed light on the impact of each character on human life quoting the evidence from the Holy Qur‟an and the Traditions of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). The possessors of these six remarkable terms are entitled successively as mu'min, muslim, muttaqī to be rewarded Jannah and kafīr, mushrik, and munāfiq to be punished in Jahannam. Keywords The Comprehensive code, Eternal destination, Qur‟anic terms Paper type Literature review 1. Introduction Īmān, Islām, and taqwā are three positive divine instructions whereas, kufr, shirk, and nifāq are three negative characteristics which are strongly prohibited by divine decrees. The Jannah and the Jahannam are two eternal destinations of humanities in the Hereafter. -
ANSWERED ON:23.08.2007 HISTORICAL PLACES in up Verma Shri Bhanu Pratap Singh
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA CULTURE LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO:1586 ANSWERED ON:23.08.2007 HISTORICAL PLACES IN UP Verma Shri Bhanu Pratap Singh Will the Minister of CULTURE be pleased to state: (a) the details of Centrally protected monuments in Uttar Pradesh (UP) at present; (b) the agency responsible for the maintenance of these places; (c) the amount spent on the maintenance of these monuments during the last three years; and (d) the details of revenue earned from these monuments during each of the last three years? Answer MINISTER FOR TOURISM AND CULTURE (SHRIMATI AMBIKA SONI) (a)&(b) There are 742 monuments/sites declared as of national importance in the Uttar Pradesh (U.P.) as per list at Annexure. Archaeological Survey of India looks after their proper upkeep, maintenance, conservation and preservation. (c) The expenditure incurred on conservation, preservation, maintenance and environmental development of these centrally protected monuments during the last three years is as under: Rupees in Lakhs Year Total 2004-05 1392.48 2005-06 331.14 2006-07 1300.36 (d) The details of revenue earned from these monuments during the last three years are as under: Rupees in Lakhs Year Total 2004-05 2526.33 2005-06 2619.92 2006-07 2956.46 ANNEXURE ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PART (a)&(b) OF THE LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTIO NO.1586 FOR 23.8.2007 LIST OF CENTRALLY PROTECTED MONUMENTS IN UTTAR PRADESH Agra Circle Name of monument/site Locality District 1. Agra Fort Including Akbari Mahal Agra Agra Anguri Bagh Baoli of the Diwan-i-Am Quadrangle. -
Mukhopadhyay, Aparajita (2013) Wheels of Change?: Impact of Railways on Colonial North Indian Society, 1855-1920. Phd Thesis. SO
Mukhopadhyay, Aparajita (2013) Wheels of change?: impact of railways on colonial north Indian society, 1855‐1920. PhD Thesis. SOAS, University of London http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/17363 Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non‐commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this thesis, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", name of the School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. Wheels of Change? Impact of railways on colonial north Indian society, 1855-1920. Aparajita Mukhopadhyay Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD in History 2013 Department of History School of Oriental and African Studies University of London 1 | P a g e Declaration for Ph.D. Thesis I have read and understood regulation 17.9 of the Regulations for students of the School of Oriental and African Studies concerning plagiarism. I undertake that all the material presented for examination is my own work and has not been written for me, in whole or in part by any other person. I also undertake that any quotation or paraphrase from the published or unpublished work of another person has been duly acknowledged in the work that I present for examination. -
Judicial System in India During Mughal Period with Special Reference to Persian Sources
Judicial System in India during Mughal Period with Special Reference to Persian Sources (Nezam-e-dadgahi-e-Hend der ahd-e-Gorkanian bewizha-e manabe-e farsi) For the Award ofthe Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Submitted by Md. Sadique Hussain Under the Supervision of Dr. Akhlaque Ahmad Ansari Center Qf Persian and Central Asian Studies, School of Language, Literature and Culture Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi -110067. 2009 Center of Persian and Central Asian Studies, School of Language, Literature and Culture Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi -110067. Declaration Dated: 24th August, 2009 I declare that the work done in this thesis entitled "Judicial System in India during Mughal Period with special reference to Persian sources", for the award of degree of Doctor of Philosophy, submitted by me is an original research work and has not been previously submitted for any other university\Institution. Md.Sadique Hussain (Name of the Scholar) Dr.Akhlaque Ahmad Ansari (Supervisor) ~1 C"" ~... ". ~- : u- ...... ~· c "" ~·~·.:. Profess/~ar Mahdi 4 r:< ... ~::.. •• ~ ~ ~ :·f3{"~ (Chairperson) L~.·.~ . '" · \..:'lL•::;r,;:l'/ [' ft. ~ :;r ':1 ' . ; • " - .-.J / ~ ·. ; • : f • • ~-: I .:~ • ,. '· Attributed To My Parents INDEX Acknowledgment Introduction 1-7 Chapter-I 8-60 Chapter-2 61-88 Chapter-3 89-131 Chapter-4 132-157 Chapter-S 158-167 Chapter-6 168-267 Chapter-? 268-284 Chapter-& 285-287 Chapter-9 288-304 Chapter-10 305-308 Conclusion 309-314 Bibliography 315-320 Appendix 321-332 Acknowledgement At first I would like to praise God Almighty for making the tough situations and conditions easy and favorable to me and thus enabling me to write and complete my Ph.D Thesis work. -
Unknown Subscriber Failures - UPCTAX
Unknown Subscriber Failures - UPCTAX (On the basis of records available till Jan 12 2015 11:27AM) Page - 1 S.N Tin No Firm Name Address Office Name Mobile No E-mail o. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 09915111826 M/S JHURI PRASAD GHORAWAL SHIVDWAR Sonbhadra Sector-1, AC 7107415830 [email protected] ELECTRICALS AND BHERI SONEBHADRA CONSTRUCTION COMPANY 2 09250031115 M/S AGARWAL TRADERS 67 DEEN DAYAL PURAM Lucknow Sector-22 , CTO 7275180180 TAKROHI INDIRA NAGAR LUCKNOW 3 09337700071 M/S MONIKA PLASTIC 127/1003 Y KIDWAI Kanpur Sector-3, AC 7275388030 [email protected] INDUSTRIES NAGAR NAUBASTA KANPUR. 4 09120304758 M/S NAND MEDICAL AGENCY RAMNATH DEORIA, Deoria Sector -4, CTO 7275598102 [email protected] DEORIA 5 09782406927 M/S MAHABIR CLOTH STORS NAGEPUR SAKALDIHA Chandauli Sector-1, CTO 7275977479 BAZAR CHANDAULI 6 09812719045 M/S MIR AZAM ALI 677/524 Allahabad Sector-8, CTO 7309115615 BAHADURGANJ ALLAHABAD 7 09585506948 M/S SHIVAM SIDDHI VILL AND POST Mau Sector-2 , AC 7309175895 TRADERS BELAUJHA RATANPURA MAU 8 09885505909 M/S SHIV PRAKASH SINGH GOPALPUR RAKSHA Mau Sector-1, AC 7376210350 RAM RANIPUR MAU 9 09750020887 M/S UNIVERSAL BUILDERS & PLOT NO-29A Lucknow Sector-16, CTO 7376211019 ASSOCIATES KANCHANPUR MATIYARI LUCKNOW 10 09885109537 M/S AHMAD ENTERPRISES CHHAVN NIZAMABAD Azamgarh Sector-2, CTO 7376274922 AZAMGARH 11 09181913849 M/S VINDHYWASHNI C-20/15 E-71, Varanasi Sector-13, CTO 7376351133 [email protected] TRADERS KAMYANI NAGAR COLONY, PICHAS MOCHAN, VARANASI 12 09685506608 M/S ASHISH COLD DRINK VILL CHAKAUTH Mau Sector-3 , CTO 7376531910 SURAJPUR MAU 13 09309210430 M/S USHA TRADING MOH SINJAI NEAR Shahjahanpur Sector-4 , CTO 7376648625 COMPANY GANDHAK FACTORY SHAHJAHANPUR Print date -12/01/2015 Designed and Developed by : National Informatics Center, U.P. -
Behind the Veil:An Analytical Study of Political Domination of Mughal Women Dr
11 Behind The Veil:An Analytical study of political Domination of Mughal women Dr. Rukhsana Iftikhar * Abstract In fifteen and sixteen centuries Indian women were usually banished from public or political activity due to the patriarchal structure of Indian society. But it was evident through non government arenas that women managed the state affairs like male sovereigns. This paper explores the construction of bourgeois ideology as an alternate voice with in patriarchy, the inscription of subaltern female body as a metonymic text of conspiracy and treachery. The narratives suggested the complicity between public and private subaltern conduct and inclination – the only difference in the case of harem or Zannaha, being a great degree of oppression and feminine self –censure. The gradual discarding of the veil (in the case of Razia Sultana and Nur Jahan in Middle Ages it was equivalents to a great achievement in harem of Eastern society). Although a little part, a pinch of salt in flour but this political interest of Mughal women indicates the start of destroying the patriarchy imposed distinction of public and private upon which western proto feminism constructed itself. Mughal rule in India had blessed with many brilliant and important aspects that still are shining in the history. They left great personalities that strengthen the history of Hindustan as compare to the histories of other nations. In these great personalities there is a class who indirectly or sometime directly influenced the Mughal politics. This class is related to the Mughal Harem. The ladies of Royalty enjoyed an exalted position in the Mughal court and politics. -
Module-3 Formation of Mughal Empire Topic-Akbar
MODULE-3 FORMATION OF MUGHAL EMPIRE TOPIC-AKBAR PRIYANKA.E.K ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY LITTLE FLOWER COLLEGE, GURUVAYOOR Jalal-Ud-din Mohammad Akbar, son of Humayun was born at Amarkot (in Sind) on 15 October, 1542 in the house of a Rajput chief. Akbar spent his childhood under conditions of adversity and un-certainty as Humayun was in exile. Arrangements for his formal education were made by Humayun after his restoration to the throne of Kabul but Akbar was more interested in sports and martial exercises than in studies. In 1551 Akbar was made the governor of Ghazni and he remained its governor till November 1554 when Humayun embarked on an expedition for the conquest of Hindustan. Akbar was given nominal command of the army of Indian invasion and was given the credit of Humayun’s victory at Sirhind in January 1555. After his occupation of Delhi Humayun, declared Akbar to be the heir apparent and assigned to him the Governorship of the Punjab. Humayun died in January 1556 as a result of the fall from the staircase of his library. At that time Akbar was just a boy of 14. When the news of his father’s death reached, Akbar was at Kalanaur 15 miles west of Gurdaspur in Punjab. His guardian Bairam khan took immediate steps to enthrone him on brick-platform and performed the ceremony thereby proclaiming him the emperor on February 14, 1556 Challenges before Akbar Though Humayun had recovered Delhi in June 1555 he had not been able to consolidate his position in India therefore everything was in a chaos. -
Muh. Anugerah Saputera FAKULTAS ADAB DAN HUMANIORA UIN
PEMERINTAHAN SULTAN JALALUDDIN MUHAMMAD AKBAR DI KERAJAAN MUGHAL 1556-1605 Skripsi Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat Meraih Gelar Sarjana Humaniora Jurusan Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam pada Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora UIN Alauddin Makassar Oleh: Muh. Anugerah Saputera NIM: 40200115007 FAKULTAS ADAB DAN HUMANIORA UIN ALAUDDIN MAKASSAR 2019 PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN SKRIPSI Mahasiswa yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini: Nama : Muh. Anugerah Saputera NIM : 40200115007 Tempat/Tgl. Lahir : Makassar, 6 Juni 1997 Jurusan : Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam Fakultas : Adab dan Humaniora Alamat : Jl. Sultan Alauddin Lr. 3 No. 6, Makassar Judul : Pemerintahan Sultan Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar di Kerajaan Mughal 1556-1605. Menyatakan dengan sesungguhnya dan penuh kesadaran bahwa skripsi ini benar adalah hasil karya sendiri. Jika di kemudian hari terbukti bahwa skripsi ini merupakan duplikat, tiruan, plagiat, atau dibuat oleh orang lain, sebagian atau seluruhnya maka skripsi dan gelar yang diperoleh batal demi hukum. Gowa, 12 Agustus 2019 M. 11 Dzulhijjah 1440 H. Penyusun, Muh. Anugerah Saputera NIM: 40200115007 ii iii KATA PENGANTAR بِ ْس ِم هَّللاِ ال هر ْح َم ِن ال هر ِح ْيم Alhamdulillah, puji syukur penulis ucapkan kehadirat Allah swt. Yang telah memberikan nikmatNya berupa nikmat hidup, nikmat kesehatan, ilmu, sehingga penulis bisa sampai ketitik ini yaitu mampu menyelesaikan tugas skripsi. Dan tidak lupa pula penulis haturkan salawat dan salam kepada baginda Rasulullah saw. Sebagai suri tauladan bagi seluruh umat manusia sepanjang zaman. Skripsi yang berjudul “Pemerintahan Sultan Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar di Kerajaan Mughal 1556-1605” ini merupakan upaya penulis untuk memahami keadaan kerajaan Islam di India yakni kerajaan Mughal, khususnya pada pemerintahan Sultan Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar, yang eksis di tengah mayoritas agama Hindu. -
Pakistan) 4–9 October 2000
Report on Mission to Evaluate the State of Conservation of the World Heritage Site of the SHALAMAR GARDENS Lahore (Pakistan) 4–9 October 2000 ROBERT DE JONG (President, ICOMOS International Committee on Historic Gardens and Landscapes) 49-51 rue de la Fédération - F-75015 Paris - France - Tel + 33 1 45 67 67 70 - Fax + 33 1 45 66 06 22 Report on Mission to Evaluate the State of Conservation of the World Heritage Site of the SHALAMAR GARDENS, Lahore (Pakistan) 1 BACKGROUND TO THE MISSION The mission concerned World Heritage Site (No. 171-172) – the Fort and Shalamar Gardens of Lahore (Pakistan) The reason for the mission was the information received by the UNESCO World Heritage Centre from the national authorities of Pakistan that the Department of Archaeology was proposing to "restore the demolished hydraulic works of Shalamar Gardens," and that the authorities "had expressed their intention to nominate two sites (ie the Fort and Shalamar Gardens of Lahore and Taxila) to the List of World Heritage in Danger" (Letter from the Director, UNESCO World Heritage Centre, to H.E. Mr Shararyar M. Khan, Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassador of Pakistan to France Permanent Delegation of Pakistan to UNESCO, 2 August 2000, WHC/74/400/ PKS/00/JT/425). The Centre and ICOMOS had also already considered sending a mission "to elaborate a comprehensive management plan for both the Fort and Shalamar Gardens of Lahore site and the Taxila site". During its 24th Session in Paris on 26 June–1 July 2000, the Bureau of the World Heritage Committee decided to request the World Heritage Centre and ICOMOS "to organise a reactive monitoring mission to the Fort and Shalamar Gardens." The Bureau, while "expressing its appreciation for the information received from the Pakistan authorities concerning its intentions to undertake corrective measures .. -
1) the Ancient Name of Jaipur Was Dhundharpur. It Is Said That It Was Kept on the Name of a Demon Dhundhar
3.LITERATURE REVIEW 1) The ancient name of Jaipur was Dhundharpur. It is said that it was kept on the name of a demon Dhundhar. Jaipur is the seat of district supervision and the capital of Rajasthan state. The place was initially named as Jainagar after its founder Sawai Jai Singh fl. In wake of time, it obtained the present name. It is situated in the eastern part of the Rajasthan and lies between 26 degree and 22 minute and 27 degree 52 minute north latitudes and between 74 3 degree 55 minute and 76 degree 50 minute east longitudes. lt is bordered on the north by Sikar district of Rajasthan and Mahendragarh district of Haryana, on the south by Tank district, on the east by Alwar and Sawai Madhopur districts and on the west by Nagaur and Ajmer districts. 2) In Jaipur, Parvati also called Devi or Mata is another name of Shakti, whose followers form the sect of Shaktas, Just as among the Vaishnavas, there is a group who think that Laxmi (wife of Vishnu) is the only worthy deity who can protect man, so does this sect of Shkatas, which is only an offset from the main stock of Shaivas and believe that Devi is the onl y entity worthy of worship and capable of yielding salvation, she is also worshipped under the name of Kali or Mahakali and has her shrine at Amber where she is known by the name of Sheela Devi (the goddess of the slab). A goat is sacrificed to her every morning, and her icon with eight hands riding on a lion and killing the demon called Mahishasur, is the most awe - imposing.