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A Natural History of the Ducks

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A Natural History of the Ducks Actx^ssioiis FROM THE Accessions Fl!C).\l TlIK Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from Boston Public Library http://www.archive.org/details/naturalhistoryof01phil A NATUEAL HISTORY OF THE DUCKS IN FOUR VOLUMES VOLUME I THE DUCK MARSH A NATURAL HISTORY OF THE DUCKS BY JOHN C. PHILLIPS ASSOCIATE CUBATOR OF BIRDS EST THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY AT HARVARD COLLEGE WITH PLATES IN COLOR AND IN BLACK AND WHITE FROM DRAWINGS BY FRANK W. BENSON, ALLAN BROOKS AND LOUIS AGASSIZ FUERTES VOLUME I PLECTROPTERINM, DENDROCYGNINM, ANATINM (m part) BOSTON AND NEW TOEK HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY @D|)e Eitiereilie l^xtm CamiiTtlisc 1922 COPYRIGHT, 1922, BY JOHN C. PHILLIPS ALL EIGHTS RESERVED 16 CAMBRIDGE • MASSACHUSETTS PRINTED IN THE U.S.A. ACKNOWLEDGMENT To Mr. William L. Langer, whose knowledge of languages and bibliography- has been indispensable, I owe a lasting debt for many summers of faithful work. Major Allan Brooks and Louis Agassiz Fuertes have given much time and thought to their drawings and have helped me with their gen- eral knowledge of the Duck Tribe. Dr. Glover M. Allen has devoted val- uable time to checking references, and his advice has served to smooth out many wrinkles. To Frank W. Benson, who has done so much in teaching us the decorative value of water-fowl, I owe the frontispiece of this first volume. Lastly I must say a word for the patient and painstaking manner in which many naturalists and sportsmen have answered hun- dreds of long and tedious letters. John C. Phillips Wenham, Massachusetts November, 1922 COPYRIGHT, 1922, BY JOHN C. PHILLIPS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Vfit jKibetsitie 9n<s CAMBRIDGE . MASSACHUSETTS PRINTED IN THE U.S.A. ACKNOWLEDGMENT To Mr. William L. Langer, whose knowledge of languages and bibliography has been indispensable, I owe a lasting debt for many summers of faithful work. Major Allan Brooks and Louis Agassiz Fuertes have given much time and thought to their drawings and have helped me with their gen- eral knowledge of the Duck Tribe. Dr. Glover M. Allen has devoted val- uable time to checking references, and his advice has served to smooth out many wrinkles. To Frank W. Benson, who has done so much in teaching us the decorative value of water-fowl, I owe the frontispiece of this first volume. Lastly I must say a word for the patient and painstaking manner in which many naturalists and sportsmen have answered hun- dreds of long and tedious letters. John C. Phillips Wenham, Massachusetts November, 1922 CONTENTS WILD-FOWL, BY Pai Ta-shun 2 INTRODUCTION 3 ORDER CHENOMORPILE, SUBORDER ANSERES, FAMILY ANATID^ 41 SUBFAMILY PLECTROPTERIN^ 45 Spue-winged Goose, Plectropterus gambensis (Brisson) 49 Black Spue-winged Goose, Plectropterus gambensis niger Sclater 56 Muscovy Duck, Cairina moschata (Linne) 57 Comb oe Knob-billed Duck, Sarcidiornis melanota (Pennant) 68 South Ameeican Comb Duck, Sarcidiornis carunculata (Lichtenstein) 77 White-winged Wood Duck, Asarcornis scutulata (S. Miiller) 80 Haetlaub's Teal, Pteronetta hartlaubi (Cassin) 85 Pink-headed Duck, Rhodonessa caryophyllacea (Latham) 90 African Pygmy Goose, Nettapus auritus (Boddaert) 94 Green Pygmy Goose, Nettapus pulchellu^ (Gould) 98 Indian Pygmy Goose or Cotton Teal, Nettapus coromandelianus (Gmelin) 102 SUBFAMILY DENDROCYGNINiE 113 White-faced Tree Duck, Dendrocygna viduata (Linne) 117 Fulvous Teee Duck, Dendrocygna bicolor (Vieillot) 128 Wandeeing Teee Duck, Dendrocygna arcuata (Horsfield) 140 Lessee Whistling Teal, Dendrocygna javanica (Horsfield) 148 Black-bellied Tree Duck, Dendrocygna autumnalis (Linne) 157 Gray-breasted Tree Duck, Dendrocygna discolor Sclater and Salvin 163 Black-billed Tree Duck, Dendrocygna arborea (Linne) 168 Spotted Tree Duck, Dendrocygna guttulata Wallace 174 Eyton's Tree Duck, Dendrocygna eytoni (Eyton) 177 viii CONTENTS SUBFAMILY ANATIN^ 183 Egtptian Goose, Alopochen wgyptiacus (Brisson) 187 Okinoco Goose, Alopochen jubatus (Spix) 200 Common Sheldrake, Tadorna tadoma (Linne) 204 Radjah Sheldrake, Tadorna radjah (Garnot) 224 Tadoma radjah rufitergum Hartert 227 Crested Sheldrake, Pseiidotadorna cristata Kuroda 228 Ruddy Sheldrake, Casarca ferruginea (Pallas) 230 South African Sheldrake, Casarca cana (Gmelin) 247 New Zealand or Paradise Sheldrake, Casarca variegata (Gmelin) 250 Australian Sheldrake, Casarca tadornoides (Jardine and Selby) 259 LIST OF PLATES Plate 1. The Duck Marsh Frontispiece By Frank W. Benson Plate 2. Spur-WINGED Goose, Pledropterus gambensis (Brisson) . Adult male By Louis Agassiz Fuertes facing page 50 Plate 3. Muscovy Duck, Cairina moschata (Linne). Adult male and female By Louis Agassiz Fuertes facing page 58 Plate 4. Comb or Knob-billed Duck, Sarcidiornis melanota (Pennant). Adult male and female facing page 68 By Louis Agassiz Fuertes Plate 5. South American Comb Duck, Sarcidiornis carunculata (Lichtenstein) Adult male and female facing page 78 By Louis Agassiz Fuertes Plate 6. White-WINGED Wood Duck, Asarcornis scutulata (S. Miiller). Adult male and female facing page 80 By Louis Agassiz Fuertes Plate 7. Hartlaub's Teal, Pteronetta kartlaubi (Cassin). Adult male, female, and downy young facing page 86 By Louis Agassiz Fuertes Plate 8. Pink-headed Duck, Rhodonessa caryophyllacea (Latham). Adult male and female facing page 90 By Louis Agassiz Fuertes Plate 9. African Pygmy Goose, Nettapus auritus (Boddaert). Adtdt male and female facing page 94. By Louis Agassiz Fuertes Plate 10. Green Pygmy Goose, Nettapus pulchellus (Gould). Adult male Indian Pygmy Goose or Cotton Teal, Nettapus coromandelianus (Gmelin) Adult male and female facing page 100 By Louis Agassiz Fuertes Plate 11. White-faced Tree Duck, Dendrocygna viduata (Linne). Adult Black-bellied Tree Duck, Dendrocygna autumnalis (Linne). Adult Gray-breasted Tree Duck, Dendrocygna discolor Sclater and Salvin Adult facing page 118 By Louis Agassiz Fuertes Plate 12. Fulvous Tree Duck, Dendrocygna bicolor (Vieillot). Adult Lesser Whistling Teal, Dendrocygna javanica (Horsfield) Adult Wandering Tree Duck, Dendrocygna arcuata (Horsfield) Adult By Louis Agassiz Fuertes facing page 128 X LIST OF PLATES Plate 13. Downy Young of Teee Ducks Black-bellied Tree Duck, Dendrocygna autumnalis (Linne) Fulvous Tree Duck, Dendrocygna bicolor (Vieillot) Lesser Whistling Teal, Dendrocygna javanica (Horsfield) facing page 148 By Allan Brooks Plate 14. Spotted Tree Duck, Dendrocygna guttulata Wallace. Adult Eyton's Tree Duck, Dendrocygna eytoni (Eyton). Adult Black-billed Tree Duck, Dendrocygna arborea (Linne). Adult By Louis Agassiz Fuertes facing page 168 Plate 15. Egyptian Goose, Alopochen cegyptiacus (Brisson). Adult {^Tp\x) Objnoco Goose, Alopochen juhatus . Adult facing page 188 By Louis Agassiz Fuertes Plate 16. Common Sheldrake, Tadorna tadorna (Linne). Adult male and female Radjah Sheldrake, Tadorna radjah (Garnot) . Adult male facing page 204 By Louis Agassiz Fuertes Plate 17. Ruddy Sheldrake, Casarca ferruginea (Pallas). Adult male and female South African Sheldrake, Casarca cana (Gmelin). Adult male and female facing page 230 By Louis Agassiz Fuertes Plate 18. New Zealand or Paradise Sheldrake, Casarca variegata (Gmelin) Adult male and female Australian Sheldrake, Casarca tadornoides (Jardine and Selby). Adult male and female facing page 250 By Louis Agassiz Fuertes LIST OF MAPS Map 1. Distribution of Spur-winged Goose {Plectropterus gambensis) facing page 52 Map 2. Distribution of Muscovy Duck (Cairina moschata) facing page 60 Map 3. Distribution of Comb Duck (Sarcidiornis melanota) facing page 70 Map 4. Distribution of South American Comb Duck {Sarcidiornis carunculata) facing page 79 Map 5. Distribution of White-winged Wood Duck (Asarcornis scutulata) facing page 82 Map 6. Distribution of Hartlaub's Teal (Pteronetta hartlauhi) facing page 88 Map 7. Distribution of Pink-headed Duck (Rhodonessa caryophyllacea) facing page 92 Map 8. Distribution of African Pygmy Goose {Nettapus auritus) facing page 96 Map 9. Distribution of Green Pygmy Goose (Nettapus pulchellus) facing page 98 Map 10. Distribution of Indian Pygmy Goose (Nettapus coromandelianus) facing page 104 Map 11. Distribution of White-faced Tree Duck (Dendrocygna viduata) facing page 120 Map 12. Distribution of Fulvous Tree Duck (Dendrocygna hicolor) facing page 132 Map 13. Distribution of Wandering Tree Duck (Dendrocygna arcuata) facing page 142 Map 14. Distribution of Lesser Whistling Teal (Dendrocygna javanica) facing page 150 Map 15. Distribution of Black-bellied Tree Duck (Dendrocygna autumnalis) facing page 158 Map 16. Distribution of Gray-breasted Tree Duck (Dendrocygna discolor) facing page 164 Map 17. Distribution of Black-billed Tree Duck (Dendrocygna arborea) facing page 170 Map 18. Distribution of Spotted Tree Duck (Dendrocygna guttulata) facing page 174 Map 19. Distribution of Eyton's Tree Duck (Dendrocygna eytoni) facing page 178 Map 20. Distribution of Egyptian Goose (Alopochen oegyptiacus) facing page 190 Map 21. Distribution of Orinoco Goose (Alopochen jubatus) facing page 200 Map 22. Distribution of Common Sheldrake (Tadorna tadorna) facing page 208 Map 23. Distribution of Radjah Sheldrake (Tadorna radjah) facing page 224 Map 24. Distribution of Ruddy Sheldrake (Casarca ferruginea) facing page 234 Map 25. Distribution of South African Sheldrake (Casarca cana) facing page 248 Map 26. Distribution of New Zealand Sheldrake (Casarca variegata) facing page 252 Map 27. Distribution of Australian Sheldrake (Casarca tadornoides) facing page 260 X LIST OF PLATES Plate 13. Downy Young of Tree Ducks Black-bellied Tree Duck, Dendrocygna autumnalis (Linne)
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