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Headmark 029 8-3 Aug 1982 JOURNAL OF THE AUSTRALIAN NAVAL INSTITUTE VOLUME 8 AUGUST 1982 NUMBER 3 AUSTRALIAN NAVAL INSTITUTE 1. The Australian Naval Inslitute has been formed and incorporated in the Australian Capital Territory. The main objects of the Institute are:— a. to encourage and promote the advancement of knowledge related to the Navy and the Maritime profession. b. to provide a forum foi the exchange of ideas concerning subjects related to the Navy and the Maritime profession. c. to publish a journal. 2. The Institute is self supposing and non-profit making. The aim is to encourage discussion, dissemina- tion of information, comment and opinion and the advancement of professional knowledge concerning naval and maritime matte-s. 3. Membership of the Institute is open to — a. Regular Members — Members of the Permanent Naval Forces of Australia. b. Associate Members — (1) Members of the Reserve Naval Forces of Australia. (2) Members of the Australian Military Forces and the Royal Australian Air Force both permanent and reserve. (3) Ex-members of the Australian Defence Forces, both permanent and reserve components, provided that they have been honourably discharged from that force. (4) Other persons having and professing a special interest in naval and maritime affairs. c. Honorary Members — A person who has made a distinguished contribution to the Naval or maritime profession or who has rendered distinguished service to the Institute may be elected by the Council to Honorary Membership. 4 Joining fee for Regular ard Associate members is $5. Annual Subscription for both is $15. 5. Inquiries and application for membership should be directed to:— The Secretary, Australian Naval Institute, P.O. Box 18, DEAKIN, A.C.T. 2600 CONTRIBUTIONS As the Australian Naval Institute exists for the promotion and advancement of knowledge relating to the Naval and maritime profession, all members are strongly encouraged to submit articles for publication. Only in this way will our aims be achieved. DISCLAIMER In writing for the Institute i: must be borne in mind that the views expressed are those of the author and not necessarily those of the Department of Defence, the Chief of Naval Staff or the Institute. The Editorial Committee reserves the right to amend articles for publication purposes. Registered for Posting as a Publication — Category B ISSN 03/2-5807 JOURNAL OF THE AUSTRALIAN NAVAL INSTITUTE (INC.) TITLE CONTENTS PAGE Chapter News 2 Correspondence 3 Notice of Annual General Meeting 5 From the Secretary's desk 7 Changed your Address? 7 New Members 8 Subscriptions 8 History Under Whitehall — byLtCdrW.N. Swan OAM RAN (Rtd) 9 Seapower'81 Revisited 11 Contributions 11 Australia's Naval Strategy for the Next Decade — by SqdnLdr O.K. Palmer 13 A Small Ship View of the Battle of the Atlantic — by Mr Michael Thwaites 19 The Relevance of Gunboat Diplomacy in the 1980s — by Commander R. Burgess RAN 21 Gunboat Diplomacy and the Falklands Conflict — by Commander R. Burgess RAN 29 Industrial Relations Training — by MrC. Evans 31 HMS BUCCANEER — by Jack Philip-Nicols 36 Washington Notes 39 Journal Binders 43 Ships and the Sea 45 Book Reviews 47 Journal Back Issues 50 Naval Institute Insignia 51 Application for Membership 52 Articles or condensations of articles are not to be reprinted or reproduced without the permission of the Institute. Extracts may be quoted for the purposes of research, review or comment provided the source is acknowledged. The front cover: Armed Trawler similar to that discussed by Mr Michael Thwaites. Journal of the Australian Naval Institute — Page 1 CHAPTER NEWS The Canberra Chapter has attempted to maintain a consistent level of activity this year. Regrettably, our March meeting had to be can- celled at short notice when our speaker — Mr Don Fry, Managing Director of North Queensland Engineers and Agents — was unable to attend. However, Mr Michael Thwaites addressed a combined meeting of 20 members of the Institute and Naval Historical Society on 27 April, his subject being 'A Small Ship View of the Battle of the Atlantic'. Rear Admiral R.W. Paffard, CB, CBE, RN Ret'd, shared some anecdotes of naval life in the 1920s and 1930s at a similar meeting on 25 May, and Captain T.J. Holden RAN addressed the Chapter on 'Developments in International Law Affecting the Conduct of Naval Warfare' on 3 August. Articles based on these addresses will be published in the Journal. Regrettably, attendance at Chapter Meet- ings has averaged slightly less than 10% of Institute members in the Canberra area. This proved to be an expensive disappointment, as preparations for each meeting had included the mailing of letters to 60 members who could not be contacted through a circular within the Depart- ment of Defence. Notice of meetings through the post has ceased, as the cost involved did not produce any increased attendance at meetings Notice of Chapter meetings will now normally be provided only in the Journal, which is inexpensive but allows little planning flexibility as all the arrange- ments must be finalised several months in advance. The Chapter will convene next immediately after the Annual General Meeting of the Institute on 22 October, in Legacy House, Allara Street, Canberra City. Our speaker is planned to be Mr Don Fry, who has indicated his willingness to travel to Canberra to address the Institute on the subject 'Naval Shipbuilding in North Queensland' This promises to be a most interesting meeting, and we look forward to the attendance of members from both the ACT, and interstate. Page 2 — Journal of the Auslra Van Naval Institute Correspondence FIRST NAVAL MEMBERS AND THE RAN, 1931-1948 Of the three RN officers. Sir Guy Royle had the most difficult time, clashing with the Government over the AUSTRALIA Court Dear Sir, Martial in 1942 and again in 1945 after the abortive attempt to Captain Bateman in his discussions of the loss of the secure the loan of HMS OCEAN and two 6" gunned cruisers SYDNEY raised the question of whether or not the British Flag (initially, HMS KENYA and one other). Forewarned, Sir Louis Officers, who served on loan to the RAN as First Naval Member Hamilton left the United Kingdom with the stated intention of and Chief of the Naval Staff, may have experienced a conflict of establishing a Fleet Air Arm in the RAN based around at least loyalties between the Australian Government on one hand and two light fleet carriers, whatever the cost and whatever the the Admiralty on the other. means The approval by Government of such a programme This issue hitherto has received little attention from his- before he left Australia is purely a tribute to Hamilton's tact and torians but is one of such importance in the development of the powers of persuasion RAN that it deserves full treatment. One other matter which deserves mention is the appoint- The fact is that there has also been a definite tendency to ment of Sir John Collins as First Naval Member. Admiral Collins play down the great work done by senior RN officers on loan as had been considered the prospective first RANG graduate CNS well as that of those who transferred to the RAN from the RN and since at least 1941 and the Admiralty were in wholehearted RNR in the very early days This particularly applies to four First agreement with this selection They made the point, however, Naval Members: that Collins could do with more experience in Flag Rank before Vice-Admiral Sir George F Hyde KCB CVO CBE RAN 1931 -37 his appointment as First Naval Member then command of the Vice-Admiral Sir Ragnar Colvin KBE CB 1937-41 Australian Squadron and the Imperial Defence College course. Vice-Admiral Sir Guy Royle KCB CMC 1941-45 Sir John, for one, was hardly likely to disagree, since early Vice-Admiral Sir Louis Hamilton KCB DSO 1945-48 appointment to the post meant almost certainly, eventual pre- It should be realised that the Admiralty did its best to select mature retirement. the very best of what could be described as the 'Second Eleven In informal discussions the Admiralty proposed a variety of Admirals; that is those who were not slated for command of one posts, including a year in Whitehall as an additional ACNS of the two major fleets or in the running for appointment as First followed by an appointment as C-in-C East Indies. An essential Sea Lord. requirement for these appointments to be made was the Colvin, for example, had served successively as Chief of Staff selection of another senior RN Flag Officer to relieve Hamilton in the Home Fleet, Rear Admiral Second Battle Sguadron and (The latter refused to extend his time more than six months past Admiral President at Greenwich. Royle had been Naval his original two year term). This, unfortunately, the Labor Secretary, Vice Admiral Aircraft Carriers and Fifth Sea Lord and Government would now allow. Chief of Naval Air Services. The affair probably ended forever the chance of RAN Flag The real problem was that many Flag Officers didn't want to Officers serving in the RN in exchange posts, as distinct from RN come. Sir Max Horton refused the job before World War I and Sir senior officers serving on loan to make up RAN members The Harold Burrough (among others) in 1945 They saw the appoint- last loan British Flag Officer on loan to the RN was. I believe. ment of First Naval Member as being one with little power and Rear Admiral J.W M. Eaton DSO, DSC as FOCAF in the early great responsibility The RAN was run on a shoe-string and 1950 s The only RAN Flag Officer to have served on exchange Australian politicians (of all parties) and Australian civil servants with the RN was Sir Francis Hyde who as a Rear Admiral (not, I hasten to add, those of the Department of the Navy) had a commanded the Third Battle Squadron in 1930-31 nasty reputation for meddling Finally, as FOCAS commanded Yours faithfully the Squadron.
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