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Muh. Anugerah Saputera FAKULTAS ADAB DAN HUMANIORA UIN

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Muh. Anugerah Saputera FAKULTAS ADAB DAN HUMANIORA UIN PEMERINTAHAN SULTAN JALALUDDIN MUHAMMAD AKBAR DI KERAJAAN MUGHAL 1556-1605 Skripsi Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat Meraih Gelar Sarjana Humaniora Jurusan Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam pada Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora UIN Alauddin Makassar Oleh: Muh. Anugerah Saputera NIM: 40200115007 FAKULTAS ADAB DAN HUMANIORA UIN ALAUDDIN MAKASSAR 2019 PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN SKRIPSI Mahasiswa yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini: Nama : Muh. Anugerah Saputera NIM : 40200115007 Tempat/Tgl. Lahir : Makassar, 6 Juni 1997 Jurusan : Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam Fakultas : Adab dan Humaniora Alamat : Jl. Sultan Alauddin Lr. 3 No. 6, Makassar Judul : Pemerintahan Sultan Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar di Kerajaan Mughal 1556-1605. Menyatakan dengan sesungguhnya dan penuh kesadaran bahwa skripsi ini benar adalah hasil karya sendiri. Jika di kemudian hari terbukti bahwa skripsi ini merupakan duplikat, tiruan, plagiat, atau dibuat oleh orang lain, sebagian atau seluruhnya maka skripsi dan gelar yang diperoleh batal demi hukum. Gowa, 12 Agustus 2019 M. 11 Dzulhijjah 1440 H. Penyusun, Muh. Anugerah Saputera NIM: 40200115007 ii iii KATA PENGANTAR بِ ْس ِم هَّللاِ ال هر ْح َم ِن ال هر ِح ْيم Alhamdulillah, puji syukur penulis ucapkan kehadirat Allah swt. Yang telah memberikan nikmatNya berupa nikmat hidup, nikmat kesehatan, ilmu, sehingga penulis bisa sampai ketitik ini yaitu mampu menyelesaikan tugas skripsi. Dan tidak lupa pula penulis haturkan salawat dan salam kepada baginda Rasulullah saw. Sebagai suri tauladan bagi seluruh umat manusia sepanjang zaman. Skripsi yang berjudul “Pemerintahan Sultan Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar di Kerajaan Mughal 1556-1605” ini merupakan upaya penulis untuk memahami keadaan kerajaan Islam di India yakni kerajaan Mughal, khususnya pada pemerintahan Sultan Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar, yang eksis di tengah mayoritas agama Hindu. Dalam penulisan skripsi ini, membutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama serta ada banyak halangan dan rintangan yang dilalui penulis baik dalam proses pencarian data maupun kendala lainnya. Namun halangan dan rintangan tersebut mampu dilalui penulis berkat Allah swt. dan doa orang-orang terdekat penulis yang hebat dan selalu setia memberi dukungan kepada penulis. Untuk itu, penulis menyampaikan penghargaan yang setinggi-tingginya untuk kedua orang tua yakni ayahanda H. Abd. Hafid dan ibunda Hj. Nurdiah, sebagai orang tua tercinta yang telah melahirkan, membesarkan, membimbing dan menafkahi pendidikan dari jenjang sekolah dasar hingga ke perguruan tinggi dengan penuh ketabahan dan keikhlasan dan iringan doa yang selalu dipanjatkan untuk kebaikaan dan keberhasilan ananda. Mudah-mudahan jerih payah beliau bernilai ibadah disisi-Nya. Dan semoga apa yang dihaturkan dalam doanya untuk keberhasilan ananda diijabah oleh Allah swt. dan ananda mampu menjadi contoh untuk keluarga dan masyarakat. Amin Yaa Rabbal iv Alamin. Terimakasih juga penulis haturkan kepada kakak penulis yakni H. Muh. Agus Setiawan dan Hardianti, dan juga kemanakan penulis yakni Khaylila Hafid yang selalu memberikan support kepada penulis. Penulis juga tidak lupa menyampaikan terima kasih kepada: 1. Prof. Dr. Musafir Pababbari, M.Si., Rektor UIN Alauddin Makassar, Prof. Dr. Mardan, M.Ag., Wakil Rektor I (satu) Bidang Akademik dan Pengembangan Lembaga, Prof. Dr. Lomba Sultan, M.A., Wakil Rektor II (dua) Bidang Administrasi Umum dan Keuangan, Prof. Dr. Siti Aisyah, M.Ag., Wakil Rektor III (tiga) Bidang Kemahasiswaan dan Kerjasama UIN Alauddin Makassar atas kepemimpinan dan kebijakannya yang telah memberikan banyak kesempatan dan fasilitas kepada kami demi kelancaran dalam proses penyelesaian studi kami. 2. Dr. H. Barsihannor, M.Ag., Dekan Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora UIN Alauddin Makassar, Dr. Abd. Rahman R, M.Ag., Wakil Dekan I (satu) Bidang Akademik, Dr. Hj. Syamzan Syukur, M.Ag., Wakil Dekan II (dua) Bidang Administrasi, Dr. H. Muh. Nur Akbar Rasyid, M.Ed., Ph.D, Wakil Dekan III (tiga) Bidang Kemahasiswaan. Atas kesempatan dan fasilitas yang diberikan kepada kami selama proses perkuliahan hingga menyelesaikan studi. 3. Dr. Rahmat, M.Pd.I dan Dr. Abu Haif, M. Hum., Ketua dan Sekretaris Jurusan Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora UIN Alauddin Makassar, atas ketulusan dan keikhlasan serta banyak memberikan arahan dan motivasi studi. 4. Dr. Rahmat, M.Pd.I. dan Nurlidiawati, S.Ag., M.Pd., Sebagai Pembimbing pertama dan kedua. Penulis menyampaikan terima kasih yang setinggi-tingginya yang selalu membimbing selama penulisan skripsi ini. Disela-sela waktunya v yang sangat sibuk namun menyempatkan diri untuk membimbing dan mengarahkan penulis dalam penyelesaian skripsi ini. 5. Bapak/ Ibu Dosen jurusan Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam yang telah memberikan banyak ilmu hingga penyusun bisa sampai ketahap ini. 6. Bapak/ Ibu TU dan jajaran Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora yang telah membantu memberikan kemudahan dan kelancaran, serta dengan sabar melayani dan membantu penyusun mengurus administrasi akademik. 7. Saudara-saudara teman seperjuangan mahasiswa jurusan Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam Angkatan 2015 dan semua pihak yang memberikan bantuan dan dorongan baik yang bersifat materil dan non materil dalam penyelesaian skripsi ini. Sekali lagi terima kasih atas bantuan dan dukungan dari berbagai pihak, penulis tidak bisa membalas kebaikan yang telah diberikan, semoga Allah swt. yang membalas kemurahan hati dan kebaikan kalian semua. Amin Yaa Rabbal Alamin. vi DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN SAMPUL ........................................................................................ i PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN SKRIPSI .............................................................. ii PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI ................................................................................... iii KATA PENGANTAR ......................................................................................... iv DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................ vii PEDOMAN TRANSLITERASI .......................................................................... ix ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................... xiii BAB I PENDAHULUAN .............................................................................. 1-16 A. Latar Belakang Masalah ............................................................... 1 B. Rumusan Masalah ........................................................................ 6 C. Fokus Penelitian dan Deskripsi Fokus ......................................... 6 D. Tinjauan Pustaka .......................................................................... 10 E. Metodologi Penelitian .................................................................. 12 F. Tujuan dan Kegunaan Penelitian .................................................. 15 BAB II LATAR BELAKANG KEHIDUPAN SULTAN JALALUDDIN MUHAMMAD AKBAR .................................................................... 17-35 A. Silsilah ......................................................................................... 17 B. Pendidikan .................................................................................... 31 C. Karakter ........................................................................................ 33 BAB III USAHA-USAHA SULTAN JALALUDDIN MUHAMMAD AKBAR DALAM PEMERINTAHAN DI KERAJAAN MUGHAL............ 36-52 A. Aspek Politik ................................................................................ 36 B. Aspek Keagamaan ......................................................................... 42 vii C. Perluasan Wilayah Kekuasaan ...................................................... 47 BAB IV PENGARUH PEMERINTAHAN SULTAN JALALUDDIN MUHAMMAD AKBAR DI INDIA ................................................. 53-65 A. Bidang Politik ................................................................................ 53 B. Bidang Agama ............................................................................... 57 C. Bidang Ekonomi ............................................................................ 58 D. Bidang Seni Budaya ...................................................................... 60 E. Bidang Sosial ................................................................................ 61 F. Bidang Ilmu Pengetahuan............................................................. 61 BAB V PENUTUP .......................................................................................... 66-68 A. Kesimpulan .................................................................................... 66 B. Implikasi ........................................................................................ 68 DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................... 69 RIWAYAT HIDUP PENULIS ........................................................................... 71 viii PEDOMAN TRANSLITERASI Pedoman Transliterasi Arab Latin yang merupakan hasil keputusan bersama (SKB) Menteri Agama dan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan R.I. No: 158 Tahun 1987 dan No: 0543b/U/1987. Terdapat sejumlah istilah dan kosakata yang berasal dari bahasa Arab dengan huruf hijai‟yyah ditransliterasi kedalam bahasa Indonesia dengan menggunakan huruf latin. 1. Konsonan Daftar huruf bahasa Arab dan transliterasinya ke dalam huruf latin dapat dilihat sebagai berikut: Huruf Nama Huruf Latin Nama Arab Alif Tidak dilambangkan Tidak dilambangkan ا Ba b Be ب Ta t Te ت Tsa s es (dengan titi di atas) ث Jim j Je ج Ha h ha (dengan titik di bawah) ح kha‟
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