News Published Monthly by Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago

Vol. 2 JANUARY, 1931 No. 1

ROOSEVELTS' GIANT PANDA GROUP INSTALLED IN WILLIAM V. KELLEY HALL

By Wilfred H. Osgood conferences with them at Field Museum be superficial, and it was then transferred Curator, Department of Zoology while the expedition was being organized, to the group which includes the raccoons although it was agreed that a giant panda and allies, one of which was the little panda, The outstanding feature of the William would furnish a most satisfactory climax for or common which is also Asiatic in V. Kelley-Roosevelts Expedition to Eastern panda, their the chance of one was distribution. Still an Asia for Field Museum was the obtaining efforts, getting later, independent posi- considered so small it was best to tion was advocated for in which it became of a complete and perfect specimen of the thought it, make no announcement it when the sole of a peculiar animal known as the giant panda concerning living representative distinct or great panda. In popular accounts this they started. There were other less spec- family of mammals. Preliminary examina- rare beast has been described as an animal tacular animals to be hunted, the obtaining tion of the complete skeleton obtained by with a face like a raccoon, a body like a of which would be a sufficient measure of the Roosevelts seems to indicate that more bear, and feet like a cat. Although these success, so the placing of advance emphasis careful study will substantiate this last view. characterizations are The giant panda is not scientifically accu- a giant only by com- rate, all of them have parison with its sup- some basis in fact, and posed relative, the little it might even be added panda, which is long- that its teeth have cer- tailed and about the tain slight resem- size of a small fox. The blances to those of a so-called giant is in pig. It is small wonder reality smaller than then that the animal most bears and proba- is of unusual interest, bly does not exceed 150 quite aside from its pounds in weight. Skins rarity and its striking obtained from natives coloration. often are stretched so It was discovered as to give a false im- some sixty years ago by pression of size. The Pere Armand David, specimen taken by the "^ French missionary Roosevelts is a full Itationed in the Mou- grown male, and the ping district of western measurements taken China. A skin and before it was skinned skull were sent at that as well as those pro- time to the Paris vided by the skeleton Museum of Natural indicate that the ani- History where they mal had a length of were figured and de- about four feet and a scribed under the name shoulder height of Ailuropus melanoleucus twenty-eight inches. by the famous zoolo- In the group which gist Alphonse Milne- The Giant Panda (Hall 17)—William V. Kelley-Roosevelts Expedition has just been opened Edwards. In later to view in William V. years, reports of the animal were received on the giant panda would have been to invite Kelley Hall (Hall 17) two pandas are shown, occasionally. Natives collected some imper- an unwarranted public interpretation of one being the specimen killed by the Roose- fect skins, mostly without skulls or other failure in case the one great rarity was not velts. The other specimen was prepared bones, and at rare intervals these were secured. The Roosevelts' habit of success, from a skin obtained by them from natives. shipped out and acquired by a few of the however, did not fail them, and they have The animals are shown in their favorite habi- larger museums of the world. brought to Field Museum not the only tat of bamboo thickets which in western China So far as known, up to 1928 the animal giant panda specimen in the world, as some are found growing at altitudes up to 10,000 accounts have but the had never been successfully hunted by stated, only complete feet or more. One of them is seen feeding on white men. It inhabited a remote region and perfect one and the only one killed by the twigs and stalks of bamboo which seem white difficult of access, and even in its home men. to furnish their principal diet, and for crush- grounds it was evidently rare and difficult Owing to the lack of complete skeletal ing and chewing which their extraordinarily to find. It was therefore exactly the sort of material in the past, the exact systematic heavy teeth have doubtless been developed. animal to excite the interest of Colonel position of the panda has been somewhat The animals have been skillfully prepared by Theodore Roosevelt and Kermit Roosevelt doubtful. It was at first classified with the Taxidermist Julius Friesser, and a back- when planning their recent expedition bears and called the parti-colored bear, but ground of unusual beauty has been painted through Central Asia. At one of the last its external resemblance to bears proved to by Staff Artist Charles A. Corwin.

Work Resumed at Kish history of Kish back beyond 4000 B.C. The Komodo Lizard Exhibited expedition is financed Marshall Field on Excavations on the site of the ancient city by An exhibit of the of behalf of Field Museum, and by Herbert giant dragon-lizard of Kish, near Babylon, have been resumed Dutch East is now on view Weld and others on behalf of Oxford. Komodo, Indies, by the Field Museum-Oxford University in Albert W. Harris Hall (Hall 18). It was Joint Expedition to Mesopotamia, it is re- prepared from one of the specimens obtained ported by Professor Stephen Langdon, direc- the Chancellor-Stuart-Field Museum Trustee Markham Is Dead by of the expedition. This is the eighth Expedition to the South Pacific, 1929. This Bason of the expedition's operations. L. C. With deep regret Field Museum records is the largest extant species of lizard, and JorVatelin is again in charge of field work. the death of one of its Trustees, Charles H. one of the rarest, being found nowhere in About 300 men will be employed in the Markham. Mr. Markham died on November the world except in the islands of Komodo excavating work this season. 24, 1930, at his winter home at Altadena, and Flores of the Lesser Sunda group, east At the end of the last period of work the California. He was 69 years old, and had of Java. A picture of the exhibit, and a diggers had penetrated into strata bearing been a member of the Board of Trustees more detailed article on it, will appear in marks of ancient floods, and had traced the since 1924. a subsequent issue of Field Museum News. Page 2 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS January, 1931

Field Museum of Natural History money and materials aware of the institu- have been of great benefit throughout the tion's of their efforts to assist Museum. His of the Field Founded by Marshall Field, 1893 appreciation support Stanley it in carrying on its work. It is hoped that Plant Reproduction Laboratories has Roosevelt Road and Lake Michigan, Chicago given^C^, the presence of these two lists conspicuously the Museum the leading place among institu-v* *»" in the building will result in a tions of its kind in the field of Year^1^ THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES displayed botany. greater realization on the part of the general after year Mr. Field has supplied funds to John Borden William H. Mitchell public of the great civic indebtedness owed cover the Museum's annual de- William J. Chalmers Frederick H. Rawson operating R. T. Crane, Jr. George A. Richardson to these donors for their support of the ficits, in addition to making many other Marshall Field Martin A. Ryerson advancement of science and education. The generous contributions for various purposes. Stanley Field Fred W. Sargent extension of the benefits to be derived from Above he has done for the Ernest R. Graham Stephen C. Simms everything Albert W. Harris James Simpson the Museum is made possible by the many Museum, shines his personal interest and Samuel Insull, Jr. Solomon A. Smith friends thus directly supporting it, and it is devotion to the institution and its mission, William V. Kelley Albert A. Spragub desired that the visitors the advan- as manifested the of his Cyrus H. McCormick Silas H. Strawn enjoying by large part waking William Wrigley, Jr. tages offered here shall become conscious of hours devoted to serving it. He not only this fact. spends much of his time at work in the OFFICERS It is only just to mention that there are Museum, but devotes many of his hours at Stanley Field President also thousands of other donors of and home and elsewhere to careful and Martin A. Ryerson First Vice-President money thought Albert A. Spragub Second Vice-President materials in lesser amounts, whose gifts are planning for the advancement of its interests. James Simpson Third Vice-President as fully appreciated. Obviously, it would —S.C.S. Stephen C. Simms Director and Secretary be impracticable to display a list of all these, Solomon A. Smith . . .Treasurer and Assistant Secretary because of space limitations, and so a some- Rare Acquisitions what arbitrary line cannot be avoided for The of has FIELD MUSEUM NEWS the purposes of the displayed lists. However, Department Anthropology received several valuable gifts recently. L. Stephen C. Simms, Director of the Museum Editor acknowledgments of all these other gifts M. Willis of a appear each year in the published Annual Chicago presented beautifully CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Roman found in Reports of the Director of the Museum, and shaped glass amphora This vase has been added to a Berthold Laufer Curator of Anthropology it is desired that their donors shall feel that Pompeii. B. E. Dahlgren Acting Curator of Botany case of in E. are enrolled in the same of antique glass Edward and Emma O. C. Farrington Curator of Geology they company B. Ayer Hall (Hall 2). Wilfred H. Osgood Curator of Zoology public spirited citizens as those whose re- a Anne old Chinese jade carving of the T'ang H. B. Haute Editor sources have permitted contributions on Managing has been donated larger scale. period (a.d. 618-906) by Mrs. T. Smith of a Patron Field Museum is open every day of the year during George Chicago, the hours indicated below: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO and Corporate Member of the Museum. November, December, January 9 a.m. to 4:30 P.M. HONORS STANLEY FIELD The carving represents a recumbent lion- February, March, April, October 9 a.m. to 5:00 P.M. like flamed monster devouring two snakes. May, June, July, August, September 9 a.m. to 6:00 P.M. of Doctor of Laws was An honorary degree David Weber of Chicago presented two is all Other conferred President of Admission free to Members on days. upon Stanley Field, very interesting mortuary clay figures of adults are admitted free on and Thursdays, Saturdays Field Museum of Natural History, by the horsewomen in a match. Six Sundays; non-members 25 cents on other days. engaged polo pay of at its convocation, Children are admitted free on all days. Students and University Chicago fine old Navaho blankets were received as a members of educational institutions are admit- held December 22-24. President Robert faculty gift from Burridge D. Butler, publisher of credentials. ted free any day upon presentation of Maynard Hutchins of the university presided The Prairie Farmer. The Library of the Museum, containing some 92,000 at the ceremony. Presentation of the degree volumes on natural history subjects, is open for refer- was made Dean Richard E. Scammon. >\W ence daily except Sunday. by Gifts to the Museum * * This honor to Mr. Traveling exhibits are circulated in the schools of Chicago by the Museum's Department of the N. W. Field is largely in Following is a list of some of the principal Harris Public School Extension. recognition of great gifts received during the last month: Lecturers for school classrooms and assemblies, and public service he has From L. M. Willis— set in bronze entertainments and lecture tours for children at glass amphora special his from David Weber—2 the are the James Nelson and rendered through tripod stand, Pompeii; mortuary Museum, provided by of horsewomen Anna Louise Foundation for Public School work and his bene- clay figures playing polo, T'ang period, Raymond from Mrs. T. Smith— carving of a and Children's Lectures. China; George jade factions as a Trustee, recumbent lion-like monster devouring two snakes, of courses of free illustrated lectures Announcements and as President, of T'ang period, China; from Rev. H. A. Cotton—40 speci- on science and travel for the and lectures public, special the Museum. mens from the Ovimbundu, Angola, Africa; from Miss to Members of the Museum, will appear in Field Magda Heuermann—pottery cup from prehistoric Museum News. Mr. Field first be- tumulus, bronze period, Prussia; from Dr. Ralph M. There is a cafeteria in the Museum where luncheon came a Trustee and Whitehead—6 specimens from the Aguaruna Indians, Amazon from Mrs. Ernest N. Braucher is served for visitors. Other rooms are provided for a Vice-president of region, Brazil; those bringing their lunches. —8 specimens of arrowheads and spearheads; from the Museum in 1906, William J. Chalmers— beryl crystal specimen weighing Members are requested to inform the Museum and in 1909 he was 950 pounds, Albany, Maine; from Arthur S. Vernay— promptly of changes of address. Bushman South from elected President, 28 ethnological objects, Africa; S. C. Simms—2 photographs of Meteor Crater, Arizona, which office he has and specimen of sand concretion, Arizona; from Miss DUE RECOGNITION filled continuously Alice Lorey—2 cabochon cut agates and specimen of Michigan; from Karl Plath —Mexican black- For some time past there has been dis- until the present copper, — headed oriole; from Charles E. Burt 5 frfflji and a of in Stanley Field Hall a bronze plaque time. His tenure lizard; from John G. Shedd Aquarium—27 fishes: from — Bruce Elayedearing a list of the names of the Benefactors the Presidency coin- B. H. Grave 5 salamanders; from E. L. Com- —2 boards of red from Messrs. Paul C. of the Museum— the cides with the period Stanley Field pany gum; designated by by-laws Lett. Bryan Patterson, Frank Letl,TheodoreWallschlager of the institution as those persons who have of the greatest ex- and Misses Fern C offman and Vera Foster — 33 fossil given the Museum $100,000 or more in cash, pansion and progress attained in the history worms, 37 fossil plants and 12 graptolites. securities or property. This stands as a of the Museum, and this development may permanent memorial to these Benefactors, in large measure be traced directly to the BEQUESTS AND ENDOWMENTS dead. Several have been influence he has exerted, and to the living and names great Bequests to Field Museum of Natural History may added in recent years, and the number now amount of time, labor and money which he be made in securities, money, books or collections. if take the form of a memorial to appearing is eighteen. has devoted unceasingly and without stint They may, desired, a or cause named by the giver. For those desiring It was decided that some similar to make this museum one of the greatest in person recently to make bequests, the following form is suggested: permanent recognition should be given many the world. He has filled the office of Presi- FORM OF BEQUEST others who have generously contributed to dent with the utmost ability, and it may be the funds and possessions of Field Museum. truly said that every branch of the Museum's / do hereby give and bequeath to Field Museum of For this reason a new bronze frame has just activities has had his direct personal atten- Natural History of the City of Chicago, State of IUinoie, been installed in Stanley Field Hall, near the tion and has benefited thereby throughout north entrance to the building, in which has the period in which he has been at the helm. been posted a list of all persons who have Mr. Field was instrumental in obtaining Cash contributions made within the taxable to— made contributions in value from the centrally located and otherwise advan- year ranging Field Museum not exceeding 15 per cent of the taxAjt* to names site of the Museum $1,000 $100,000. Ninety-six now tageous present building, payer's net income are allowable as deductions in com\^ appear on the list in this frame, and pro- and in successfully pushing through to com- puting net income under Article 251 of Regulation 69 to income tax under the Revenue Act of 1926. visions have been made for the addition of pletion the construction program. In every relating be to the Museum with the others as occasion demands. Department and Division of the institution Endowments may made provision that an annuity be paid to the patron for life. The Museum has previously taken pains he has manifested a direct personal interest, These annuities are tax-free and are guaranteed against to make these generous contributors of and his ideas, advice, suggestions and gifts fluctuation in amount. January, 1931 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS PageS

COW TREES rare goat-antelope known as the -takin, for SPECIAL SUNDAY LECTURES use in a habitat to be added MEMBERS By Paul C. Standley proposed group FOR MUSEUM to the series of Asiatic mammals in William Associate Curator of the Herbarium The final three illustrated lectures of the V. Kelley Hall (Hall 17). current series for Members of Field Museum Field Museum received through 1 recently, This heavy-bodied animal, which has curi- will be given on Sunday afternoons in Janu- Professor Samuel J. Record, its Research ously shaped horns, inhabits the same moun- ary. Following are the dates, subjects and Associate in Wood Technology, herbarium is tainous region in which the giant panda speakers: of another Central American tree obtained specimens found. When the specimens are 11—The Nile and that milk. It was identified as January Beyond yields it is planned to install them in a case adjacent Major A. Radcliffe Dupnore, F.R.G.S., P.R.P.S., Naucleopsis naga, a member of the mulberry to that containing the panda group recently .London family that ranges from Costa Rica to Hon- completed with specimens obtained by the January 18—A Naturalist in the South Seas duras. E. H. Taylor, of the United Fruit William V. Kelley-Roosevelts Expedition. (The Story of the Cornelius Crane Pacific Company, who obtained the specimens in the The present expedition is led by Floyd Expedition as told in Jungle Islands, which Atlantic lowlands of T. Smith of Long Island, N. Y., who is the was reviewed in The Chicago Tribune, Costa Rica, reports only white man in the party. For some December 6, 1930, and which is on sale at that no use is made of time past Mr. Smith has been in China Field Museum.) the palo de vaca, as it making preparations, and organizing a per- Karl P. Schmidt, Assistant Curator of Reptiles, Field Museum: leader of the scientific section of is called in Spanish, sonnel of native hunters, trappers, photog- the Cornelius Crane Pacific Expedition for Field except as firewood, but raphers, taxidermists and other assistants. Museum, 1928-29 that when the trunk is In addition to hunting the takin, the January 25—Explorations in Plant and tapped, there oozes expedition will make a systematic survey of Animal Life from it a liquid resem- several years' duration in a number of Dr. Arthur C. Pillsbury, of Berkeley, California bling skimmed milk. provinces of southern China, some of which The lectures will be given in the James This was found to taste have never before been thoroughly covered Simpson Theatre of the Museum, and will like cow's milk. by scientific collectors, and others of which begin promptly at 3 p.m. Each Member of Various other Amer- have been barely touched by zoologists. A the Museum is entitled to two seats for each ican trees of the same comprehensive collection of the mammals, lecture, to obtain which he should show his family yield a similar birds, reptiles and fishes of the region will membership card to an attendant at the product. Brosimum be sought, probably running into thousands theatre on the afternoon of the lecture. utile, a so-called cow of specimens. Additional specimens of the Upon presentation of the card Members will tree that ranges from giant panda will be hunted. be given two tickets of admission to the Venezuela to Costa reserved section of the theatre. Seats in the Rica, greatly interested A MAMMOTH BERYL CRYSTAL reserved section which have not been claimed the famous 3 p.m. will be offered to the explorer Through the generosity of Trustee William by public. who ob- Humboldt, J. Chalmers, a mammoth crystal of beryl served its use among has been added to the collection in RAYMOND FOUNDATION the native crystal people Field Museum, to which Mr. Chalmers has PROGRAMS of Venezuela. He so liberally contributed for many years. Three special entertainments for children, a classic but published This crystal has the form of a somewhat the James Nelson and Anna somewhat ex- provided by perhaps flattened, tapering, hexagonal prism, three Louise Foundation for Public account of Raymond aggerated feet two inches long, and of a diameter School and Children's Lectures, will be given the tree and of the man- narrowing from two feet at the base to at Field Museum in January and February. ner in which its milk- ) nineteen inches at the top. Its weight is Each of the programs will be presented like latex was collected approximately 1,000 pounds. It was dis- twice—at 10 a.m. and 11 A.M.—in the James for use as human food. covered in a quarry at Albany, Maine. Simpson Theatre of the Museum. Following During the past Cow Tree (Hall 27) Associated with the beryl in the quarry are the dates and subjects: three years much pub- scales of white or dark mica and are nests or Saturday, January 24—"The Black Jour- licity has been given to a Central American rose In beautiful masses of quartz. general — of across tree of another but with the same ney" motion pictures a trip group the is light apple green in color, and Stand- beryl Central Africa. properties. It is Couma guatemalensis more or less to Both milky opaque. beryl Saturday, January 31—"A Dog-sled Trip ley, a member of the Apocynaceae, the family and rose somewhat in color quartz deepen in Canada," "The Ojibwa Build a Birch- of plants to which belong the common dog- in the with increasing humidity atmosphere, bark and "Gathering the Wild banes, periwinkles, and other familiar plants. work- Canoe," and by observing these changes quarry Rice"—motion and The Guatemalan cow tree is known from only pictures story-hour. men say they can foretell weather changes. 12 a few localities on the north coast. The Thursday, February (Lincoln's Birthday} As an illustration of "Abe's First Law present writer found it eight years ago in --"My Father," Case," the size to which and "The Call to Arms"—motion at Puerto Barrios, but since the pictures swamps crystals may grow, the obtainable were of episodes in the life of Abraham Lincoln. specimens incomplete, they specimen is a striking were not determined until five all of are years later, one. The prismatic Children from parts Chicago when Professor Record procured flowers. angles are a true invited to attend these entertainments. A fine trunk of the Guatemalan cow tree, Admission is free. 60°, the typical pris- the United Fruit is presented by Company, matic angle of crystals the now on exhibition in Hall 27 of Museum. formed in the hexago- The trunk shows the cuts made CHANCELLOR-STUART EXPEDITION diagonal nal system. This shows when the bark is slashed to obtain the milk. FROM AITUTAKI that the shaping is by RETURNS Several kinds of cow trees grow in Central no means accidental. Bringing some 400 specimens of beautiful in Panama and Costa America, especially Beryl is a compara- fishes of the Pacific, the Chancellor-Stuart- but little use is made of them. Nau- Rica, tively rare mineral, Field Museum Expedition to Aitutaki has the one most cleopsis naga, recently reported, chiefly known in its returned to this country. In addition to the furnishes a that is useful to the product gem forms of emerald ichthyological collections, the expedition native In Honduras this tree is people. and aquamarine. It is made some 14,000 feet of motion picture film called concha de "Indian and indio, bark," becoming of economic Huge Beryl Crystal illustrating various phases of the life of the it is claimed uncivilized Indians that the importance as the chief natives in Aitutaki, as well as undersea beat the fibrous inner bark into a sort of source of metallic beryllium. Beryllium is scenes taken with a diving bell and a special coarse cloth that use for Such they clothing. one of the lightest of metals, much lighter camera. cloth still is some of the wilder made by than aluminum, and is therefore useful in The expedition was sponsored and led by Indians in eastern from the bark of Panama airplane construction and in other ways. Philip M. Chancellor of Santa Barbara, trees of the mulberry family. Also it is as hard as steel and does not cor- California. rode on exposure to the air. The develop- Aitutaki is one of the most remote and TO SEEK SPECIMENS ment of a commercial demand for the metal least known islands of the Pacific Ocean. IXPEDITION Few white men have ever visited and the OF TAKIN may bring to light adequate supplies of it, raw material, so that within a short time natives are a people whose life is entirely Operations have been begun in southern instead of commercial beryl being a by- unmodified by civilization. The island is China by a Field Museum expedition, spon- product of gem mining, as in the past, the surrounded by coral reefs, and the fish col- sored by Marshall Field, the immediate gems, emerald and aquamarine, may become lected by the expedition were obtained object of which is to obtain specimens of the by-products of metal-mining. —O. C. F. chiefly from the waters over these reefs. Page U FIELD MUSEUM NEWS January, 1931

HISTORY OF FIELD MUSEUM Lectures, enables free motion picture and JANUARY GUIDE-LECTURE TOURS other educational entertainments to be given By Oliver C. Farbington Following is the schedule of conducted to children of the public schools and others, Curator, Department of Geology tours of the exhibits during January: J& . and provides for extension lectures on natural (.Continued from last month) 1 : New Year's —no history subjects in the public schools. Sub- Thursday, January Holiday toura^^J Field enabled Friday: 11 A.M., Egypt, 3 P.M., North Americao^*^ Funds provided by Marshall sequent contributions made by Mrs. Ray- Mammals. a two years' sojourn (1926-27) to be made have added to the benefits mond yielded. Week beginning January 5—Monday: 11 a.m., South in Assistant Curator Ralph 3 Sea 11 Madagascar by In 1925 a contribution of $100,000 was America, P.M., Animals; Tuesday: a.m.. The Linton, of the Department of Anthropology. Giant Komodo and Other Lizards, 3 P.M., Eskimo Life; made to the Museum by Miss Kate Buck- 11 Game 3 Through the work of this expedition large Wednesday: a.m., Animals, P.M., Pewter, ingham in memory of her brother, the late Bronze and Cloisonne: Thursday: 11 a.m. and 3 p.m., collections illustrative of the cultures of the General 11 Birds of Streams and Clarence Buckingham. In recognition of Tours; Friday: a.m.. various races on the island were made. Shores, 3 P.M., Primitive Musical Instruments. this contribution, the hall of physical geology and eth- Week 12— 11 a.m., Another important archaeological Clarence beginning January Monday: was named Buckingham Hall. Skeletons, 3 P.M., Illinois Industries; 11 nological expedition, for which funds were Tuesday: A.M., be concluded next Homes in Various Lands, 3 P.M., Plants of Economic carried (To month) contributed by Marshall Field, was Value; Wednesday: 11 A.M., Baskets and Mats, 3 P.M., on by Assistant Curator J. Eric Thompson The Panda and Its Relatives; Thursday: 11 a.m. and 3 in British Honduras and Guatemala during p.m., General Tours; Friday: 11 a.m., Chicago Animal Life, 3 P.M., Primitive Costume Decorations. successive seasons, beginning in 1927. Ancient CARVED RHINOCEROS HORN Week beginning January 19—Monday: 11 a.m.. Maya ruins were studied and mapped, and FROM CHINA Amber, Copal and Lacquer, 3 P.M., China; Tuesday: dated stelae and altars were discovered. By Berthold Laufer 11 A.M., Asiatic Animals, 3 P.M., Mummies; Wednesday: The carried on the 1 1 A.M.. Metal Workers, 3 P.M., Implements of Warfare; joint expedition by Curator, Department of Anthropology 11 A.M. and 3 General Oxford Uni- Thursday: p.m., Tours; Friday: Museum in conjunction with 1 1 a.m., Man Through the Ages, 3 p.m., Dinosaurs and A carved rhinoceros horn was re- versity during 1923 was continued each year unique Other Reptiles. Field Museum from a during the period under consideration. This cently acquired by Week beginning January 26—Monday: 11 a.m., fund donated the 3 Roman 11 A.M.. Pre- devoted itself chiefly to studies annually by American Rodents, P.M., Life; Tuesday: expedition historic Animals, 3 p.m., Laces and Embroideries; the first Friends of China, Chicago. It is intact in and excavations of ancient Kish, Wednesday: 11 A.M., Fire-making and Cooking Utensils, its natural and is carved all around capital city of the earliest known civilization shape, 3 p.m., Chinese Art; Thursday: 11 A.M. and 3 P.M., General 11 of western Asia. Extensive excavations with a group of animals along its base. Tours; Friday: a.m., North American Indians, 3 P.M., African Animals. carried on there revealed many important facts regarding Sumerian and successive Persons wishing to participate should cultures. A temple of Nebuchadnezzar was apply at North Entrance. Tours are free brought to light, as well as many structures and no gratuities are to be proffered. A new of earlier periods. A great amount of pot- schedule will appear each month in Field tery, sculptures, seals, jewelry and human MUSEUM News. Guide-lecturers' services skeletons was obtained from the excavations for special tours by parties of ten or more at levels noted in such a way that the cultures are available free of charge by arrangement of different periods could be determined and with the Director a week in advance. compared. One of the most interesting dis- coveries was that of the remains of two NEW MEMBERS which indicated this means wooden chariots The following persons were elected to in use as as 3200 B.C. of transport was early membership in Field Museum during the share in this work Funds for the Museum's period from November 17 to December were contributed Marshall Field. by Associate Members Two expeditions during the period were 'P Mrs. John Crerar, J. F. Dammann, H. led Assistant Curator Field. One Clyde by Henry DeAcres. Miss Elizabeth Dimick, William H. Ferguson, was an archaeological expedition to western Miss Elizabeth Fowler, J. B. Green, Mrs. Phelps B. Europe by which important sites occupied Hoyt, Edward T. Kelly, W. J. Lawrence, Mrs. W. S. McCrea, G. Naber, R. E. Park, W. Otis were visited and collec- Henry Sage, by prehistoric man James M. Sheldon, Charles E. Thompson, Walter F. tions obtained. The other expedition led Wallace, Dr. Lucius H. Zeuch. Assistant Curator Field the by explored Sustaining Members North Arabian Desert and found flint imple- Mrs. Robert Slade ments at various which indicated the points Annual Members existence in the region of earlier man in a W. E. Babb, Mrs. George G. Bogert, Mrs. John paleolithic phase of culture. Buckingham, William C. Buttner, Guiseppe Castruccio, An expedition which circumnavigated the T. A. Copeland, Ruthven Deane, Mrs. Herbert G. P. Pacific Ocean and collected land and marine Deans, Mrs. R. H. Elliott, Mrs. Walter M. Gibbs, Mrs. Carroll L. Miss R. Mrs. animals for the Museum was and Griffith, Carolyn Hazard, sponsored Junius C. Hoag, Rev. Richard D. Hughes, Lawrence led by Cornelius Crane on his yacht, Illyria. B. Icely, Dr. R. L. James, Louis M. Lach, Mrs. Berthold Miss Elma V. Mrs. H. Karl P. Schmidt, Assistant Curator of Rep- Unique Carving Laufer, Lawrence, George Lesman, Mrs. Frank Marling, Jr., Miss Kathleen tiles at the was leader of the Museum, Rhinoceros horn with figures of seventeen animals Meacham, Mrs. Edmund T. Miller, Miss Catherine scientific staff of the expedition. Other in high relief. Note portrayal of giraffe near center. M. Murphy, George Penrose, Mrs. John A. Prosser, relic in China members were Dr. Albert W. Herre, Dr. A of the Ming dynasty (fifteenth century). Charles F. Putnam, Mrs. N. Ribback, Mrs. W. W. Mrs. F. B. Miss Florence E. L. A. Frank Rice, Rupert, Scully, W. Moss, Walter Weber, C. H. W. F. A. Miss Dorothea E. The horn to the Indian Seymour, Sloan, Vent, Wonder, Sidney N. Shurcliff, Murry Fair- belongs large John H. Victor, Verrutn S. Watson, Mrs. Donald P. bank and Charles R. Peavy. About 18,000 species and stands eight inches high. From Welles, Miss Frances E. Whedon, Harold G. Wieland, mediaeval times until a trade Lucian E. Williams, Mrs. Robert E. Wilson. zoological specimens were collected. recently lively in rhinoceros horns was carried on from During the spring and summer of 1929, the and Annam to Field Museum-Williamson Undersea Expe- India, Sumatra, Java, Siam, MEMBERSHIP IN FIELD MUSEUM where were welcome material dition carried on operations in the Bahamas. China, they Field Museum has several classes of Members. to carvers. In carving a row of seventeen Benefactors or devise $100,000 or more. Contribu- This expedition was provided with special give in relief tors give or devise $5,000 to $100,000. Life Members both for and animals high upon the horn in equipment collecting observing give $500; Non- Resident (Life) and Associate Members question, the artist skillfully adapted his undersea life, and secured a remarkable and pay $100; Non-Resident Associate Members pay $50. to the natural formations of the extensive collection of marine fauna. One subject All the above classes are exempt from dues. Sustaining material, and portrayed exotic animals like Members contribute $25 annually. After six years they palmate coral obtained weighed about two become Associat-e Members. Annual Members con- the rhino itself and a giraffe, live tons and measured nearly eleven by six feet. many tribute $10 annually. Other memberships are Corpo- of which were from and J. E. Williamson led this expedition. Taxi- specimens imported rate, Honorary, Patron, Corresponding, additions East Africa to China in the fifteenth century. under these classifications being made by special action dermist Leon L. Pray accompanied it. of the Board of Trustees. This carving is a production of the same Turning to activities more locally con- Each Member, in all classes, is entitled to free admission to the Museum for his nected with the Museum the period (Ming dynasty). himself, family and during period house guests, and to two reserved seats for the 1925 was Rhinoceros horn is not a bony substance, Museum, under consideration, year lectures provided for Members. Subscription to Fiej but an formation of a is included with all signalized by the gift from Mrs. Anna Louise epidermal composed Museum News memberships. TT courtesies of museum of note in the Uniti of an endowment of in solid mass of agglutinated hairs or bristles. every Raymond $500,000 States and Canada are extended to all Members ol memory of her husband, the late James It was an ancient Chinese belief that the Field Museum. A Member may give his personal card Nelson Raymond. This endowment, the rhinoceros devoured with its food all sorts of to non-residents of Chicago, upon presentation of which they will be admitted to the Museum without James Nelson and Anna Louise and that its horn was Raymond vegetable poisons charge. Further information about memberships will Foundation for Public School and Children's capable of neutralizing poison. be sent on request.

PRINTED BV FIELD MUSEUM PRESS Field Museum News Published Monthly by Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago

Vol. 2 FEBRUARY, 1931 No. 2

PACIFIC WALRUS GROUP, FROM THORNE GRAVES EXPEDITION, IS INSTALLED

By Wilfred H. Osgood have it completed and opened to the public enjoying a resting place on the hard, rough, Curator, Department of Zoology in record time. Arctic ice. A bleak icy sea stretches behind The Pacific walrus is much larger than them over which gleams the cold glare of a As the result of the Thome- principal the Atlantic species and is especially dis- midnight sun cleverly devised to connect Field Graves Arctic Expedition of Museum tinguished by having very long tusks. Like with the painted background of ice and snow. (1929), a large imposing group of Pacific the polar bear, it spends its life among The whole effect is one of striking interest walrus has been added to the Hall of Marine Arctic ice floes and, although it has been and the group stands as one of exceptional Mammals (Hall N). The animals for this much hunted for its ivory, it is still to be individuality. group were personally collected and pre- found in considerable numbers by hardy The taxidermy of the animals in the group sented by Bruce Thorne of Chicago and voyagers who cruise to the northernmost was done by Jonas Brothers of Yonkers, George Coe Graves II of New York, whose limits of navigation. New York, one of whom, John Jonas,

Group of Pacific Walrus (Hall N)—Thorne-Graves-Field Museum Arctic Expedition expedition was especially organized for this Seven animals are included in the group, accompanied the expedition and prepared the purpose. Field Museum is also indebted to one large bull, two younger males, two skins. Installation was carried out by Staff them and to Henry Graves, Jr., for a sub- adult females, and two partly grown young. Taxidermist C. J. Albrecht, and the back- stantial contribution toward the cost of pre- The ponderous beasts are shown huddled ground and light effects are by Charles A. paring the group which made it possible to together in characteristic manner, lazily Corwin.

EXPEDITION WILL EXPLORE When this work has been completed, the RARE GEMS ARE PRESENTED LANDS OF THE MAYAS expedition will transfer its activities to the BY R. T. CRANE, JR. southeast Peten district of Guatemala, where The Third Marshall Field Two and valuable Archaeological reconnaissance work will be carried on magnificent highly gem Expedition to British Honduras and Guate- specimens, one of them pronounced ex- through an uninhabited and almost impene- by mala to conduct excavations on ancient perts the largest and finest of its kind in the trable forest region in search of the sites Maya sites and ethnological research world, have been presented to the Museum among of ancient Maya cities known to exist but the modern Mayas, will sail from New Orleans by R. T. Crane, Jr. hitherto never definitely located. Work here on February 20. J. Eric Thompson, Assistant The stone which has no equal of its kind is will be entirely on foot, as the trails are too Curator of Central and South American of the rare variety of topaz known variously poor to take mules. The assistance of natives Archaeology, is leader. He led the two previ- as "rose topaz," "royal topaz," and "Bra- living on the edge of the forest, who are ous expeditions in 1928-29 and 1929-30. zilian ruby." It is of deep table cut, one and believed to have knowledge of the ruins, will The present expedition has a wider scope one-quarter inches long and seven-eighths be solicited. It is hoped that a number of of operations than the previous two, and of an inch wide, and weighs 97.55 carats. old monuments bearing dates in Maya hiero- will remain in the field probably for a period The other is a superb specimen of black glyphics will be found on the surface in the of six or seven months. opal in the form of a plaque about two and locality of the buried ruins. After landing at Belize the expedition will one-half inches long and two inches wide, Finally the expedition will pitch camp in proceed by boat up the coast to the mouth and weighs 148.43 carats. the highlands of Guatemala to conduct ethno- of the New River, and thence inland on the These gems have been added to the ex- logical work among modern Maya tribes. river to the head of navigation. Thence by hibits in H. N. Higinbotham Hall. mule pack train and on foot the journey will The topaz is a rich red in color, and is New Exhibit of Birds continue to the site of the ancient city of perfectly transparent. Topaz of this color Kax Uinic (Maya name meaning "Man of Exhibits of North American birds at Field is found chiefly in Brazil, and its occurrence the Woods"), which is situated on thefrontier Museum have been augmented by a new in any large and transparent form is extremely between British Honduras and Guatemala. case containing 145 specimens of a great rare. There, with a party of Maya diggers, certain variety of species. They were collected The large black opal plaque has a surface ruins will be excavated which promise to chiefly by Taxidermist Ashley Hine, some stippled all over with minute brilliant colors yield a rich collection of Maya antiquities during a recent expedition to Arizona, and which change uniformly to other tints as for the Museum. some in Illinois. the stone is seen from different angles. Page 2 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS February, 1931

Field Museum of Natural History tion's benefits were extended to approxi- children, were conducted on lecture tours of school children the the exhibition halls of four Founded by Marshall Field, 1893 mately 716,000 through the Museum; extra-mural activities conducted by the De- talks were given in the Museum's small Roosevelt Road and Lake Michigan, Chicago partment of the N. W. Harris Public School lecture hall with an attendance of 532; and and the James Nelson and Anna children attended extension lectures THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES Extension, 209,777 Louise Raymond Foundation for Public in schools and camps. Borden William H. Mitchell John School and Children's Lectures. in- William J. Chalmers Frederick H. Rawson Thus, For adults, twenty-seven lectures on R. T. Crane, Jr. George A. Richardson cluding both inside and outside work, the science and travel by noted naturalists and Marshall Field Martin A. Ryerson educational effects of the Museum reached were in the Theatre Stanley Field Fred W. Sargent explorers given Simpson more than of Ernest R. Graham Stephen C Simms 2,048,000 individuals, whom during 1930, with a total attendance of Albert W. Harris James Simpson approximately 1,160,000 were children. 27,603. In addition, there were twelve talks Samuel Insull, Jr. Solomon A. Smith Additional thousands were reached through in the small lecture hall attended 744 William V. Kelley Albert A. S Prague by the leaflets issued the Cykus H. McCormick Silas H. Str awn publications and by persons, and 528 groups of adults, totalling William Wrigley, Jr. Museum, while millions more read inter- 8,684 persons, were conducted on lecture circulated of the tours of the Museum's exhibits. OFFICERS nationally press reports results of scientific research conducted by Field The Library of the Museum, in addition Stanley President the and heard radio lectures Martin A. Ryerson First Vice-President institution, to its constant service as a source of informa- Albert A. Spragub Second Vice-President about the Museum and its activities. tion to the scientific staff in carrying on Jambs Simpson Third Vice-President its in 1912 an research work, labels for Stephen C. Simms Director and Secretary Ever since foundation with preparing exhibits, also served some 700 visitors from out- Solomon A. Smith. . .Treasurer and Assistant Secretary endowment of $250,000 presented by the etc., late Norman W. Harris, the Harris Extension side during 1930. These were largely students from universities in and about FIELD MUSEUM NEWS has yielded splendid results, with a constant Chicago. increase in its effectiveness as a means of Others who used the Library's facilities were Stephen C. Simms, Director of the Museum Editor visual education. To its founder, and also authors, editors, manufacturers' representa- CONTRIBUTING EDITORS to Albert W. Harris who increased the tives seeking data, teachers, persons engaged endowment with a gift of an additional in scientific work, and others needing infor- Berthold Laufer Curator of Anthropology mation on within the of B. E. Dahlgrbn Acting Curator of Botany $100,000 in 1924, and other members of the subjects scope the O. C. Farrington Curator of Geology Harris family who have contributed $25,000, 92,500 books and pamphlets available here. Wilfred H. Osgood Curator Zoology of Chicago owes much gratitude for this remark- The collections of study material in the H. B. Harte Managing Editor ably successful adjunct to its school system. various departments of the Museum, main- During 1930, as in other years, practi- tained for the convenience of students and Field Museum is of the open every day year during child in the other were also used the hours indicated below: cally every Chicago public researchers, by many schools, and thousands in private and persons. November, December, January 9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. many schools and other institutions as February, March, April, October 9 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. parochial May, June, July, August, September 9 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. well, was reached repeatedly (once every two Marshall Field Visits Museum the school the travel- Admission is free to Members on all days. Other weeks during year) by Marshall Field, of New York, a member adults are admitted free on Thursdays, Saturdays and ing exhibition cases circulated by the Harris of Field Museum's Board of Trustees and Sundays; non-members pay 25 cents on other days. Extension. The total number reached by one of the Children are admitted free on all days. Students and institution's principal benefactors, this service was well in excess of half a faculty members of educational institutions are admit- million, and Mrs. Field, during a visit to Chicago last ted free any day upon presentation of credentials. as enrollment in the public schools alone month, spent an afternoon at the Museum The of the some cumulative Library Museum, containing 92,000 included 506,845 pupils. The in company with President Stanley Field. volumes on natural history subjects, is open for refer- educational effect of presenting new subjects new exhibits installed ence daily except Sunday. They inspected many in natural history and economic exhibits since Field's Traveling exhibits are circulated in the schools of Mr. last visit to the Museum. Chicago by the Museum's Department of the N. W. every fortnight to this vast number of Harris Public School Extension. children can be imagined. During readily Buses at West Door Lecturers for school classrooms and assemblies, and 1930 there were 430 institutions served by Stop entertainments and lecture tours for children at special the Harris Extension, an increase of twenty- During the winter months the No. 26 the Museum, are provided by the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation for Public School two over 1929. Of these, 381 are public (Jackson Boulevard) buses of the Chicago and Children's Lectures. schools; thirty private or church schools; Motor Coach Company, operating service Announcements of courses of free illustrated lectures eight Y. M. C. A's; six branch libraries; two to Field Museum, will stop at the west on science and travel for the and lectures public, special clubs; two settlements, and one orphan- entrance of the building as well as the north for Members of the Museum, will appear in Field boys' Museum News. age. The number of Harris exhibition cases entrance, for the accommodation of pas- There is a cafeteria in the Museum where luncheon available increased from 1,123 to 1,176 in sengers bound for this destination. la served for visitors. Other rooms are provided for 1930. those bringing their lunches. The 1930 again the great Members are requested to inform the Museum year emphasized Gifts to the Museum promptly of changes of address. debt the city owes to Mrs. Anna Louise is a list of some of Raymond who, by her establishment in 1925 Following the principal of the James Nelson and Anna Louise gifts received during the last month: MUSEUM ACTIVITIES BENEFIT Raymond Foundation, with an endowment From Richard T. Crane, Jr. —a cut ruby topaz, 97.55 and a black 148.43 2,000,000 DURING 1930 of $500,000, made possible the development carats, polished opal, carats; from A. C. Jones—a of fossil brachio- educational work for the specimen group That Field Museum is successfully ful- of another great pods; from Dillman S. Bullock—a ground dove; from school carried on the General House—8 of filling its mission, not only as a place of children, through Biological Supply specimens lizards and from immense interest for casual but also Museum. Since its establishment the Foun- snakes, frogs, salamanders; Henry visitors, Field —2 bats and a shellfish; from Viscount Furness increased its activities at an as an active and important educational dation has —2 Scotch red deer. institution of tremendous scope and influence, extraordinary pace, and additional gifts up is indicated by statistics on the work carried to the end of 1930 totalling $27,000 have on in 1930. generously been made by Mrs. Raymond BEQUESTS AND ENDOWMENTS from time to time to aid further its progress. During the year the number of visitors to Bequests to Field Museum of Natural History may the Museum was 1,332,799, an increase of In 1930 the activities of the Foundation be made in securities, money, books or collections. if take the form of a memorial to 164,369 or more than 14 per cent over 1929, reached 277,245 children. Of this number, They may, desired, a person or cause named by the giver. For those desiring of attended lectures in their own schools which had the largest attendance any 209,777 to make bequests, the following form is suggested: The 1930 record or other gathering places outside the previous year (1,168,430). FORM OF also made the fourth consecutive year in Museum, and therefore are not included in BEQUEST which the one million mark was passed. Of the general attendance figure of 1,332,799, / do hereby give and bequeath to Field Museum of the visitors it seems safe to estimate that but constitute one of the principal additional Natural History of the City of Chicago, State of Illinois, fully one-third were children. It is of interest items in arriving at the figure of 2,048,000 to note that of the total number of visitors, as the total number of persons coming only 160,924 paid admission. Free admis- directly within the Museum's sphere of in- Cash contributions made within the taxable year to sions on children, fluence. The detailed statistics of the Foun- pay days (Members, Field Museum not exceeding 15 per cent of the tax- for 1930 show the facts: teachers, students, etc.) numbered 92,508, dation following payer's net income are allowable as deductions in com- while the attendance on free days (Thurs- twenty-nine entertainments (educational puting net income under Article 251 of Regulation 69 to income tax under the Revenue Act of 1926. days, Saturdays and Sundays) totalled motion picture programs, story-hours, etc.) relating Endowments be made to the Museum with the were given in the James Simpson Theatre of may 1,079,367. that an be to the for life. with a total attendance of provision annuity paid patron In addition to the number of persons the Museum These annuities are tax-free and are guaranteed against actually coming to the Museum, the institu- 39,793 children; 608 groups, totalling 27,143 fluctuation in amount. February, 19S1 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS PageS

CHILDREN'S ENTERTAINMENTS Philip M. Chancellor of Santa Barbara, C. SUYDAM CUTTING RETURNS —RAYMOND FOUNDATION Calif., was elected a Patron of the Museum, FROM SIKKIM EXPEDITION an honor conferred in recognition of eminent A entertainment for children, pro- special service to the Museum. C. Suydam Cutting has returned to his vided the James Nelson and Anna Louise by home in New York from his recent zoological Foundation for Public School and Mr. Vernay financed and personally led Raymond expedition to Sikkim in India, and along Children's Lectures, will be in the the Vernay-Lang Kalahari Expedition for given the northern border of Tibet, conducted on James Theatre of the Museum on Field Museum last year. This expedition Simpson behalf of Field Museum. This expedition, 12. brought the Museum a vast zoological collec- Lincoln's Birthday, Thursday, February organized and wholly financed by Mr. Motion of in the life of tion including several thousand specimens of pictures episodes Cutting, was the fifth Museum expedition Abraham Lincoln will be includ- African mammals, birds, fishes and inverte- presented, in which he has participated. He was accom- the films: Father," "Abe's brates. In addition, Mr. Vernay obtained ing following "My panied by Herbert Stevens, well-known col- First Law and "The Call to Arms." important botanical and ethnological collec- Case," lector from Tring, England, who has remained Foundation announces also tions which he presented to the Museum. The Raymond in the field to continue the work of the its annual series of ten children's enter- Mrs. E. Marshall Field has manifested a spring expedition. Mr. Cutting devoted himself tainments on which will continued and interest in science, Saturday mornings, long deep largely to hunting big game and to photog- this month. The first of this and has in scientific begin program actively participated raphy, while Mr. Stevens' work is for the series will be on 2 1 and will be work in the interest of the Museum. Several February , partly most part concentrated on the collection of devoted to celebration of George Washing- years she was a member of a Field ago smaller mammals, birds and reptiles. ton's birthday. The films are "Washington Museum expedition which made large col- Becomes President," "Alexander Hamilton," lections of botanical, geological and zoological Both as an active member, and as a con- "Washing the Elephants," and "Sir Stickle- material over a wide range of territory in tributor of funds and equipment, Mr. back, the Hedgehog." South America. The work of Mrs. Field Cutting participated in the James Simpson- On February 28 the films will be "Beautiful contributed much to the success of this Roosevelts Asiatic Expedition (1925-26); the Winter," "The Falls of Iguassu," "Insect expedition. Field Museum-Chicago Daily News Abys- sinian an Farmers and Laborers," "Plant and Animal Mr. Chancellor has financed and led two Expedition (1926-27); expedition and World to Assam which he personally conducted in Death-traps," "A Unseen." Museum expeditions, the Chancellor-Stuart There will be two of each 1928; and the William V. Kelley-Roosevelts showings (in- Expedition to the South Pacific (1929-30), — A.M. Expedition to Eastern Asia cluding that of February 12) one at 10 and the Chancellor-Stuart Expedition to (1928-29). one at 11. Admission is free. and Aitutaki (1930). Both of these expeditions Mr. Cutting's interest in the Museum has Announcement of the other eight pro- brought the Museum valuable zoological been demonstrated also in other ways. After of the series will in grams spring appear collections. Outstanding specimens include the return of the Daily News Abyssinian issues of Field Museum News. subsequent giant dragon lizards of Komodo, one of Expedition, Mr. Cutting purchased and pre- which is now on exhibition in Albert W. CONFERRED sented to the Museum the remarkable collec- MUSEUM HONORS Harris Hall (Hall 18), and reticulated pythons tion of bird paintings made on that expedition At a recent meeting of the Board of of Borneo (the world's largest species of by the late Louis Agassiz Fuertes. Last Trustees of Field Museum, Arthur S. Vernay, snake) which are now being prepared for year he financed the publication by the of New York and London, and Mrs. E. exhibition. Museum of a portfolio of fine reproductions Marshall Field, of New York, were elected in colors of these paintings. He has pre- Honorary Members of the Museum. This Practically all important plants of Illinois, sented the Museum with a number of highly is a distinction which, under the by-laws of and more than 600,000 specimens of plants valued motion picture films made on various the Museum, is conferred upon those persons from all parts of the world, are contained in expeditions. He is an Honorary Member, a who have rendered eminent service to science. the herbaria of Field Museum. Patron, and a Corporate Member.

EXHIBIT OF THE DRAGON LIZARD OF KOMODO—CHANCELLOR-STUART EXPEDITION ' By Karl P. Schmidt of until 1926, when the Douglas Burden "natur-monument" after the example of the Assistant Curator of Reptiles Expedition to Komodo Island collected a national monuments of the United States. Half legendary tales of gigantic lizards sufficient series of specimens to prove that The Komodo lizard feeds on small game current among the Malays in the East Indies ten feet is about the maximum length of all kinds and is undoubtedly able to pull were discounted by travelers as variants of which the species in question attains. Even down half-grown wild pigs and deer. This

Giant Lizard of Komodo (Hall 18)—Chancellor-Stuart Expedition to the South Pacific

the Chinese dragon stories until the giant this leaves the "dragon lizard of Komodo" diet is supplemented by carrion from larger lizard of Komodo Island was described in much the largest of living lizards, for it is animals. 1912. The was named Varanus species relatively short-tailed and powerfully built Field Museum is fortunate in having komodoensis Dr. P. A. Director in limbs and by Ouwens, body. specimens of the "dragon lizard," which it of the Gardens in from a Buitenzorg Java, The distribution of this remarkable lizard owes to the Chancellor-Stuart Expedition series of five the of which specimens, largest is curiously restricted for it is found only of 1929, led by Philip M. Chancellor. measured ten nearly feet in length. on Komodo and the adjacent end of the The reproduction now on exhibition in As as this creature long remained known larger island of Flores in the Lesser Sunda Albert W. Harris Hall (Hall 18), made by- from only a few specimens, the stories of chain, east of Java. Fearing the extinction Leon L. Walters of Field Museum's taxi- its size and ferocity continued to grow. of so remarkable a form, the government of dermy staff, by his remarkable cellulose- ideas of Exaggerated a lizard twenty-five the Dutch East Indies now protects the acetate process, exhibits the varied coloring to thirty feet in length were not disposed species and has made Komodo Island a of the living animal. Page k FIELD MUSEUM NEWS February, 1931

HISTORY OF FIELD MUSEUM of the Museum, died. The present Director, FEBRUARY GUIDE-LECTURE TOURS Fakbington C. was to fill the By Oliver C. Stephen Simms, appointed Following is the schedule of conducted Curator, Department of Geology vacancy. tours of the exhibits during February: Through the generosity of Trustee Ernest (Concluding installment) Week 2 — 11 R. Graham, means were provided in 1926 beginning February Monday: a.m., Prehistoric Animals, 3 p.m., Makers of The amount of attention devoted to series Totem-poles; great for an elaborate of murals showing Tuesday: 11 a.m., Mexican Archaeology, 3 p.m., African con- expeditions during the period under restorations of various animals and plants Animals; Wednesday: 11 A.M., China, 3 P.M., Systematic Mammals; 11 a.m. and 3 P.M., General sideration, 1925-29, did not lessen activities of successive geological periods. The prepara- Thursday: Tours; 11 A.M., Hall of Plant Life, 3 P.M., within the itself. On the Friday: Museum contrary, tion of these paintings was intrusted to South Sea Exhibits. these activities were increased. The greatly Charles R. Knight of New York City, and Week beginning February 9—Monday: 11 a.m., of material from large receipts expeditions up to 1930 about two-thirds of them had Fishes, Past and Present, 3 P.M., Looms and Weaving; 11 Marine 3 Primitive Cos- called for redoubling of efforts on the part been completed and placed upon the walls Tuesday: A.M., Life, P.M., tumes; Wednesday: 11 a.m., Egypt, 3 P.M., Reptiles; of the taxidermists and preparators, and for of Ernest R. Graham Hall. Restorations Thursday: 11 A.M. and 3 P.M., General Tours; Friday: for exhibition additional space purposes. in three dimensions, of typical plants and 11 A.M., Musical Instruments, 3 P.M., Birds of Gay The needed was obtained Plumage. space chiefly by animals of past geological times, were also — the utilization, for the first time for exhibition this Part of Week beginning February 16 Monday: 11 A.M., inaugurated during period. Farmer 3 Roman of of the floor of Indians, P.M., Archaeology; Tuesday: purposes, portions ground this work was placed in the hands of the 11 A.M., Gems and Jewelry, 3 p.m., Eskimo Life; the Museum building. sculptor Frederick Blaschke, of Cold Spring- Wednesday: 11 A.M., Fur-bearers, 3 p.m., Early Man; Thursday: 11 A.M. and 3 P.M., General Tours; Friday: The two large Mastaba tombs from Egypt, on-Hudson, New York, for execution, and 11 A.M., Palms and Cereals, 3 P.M., Mummies. which had been received in 1909, were the part was undertaken by the Stanley Field Week beginning February 23 —Monday: 11 A.M., first objects to be installed on this floor. Plant Reproduction Laboratories of the Native Philippine Life, 3 P.M., Lizards and Other These were installed in such a manner as to Museum under the direction of Acting Cura- Reptiles; Tuesday: 11 a.m., Indian Art, 3 P.M., Habitat Groups; Wednesday: 11 A.M., Asiatic Animals, 3 P.M., protect them from injurious climatic influ- tor B. E. Dahlgren. The first group under- South America; Thursday: 11 A.M. and 3 P.M., General ences. Following these, the whole collection taken by Mr. Blaschke and the only one Tours; Friday: 11 A.M., Economic Minerals, 3 P.M., of Egyptian antiquities was moved to the completed before 1930 represented the place Pottery Makers. same hall From time to time of Man in a life-size (Hall J). geological sequence by Persons wishing to participate should other units of the exhibits of a of Neanderthal man shown anthropological group family apply at North Entrance. Tours are free which had been shown on the main floor a cave or rock shelter which was a occupying and no gratuities are to be proffered. A new were transferred to the floor. These of one in France known to have been ground replica schedule will appear each month in Field inhabited men of this changes included transfer of the Philippine by type. MUSEUM News. Guide-lecturers' services and African collections and of the collections New groups of mammals placed on ex- for special tours by parties of ten or more the of the of hibition the 1929 were the illustrating ethnology peoples during year are available free of charge by arrangement Indian rhinoceros and Alaskan bear. Recon- the South Seas. Among the latter exhibits with the Director a week in advance. it was possible for the first time to install structed groups of the polar bear, bison and the great Maori council house which had musk-ox were also installed. Subsequent been in the possession of the Museum for history beyond this point has already been NEW MEMBERS recorded in successive issues of Field many years. The were elected to Museum News. following persons From materials collected by later expedi- membership in Field Museum during the Looking back over the outline which has tions important group exhibits were prepared period from December 17 to January 16: in the several Departments and were added been given, it is evident that continued and have character- Life Members to the exhibit halls as fast as they were made expansion development ized the of the institution as a whole. Harold J. Coolidge, Jr. (Non-Resident) ready. Striking exhibits of the Victoria history That this be continued in the future is regia of South America and of the cannon- may Associate Members the and belief of all friends of the ball tree were added to the botanical exhibits hope Caleb H. Canby, Jr., Henry P. Chandler, Charles A. E. in 1924. The 1925 saw the institution, and, no doubt, they will give Danz, Eliot H. Evans, Dr. Lester Garrison, Dr. year completion Ward E. John W. hearty approval to the declaration of Presi- Stanley Gibson, Guest, Hutchinson, and installation of the group of the man- Archer L. Jackson, Edward H. Kohlsaat, Mrs. Leander dent Field in a recent article that "Field eating lions of Tsavo, and of the shark and H. LaChance, John M. McVoy, Charles Z. Meyer, Museum will move as the world Dr. A. H. Parmelee, Mrs. Anna J. Peterson, Arnold crocodile groups. Large models of a cement moves, forever keeping abreast of the times and the P. Rayner, Guy A. Richardson, Mrs. Kinney Smith, plant and of a modern brick yard were com- Mrs. William H. Tuthill, William Upton Watson. changes which they bring." pleted and added to the geological exhibits in Annual Members 1926. Three bronze groups made the late by T. Burr A. Carl E. and donated Trustee R. T. Gifts from Friends of China Harry Alexander, Blackburn, George Akeley by Brown, William Jerome Clark, Charles R. Clow, W. H. were installed in Field Mrs. Frederick B. Mrs. W. Crane, Jr., Stanley Three important acquisitions were made Cornwell, Cozzens, Fred Hall in 1926. These groups represented Fahrenfeld, Miss Ada M. Fleming, Mrs. Joseph B. recently from the fund annually presented Mrs. John L. P. H. Mrs. African natives. Provision Fleming. Forch, Jr., Gilleland, lion-spearing by to the Museum by the American Friends Hans Richard Griesser, Clyde C. Gruetzmacher, Mrs. of an for a new form of investi- John E. Miss Violet F. Frank A. apparatus of China. These are a prehistoric pottery Glynn, Hammond, gation was made by President Field through Hiter, P. S. Howard, Frank Brookes Hubachek, H. L. jar of the neolithic period (about 2000 B.C.) Mrs. R. H. T. Miss his donation of instruments and Huenink, Stephen Knott, Lavin, laboratory decorated with painted designs of spirals, Ida Larson, James Majarakis, E. S. McWilliams, Mrs. for the use of in the Charles A. Mrs. J. H. Mrs. John C. equipment X-rays study a unique gilt bronze figurine of a rhinoceros, Nowak, Osborne, Mrs. Frank C. Reed, Mrs. Charles R. Rice, of Museum material. and a in enamel colors Pitcher, porcelain jar painted Miss Louise C. Robinson, Dr. Raymond J. Sauer, The year 1927 saw many changes made in with scenes from the lives of fishermen. The Arthur L. Scheying, Mrs. J. G. Shaw, Mrs. Mary Edith A. F. Miss Ida W. the zoological halls through the withdrawal jar and figurine are in Case 7 of Simpson, Song, Thomas, Theron pottery Miss Annie C. E. of some of the collections and the Field to which the two Wasson, Wiersen, Philip Willman, systematic Stanley Hall, polo Mrs. Percy Wilson, Mrs. L. D. Winters, Mrs. Herbert assignment of the halls so vacated to mammal figures recently presented by David Weber W. Wivel, Joseph J. Wolfe, Milton G. Wood. groups. Such groups installed during 1927 have also been added; the porcelain jar is included those of the mule deer and Olympic shown in Case 31 of Hall 24 (East Gallery). elk. During this year the Museum suffered MEMBERSHIP IN FIELD MUSEUM Field Museum has several classes of Members. the loss of two members of the Board of Henry Field Returns Messrs. Edward E. and Benefactors give or devise $100,000 or more. Contribu- Trustees, Ayer tors or devise $5,000 to $100,000. Life Members Henry Field, Assistant Curator of Physical give Arthur B. Jones, who had served the interests give $500; Non-Resident (Life) and Associate Members who since last summer of the Museum from the beginning with Anthropology, early pay $100; Non-Resident Associate Members pay $50. devotion and has been on a collecting tour in Europe, All the above classes are exempt from dues. Sustaining great generosity. Members contribute After six gathering material and data for use in the $25 annually. years they During 1928 the groups of Marco Polo become Associate Members. Annual Members con- projected new Hall of Prehistoric Man, tribute $10 annually. Other are Corpo- sheep and ibex, material for which was col- memberships and Chauncey Keep Hall of Physical Anthro- rate, Honorary, Patron, and Corresponding, additions lected by the James Simpson-Roosevelts under these classifications being made by special action pology, returned to the Museum in January. Asiatic Expedition of 1925, were installed, of the Board of Trustees. as was also a group of mountain Each Member, in all classes, is entitled to free nyala admission to the Museum for himself, his family and material for which Museum Officers Re-elected antelopes, was obtained house guests, and to two reserved seats for Museum by the Field Museum-CMcaso Daily News Stanley Field was re-elected President of lectures provided for Members. Subscription to Field Museum News is included with all The Abyssinian Expedition of 1926. A group Field Museum for the twenty-third time at memberships. courtesies of every museum of note in the United of the of Trustees illustrating fire-making by the pygmies of the Annual Meeting Board States and Canada are extended to all Members of the Malay Peninsula was installed in 1928. of the institution, held Monday, January 19. Field Museum. A Member may give his personal card non-residents of of In the same year, Director D. C. Davies, Mr. Field has been President since January, to Chicago, upon presentation which will be admitted to the Museum without succeeded 1909. All the other Officers who served they who had Director Skiff, and who, charge. Further information about memberships will like him, had been a pioneer in the service during 1930 were also re-elected for 1931. be sent on request.

PRINTED BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS tlseuiti News Published Monthly by Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago

Vol. 2 MARCH, 1931 No. 3

NEW MURAL DEPICTS STRANGE REPTILES WHICH LIVED 215,000,000 YEARS AGO

By Elmer S. Riggs kinds represented, Dimetrodon (on the right have less striking characteristics to distin- Associate Curator of Paleontology in the picture), was armed with an ugly series guish them from modern lizards, but they of teeth which him to an old order which has since A large mural painting, by Charles R. sharp-pointed proclaim belonged long died Knight, in which are restored some of the an animal of vicious habits and a flesh eater. out. his arose to a strange reptiles of the Permian period, is a On back, spines height equal Basking along the shores of quiet lagoons, recent addition to the series of twenty-eight to the length of his body. The spines were these animals formed a distinctively reptilian murals which are being installed on the walls connected by a membranous covering which community. No inquisitive mammals roused of Ernest R. Graham Hall (Hall 38). This extended along the back and formed a great them from their drowsy sleep under tropical painting shows a group of grotesque-looking fin-like projection. This fin may have suns; no birds perched upon the giant horse- creatures which lived in the earliest period of served as a sail to propel the animal over the tail rushes which bordered the shores. Great the Age of Reptiles. They date back almost Permian seas, but as he was more fitted for dragon flies may have skimmed over the

Mural painting restoring reptiles of the Permian Period. Presented by Ernest R. Graham and on exhibition in Hall 38. Charles R. Knight is the artist. to the coal age, 215,000,000 years ago, land habits, it is probable it was of no use waters or rested on a snag of a broken tree, according to estimates. beyond the decorative effect. but no hum of busy insects filled the air. It The animals reproduced include curious Naosaurus, the other "fin-back" shown was a time of heavy atmosphere and sluggish fin-back reptiles of two kinds, and several (center of picture), was quite similar to life which waited through the long ages until lizard-like reptiles. The former are remark- Dimetrodon but was inoffensive, and given awakening intelligence should dawn upon able, not because of their size, but on account to feeding upon plants. The lizard-like the animal world to give more activity to the of their unusual proportions. One of the reptiles shown in the picture (on the left) scene.

ROYAL PERSIAN PALACE The new discovery is regarded as of the THE LARGEST SMALL PLANT UNEARTHED AT KISH greatest importance for the light which it By Paul C. Standley will throw on the history concerned. The Associate Curator of the Herbarium The first of the well-preserved palace present chief sources of information regarding Sassanian of Persian ever branch of is the dynasty kings the Sassanian dynasty are Greek, Arabic A what probably largest found has been discovered at in in the world was received Kish, Irak, and Persian, and it is hoped that the con- plant recently by the Field Museum-Oxford Field Museum. by University tents of this palace will supplement informa- Joint to Expedition Mesopotamia, according tion already available. Professor Stanley F. Cain of Butler Uni- to from Professor reports Stephen Langdon, The Byzantine empire was constantly at versity presented to the Museum a specimen director of the expedition. war with the Sassanian kings, and Professor of the box huckleberry (Gaylussacia brachy- The discovery was largely accidental, Langdon believes the palace will contribute cera), that he collected in June, 1930, near Professor Langdon states. The field director, new information on this period of the Roman Rugby, Fentress County, Tennessee. This L. C. to excavations Watelin, waiting begin empire. Gold ornaments and pieces of plant has been supposed to be one of the on hill the main over the site of the ancient sculpture already found show a blend of rarest American shrubs, known only from city, set his Arab workmen to leveling the Persian and Greco-Roman influences. There Delaware, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and mounds of earth near-by. They had not is the characteristic Sassanian lotus flower, Virginia, and in most of those states from been at work for a week before one wall and and on the plaques and friezes on the palace very few localities. two gateways of the royal Persian palace wall are the figures of plants, animals, giants It is an evergreen shrub that trails over been had laid bare. Professor Langdon and soldiers. The gateway is decorated with the ground and forms mats or colonies some- estimates its date at about a.d. 350. twelve female figures on a lintel. The times one hundred acres in extent. Botanists Below it, in layers which represent various excavation has not progressed far enough to who have investigated the colonies are of the stages of the civilization at Kish, are the gauge the size and plan of the palace. opinion that often they consist of a single ruins of buildings which preceded the palace. Another report from Professor Langdon plant, hundreds of years old. If they are Vertical shafts in the great hill where ancient indicates the discovery of another huge right, the box huckleberry, in spite of the rulers built temples to the mother goddess temple believed to be the greatest monument fact that it rises scarcely six inches above show buildings dating back to the Sumerians, of the Sumerian period, dating back to about the ground is perhaps the largest plant of probably the first of civilized peoples. 3500 B.C., but this is not yet confirmed. the whole world. Page 2 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS March, 1931

Field Museum of Natural History style and intended primarily to disseminate rival being its close relative, the common More than sable of East Africa. The Founded by Marshall Field, 1893 knowledge among laymen. sixty antelope giant of these have been published to date. They species is distinguished from the common Roosevelt Road and Lake Michigan, Chicago also are sent regularly to a mailing list of one chiefly by the enormous size of its horns, more than institutions and individuals and the distribution of the white THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 1,000 markings both in the United States and foreign John Borden William H. Mitchell countries. In are sold William J. Chalmers Frederick H. Rawson addition, they widely R. T. Crane, Jr. George A. Richardson to the general public at cost prices. Marshall Field Martin A. Ryerson Additional works issued from Field Stanley Field Fred W. Sargent Museum Press include the Memoirs Series Ernest R. Graham Stephen C. Simms Albert W. Harris James Simpson of quarto-size scientific publications on the Samuel Insull, Jr. Solomon A. Smith results of specialized research conducted A. Sprague William V. Kelley Albert under the of the the Cyrus H. McCormick Silas H. Strawn auspices Museum; William Wrigley, Jr. Technique Series of handbooks on new and efficient methods of work developed at Field OFFICERS Museum; the Design Series intended for the Field President Stanley use of art textile Martin A. Ryerson First Vice-President artists, designers, students, Albert A. Sprague Second Vice-President workers, etc.; and numerous special hand- James Simpson Third Vice-President books, leaflets, portfolios and other works. Stephen C. Simms Director and Secretary In addition to producing all these books Solomon A. Smith . . . Treasurer and Assistant Secretary and pamphlets, Field Museum Press brings out regularly each month the Field Museum FIELD MUSEUM NEWS News; prints the many thousands of labels Stephen C. Simms, Director of the Museum Editor necessary for the exhibits; and produces all matter CONTRIBUTING EDITORS miscellaneous printed required by the institution, such as lecture posters, station- Berthold Laufer Curator of Anthropology ery, direction folders, etc. To carry on this B. E. Dahlgrbn Curator Acting of Botany the has a and O. C. Farrington Curator of Geology work, Museum large complete Wilfred H. Osgood Curator book and and of Zoology job printing binding plant, Giant Horns with modern and a H. B. Harts Managing Editor equipped machinery, Antlers and skull of sable received studio and giant antelope photogravure press. A large from Vernay-Lang Kalahari Expedition, being inspected Field Museum is open every day of the year during staff of printers is employed, and various by Curator Osgood. the hours indicated below: members of the Museum staff devote much on its black coat. horns November, December, January 9 a.m. to 4:30 P.M. time to writing and editorial work. almost jet The of February, March, April, October 9 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. the run to five feet In exchange for the publications distrib- giant species and more May, June, July, August, September 9 a.m. to 6:00 P.M. uted free to the institutions and individuals in length, whereas those of the common Admission is free to Members on all Other days. on the lists the Museum species average between three and four feet. adults are admitted free on and regular mailing Thursdays, Saturdays The obtained for Sundays: non-members pay 25 cents on other days. receives large numbers of valuable pub- Vemay-Lang Expedition Children are admitted free on all days. Students and lications which are added to the Museum the Museum also a vast collection including members of educational institutions are admit- faculty The rest of the Museum's invest- representatives of practically all the larger ted free any day upon presentation of credentials. Library. ment in work a con- mammals of South Africa, and several The Library of the Museum, containing some 92,000 publication represents thousand of small birds, volumes on natural history subjects, is open for refer- tribution to the advancement of science and specimens mammals, ence daily except Sunday. the dissemination of knowledge. reptiles, fishes and invertebrates. Traveling exhibits are circulated in the schools of Chicago by the Museum's Department of the N. W. Harris Public School Extension. Lions Obtained for Museum Gifts to the Museum Lecturers for school classrooms and assemblies, and Word has been received from Marshall special entertainments and lecture tours for children at Following is a list of some of the Field, of New York, Field Museum Trustee, principal the Museum, are provided by the James Nelson and gifts received during the last month: Anna Louise Raymond Foundation for Public School that he will present to the Museum a large From R. Bensabott, Inc. —a carved green jade box, and Children's Lectures. male lion, a lioness and two cubs, which he China; from William J. Chalmers—a brick of silver illustrated lectures Announcements of courses of free obtained on his recent private hunting trip made by first waterjacket furnace operated at Leadville, on science and travel for the and lectures public, special in Tanganyika Territory, British East Africa. Colorado, a brick of silver made from ore of early for Members of the Museum, will appear in Field Montana mines, and 8 objects from The specimens will fill a long-felt need for a ethnological Algeria Museum News. and Morocco: from Dr. I. W. Drummond—10 ethno- habitat of lions to be added to the There is a cafeteria in the Museum where luncheon group logical objects, China,—Near East and Switzerland; from is served for visitors. Other rooms are provided for exhibits in Carl E. Akeley Memorial Hall. Charles L. Watelin 26 flints of Campignian period, those bringing their lunches. France; from Frank von Drasek—8 specimens diamond and other and 9 Members are to inform the Museum satellites, quartz crystals minerals, requested RARE ANTELOPE RECEIVED diamond from Charles promptly of changes of address. photographs illustrating mining; S. B. Smith—2 boards of from J. Neils A of the rare sable sugar maple; specimen giant antelope Lumber Company—4 trunk slabs, 2 boards and a of Africa, in size extremely close to the record wheel— section; from Great Southern Lumber Company— FIELD MUSEUM PRESS specimen ever taken by any hunters, has 2 boards of longleaf pine; from Harry T. Davis an etched fragment of County meteorite, North been received at Field Museum as a result Randolph The extent to which Field Museum of Carolina; from Charles H. Swift—a beaded buckskin Natural History, in its capacity of publisher of the Vemay-Lang Kalahari Expedition. vest, Dakota, and a beaded belt, Menominee; from H. B. Conover—a Canada from T. Gunning of scientific books and pamphlets, is con- The animal was obtained through the efforts goose; Davis—a squirrel monkey, Paraguay; from Henry to the world's store of scientific of Arthur S. Vernay of New York and — tributing Field 4 scorpions— and 6 jointed spiders, Irak; from information, is probably little realized by London, who financed and led the expedition, R. C. Swank a hornet's nest, Missouri. the general public, or even by most of the and induced the Portuguese government Members of the institution. officials in Angola (Portuguese West Africa) AND ENDOWMENTS In its various regular series of publications to grant permission to take the specimen of BEQUESTS —the Anthropological, Botanical, Geological, this highly protected animal. Allan Chap- Bequests to Field Museum of Natural History may be made in securities, money, books or collections. Zoological, Historical, and Annual man was the hunter who finally stalked and Report if take the form of a memorial to — shot the handsome beast. The skull They may, desired, Series the Museum has up to date pub- skin, a person or cause, named by the giver. For those desiring lished more than 280 works. These are and antlers have all arrived at the Museum, to make bequests, the following form is suggested: chiefly of technical character, and intended and work will soon begin to mount the FORM OF BEQUEST for free distribution libra- animal for exhibition. among museums, J do and to Field Museum of The horns of the are five feet hereby give bequeath ries, and higher institutions of learning, and specimen Natural History of the City of Chicago, State of Illinois, for exchange with contemporary authors, two and one-half inches long, which is only both in this country and abroad. They are one and one-half inches less than the record made available, also, to other persons to size ever taken by any hunter, according to whom they would be of use, at prices barely Dr. Wilfred H. Osgood, Curator of Zoology. Cash contributions made within the taxable year to Field Museum not 15 cent of the tax- the cost of The list of Until recently the giant sable exceeding per covering printing. comparatively net income are allowable as deductions in com- was been dis- payer's institutions and individuals to whom these antelope unknown, having puting net income under Article 251 of Regulation 69 are regularly sent now comprises 1,250 covered only about fifteen years ago, Dr. relating to the income tax under the Revenue Act of names. Osgood states. It is found nowhere except 1926. Endowments may be made to the Museum with the In addition, the Museum publishes series in a limited area in Angola. Sportsmen and provision that an annuity be paid to the patron for life. concede that it is the of Anthropological, Botanical, Geological naturalists generally These annuities are tax-free and are guaranteed against and Zoological leaflets, written in popular most magnificent of all antelopes, its nearest fluctuation in amount. March, 1931 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS Page 3

SPRING LECTURE COURSE April 18—The Tale of the Ancient Whale- March 28—A Jaguar in Stone; Belgian How Buds Become Fishes BEGINS MARCH 7 man Cities; Leaves; Chester Scott Howland, Boston, Massachusetts of Many Waters; Hagotian, the Rug- The fifty-fifth free lecture course presented maker. April 25—A Close-up of Early America by Field Museum will begin on Saturday, Gilbert E. New York April 4—The Story of Silk; Pineapples; March 7. Eight lectures on science and Gable, City Life in a Pond; Undersea Partnerships; illustrated with motion and No tickets are necessary for admission travel, pictures The Life History of a Pearl. stereopticon slides, will be given by eminent to these lectures. 11 — of Fire- and naturalists. The lectures will April The Story Asbestos; explorers Without Drummers and be on successive Saturday afternoons, and making Matches; Boomers; and Their will be given in the James Simpson Theatre CHILDREN'S ENTERTAINMENTS — Porcupines Neighbors. of the Museum. —RAYMOND FOUNDATION April 18 The Island of Sugar; Prodigal All lectures begin at 3 p.m. Admission is Palms; Poor Butterfly; The Message of free. Following is the complete schedule: Eight more of the free motion pictures of the Flowers. the series for children — March 7—The Lost Valleys of the Caucasus spring provided by April 25 In Batik Land; A Dyak Wedding; William Osgood Field, Lenox, Massachusetts the James Nelson and Anna Louise Ray- Teak-logging in Siam; Elephants on Pa- for Public School Wooden Shoes. March 14—The Human Side of the Byrd mond Foundation and rade; Lectures remain to be on is 10 Expedition Children's given Each program given twice, at and Chief Yeoman Charles E. Lofgren, United States Saturday mornings during March and April 11 A.M. Children from all parts of Chicago Navy (retired), Personnel Officer of the Byrd in the James Simpson Theatre of Field and suburbs are invited to attend. Expedition to the Antarctic Museum. The first two were given in March 21—Australian Life and Scenery February. Following is the schedule of Professor Griffith Taylor, University of Chicago Sails dates and titles of films to be shown on each : Archaeological Expedition March 28—Exploring the Jungles of Sur- inam March 7—The Antics of the Kilowatt; The The Third Marshall Field Archaeological to British Honduras and Guate- Jean M. F. Dubois, Denver, Colorado Eagle's Nest; Traveling in a Goatskin Expedition mala sailed from New Orleans 27 4—Alaska Boat. February April for Belize. It will excavate ancient Maya sites Amos O. Berg, Ottawa, Canada March 14—America Raises Rubber; Thrills and conduct ethnological research among 11—Across Asia's Snows and Deserts in Bare Facts About Bears. April Yellowstone; the modern Mayas. J. Eric Thompson, William J. Associate in Morden, Mammalogy, March 21—Fine Furs on Fine Animals; Assistant Curator of Central and South American Museum of Natural History, New York City Picturesque Roumania. American Archaeology, is leader.

MODELS OF ZAPOTEC TEMPLE AND MAYA PYRAMID PLACED ON EXHIBITION IN HALL 8 Bv J. Eric Thompson depressions in the mortar beds at the top the Carnegie Institution of Washington. The Assistant Curator of Central and South of the walls show how the weight was carried pyramid, which is adorned with grotesque American Archaeology by wooden beams, and in the model part of masks of the rain gods, has a somewhat Recently a model of the famous palace the roof is restored in such a manner that the un-Maya appearance. The later inhabitants of construction shows. of it at Mitla in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, was original method of the city Uaxactun had covered up . placed on exhibition in Hall 8. Mitla was According to an early Spanish writer, in order to build a larger pyramid on top, the capital of the Zapotecs, one of the most Burgoa, who visited Mitla shortly after the and to this the under pyramid owes its advanced tribes of ancient Mexico, who conquest, this building served as the temple remarkably good state of preservation. The evolved a distinct culture and maintained and residence of the Zapotecan rulers and excavation was the work of Oliver G. their independence until conquered by the high priests. He writes, "One of the rooms Ricketson of the Carnegie Institution, and Aztecs in A.D. 1494. . . . was the palace of the high priest, where the model was made by Samuel Guernsey The model, which was made at the United he sat and slept, for the apartment offered of Boston. States National Museum, shows the temple room and opportunity for everything. The The structure is of peculiar interest be- as it was when in occupation, but the throne was like a high cushion with a high cause it appears to antedate the earliest original, even at the present time, is remark- back to lean against, all of jaguar skin, stuffed dated stelae at Uaxactun, which in turn are ably well preserved. It consists of a long entirely with delicate feathers or with fine more ancient than any monument known hall with great stone columns down the grass. . . . All the rooms were clean and well from any other Maya city. center, the long axis at right angles to the furnished with mats. It was not the custom to Casts of two Maya lintels from Yaxchilan entrance, and behind, four long and narrow sleep on bedsteads, however great a lord in Guatemala have recently been hung at rooms grouped around an interior court. might be." the east end of the same hall. These are

«:«W^

' " - -. H

WSBSSBSt _ MARM! J g£ J*

Model of famous Zapotec temple at Mitla, Oaxaca, Mexico. On exhibition In Hall 8.

The chief interest of the building lies in According to this same writer, the high magnificent examples of Maya sculpture. the very fine series of geometric patterns in priests and kings were buried under the They are both from the same building and stone that adorn the outer and inner walls. palace; for Mitla, which is a corruption of represent the drawing of blood from the These designs are arranged in horizontal an Aztec word Mictlan, meaning the abode tongue and its offering to the two-headed panels, the relief having a depth of about of the dead, was supposed to be above the plumed serpent god. The carving, which is an inch and a half. The panels consist of entrance to the underworld. Human sacri- in deep relief, portrays clearly the deforma- a large number of separate stones, each with fice, too, was performed in this building. tion of the head, the head-dresses of quetzal its portion of design carefully carved on its Another model, representing the earliest feathers, ear-plugs, and finely woven textiles. surface so that it fitted without error into known Maya building, has also been placed Other improvements to Hall 8 include a the general pattern. The effect was enhanced on exhibition in Hall 8. This represents a series of large photographs of Maya temples by painting the background a deep red,. stucco covered pyramid excavated at Uaxac- and buildings, additional casts, and the Although the roof has now collapsed, the tun in the Peten District of Guatemala by reinstallation of material in the cases. Page k FIELD MUSEUM NEWS March, 19S1

THE GAME OF POLO and metal mirrors. Once tossed into the air, MARCH GUIDE-LECTURE TOURS the ball was not allowed to fall to the ground, By Bbrthold Laufer Following is the schedule of conducted and the highest ambition was to keep it Curator, Department of Anthropology tours of the exhibits during March: spinning in the air, so that it never became Week March 2— 11. A.M., Life in Many Museum visitors viewing the ex- detached from the stick. beginning Monday: the Far North, 3 P.M., Horses; Tuesday: 11 A.M., South of women It is a fact that in China hibit of four Chinese clay figures singular donkeys American Indians, 3 P.M., Cereals and Spices: Wednes- on horseback engaged in a polo match, and mules as well as horses were trained for day: 11 A.M., Users of Horn, Bone and Ivory, 3 P.M., Past and Present; : 1 1 A.M. and 3 P.M., exclaim in surprise, "We never knew polo polo. From ancient times Shantung Prov- Reptiles, Thursday General Tours; Friday: 11 A.M., Horned and Hoofed in and that Chinese ince has been celebrated for its enormous was played China, Animals, 3 P.M., Chinese Ethnology. women in athletic Yet indulged sports." Week beginning March 9—Monday: 11 A.M., Armor polo has had a long and honorable history and Weapons, 3 p.m., Economic Fibers; Tuesday: in China, and has been a favorite subject of 11 a.m., Prehistoric Animals, 3 p.m., Costumes; Wednes- 11 Indians of the Southwest, 3 p.m., Musical illustrious and day: a.m., many painters sculptors. Instruments; Thursday: 11 a.m. and 3 p.m., General The clay figures in question, which were Tours; Friday: 11 A.M., Egypt, 3 P.M., Trees of the buried with sport-loving noblemen in the Chicago Area. eighth century of our era, are the earliest Week beginning March 16—Monday: 11 A.M., Birds of and 11 a.m., monuments to polo now extant. The first March, 3 P.M., Crystals Gems; Tuesday: Fishes, 3 P.M., Wednesday: 11 A.M., Animal record was in Polynesia; great polo match on played Life of the Seas, 3 p.m., Basketry; Thursday: 11 A.M. a.d. 709, at the imperial court of Ch'ang-an, and 3 P.M., General Tours; Friday: 11 A.M., Skeletons, 3 The of Man. between Chinese princes and Tibetan ambas- P.M., Story sadors who had arrived from Lhasa to Week beginning March 23—Monday: 11 A.M., Economic 3 The Mound Builders; receive a of the Chinese Minerals, p.m., daughter emperor Tuesday: 11 A.M., North American Game Animals, who was to marry the king of Tibet. 3 P.M., Roman Archaeology; Wednesday: 11 a.m., Carl Polo was first played about the beginning Akeley Hall, 3 P.M., Jewelry of Many Lands; Thursday: 11 A.M. and 3 General 11 A.M., of our era Iranian tribes of nomadic P.M., Tours; Friday: by Mummies, 3 P.M., Plant Families. horsemen inhabiting Central Asia, and from Week beginning March 30—Monday: 11 A.M., Africa this center both the horses and the polo game and Madagascar, 3 P.M., Physical Geology; Tuesday: were transmitted to Persia and China. In 11 a.m., Animals of the Plains; 3 P.M., Peoples of the its origin it was not a game, but rather an Pacific. exercise in preparation for war, and a trial Persons wishing to participate should of skill and endurance, on a par with archery. apply at North Entrance. Tours are free In China polo was vigorously cultivated and no gratuities are to be proffered. A new by several emperors of the T'ang dynasty, Polo Player schedule will appear each month in Field and also under the Sung dynasty, during Chinese mortuary clay figure of woman polo player. Museum News. Guide-lecturers' services One of a pair presented by David Weber. which it was adopted as an exercise in the for special tours by parties of ten or more army. Under the Manchu dynasty the game are available free of arrangement donkeys, and it was there that the initiative charge by became extinct. a week in advance. was taken to train them for the game. In with the Director There is a story of an old general, who the year 826 an official of Shantung sent a used to place a pile of ten coins in the polo present of polo donkeys to the imperial An Collection court, and galloping his horse strike one off Important'Plant court and four renowned players who per- with his club each time he passed, knocking Field Museum has received in exchange formed before the emperor. The prince of the coin up seventy to eighty feet in the air. from the Museum of Stockholm, Ting-siang under the T'ang taught his ladies Royal The polo sticks are described as terminat- through Dr. Gunnar Samuelsson, a valuable to play polo on donkey-back. The Museum ing in a point like the crescent moon, and collection of 1,336 specimens of plants for owns several Chinese paintings representing are therefore styled "moon sticks." In the Herbarium. The sending consists in women on donkeys playing polo. Chinese paintings they appear provided with part of 450 specimens collected in the State of a scoop or ladle, exactly as in Persia. The Parana, Brazil, by the late Per Dusen. Bird Collecting Expedition balls were of an elastic vermilion painted These include many rare species not repre- wood, but leather balls are also mentioned. Staff Taxidermist Ashley Hine was dis- sented previously in the Museum Herbarium, The players formed two teams and con- patched to California toward the end of last and they are the more desirable because of tended for the same ball. The goal was set month to conduct an expedition which will the extreme care used in their preparation. up at the south end of the course and con- make collections of important birds needed An equally desirable portion of the sending sisted of two stakes connected by a board for addition to the Museum's North Ameri- consists of 640 plants collected in Cuba by on top, making an open gate, in which was can ornithological series. A special effort Dr. Erik L. Ekman. suspended a net to receive the ball. The will be made to obtain specimens of many side able to strike the ball into the net was small birds which are to be found in the the winner. The horses were gorgeously middle and southern parts of the state during Museum hours in March: Daily, 9 a.m. adorned with pheasant feathers, tassels, bells, the next few months. to 5 P.M.

Chancellor Collection Arrives NEW MEMBERS Clifford A. Rowley, Joseph P. Savage, Mrs. George J. Schmitt, Mrs. Charlea R. Simmons, Charles H. Smart, were elected to Harold E. Mrs. Louis L. Thurstone, Mre. A collection of some 400 fishes, and numer- The following persons Stembridge, membership in Field Museum during the Mary Tuma, Irving M. Tuteur, Mrs. Gerard VanDyke, ous corals and other marine invertebrates, Fred VanO'Linda, Frederick W. Vodoz, Miss Mary D. from 17 to 17: collected by the recently returned Chancel- period January February Weir, Elmer J. Whitty, Gerhard C. Wolterding, lor-Stuart-Field Museum Expedition to Non-Resident Life Members Ferdinand H. Young. Aitutaki, Cook Islands, was received at the W. C. Stephens Museum last month. Among the fishes are Associate Members MEMBERSHIP IN FIELD MUSEUM Field Museum has several classes of Members. many remarkable for their curious forms and Arthur L. Allais, Dr. Nathaniel Allison, Mrs. Clay Benefactors or devise $100,000 or more. Contribu- their beautiful and these will Baird, David Degen, Robert J. Dunham, Howard give coloration, make tors or devise to Life Members Edward James D. Grant, give $5,000 $100,000. excellent for exhibits which are to Elting, George Felsenthal, Non- Resident and Associate Members subjects Michael John A. Edward Mohr, give $500; (Life) Karpen, McGarry, Non-Resident Associate Members be prepared in the near future. Material for Professor Claude Irwin Palmer, Miss Jessie H. Rankin, pay $100; pay $50. All the above classes are exempt from dues. Sustaining addition to the study collections was also William J. Rathje, Charles W. Stiger, Sr., J. W. Watzek, Samuel W. Weis. Members contribute $25 annually. After six years they received. Jr., become Associate Members. Annual Members con- Annual Members tribute $10 annually. Other memberships are Corpo- Philip M. Chancellor, who sponsored and Robert Leslie Alton, Mrs. Howard Ames. Mrs. Gallus rate, Honorary, Patron, and Corresponding, additions led this and the Chancel- action expedition previous J. Bader, Mrs. Harold Osborne Barnes, Dr. E. V. L. under these classifications being made by special lor-Stuart-Field Museum Expedition to the Brown, Mrs. J. F. Brown, William Jerome Byrnes, of the Board of Trustees. South Pacific in 1929-30, is now engaged in Robert B. Chittenden, Dr. Friend R. Eccles, Mrs. M. A. Each Member, in all classes, is entitled to free Eilert, Dewey A. Ericsson, Mrs. Henry Frenzel, Edward admission to the Museum for himself, his family and supervising the of a motion making picture Gledhill, William B. Greenlee, Charles F. Harding, Jr., house guests, and to two reserved seats for Museum film, "The Dragon Lizard of Komodo." Part Ralph Horween, Mrs. James B. Keogh, Mrs. Calvin P. lectures provided for Members. Subscription to Field J. J. The of this film, which will have sound effects, King, Frank Koepke, William Larkin, Mrs. Robert Museum News is included with all memberships. Leitz, Miss Alma J. Lovett, Mrs. Hays MacFarland, courtesies of museum of note in the United was made on the first and some every expedition, Charles S. MacFerran, I. S. Martin, Edwin W. C. States and Canada are extended to all Members of scenes were taken at Field Museum as a Mayer, Alexander J. McCarthy, L. McFall, Charles R. Field Museum. A Member may give his personal card result of the exhibition here of the Komodo McKay, Suejiro Ogawa, Mrs. Christen Olsen, Thomas to non-residents of Chicago, upon presentation of M. Frank A. Mrs. Frank D. which will be admitted to the Museum without lizard made from one of the O'Shea, Randall, Reed, they reproduction Mrs. Charles H. Requa, Mrs. John Ritchie, Rev. charge. Further information about memberships will specimens Mr. Chancellor collected. George L. Robinson, Lester Rockwell, I. Rosenberg, be sent on request. PRINTED BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS Field ews Published Monthly by Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago

Vol. 2 APRIL, 1931 No. 4 EXHIBIT OF SLOTH SKELETONS OBTAINED BY MARSHALL FIELD EXPEDITION

By Elmer S. Riggs plains or pampas of central Argentina, and has been recorded from the vicinity of Associate Curator of Paleontology in the fertile valleys of northern Argentina, Minneapolis. other of America. The skeletons of two South American Bolivia, and parts South Most of the ground sloths had massive have been found in caves ground sloths of the Pleistocene Age (one to Many specimens bodies and short, stout legs. Their heads of eastern Brazil. became the one and one-half million years ago), mounted They largest were small in comparison. The jaws were and most as well as the in positions characteristic of their habits in powerful, probably armed with five pairs of short, pig-like teeth most numerous, of all the mammals native life, have recently been placed on exhibition above and below. The teeth were not to America. in Ernest R. Graham Hall of Historical South provided with the hard coating of enamel Geology (Hall 38). The specimens are part After land had been formed between North which in most animals protects them from of the collection of fossils obtained by the and South America, the ground sloths found wear. In many species of sloths there were Marshall Field Paleontological Expedition their way northward into the territory now no front teeth of the kind used by most to Bolivia in 1927. They were excavated occupied by the United States. Remains of animals in seizing their food. These sloths from an accumulation of valley apparently drew their food sands and clays. into the mouth by means of a In the Museum exhibit, one long, flexible tongue. of the sloths is mounted in the The fore legs were longer position assumed when digging than the hind legs, and capable for roots and tubers. The of greater freedom of move- other is rearing to reach up ment. Each fore foot was armed among the branches of a tree with three claws, which were to feed. These sloths are of apparently used in pulling down the species which is known the branches of trees and in by the scientific name of digging food out of the ground. Scelidodon capellinii. The hind legs were short and Many kinds of ground sloths stout, and used in supporting have lived in various parts the body when the fore part of the western hemisphere at was raised to reach into trees. earlier periods of the earth's From the famous specimen history, but all of them are aforementioned, found in the now extinct. In addition to Chilean cave, and from various the abundance of fossil skele- other fragments, the outer tons of them which have been covering of these animals is found, some pieces of dried known to have been a thick skin, preserved by nature for skin with a coat of coarse hair. thousands of years, have been The animal was further pro- discovered and add to man's tected by a layer of small, knowledge of these great rounded bones at the base beasts. Some of these skin of the skin. These were fragments were found in the arranged much like cobble- cave of Ultima Esperanza in stones in a pavement. Speci- Chile, and more recently a mens of these small bones are desiccated body of a smaller often found scattered through species was discovered in a the earth along with the fossil cave in New Mexico. skeletons. A specimen which All of the ground sloths are may be seen in Ernest R. related to the little tree sloths New ground sloth group In Ernest R. Graham Hall Graham Hall shows a large which still live in the forested section of these pebble-like regions of South America. During their certain species closely related to those in the bones or ossicles, lying closely joined to- earliest history the ground sloths inhabited Museum exhibit have been found in the gether and covering part of the ribs. This the spacious shores of southern Argentina, asphaltum pits of Los Angeles. Others have arrangement apparently served, like the where they were among the most numerous been recovered from river sands in Nebraska, shells of turtles and armadillos, to protect animals of their time. In later geological and from caves in Pennsylvania. Perhaps these slow-moving creatures from the attacks periods they lived in great numbers on the the most northerly occurrence is one which of their flesh-eating enemies.

STONE AGE MAN'S SKELETON suggests that these people, who lived some Persian Mammals En Route to believed that ARRIVES AT MUSEUM 7,000 10,000 years ago, by Specimens of Persian wild ass and Persian the feet could de- mutilating they prevent wild goat are on their way to Field Museum However much they may have loved him, souls from back to parted walking frighten of Natural History, as a result of the recent when a man died among a certain tribe or their survivors. annoy hunting trip in Persia of James E. Baum, Jr., which inhabited part of southern Hungary The received at the Museum specimen who returned to Chicago last month. The in neolithic times, his comrades did not want not the human remains but comprises only specimens, now en route, will be presented to him or his spirit to come back. At least, so the the complete grave with original earth the Mr. on their arrival. it from a skeleton of a Museum by Baum appears prehistoric in which the skeleton was found. It repre- inhabitant of which Hungary recently sents the neolithic or late stone age. With it arrived at Field Museum of Natural To Hunt in Indo-China History, are two prehistoric pottery vessels and part for the toes of both feet were cut off at the of a wild boar tusk which had been buried George E. Carey, Jr., of Baltimore, and first before burial. joint with the deceased. The skeleton is of a G. F. Ryan of Lutherville, Md., are on their That this was a custom among this man's man who was about thirty-five years old way across the Pacific to Indo-China for a people is indicated by the fact that several when he died, according to Mr. Field. It is hunting expedition in the results of which other skeletons excavated from the same of great scientific importance, as it is the Field Museum will participate. They will burial mound reveal the same treatment of only practically complete human skeleton collect certain animals needed to complete the feet. From this fact, Henry Field, representing this period of neolithic culture the series of habitat groups of Asiatic Assistant Curator of Physical Anthropology, which has reached the United States. mammals in William V. Kelley Hall. Page 2 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS April, 1931

Field Museum of Natural History respondence with Mr. Davis and other files A. Brassert, Aldis J. Browne, George R. Carr, to the loan of the Founded by Marshall Field, 1893 relating permanent object Mrs. Lewis L. Coburn, William M. Collins, to Field Museum. As a result, he decided George A. Charles A. and Roosevelt Road and Lake Michigan, Chicago Cooke, Paesch, that Field Museum had a proper claim to Mrs. A. A. Sprague II. retain the corselet. This decision was THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES The Report gives detailed statistics of accepted by Mr. de Forest and the Metropol- and full accounts of John Borden William H. Mitchell attendance, seventeen itan Museum. The administration of Field William J. Chalmers Frederick H. Rawson expeditions, research, educational activities, R. T. Crane, Jr. George A. Richardson Museum is deeply appreciative of the cour- accessions, installations, and all other Marshall Field Martin A. Ryerson tesy of Mr. de Forest and the other authorities branches of the Museum's Stanley Field Fred W. Sargent activities. of the for their Ernest R. Graham Stephen C. Simms Metropolitan Museum Albert W. Harris James Simpson courtesy in allowing decision of the question Samuel Insull, Jr. Solomon A. Smith on the basis of this investigation, and their THE DIK DIK William V. Kf.ij.ky Albert A. Spragub act in their claim. Cyrus H. McCormick Silas H. Strawn gracious relinquishing William Wrigley, Jr. OFFICERS ANNUAL REPORT PUBLISHED Stanley Field President Martin A. Ryerson First Vice-President The Annual Report of the Director of Albert A. Spragub Second Vice-Pretident Field Museum of Natural History to the James Simpson Third Vice-President institution's Board of Trustees, a book of Stephen C. Simms Director and Secretary 256 with illus- Solomon A. Smith . . . Treasurer and Assistant Secretary pages twenty photogravure trations, is off the press, and copies will be sent to all Members of the Museum at an FIELD MUSEUM NEWS early date. All activities of the Museum Stephen C. Simms, Director of the Museum Editor during 1930 are reviewed in the Report by CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Director Stephen C. Simms. The Museum was the recipient of a Berthold Laufer Curator of Anthropology number of benefactions during B. E. Dahlgrbn Acting Curator of Botany noteworthy O. C. Farrington Curator of Geology the year, the Report shows. Among the Wilfred H. Osgood Curator of Zoology outstanding gifts were six contributions for H. B. Harte Managing Editor various purposes, totaling $154,547 from President Stanley Field; gifts totaling Field Museum is open every day of the year during $196,000 from Marshall Field; $60,600, repre- the hours indicated below: senting a legacy of $50,000 and payment of a of received from November, December, January 9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. previous pledge $10,600, The dik dik of Africa, about the size of a February, March, April, October 9 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. the estate of the late Chauncey Keep; rabbit, is one of the world's smallest ante- May, June, July, August, September 9 A.M. to 6:00 p.m. from Mrs. E. Marshall $50,000 Field; lopes. Full grown specimens attain a Admission is free to Members on all Other days. $10,000 from Martin A. Ryerson; $5,000 from shoulder of adults are admitted free on and height only about thirteen inches, Thursdays, Saturdays Mrs. James Nelson $7,819 from Sundays; non-members pay 26 cents on other days. Raymond; and a weight of not more than twenty Children are admitted free on all days. Students and R. T. Crane, Jr.; $10,762 from C. Suydam pounds. Their horns range between two members of educational institutions are admit- faculty Cutting of New York, who in addition and three inches in have ted free any day upon presentation of credentials. length. They financed an expedition which he led for the trunk-like muzzles. The The Library of the Museum, containing some 92,000 curiously enlarged Museum in India; from Mrs. volumes on natural history subjects, is open for refer- Sikkim, $5,000 group in the accompanying photograph is on ence daily except Sunday. William H. Moore; $3,700 from Albert W. exhibition in Carl E. Akeley Memorial Hall from William V. Traveling exhibits are circulated in the schools of Harris; $3,000 Kelley; of the Museum. It is composed of specimens Chicago by the Museum's Department of the N. W. $5,000 from the Rockefeller Foundation; Harris Public School Extension. of male, female and young, obtained by the $2,000 from Mrs. Louise E. Thome; $1,000 Lecturers for school classrooms and and Field Museum-Chicago Daily News Abys- assemblies, each from Bruce special entertainments and lecture tours for children at Thome, Henry Graves, Jr., sinian Expedition. The group was mounted the are and Coe Graves from Museum, provided by the James Nelson and George II; $834 by Staff Taxidermist Leon L. Pray. Anna Louise Raymond Foundation for Public School William J. Chalmers, and $655 from the and Children's Lectures. American Friends of China. In addition, Announcements of courses of free illustrated lectures a of for a to be Gifts to the Museum on science and travel for the public, and special lectures pledge $18,000 group placed for Members of the Museum, will appear in Field in Chauncey Memorial Hall, was made Keep is a list of some of the Museum News. Mrs. Charles H. Following principal by Schweppe. received the last month: There is a cafeteria in the Museum where luncheon gifts during After allocation of all contributions, and is served for visitors. Other rooms are for provided From Mrs. Merritt Starr—papoose cradle and 6 those their lunches. all income from the Museum's endowments bringing other objects of the Kiowa tribe, Oklahoma; from Members are requested to inform the Museum and other sources, the institution ended the George M. Coram—a specimen of box crystal; from promptly of changes of address. year with an unprovided for operating deficit Russell T. Neville—2 spotted salamanders and 10 of cave from Field—16 of $114,898, the Report shows. Total ex- photographs formations; Henry specimens of rock types, Scotland; from Joseph A. for the — A penditures year, including general Gloski 269 specimens of agate, California; from GRACIOUS ACT operating expenses, purchases of collections, Robert M. Zingg—55 specimens of small mammals, from Professor On exhibition in Field Museum's cost of expeditions (excluding those privately birdskins, lizards, snakes, etc., Mexico; Egyptian Emanuel Fritz—a board of Monterey cypress; from archaeological collections is a cut leather financed for the Museum by various spon- Dr. Charles E. Burt—30 specimens of frogs, toads, and Marshall Field — of ceremonial corselet of a priest of ancient sors), equipment, the N. W. Harris Public lizards snakes; from 7 reels motion films taken in Africa. Thebes, dating back to the eighteenth School Extension, and the James Nelson picture dynasty (sixteenth century B.C.). It is one and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation for of the only two known examples of this kind Public School and Children's Lectures, BEQUESTS AND ENDOWMENTS of corselet in the world. It was in amounted to $920,110. placed Bequests to Field Museum of Natural History may the Museum by T. M. Davis of Newport, Persons named in the Report who by their be made in securities, money, books or collections. if take the form of a memorial to Rhode Island, on permanent loan. gifts during the year of money or materials They may, desired, a person or cause, named by the giver. For those desiring in his will in value from to Mr. Davis recently died, and ranging $1,000 $100,000 to make bequests, the following form is suggested: left all of his collections to the were made and elected to the mem- Egyptian eligible FORM OF BEQUEST Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. bership classification designated as Con- It was a debatable point whether Mr. Davis tributors, include Arthur S. Vernay, L. M. / do hereby give and bequeath to Field Museum of Natural History of the City of Chicago, State of Illinois, intended the permanent loan he- had made Willis, Lee Ling YUn, Mrs. E. Marshall of this object to Field Museum to continue Field, Mrs. William H. Moore, Mrs. Charles after his death, or whether he intended it to H. Schweppe, and Mrs. Louise E. Thome. be included with his other Egyptian collec- Many of the others whose 1930 gifts would tions bequeathed to the Metropolitan place them in this group are not named here Cash contributions made within the taxable year to the tax- Museum. simply because their gifts in previous years Field Museum not exceeding 15 per cent of net income are allowable as deductions in com- had them in this class or in payer's By agreement between President Robert already placed puting net income under Article 251 of Regulation 69 W. de Forest of the Metropolitan Museum, the list of Benefactors (persons giving relating to the income tax under the Revenue Act of and President Stanley Field of Field Museum, $100,000 or more). 1926. Endowments be made to the Museum with the the question was submitted to Life Members elected during the year are may privately an be to the for life. Louis E. provision that annuity paid patron Judge Julian Mack for decision. Judge Mrs. Frank H. Armstrong, Asher, These annuities are tax-free and are guaranteed against Mack studied the will, and all of the cor- Henry B. Babson, Thomas M. Boyd, Herman fluctuation in amount. 3 April, 1931 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS Page

THE ANTIQUITY OF PYORRHEA This woman, who, judging from her skele- REINSTALLATION OF WOODS REVEALED BY X-RAY ton, was not an elderly individual when she IS NEARLY COMPLETED died, was nevertheless aged physically. In By Anna Reginalda Bolan The forests of North America are scarcely the print, it can easily be seen that her back Division of Roentgenology excelled by those of any other country for was bowed, and to the observer accustomed the wealth of timbers they provide. Accord- The incidence of pyorrhea in present times to the interpretation of these films, her ing to Sargent's Manual of the Trees of North is too well known to merit discussion; its entire attitude is one of physical decrepitude America there are more than 700 species antiquity, however, has not been exploited. and despair. Pyorrhea may have been a of trees growing in North America. This disease has been the common lot of man contributing cause of this woman's physical A few years ago Professor Samuel J. from pre-dynastic times to the present day. disability. Prophylactic measures at the Record, the Museum's Research Associate consider onset of her disease have Careful modern diagnosticians might possibly in was asked to formulate to the Wood Technology, pyorrhea an important etiologic factor. All prevented her deformity and added patients suffering from chronic systemic span of her life. —— - disorders are subjected to an intra-oral An interesting series of research prob- r*~""T— f^hrjruB examination before definite diagnosis is made. lems is carried out in the Division of ! being jft 'T Every physician's and dentist's X-ray labo-' Roentgenology of Field Museum. This ratory has a file of case histories which laboratory is a gift to the institution from includes patients with pyorrhea. Field Mu- President Stanley Field. has a record of seum X-Ray Laboratory A new and unique X-ray technique which mummies which evi- display roentgenologic produces films of greater brilliancy than it is dence of been afflicted with this same having possible to produce by the usual methods, disease. and is peculiarly adapted to museum work, Peruvian mummies dating back over hun- has been developed in this laboratory. The dreds of years, and Egyptian mummies ray used in this technique could not be used dating back thousands of years before Christ, on living tissue because of its caustic effect, are on the Museum's pyorrhea list. Included but it does not in any way harm the materials BBB is one of the oldest Egyptian mummies on that are submitted for examination in the Typical Wood Exhibit a of a woman record, pre-dynastic specimen Museum. This case, containing specimens of southern cypress, antedating 3,500 B.C., who lost most of her illustrates the manner in which all exhibits of North American woods are reinstalled. teeth, probably due to pyorrhea. BATS OF THE CHICAGO AREA being This comes from a pre-dynastic mummy By Colin C. Sanborn a plan for reinstallation of the exhibits of before the introduction of the period practice Assistant Curator of Mammals North American woods in Charles F. Mills- of the was dried nature. embalming; body by paugh Hall (Hall 26) whereby they would shallow in the desert sands and Bats are flying mammals belonging to the A pit was dug be displayed to the best advantage to meet in the bottom of it. order The seven species found a grass mat was spread Chiroptera. the requirements of the student interested folded in the in the Chicago area are beneficial rather The body, embryonic position, in American forestry, and the person seeking rested on this and was covered with than harmful. They feed entirely on insects, mat, definite information on the properties and do not suck blood or into a skins pieced and stitched together, the short and fly person's characteristics of various woods with a view This in turn was covered hair. Blind bats can fly about and avoid fur on the inside. to some use, as well as the casual with as much ease as bats specific by a woven piece of linen cloth, and a second striking objects visitor to the Museum. Professor Record which can so there is no reason to be see, worked out a plan under which reinstallation afraid of their becoming entangled in one's was begun in 1929, and this work is now hair. The vampire or bloodsucking bats nearing completion. are found only in Mexico and South America. Of the very large number of species of Bats are common in this region between trees native to the United States and May and September. The red and silver- Canada, a few are of vastly greater im- haired bats are the most abundant. Then portance than the rest. Some, such as follow the little brown bats and also the walnut, stand out because of their excellent The the larger brown species. hoary bat, quality; others, such as yellow pine, because is rather largest one found here, scarce, and of their relatively great abundance. Almost there are but few records of Trouessart's the entire supply of useful timbers of the and Rafinesque's bats. These last two United States and Canada is at present resemble externally the little brown bat, and derived from about ten per cent of the could easily be confused with it. total number of existing species. Because Bats are more plentiful during their migra- of this, together with space limitations, the. tions in the spring and fall. Some bats do exhibits have been restricted for the most not migrate for the winter but hibernate here. part to the trees which are industrially and A silver-haired bat was found in the Museum commercially of actual importance, or some on February 5, and a brown bat was taken eighty-four species. However, the Museum from a wood-pile in late December. The also has study collections comprising samples young number from one to two. When small of almost all of the trees of North America. they cling to the mother as she flies about The present appearance of the wood ex- in search of food. hibits as reinstalled is well illustrated in the the case There is still much to be learned about the accompanying photograph showing southern in bats of the Chicago area, and Field Museum containing cypress. Arranged the of their botanical will be glad to receive specimens or records sequence relationships, with the each tree is of occurrence. Most of the bats of this beginning pines, in a standardized manner by a region may be seen in the Museum in a represented Ancient Pyorrhea Sufferer section of trunk showing the bark, a cross case especially devoted to mammals of the section of the trunk, and selected boards X-ray picture of mummy of Egyptian woman in Chicago area. Field Museum collection, revealing that modern disease which show the appearance of the wood and attacked ancients. From a film made in the Museum's varieties of grains. These specimens are roentgenological laboratory. Nature Study Classes supplemented by photographs or repro- ductions of branches showing foliage, flowers grass mat was placed on top. The head was Approximately 65 scoutmasters and assist- or fruit; photographs showing the trees usually toward the south. Around the body ant scoutmasters of boy scout troops in the growing both under summer and winter were set jars of food and drink, tools and Chicago area attended a series of classes in conditions, and maps indicating the dis- weapons, and sometimes toilet requisites. nature study held at Field Museum between tribution. In the labels information is given The pit was then filled with sand and left February 28 and March 28. The course was as to the principal characteristics and physi- undisturbed until the advent of the archae- presented by lecturers of the James Nelson cal properties, and the chief uses for which ologist. and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation for is suitable. Children's Lectures. Its the wood The accompanying illustration is a roent- Public School and the scoutmasters for con- genogram of this pre-dynastic Egyptian aim was to train work the The model of the moon at Field Museum mummy. The specimen is on exhibition in ducting nature study among boys is the largest and most elaborate ever made. the Egyptian Hall (Hall J) of the Museum. enrolled in their troops. FIELD MUSEUM NEWS April, 1931 Page J,

FOUR MORE LECTURES of several chariots, oxen, and harnesses have APRIL GUIDE-LECTURE TOURS been found. IN SPRING COURSE Following is the schedule of conducted It has now been revealed that the Sassan- tours of the exhibits during April: Four more lectures in the fifty-fifth free ian of which was palace, discovery reported Week March 30 — 11 a.m., Africa course Field Museum remain beginning Monday: presented by in the March issue of Field Museum News, and Madagascar, 3 p.m., Physical Geology; Tuesday: to be given on Saturday afternoons during had a spacious open court with a fountain. 11 a.m., Animals of the Plains: 3 P.M., Peoples of the 11 3 American April. These lectures, by eminent explorers Brick columns with bases of glazed Pacific; Wednesday: a.m., Egypt, P.M., yellow Trees; Thursday: 11 A.M. and 3 p.m.. General Tours; and will be illustrated with naturalists, bricks have been discovered. Doorways Friday: 11 A.M., Crystals and Gems, 3 P.M., Indians of motion pictures and stereopticon slides. from the court lead into suites of rooms in the Plains. Week beginning 6 —Monday: 11 A.M., Pre- All lectures are given in the James Simpson which magnificent sculptures were recovered. April historic Life, 3 p.m., Industrial Models; Tuesday: of Theatre of the Museum, and begin at 3 p.m. These include heads women, flying angels, 11 a.m.. The Story of Early Man, 3 P.M., Birds and Following is the schedule of dates, titles, friezes of giants and animals, and plaques Their Nests; Wednesday: 11 a.m., Lizards, Past and 3 Musical and of lotuses and pomegranates. Present, p.m.. Instruments; Thursday: speakers: 11 A.M. and 3 p.m., General Tours; Friday: 11 A.M., — In the excavated 3 Chinese Art of the Past. April 4 Alaska previously neo-Babylon- Comparative Anatomy, P.M.,— Amos O. Berg, Ottawa, Canada ian temple glazed coffins containing gold Week beginning April 13 Monday: 11 a.m., Roman 3 Looms and 1 1 — jewelry have been found. Beneath this Exhibits, P.M., Textiles; Tuesday: A.M., April 11 Across Asia's Snows and Deserts Systematic Birds, 3 P.M., Tibet; Wednesday: 11 A.M., the has come the William J. Morden, Associate in Mammalogy, temple expedition upon Eskimo Customs, 3 p.m., American Archaeology; American Museum of Natural History, New top of a massive building believed to date Thursday: 11 a.m. and 3 p.m., General Tours: Friday: 11 3 American Mammals. York City from the age of Sargon of Accad, about a.m., Tropical Plants, p.m., Week beginning 20—Monday: 11 a.m., Melan- Tale of the Ancient Whale- 2700 B.C. This discovered April April 18—The newly building esia, 3 p.m., The Primates; Tuesday: 11 a.m., Animal man has walls eighteen feet thick. It is believed Families, 3 P.M., Mummies; Wednesday: 11 A.M., Fishing in Lands, 3 P.M., Indian Art; Thursday: Chester Scott Howland, Boston, Massachusetts to have been the Temple of Aruru and Many 11 A.M. and 3 P.M., General Tours; Friday: 11 A.M., was a ruin long before Nebuchad- April 25—A Close-up of Early America probably Man Through the Ages, 3 p.m., Marine Life. nezzar was king. Week 27 — 11 Iron, Gilbert E. Gable, New York City beginning April Monday: A.M., The present season is the ninth in which Coal and Petroleum, 3 P.M., Indians of the Northwest 11 The 3 Chinese No tickets are necessary for admission have been conducted at Kish. Coast; Tuesday: a.m., Grasses, P.M., operations Art of Today; Wednesday: 11 A.M., Work of Wind and to these lectures. More than 300 men are engaged in the work Water, 3 p.m., Madagascar; Thursday: 11 a.m. and this year. The expedition is financed on 3 p.m., General Tours. behalf of Field Museum Marshall Field, by Persons wishing to participate should CHILDREN'S ENTERTAINMENTS and on behalf of Oxford a of by group apply at North Entrance. Tours are free British —RAYMOND FOUNDATION philanthropists. and no gratuities are to be proffered. A new schedule will each in Field Four more of the free motion pictures of appear month services the spring series provided for children by Museum News. Guide-lecturers' NAVAHO HOMES of or more the James Nelson and Anna Louise Ray- for special tours by parties ten mond Foundation for Public School and are available free of charge by arrangement with the Director a in advance. Children's Lectures remain to be given on week Saturday mornings during April in the James Simpson Theatre of Field Museum. Follow- NEW MEMBERS ing is the schedule of dates and titles of films The following persons were elected to to be shown on each: membership in Field Museum during the April 4—The Story of Silk; Pineapples; period from February 17 to March 17: Life in a Undersea Pond; Partnerships; Associate Members The Life History of a Pearl. Harry C. Daley, Harry Eisenstaedt, Mrs. Alfred K. April 11—The Story of Asbestos; Fire- Foreman, R. W. Gerding, Harold J. Gordon, Mrs. E. M. W. making Without Matches; Drummers and William Brooks Greenlee, Mrs. Hill, George Hubbard, Charles W. Isaacs, Jr., Dr. Henry H. Klein- Boomers; Porcupines and Their Neighbors. A miniature model of winter and summer pell, Fred L. Mills, Thomas H. Monaghan, Kurt Richard M. Rosenwald, Mrs. Edward L. April 18—The Island of Sugar; Prodigal homes of the Navaho Indians of Arizona Rosenthal, Ryerson, Sr., Jesse D. Scheinman, J. E. Slocum, and New Mexico is on exhibition in Hall 6 Palms; Poor Butterfly; The Message of Robert Wheeler Swett, Kay Wood, Jr. of the Museum. As be seen in the the Flowers. may Members in the Sustaining April 25—In Batik Land; A Dyak Wedding; accompanying photograph, figures H. Belin Voorhees group are arranged to show the various Teak-logging in Siam; Elephants on Pa- Annual Members and pastimes these Indians rade; Wooden Shoes. occupations Elmer T. R. O. Mrs. W. McCor- such as Anderson, Berger, engage in, pottery making, weaving, mick Blair, Otto Frederick Carl, Charles F. Clyne, Each program is given twice, at 10 and shearing of sheep, gathering wood, gambling James Draper, Mrs. Joseph Feuchtwanger, Sr., Mrs. V. Mrs. Samuel H. D. 11 a.m. Children from all of (pole and hoop game), and other activities. Joseph Geyer, Harris, Fleming parts Chicago Mrs. G. Mrs. L. and are Hedges, Cyrus Hill, Harry Kelly, suburbs invited to attend. David W. Lockwood, Mrs. L. W. Macmillan. Mrs. Alfred T. Martin, Frederick H. Massmann, Mrs. Emil Stowaway Land Crab Mayer, Arthur L. Myers, Edward L. Olin, Miss Kathryn Rahm, George G. Roberts, Mrs. Theodore FURTHER TREASURES REVEALED While installing large corals, secured under Rosenak, Dr. Theodore Schaps, Mrs. W. W. Sherman, BY KISH EXCAVATIONS the sea near the Bahamas by the Field J. D. Sutherland, Miss Mattie E. Taberner, Leupold Temps, Miss Edythe C. Tourtelot, Theodore O. Weiss. Museum-Williamson Undersea Expedition, Priceless worn at the court jewelry of for a new exhibit in preparation at Field Nebuchadnezzar some in 2,500 years ago, mag- Museum, workers discovered a live Bahaman Museum hours April: Daily, 9 A.M. nificent sculptures of the Sassanian period land crab which had stowed away in the to 5 P.M. and tombs more (a.d. 226-637), royal than crates and thus stolen a ride to Chicago. have been discovered as a 5,500 years old, The crab itself is now preserved for use in MEMBERSHIP IN FIELD MUSEUM result of this season's excavations on the site the zoological collections. This is the first Field Museum has several classes of Members. of the ancient city of KLsh by the Field of a land crab in Benefactors give or devise $100,000 or more. Contribu- appearance Chicago by tors or devise $1,000 to Life Members Museum-Oxford University Joint give $100,000. Expedition such means in the experience of the Museum, give $500; Non- Resident (Life) and Associate Members to to re- Mesopotamia, according reports although the accidental dispersion of species pay $100; Non-Resident Associate Members pay $50. ceived from Professor All the above classes are exempt from dues. Stephen Langdon, of various living things is not uncommon. Sustaining director of the and L. C. Members contribute $25 annually. After six years they expedition, Watelin, become Associate Members. Annual Members con- director of excavations. tribute $10 annually. Other memberships are Corpo- and Solid gold ornaments are included Chinese Type in Museum rate, Honorary, Patron, Corresponding, additions among under these classifications being made by special action the treasures of the which Babylonian period A complete font of Chinese type, recently of the Board of Trustees. have been unearthed from the buried city, imported from China by Field Museum, has Each Member, in all classes, is entitled to free admission to the Museum for his Professor Langdon states. These, with other been added to the of the Division himself, family and equipment house and to two reserved seats for Museum jewelry of outstanding and guests, beauty artistry, of Printing. It is being used under the super- lectures provided for Members. Subscription to FIELD the time of represent Nebuchadnezzar. vision of Dr. Berthold Laufer, Curator of Museum News is included with all memberships. The courtesies of museum of note in Far below the of Nebuchadnezzar for work in connection every the United Temple Anthropology, special States and Canada are extended to all Members of have been found the Sumerian royal tombs with certain Museum publications where it Field Museum. A Member may give his personal card which Professor Langdon estimates date is necessary to present excerpts from Chinese to non-residents of Chicago, upon presentation of which they will be admitted to the Museum without back 5,500 years. Work of and literature in the Chinese characters, in addi- opening charge. Further information about memberships will exploring them has begun. The remains tion to giving their English translations. be sent on request.

PRINTED BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS liseum News Published Monthly by Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago

Vol. 2 MAY, 1931 No. 5

HABITAT GROUP OF GUANACOS IS PLACED ON EXHIBITION IN HALL 16

By Colin C. Sanborn found in South America, and these are like- will attack a person by striking from behind Assistant Curator of Mammals wise related to the guanaco. with both knees. A habitat group of the strange looking The guanacos of Patagonia collect in Before the white man came, the flesh like bison of guanaco has just been installed in the Hall herds of from five individuals up to about of this animal, the our western of American Mammal Habitat Groups (Hall three hundred. In winter (July, August, plains, was used by the Indians for food, its used for and 16). There are five specimens in the group, September) they go south to the timbered while skin was clothing one adult male, two adult females, and two and more hilly country where there is tents, but today it is being rapidly killed young. The animals were collected by the shelter from the cold winds and snow. They off to provide more pasture for sheep Marshall Field South American Expedition return north in the spring to the open raising. It is claimed that in one year a of 1926. pampas, and there the young are born, guanaco will eat as much as three sheep. its in the The guanaco is a member of the camel in November or December. There is only During migrations and rutting family. At one time it ranged over all the a single offspring. season the guanaco is charged with destroy-

Guanaco group on exhibition In Hall 16. Specimens collected by Marshall Field South American Expedition.

bare pampas country of South America, Guanacos are generally wild and shy, ing fences and otherwise damaging property. from the Straits of Magellan, north through especially when in large herds. The females The hides of the old animals seem to have the Argentine, and across the Andes into and young move off first at a brisk canter no market value today. The young, how- Chile, Bolivia, and Peru. Today it is most while the males slowly bring up the rear, ever, up to two weeks old are persistently common in the southern part of the Argen- turning now and then to face the enemy hunted down and the skins made into tine Republic (Patagonia). and uttering their shrill neighing challenge. "capas" or robes. At this age they are The llama and alpaca are domesticated A small herd of but four or five individuals called "chulencos" and from two weeks to a forms of the guanaco and are used as beasts is apt to stand and watch the intruder for a month old, "barbuchos," when they are of burden in northern Chile, Bolivia, and short time before running away. A curious worth but half the value of a "chulenco." southern Peru. The vicuna, which is found habit of the guanaco when running rapidly A good "chulenco" cape is worth about $15. only in the very high Andes, is smaller than is to stretch its neck and lower its head until This wholesale killing of the young each year the guanaco and has finer, silkier hair, which it almost touches the ground. Young gua- may soon exterminate the species. is woven by the Indians into various sorts nacos are easily tamed and make interesting The taxidermy on the Museum's group is of clothing. There are also a number of pets until they are grown. Then they by Julius Friesser of the staff, and the extinct forms of camel, fossils of which are become savage, especially the males, and background by Staff Artist C. A. Corwin.

Former Curator Dies Dr. Dorsey joined the Museum staff in Professor Record Views Progress 1896 as an assistant and became With deep regret members of the adminis- curator, Professor Samuel J. Record, Research Curator of in trative and scientific staff received news of Anthropology 1898, holding Associate in Wood Technology for Field that until 1915. did the death, on March 29, of Dr. George A. post He important Museum, and Professor of Forest Products work the American Dorsey, former Curator of Anthropology at among Indians, espe- at Yale University, visited the Museum last Field Museum. Many lasting and important cially among the Pawnee, and during his month to inspect the progress made in rein- contributions to the collections and publica- travels collected much material in Peru, stalling the timber exhibits in the Hall of' tions of Field Museum resulted from Dr. India, Ceylon, Java, Australia, New Ireland, North American Woods. He also formulated Dorsey's work at this institution. He was Buka, Bougainville, and New Guinea. Dr. plans to proceed with work necessary in the the leader of many Museum expeditions. Dorsey was 63. He died in New York. Hall of Foreign Woods. Page 2 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS May, 1931

Field Museum of Natural History seum. • In the years that have intervened June 4, 1920, the Museum was ready for this has been transformed into a beautiful within less than a Founded by Marshall Field, 1893 reopening year. park area which is being further improved. Great strides have been made in increasing Roosevelt Road and Lake Michigan, Chicago Grass, shrubbery and trees now adorn the the exhibition space in the Museum building landscape; broad well paved boulevards lead since 1921. Due to a vast program of re- OF TRUSTEES THE BOARD to the Museum from north and south; bus construction on the ground floor many Borden William H. Mitchell John transportation is available direct to the additional exhibition halls, not contemplated William J. c almers Frederick H. Rawson Museum wide sidewalks invite those in the have been created. R. T. Crane, j«c. George A. Richardson doors; original plans, Marshall Field Martin A. Ryerson who prefer to walk. The once solitary The exhibits themselves have been largely Fred W. Sarcent Stanley Field Museum building has been joined by two reinstalled or improved in various ways since Ernest R. Graham Stephen C. Simms — Albert W. Harris James Simpson sister scientific institutions the Shedd the building opened, and the additions of new Samuel Insull, Jr. Solomon A. Smith Aquarium and the Adler Planetarium. An- material to the exhibits have been extensive. V. Kelley Albert A. Sprague William other neighbor is Soldier Field with its great All other forms of Museum activity have Cyrus H. McCormick Silas H. Strawn William Wrigley, Jr. stadium. likewise seen great advances during these ten years. The number of expeditions has OFFICERS Huge Moving Operation been unprecedented. Many of these have President Stanley Field The of the from Jackson been organized on a larger scale than any Ryerson First Vice-President moving Museum Martin A. from this institution which them. Albert A. Sprague Second Vice-President Park was undoubtedly one of the largest preceded James Simpson Third Vice-President transfer operations ever seen anywhere. The explorations and collecting undertaken Stephen C. Simms Director and Secretary have Many months were spent on careful packing been broadened in scope, and widely A. Smith . . Treasurer and Assistant Secretary Solomon scattered remote of world of the priceless treasures in the collections to and parts the them in transit. Cer- have been searched for material. guard against damage An FIELD MUSEUM NEWS tain exhibition material required drastic outstanding step during the period was the of the educational Stephen C. Simms, Director of the Museum Editor treatment to make it ready for moving. practical doubling The African with trunk facilities provided for children by the crea- CONTRIBUTING EDITORS elephant elevated, from the group mounted by Carl E. Akeley, tion (in 1925) of the James Nelson and Curator Berthold Laufer of Anthropology had to have its head removed before it was Anna Louise Raymond Foundation for Pub- Curator Botany B. E. Dahlgren Acting of lic School and Children's Lectures. This O. C. Farrington Curator of Geology practicable to transport it. To protect the was made the endow- Wilfred H. Osgood Curator of Zoology heavy but fragile bones, the huge skeleton possible by $500,000 ment established Mrs. James H. B. H arte Managing Editor of the dinosaur from Fruita, Colorado, had generously by to be completely disarticulated and reas- Nelson Raymond. after arrival in — The N. W. Harris Public School Extension Field Museum is open every day of the year during sembled the new building of the has increased its work until the hours indicated below: a task of proportions comparable to the orig- Museum now its service of exhi- November, December, January 9 A.M. to 4 :30 P.M. inal mounting of the skeleton. Other large circulating traveling October 9 A.M. to 5:00 p.m. bition cases reaches 430 schools and February, March, April, skeletons required similar treatment. some May, June, July, August, September 9 A.M. to 6 :00 P.M. other institutions with an enrollment of The large model of the moon (nineteen Admission is free to Members on all days. Other more than 500,000 children. adults are admitted free on Thursdays, Saturdays and feet in diameter) had to be separated into 116 Sundays; non-members pay 25 cents on other days. sections, and reassembled at the new building More Lectures Given free on all Students and Children are admitted days. in order. Some of the exhibits More lectures in the spring and autumn members of educational institutions are admit- proper faculty of courses series been ted free any day upon presentation of credentials. moved numbered thousands specimens, and special have given of of which had to be at the in these ever The Library of the Museum, containing some 92,000 the identity each Museum ten years than volumes on natural history subjects, is open for refer- preserved, while their arrangement had to before, and attendance at these has reached ence daily except Sunday. be so systematized that they could be new pinnacles. Guide-lecture service for the are circulated in the schools of Traveling exhibits reinstalled in the same order. Protection public has been increased in scope and in Chicago by the Museum's Department of the N. W. Harris Public School Extension. from weather and dust was also essential. numbers of people served. The issue of Lectures for school classrooms and assemblies, and The month of May brings shudders to scientific publications, popular leaflets on at special entertainments and lecture tours for children many who have to, or have had to move scientific subjects, and other books and pam- the are by the James Nelson and Museum, provided their possessions from one apartment or phlets has been on a larger scale than at any Anna Louise Raymond Foundation for Public School and Children's Lectures. house to another. They can appreciate the previous time, requiring large additions to Announcements of courses of free illustrated lectures gigantic task that faced the Museum staff. the equipment and working force of the on science and travel for the public, and special lectures The moving involved 1,727 standing exhi- Division of Printing. Field for Members of the Museum, will appear in bition 98 disassembled These are but a few of achievements Museum News. cases, cases, 11,645 many boxes, crates, barrels, and packages, and 8,006 of the Museum during the ten years since it There is a cafeteria in the Museum where luncheon office left Park. into detail would is served for visitors. Other rooms are provided for pieces of furniture, general equipment, Jackson To go those bringing their lunches. and other objects. Once all the preparations require a large volume. Members are requested to inform the Museum were made, the actual moving was carried The Museum's plans for the future fore- of of address. promptly changes out with utmost dispatch. A large part of cast as great or greater strides forward in the transfer was made over the tracks of the the next ten years as in the past. Great proj- Illinois of track and ects further to increase and the ex- TEN YEARS IN THE NEW BUILDING Central, special spurs improve loading platforms being built up to the doors hibits are under way at the present moment. of both the old and new There All and Divisions of the Mu- The second day of May this year marks buildings. Departments were 321 car and the transfer seum are to the end that the the tenth anniversary of the occupation of freight loads, busily engaged of material rail was completed in 34 days. institution ever grow greater, and better the present building by Field Museum of by may The balance of the material was fill the needs of Chicago. Natural History. In looking back over the transported in 354 five-ton truck loads, and movement records of these ten years it is gratifying to was in 132 BEQUESTS AND ENDOWMENTS note the tremendous progress made in every completed days. channel of the Museum's activities. So carefully had the preparations been Bequests to Field Museum of Natural History may be made in securities, money, books or collections. The in the made that out of the hundreds of thousands foresight choosing present site, They may, if desired, take the form of a memorial to of not a one was lost or which is almost equally convenient from all specimens single a person or cause, named by the giver. For those desiring and the suffered was to make the form is : sides of the city, has been proved during misplaced, damage bequests, following suggested With material worth mil- this time by the attendance figures. During negligible. many FORM OF BEQUEST the more than of lions of dollars moved, the repairs for material twenty-five years occupancy / do and to Field Museum of including the replacing of broken hereby give bequeath of the old Jackson Park building the total damaged, Natural History of the City of Chicago, State of Illinois, number of visitors received at the Museum glass in exhibition cases, amounted to only was 5,839,579, while in the less than ten slightly over $4,000. The amount of glass the 1921 years from the opening of the new building alone which was moved, at prices, until the time of going to press with this was valued at more than $750,000. Cash contributions made within the taxable year to issue of the News (April 20) the total Due to careful planning and the assigning Field Museum not exceeding 15 per cent of the tax- of in the new in and number was 8,568,571. space building advance, payer's net income are allowable as deductions in com- When the new building was first opened then depositing material in the assigned puting net income under Article 251 of Regulation 69 to the income tax under the Revenue Act of it was the of an area of spaces arrival, it was possible to push relating solitary occupant upon 1926. bare, made land. The sur- through the greater part of the new installa- rough, newly Endowments may be made to the Museum with the looked almost like a devastated tion of exhibits in a remarkably short time, to the for life. roundings provision that an annuity be paid patron region in a war torn country. As yet only considering the magnitude of the work. These annuities are tax-free and are guaranteed against amount. crude roads and footpaths led to the Mu- Thus, with transfer operations concluded on fluctuation in May, 1931 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS Page 3

FOREST OF 350,000,000 YEARS AGO IS SUBJECT OF NEW MURAL PAINTING IN HALL 38

By Sharat K. Roy extensive root systems. Their trunks tapered stems, must have been much taller than Assistant Curator of Invertebrate Paleontology gradually and terminated in bushy crowns their modern dwindled descendants. of arched A large mural painting representing a long, gently fronds, spirally Of the less conspicuous plants represented forest of Devonian times has been installed in arranged. These fronds are shown in the in the painting, Psilophylon {psilon, smooth; in various of Ernest R. Graham Hall (Hall 38). The paint- painting stages development. phyton, stem) may be mentioned. These The Gilboa trees resemble the tree ing visualizes the diverse flora of this remote strongly grew in marshes from cylindrical, woolly ferns of modern period, approximately 350,000,000 years ago. tropical jungles. rhizomes that were attached by short, round with So far as known, these were the truly Interspersed the Gilboa trees grew rootlets. They were comparatively small a ancestor of the modern primeval forests, since in this period the giant clubmosses, plants, seldom exceeding six feet in height. the gradually expanding plant life first attained Protolepidodejidron (proto, first; lepis, Psilophyton may be considered transitional or as it is the size of trees. The representation of the scale; dendron, tree), Naples tree, between seaweeds and true land plants. due to its near forest is based chiefly on observations made commonly known, discovery The Devonian forest may have been en- from fossil specimens. Naples, New York. tirely devoid of insect life. However, since Prominently shown in the painting are The Naples tree attained a height of insects, like worms, are soft-bodied organ- large trees with bushy crowns, believed to twenty-five feet, and a diameter of nearly isms and therefore rarely found in the fossil be the oldest of all trees. They are com- a foot at the base. From this base rose a state, it is possible that crickets and katy- monly known as Gilboa trees, and technically straight trunk, tapering, at first rapidly, dids may have chirped in the Devonian then into called Eospermatopteris (eos, dawn; sperma, very gently, and finally dividing jungles, but have left no records of their seed; pteris, fern—thus, the dawn of seed slender, gracefully drooping, forked branches existence. ferns). They were first discovered in the to which the open, needle-like, persistent Another remarkable fact with regard to vicinity of Gilboa, New York, when an leaves imparted a feathery aspect. The this ancient flora is that none of the trees autumn freshet sweeping the upper valley Naples tree is the oldest of its kind known. show annual rings of growth. This was of Schoharie Creek exposed in the bedrock Also shown in the painting are Calamites doubtless due to the fact that the climate of the banks a series of erect or slightly (calamus, a reed), ancestors of our present was generally uniform and not subject to inclined stumps. One of these stumps day "horsetails" or scouring rushes. Fossil marked seasonal changes. The flora extended is now on exhibition in Graham Hall. evidences of these plants have been found from eastern North America through the Roots, foliage and seed-bearing capsules of in widely distributed areas. Arctic region to northwestern Europe. It the trees are preserved in the study collec- The Calamites grew in swamps, from stout, is obvious, therefore, that there was a land tion of the Department of Geology. underground rhizomes. They had hollow connection between North America and

Mural painting representing a Devonian forest, by Charles R. Knight. Presented by Ernest R. Graham and on exhibition in Hall 38.

Gilboa trees grew abundantly in shore or pithy stems which were divided into Europe during the period. muds bordering the Devonian Sea west of inequidistant nodes. The few branches were The painting is one of the nearly completed the present Catskill Mountains. They were placed in whorls. Leaves were short and series of twenty-eight presented to the majestic for their time, attaining heights up pointed, and also in whorls. The Devonian Museum by Ernest R. Graham. Charles R. to forty feet. They had bulbous bases, with Calamites, judging from the size of their Knight is the artist.

BURDOCK AND EVOLUTION no record of the occurrence of such a form of prehistoric man yet discovered anywhere in from Plaines in the has been received at Field By Paul C. Standley Europe. Specimens Des world, were sent to the Botanical of Museum of Natural from Associate Curator of the Herbarium Museum Berlin, History Ipswich, which owns probably the largest collection England, where they were found. These Are new plants originating today in the of European plants in the whole world; the tools were discovered as the result of excava- Chicago region? A curious burdock never Director reported that the plant was not tions made in a gravel deposit of Pliocene found elsewhere indicates that this may be represented in the Berlin collections. age by J. Reid Moir, well-known British the case. In the summer of 1930 William It seems probable, therefore, that the cut- archaeologist, who has been placed in charge F. C. Grams presented to the Museum speci- leaved burdock, which has been found only of certain investigations for Field Museum. mens of a strange burdock with deeply cut in northeastern Illinois and near-by Indiana, According to Henry Field, Assistant Cura- found at leaves that he had growing Des really has originated recently there, as a tor of Physical Anthropology, who worked Plaines, Illinois. The deep cutting made the mutation or sport from the common burdock. with Mr. Moir for a period last year, the in leaves very different appearance from If this is true, there is a paradox of a distinct gravel bed in which investigations are being of the those common barnyard burdock, form of a European plant that is unknown conducted was deposited about one million which is an immigrant from Europe. in Europe! years ago, and this indicates that the imple- Several years ago the same abnormal ments found there are approximately of the same date as the famous skull. burdock was described by Professor W. N. PREHISTORIC TOOLS RECEIVED Peking Clute, formerly of Joliet, as a new form, Coming from below the "red crag" or stratum Arctium minus f. laciniatum. Search made A collection of flint implements approxi- deposited by the first glaciation, the imple- this year in botanical books by the Depart- mately one million years old, representing ments apparently prove that man existed ment of Botany of Field Museum revealed the earliest definitely determined handiwork previous to the glacial period. Page i FIELD MUSEUM NEWS May, 19S1

EXPEDITION IN CHINA interweaving of many colors in a large num- MAY GUIDE-LECTURE TOURS PROGRESS ber of the pieces, make the textiles note- REPORTS Following is the schedule of conducted worthy. The figure of a dancing girl playing tours of the exhibits After a successful trip of about 2,000 her own accompaniment on a tambourine during May: miles into the interior from the — Shanghai, is almost modern in composition and is one Friday, May 1 11 A.M., Primitive Art, 3 p.m.. Field to Dinosaurs and Other Marshall Zoological Expedition of the most attractive pieces in the collection. Reptiles. Week 4— 11 Southern China has arrived in the mountains The bulk of this valuable collection was beginning May Monday: a.m., Asiatic 3 of trie South above Mouping in the province of Szechwan Animals, p.m., Peoples Seas; Tuesday: presented to the Museum by Ernest R. 1 1 A.M., Crystals and Gems, 3 p.m., Economic Plant the of rare animals for and begun collecting Graham. The other pieces were contributed Life; Wednesday: 11 a.m., Roman Exhibits, 3 P.M., Marine Field Museum. This was learned in a by D. G. Hamilton and others. Animals; Thursday: 11 a.m. and 3 P.M., General recent re- Tours: Friday: 11 a.m., Game Animals, 3 p.m., Melane- report, dispatched by courier, Almost all of the pieces are of linen, with sian Art. ceived from Floyd T. Smith, leader of the their ornamentation in tapestry, woven with Week n— 11 of the on beginning May Monday: A.M., Fishes, expedition. Large parts journey woo!. They date from early centuries of the Past and Present, 3 P.M., Eskimo Life; Tuesday: 11 A.M., the Yangtse River and its tributaries were Christian era. Included are children's and Indian Ceremonies, 3 p.m., Mummies; Wednesday: made in native hand-propelled boats, and 11 am.. Basket Makers, 3 P.M., Physical Geology; adults' garments, parts of mummy wrap- 11 a.m. and 3 General other stretches were made afoot. Thursday: P.M., Tours; Friday: long pings, a red wool hair net, bonnets and caps, 11 A.M., Birds of the Chicago Area, 3 P.M., Africa and Mr. Smith, who is from Long Island, ornamental panels and medallions, and other Madagascar. N. is the white man on the — Y., only expedi- textile products. The designs show a great Week beginning May 18 Monday: 11 A.M., Peat, tion. He is about Coal and Oil, 3 p.m., Egyptian Art; Tuesday: 11 AJ»., accompanied by forty variety of motifs, some illustrating the per- Jewelry, 3 p.m.. Prehistoric Life; Wednesday: 11 a.m., native hunters and skinners. A whole fleet sistence of native Egyptian art of earlier Chinese Exhibits, 3 P.M., Makers of Totem-poles; of the small boats was to paddled necessary periods, and others exemplifying the influ- Thursday: 11 A.M. and 3 P.M., General Tours; Friday: 11 South 3 Animals of carry his caravan up the Yangtse, Ya and ence of art. a.m., America, P.M., Economic Greek, Roman and Persian Value. Min rivers. On the land sections of the Week — journey native porters carried supplies. beginning May 25 Monday: 11 a.m., Story of the Horse, 3 P.M., Trees of the Chicago Area; Tues- An immediate object of the is SPECIAL NOTICE expedition day: 11 a.m., Animal Habitat Groups, 3 p.m., Pottery of the rare to collect specimens goat-antelope All Members of Field Museum who Makers; Wednesday: 11 a.m., Story of Early Man, called the takin, and one of these animals 3 P.M., Weavers; Thursday: 11 A.M. and 3 P.M., General have changed their residences or are Tours; 11 Rare 3 Mexico. has been Mr. Smith re- Friday: a.m., Animals, P.M., already obtained, planning to do so are earnestly urged of other kinds of Persons ports. Specimens many to notify the Museum at once of wishing to participate should animals have also been collected. at North their new addresses, so that copies of apply Entrance. Tours are free FIELD MUSEUM NEWS and all other and no gratuities are to be proffered. A new BUSHMAN COLLECTION RECEIVED communications from the Museum schedule will appear each month in Field reach them Museum News. Guide-lecturers' services A valuable collection of ethnological ma- may promptly. for special tours by parties of ten or more terial the Bushmen of Africa, Members going away for a period representing are available free of charge arrangement who are the most during the summer, who desire by probably primitive people with the Director a week in advance. in existence today, has been received at Museum matter to be sent to their Field Museum of Natural History as a gift temporary addresses, may have this from Arthur S. Veraay, of New York and service by notifying the Museum of NEW MEMBERS London. Mr. Vernay collected the objects the summer addresses and the dates The were elected to while leading the Vernay-Lang Kalahari between which they are to be used. following persons in Field Museum the Expedition of Field Museum, which recently membership during period from March 17 to April 16: returned to this country. Kish Season Closes The simple hunting culture of the nomadic Life Members Bushmen, against whom other African tribes The 1930-31 season of operations on the Max Epstein as well as European settlers have constantly site of the ancient city of Kish by the Field Associate Members is Museum-Oxford Joint waged war, completely represented. As University Expedi- Louis L. Becker, Edwin Bluthardt, Dr. Frank Cary, the part of the Kalahari Desert where this tion to Mesopotamia ended last month, it Arthur E. Chapman, Theodore Dickinson, James H. material was obtained is extremely difficult is reported by L. C. Watelin, field director Douglas, Jr., C. P. Dubbs, Kenneth P. Edwards, Walter L. Fisher, Mrs. J. Arthur Friedlund, H. B. of the culture is illustrated of the In the division with the access, Bushman expedition. Gear, Mrs. Marianna L. Griest, A. O. Hartmann, in a form unaffected by European influence. several cooperating institutions of the relics George J. Holmes, Mrs. Virginia H. Kendall, Arthur F. Mrs. Albert E. Mrs. Andrew Mac- Included in the collection are quivers and unearthed, the greater part of the treasures Klein, Leight, Maurice S. Mrs. William Harold ornaments found in the discovered Sassanian Leish, Marcus, Remy, poisoned arrows, bows, consisting recently F. Reynolds, Henry S. Robbins, Mrs. Walter J. Seifert, of ostrich-eggshell beads threaded to form palace (see Field Museum News, March George V. Wienhoeber. necklaces, girdles and head-bands, beaded and April, 1931) was allotted to Field Annual Members and an ostrich There Mr. Watelin states. The aprons, engraved egg. Museum, objects Mrs. William F. Babcock, Charles D. Boyles, J. W. is also a well-preserved Bushman skull, much brought to light, and the data collected, will Brashears, James F. Clancy, John A. Derham, Mrs. Seth C. N. A. Robert H. valued because of the difficulty of obtaining now be studied by Professor Stephen Lang- Drake, Ford, Gardner, Benjamin J. Glick, Miss anatomical director of the who will Mary Pomeroy Green, Adolph specimens. don, expedition, H. Hansen, Charles F. Henning, Mrs. James Hughes, interpret their archaeological significance. Mrs. Clara P. Knoke, Robert S. Leiser, Miss Mabel COPTIC TEXTILES INSTALLED McLaren, Mrs. John K. Notz, Mrs, W. Irving Osborne, Charles Rennolds Ostrom, Mrs. I. D. Rawlings, John Gifts to the Museum R. Mrs. Kenneth E. Fred William One of the two collections in this Reilly, Rice, Seip, largest F. Thiehoff, Roy E. Waite, Mrs. S. Arthur Walther, country of Coptic textiles from ancient Following is a list of some of the principal John L. Wilds, Mrs. Harry G. Wolff, Mrs. R. J. Wuerst, Walter H. Miss Edna Egypt has been placed on exhibition at gifts received during the last month: Wyszynski, E. Frank Young, — Zemon. Field Museum. Several hundred pieces are From Mrs. Charles K. Bassett 85 prehistoric arrow-— included, some of them almost points and knives, Oregon; from Charles Beckman 72 complete knives and others In prehistoric arrowheads, pendants, Washing- garments, fragmentary. display- ton; from L. K. Johnston—a prehistoric stone axe, MEMBERSHIP IN FIELD MUSEUM a method new to scraper and 3 arrowheads, Indiana; from Gilbert Sellers ing them, archaeological Field Museum has several classes of Members. —an ironstone concretion, Illinois; from E. B. Faber—a exhibits in museums has been adopted, Benefactors give or devise $100,000 or more. Contribu- fossil amblypod jaw, Colorado; from H. C. Eggers the entire collection in one tors give or devise $1,000 to $100,000. Life Members whereby appears —5 photographs illustrating desert phenomena; from give $500. Non-Resident (Life) and Associate Members huge architecturally built-in case 108 feet Dr. Charles E. Burt—113 specimens of frogs, toads, pay $100. Non-Resident Associate Members pay $50. of of of snakes, lizards and salamanders, Texas; from A. B. long, forming part one the walls the All the above classes are exempt from dues. Sustaining Scott—a prehistoric stone ear-plug, Arkansas; from Members contribute After six Egyptian hall (Hall J). The case is divided William B. Parmelee—3 used at the $25 annually. years tney paper carps boys' become Associate Members. Annual Members con- into a large lower section and a smaller festival, from Dr. and Mrs. C. E. Hellmayr— Japan; tribute $10 annually. Other are 226 butterflies and moths, Bavaria and Switzerland; memberships Corpo- upper section, and the display is made rate, Honorary, Patron, and additions from Emil Liljeblad —392 beetles, Idaho; from Von Corresponding, attractive the use of under these classifications made action especially by concealed Platen-Fox —a trunk of and a being by special Company tamarack, of the Board of Trustees. lighting. board of sugar maple, Michigan; from Edward Hines — Each in all is to The collection is representative of all Western Pine Company 2 boards (flat grain) of Member, classes, entitled free western from Richmond Cedar admission to the Museum for himself, his family and of textile and decorative larch, Oregon; Company phases making —a trunk and 2 boards of southern white cedar, house guests, and to two reserved seats for Museum design of the Coptic period in Egypt (first Virginia; from West Coast Lumbermen's Association— lectures provided for Members. Subscription to Field 4 Museum News is included with all The centuries of the Christian era), and includes trunk slabs, a wheel section and 2 boards of western memberships. red from Eastman-Gardiner Hard- courtesies of every museum of note in the United beautiful and rare which cedar, Washington; many examples wood Company—4 trunk slabs, a wheel section and 2 States and Canada are extended to all Members of possess highest artistic merit as well as great boards of sycamore, Mississippi; from Berst-Forster- Field Museum. A Member may give his personal card — to non-residents of archaeological interest. Not only the char- Dixfield Company a trunk, a wheel section and 2 Chicago, upon presentation of boards of from the Con- which they will be admitted to tne Museum without acter of the some of them paper birch, Minnesota; designs, being servator of Forests at Belize—62 samples of woods of charge. Further information about memberships will intricately woven pictures, but also the British Honduras. be sent on request.

PRINTED BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS News Published Monthly by Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago

Vol. 2 JUNE, 1931 No. 6

- WHEN MASTODONS AND MAMMOTHS ROAMED CHICAGO AND ITS ENVIRONS

By Elmer S. Rigqs the Chicago area as late as ten thousand region, or how long they lived here. They Associate Curator of Paleontology years ago. had among them, so far as is known, no traditions of A question often asked is, "How long is it One eminent authority believes that the these animals. They left no since Mastodons and Mammoths lived in Mastodon lived in North America after the implements in America carved of Mastodon and around what is now Chicago?" coming of the American Indian, and that or Mammoth bones or ivory, such as are It is estimated that the found in the Old World. They ice-sheet finally disappeared left no carvings or picture- from the "Wisconsin area" writings of these animals (including the site of such as decorate the cave- Chicago) some twenty dwellings of primitive man in thousand years ago. The western Europe. Therefore bones of Mastodons and we have no evidence that Mammoths are found in bogs the Mastodon or the Mam- and small lakes which were moth were ever hunted, or formed after the ice had that they were known to any melted away. Mastodon and race of primitive men about Mammoth bones now in Chicago. Field Museum which were We do know from abun- excavated near Minooka, dant evidence that both these Illinois, came from gravels races of extinct elephants around a spring left there by were very common through- the melting glacial ice. The out North America; that the animals had apparently come Mastodon came first and there for a drink, become that his race was well estab- mired in the bog around the lished here some millions of spring, and, unable to extri- years ago. We know also cate themselves, had sunk to that the Mammoths came their deaths in its bottom. later, from Asia; that both A Mastodon skull which the lived throughout the greater Museum obtained at York- part of the United States; ville, Illinois, came from and that both races died out black muck only eighteen on this continent after the inches below the surface, Ice Age and apparently long which would indicate that a after the ice had melted in Mural of Mastodon comparatively short length Painting this latitude. The region of time, geologically speak- One of the series of prehistoric studies by Charles R. Knight, on exhibition in Ernest R. Graham Hall about the southern end of ing, had elapsed for the Lake Michigan is one where remains of the animal to be covered to the red man doubtless had a hand in extermi- their fossil remains are very abundant. that depth. So, from this and many other nating it. This conclusion is largely based Therefore it may be said with full assurance evidences, it seems to be a safe conclusion on apparent probabilities. Nobody knows that these elephants roamed about Chicago that Mastodons and Mammoths lived in when the first Indians came to the Chicago only a few thousand years ago.

A PREHISTORIC NEEDLE of food for the Magdalenian hunter. Hence MR. AND MRS. MARSHALL FIELD By Henry Field there was time for relaxation, and this PRESENT LIONS AND FILMS Assistant Curator of Physical Anthropology resulted in the dawn of art. Field Museum received last month, as This beautiful bone needle, fashioned with A perfect bone needle, 25,000 years old, gifts from Mr. and Mrs. Marshall Field, a flint blade and drilled by a flint borer, is a has come to Field Museum as a result of five specimens of lions which they shot in witness to the advanced technique evolved the recent Marshall Field Archaeological and several thousand feet of motion by the Magdalenian hunter-artists more Africa, Expedition to Europe. This bone needle, picture film depicting wild life on that than twenty thousand years before the be- which is more than three inches in length, continent. ginning of the Christian era. is complete, and has as perfect an eye as The films, which were made by Mrs. if it had been made yesterday. It was made Field, contain especially good views of groups by a prehistoric Magdalenian craftsman, and Museum Cooperation in Jubilee of lions amid rock dens as well as in the open. was undoubtedly used for making clothes out An unusual and most interesting bit of Field Museum in the recent of reindeer skins. participated motion photography was achieved by Mrs. Chicago Jubilee by remaining open in the The needle was excavated by Jean Field in filming two cheetahs in action, these evening from 6 to 10 p.m. on Tuesday, Cazedessus in a rock shelter at Ganties in being among the most difficult of all animals May 12, at the request of the committee in the south of France, and was found asso- to photograph because they rank with the charge of the jubilee. Although the day ciated with implements of flint and bone, fleetest of mammals. was one when normally admission is charged, representatives of a cold-loving fauna, and The specimens and films, result from the during the evening hours the public was a culture. The recent hunting trip of Mr. and Mrs. Field typical Upper Magdalenian admitted free. entire results of these excavations were in Tanganyika Territory, British East Africa. acquired by the expedition. Included among the lions are a large full Museum Handbook in Press Field Museum has on exhibition near grown male, a female, and two cubs. The Stanley Field Hall the only complete Mag- A new Handbook of Field Museum, con- male is between nine and ten feet long, which dalenian skeleton in the United States. When taining in brief form general information is almost the maximum size attained by lions. It is maned. this young man was alive, western Europe concerning the institution, its history, its heavily was cloaked under a mantle of ice and snow. building, its exhibits, its expeditions, and The lion specimens are to be used in the Reindeer and other animals adapted to the its varied activities, is now on the press. It preparation of a habitat group which has desired for addition to the specialized life of a cold climate were will be published soon, and placed on sale long been Mu- abundant, and there was a plentiful supply at a nominal price. seum's African exhibits. Page 2 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS June, 1931

Field Museum of Natural History advantage of this and the other privileges report records also thirty-two kinds of frogs under and toads, two crocodiles, four Founded by Marshall Field, 1893 granted your membership. turtles, twenty-three lizards, and twenty-five snakes. Roosevelt Road and Lake Michigan, Chicago the snakes include some of the With the schools closing this month, it is Although most venomous kinds found in America, THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES gratifying to note that Field Museum's educational work for children has been they seldom are seen by visitors. John Borden William H. Mitchell From personal experience, the writer can William J. Chalmers Frederick H. Rawson carried on in full force and with noteworthy state that the comfortable on R. T. Crane, Jr. George A. Richardson results. The Department of the N. W. laboratory A. Ryerson Marshall Field Martin Harris of Field Barro Colorado is an ideal headquarters for Fred W. Sargent Public School Extension Stanley Field field and laboratory work, and that its sur- Ernest R. Graham Stephen C. Simms Museum has again circulated hundreds of made accessible Albert W. Harris James Simpson traveling exhibition cases among all the roundings, by well-kept Samuel Jr. Solomon A. Smith afford a field for Insull, schools, and and trails, fascinating study. William V. Kelley Albert A. Sprague public many parochial Cyrus H. McCormick Silas H. Strawn private ones as well, changing the exhibits William Wrigley, Jr. every two weeks, and reaching approximately Ancient Installment Buying OFFICERS 500,000 children over and over again through Evidence that something similar to the the school year. The James Nelson and Stanley Field President modern plan of "installment buying" may Anna Louise Foundation for Martin A. Ryerson First Vice-President Raymond have been in existence in ancient Egypt has Vice-President has Albert A. Sprague Second Public School and Children's Lectures been found in a collection of examples of James Simpson Third Vice-President continued all of its activities—Saturday Stephen C. Simms Director and Secretary Egyptian writing and writing equipment now entertainments for children at the Museum, Solomon A. Smith . . . Treasurer and Assistant Secretary on exhibition in Hall J of the Museum. In lecture-tours of the extension lec- exhibits, deciphering a number of inscribed tablets, in the before several hundred tures schools boards, limestone flakes and potsherds in FIELD MUSEUM NEWS classrooms and assemblies of and pupils, the collection, Dr. T. George Allen, Assistant C. Director the Museum Editor other work. Its statistics are not available Stephen Simms, of Curator of Egyptian Archaeology, came at this on a CONTRIBUTING EDITORS time, being compiled January upon one which proved to be a receipt for a to December basis, but it seems safe to series of made a man named Berthold Laufer Curator of Anthropology payments by that its record of more than B. E. Dahlgren Acting Curator of Botany predict reaching Pedikhonsu, in the year 30 of some Ptolemaic a of a million children a will O. C. Farrington Curator of Geology quarter year or Roman ruler of Egypt. The receipt Wilfred H. Osgood Curator of Zoology in 1931. It will soon announce be maintained seemed to imply that Pedikhonsu had of entertainments for H. B. Harte Managing Editor a summer series purchased something on the installment children. plan. Field Museum is open every day of the year during Included also in the collection are wooden the hours indicated below: BARRO COLORADO ISLAND tags for attachment to mummies in ship- November, December, January 9 A.M. to 4 :30 PJt By Paul C. Standley ment to living relatives, limestone tablets February, March, April, October 9 a.m. to 5:00 P.M. Associate Curator of the Herbarium May, June, July, August, September 9 A.M. to 6 :00 P.M. bearing legal documents and prayers, as well as the and used the Admission is free to Members on all days. Other Recently the Department of Botany deter- palettes pens by free on and adults are admitted Thursdays, Saturdays mined an important collection of plants scribes. Sundays; non-members pay 25 cents on other days. free on all Students and gathered last winter on Barro Colorado Children are admitted days. Russian Scientist Visits Museum faculty members of educational institutions are admit- Island, Panama, by Professor C. L. Wilson of credentials. ted free any day upon presentation of Dartmouth College. The most striking Dr. N. I. Vavilov of the Institute of Plant some The Library of the Museum, containing 92,000 feature of the collection was the fact that Industry, Leningrad, returning from a tour volumes on natural history subjects, is open for refer- it never found of Mexico and Central ence daily except Sunday. contained thirty-two plants America, recently before visited Field He has in an Traveling exhibits are circulated in the schools of on the island, and one, a Mimosa, Museum. press Chicago by the Museum's Department of the N. W. that represents a new species. Three lists important monograph upon cultivated Extension. Harris Public School of Barro Colorado Island plants have been plants, and consulted with the Staff of the and and Lectures for school classrooms assemblies, at various times the Museum to obtain information regarding entertainments and lecture tours for children at published by present special America. the Museum, are provided by the James Nelson and writer. economic plants of tropical Anna Louise Raymond Foundation for Public School In the North statements regarding the and Children's Lectures. wealth of plants and animals in the tropics Gifts to the Museum Announcements of courses of free illustrated lectures often are received with skepticism. Just on science and travel for the public, and special lectures Following is a list of some of the principal for Members of the Museum, will appear in Field how rich in animals and plants a tropical gifts received during the last month : Museum News. island can be is shown the recently issued by From Linus Long—2 ceremonial jade axes, Sung There is a cafeteria in the Museum where luncheon seventh annual report of the Barro Colorado and K'ien-lung periods, China; from Ralph M. Chait— is served for visitors. Other rooms are for provided Island Laboratory in the Panama Canal Zone. a large barrel-shaped pottery wine vessel, Han period, those bringing their lunches. and 2 containing Field Museum is one of nine institutions China, specimens chalcedony geodes Members are requested to inform the Museum water, Uruguay; from Frank von Drasek—40 specimens the Barro Colorado — promptly of changes of address. supporting Biological Arkansas minerals; from Joseph Comer lower— jaw of a Laboratory. This laboratory is directed by fossil beaver, Indiana; from R. M. Barnes a marcasite from Professor C. L. Wilson— the Institute for Research in Tropical concretion, Illinois; 131 herbarium specimens, Panama; from William C. EDITORIALS America, through Dr. Thomas Barbour. The Meyer—147 herbarium specimens, British Honduras; resident custodian of the laboratory, James from Ralph Hoffman—29 herbarium specimens, Santa House— Vacation time is here. Vacations offer a counselor and Cruz Island; from General Biological Supply Zetek, has been the patient 2 from Doctor Charles E. to make those deferred crayfish frogs, Louisiana; good opportunity long friend of almost every scientist who has Burt—29 snakes, lizards, frogs and toads, Texas; from visits to the Museum which so many people visited Panama in recent years. Doctor Frank J. Psota—6 damselnies, Mindanao, have planned, but put off during the year The Barro Colorado laboratory has be- Philippine Islands. on account of pressure of business or for come the chief center for research work in AND ENDOWMENTS other reasons. A day, or part of a day, of natural history in tropical America, and it BEQUESTS your vacation used in visiting the Museum is visited each year by increasing numbers Bequests to Field Museum of Natural History may will be well spent. If you have not made of scientists from the United States. It is be made in securities, money, books or collections. They may, if desired, take the form of a memorial to such a visit for a year or more, you will situated on an island of six miles square a person or cause, named by the giver. For those desiring find many new exhibits of great interest. in Gatun Lake, the shipping of the Panama to make bequests, the following form is suggested: has been done to make Everything your Canal passing directly before its door. FORM OF BEQUEST visit convenient. There are motor coaches The island has been set aside as a per- / do and to Field Museum of running direct to the entrance of the Museum manent reservation for the wild life of the hereby give bequeath Natural History of the City of Chicago, State of Illinois, (the No. 26, Jackson Boulevard line with region. It is covered with dense forest, com- free transfers to and from all other lines of posed of an inexhaustible variety of trees, the Chicago Motor Coach Company). Ample shrubs, ferns, orchids, and other plants, the free parking space is available for your own known species now numbering more than car. The Museum is open from 9 a.m. to 900 varieties. One of them is the famous Cash contributions made within the taxable year to 6 p.m. the summer months. There is whose flowers Field Museum not exceeding 15 per cent of the tax- during dove or Holy Ghost orchid, net income are allowable as deductions in com- cafeteria in the where luncheons payer's a building represent perfectly a white dove with out- puting net income under Article 251 of Regulation 69 may be obtained. spread wings. relating to the income tax under the Revenue Act of 1926. As a Member of the Museum you are The report lists forty-three mammals from Endowments may be made to the Museum with the entitled to or send and the island, including sloths, armadillos, tapirs, bring your family provision that an annuity be paid to the patron for life. friends, who will be admitted free on pre- porcupines, squirrels, pumas, ocelots, four These annuities are tax-free and are guaranteed against sentation of your personal card. Take full kinds of monkeys, and many others. The fluctuation in amount. June, 1931 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS Page 3

THE RETICULATED PYTHON Department of Anthropology, made a special RARE IDOL-LIKE FIGURE ADDED TO EXHIBITS trip, financed from the Marshall Field Fund, FROM ILLINOIS MOUND By Karl P. Schmidt to the Dakota Indian reservation at Pine Bv Paul S. Martin South Dakota. This was for the Assistant Curator of Reptiles Ridge, trip Assistant Curator of North American Archaeology purpose of obtaining casts, sketches, and The Old World include the In Field Museum pythons largest data to be used in the construction of a 1900, purchased, along extant species of snakes, and of them all the with some pottery and other archaeological projected life-size group for Hall 5, devoted reticulated of the East Indies is a stone carved from a python to the Indian Tribes of the Great Plains. material, "idol," piece much the largest. This form is said to of fluorite. This figure is now on display in The first few weeks of work on the Lowry reach a of while D. Hall It was length thirty-five feet, ruin will be devoted to the continuation of Mary Sturges (Hall 3). specimens twenty-five feet long or more are excavated in 1873 from an Indian burial the preservation of the rooms which were ex- impressively gigantic snakes. An example mound by Thomas M. Perrine, near Anna, amined last year. The walls of these rooms feet collected on the Union in southern Illinois. Since twenty-six long, Ogan were found to be in excellent condition, but County, River in Sumatra the Chancellor-Stuart- then it has become famous and is known by since the individual stones are held in place Field Museum Expedition to the South as the "Perrine image." by mud mortar only, it is necessary to pro- Pacific in is the of an exhibit The the work of the 1929, subject tect the mortar from weathering and disin- figure represents recently completed and installed in Albert ancient mound builders. Few such elabo- tegration by capping the top courses of W. Harris Hall (Hall 18) at Field Museum. rately carved pieces have been found by masonry with cement, and to point with The reticulated is a in Illinois. The idol python distinctively cement the lower courses so that the mud archaeologists repre- forest creature. It lies stretched out on the sents a human seated with the will not wash out. Walls cared for in this figure, right lower limbs of trees, and captures for food knee drawn up by the right hand towards manner will stand indefinitely, but if left both the tree-dwelling monkeys and the the chin, and the left leg folded under the unprotected will tumble down in four or five body. It is twelve inches high, and weighs years. Of course, when the Indians inhabited forty-two pounds. this large village, they probably applied fresh The carving of the features is executed mud mortar every season. After the aban- with remarkable skill, and is quite modern donment of the site, the wooden roofs, while in conception, although it is estimated the they lasted, prevented rains and snows from figure must have been made about 1,000 the while drifting sand damaging interiors, before set soon blew around the exterior of the rooms, years ago, long any Europeans foot in America. It is similar in proportions thus happily preserving the pueblo for and style to other stone figures and effigy modern study. When the walls have all been properly cared for, excavations will be resumed. It is hoped this season to continue work in one of the smaller kivas and perhaps in the large kiva. A kiva is a subterranean, cere- Reticulated Python monial chamber, wherein many sacred rites The specimen, when taken, concealed a clutch of 82 were performed, and it is perhaps the most eggs in her coils. A few of these are shown in the exhibit. important single portion of any village of terrestrial pigs, deer and other forest ani- the southwest, as its origins may reach back mals. Like the boas, pythons are powerful into considerable antiquity. constrictors, and kill their prey by the crush- Likewise, some digging will be done in ing action of their coils. the secular or living quarters, with a view Unlike the American boa constrictors, of gaining more knowledge of the everyday which bring forth living young, the pythons life of the ordinary individual. It is in the are egg-laying snakes. The mother snake living quarters that one is more likely to coils herself compactly around her eggs and find wooden roof beams, by the tree rings remains with them until they hatch. This of which the pueblo may be approximately habit evidently protects the eggs from ma- dated. rauding egg-eating animals, such as monitor One of the most puzzling problems of the lizards and mongooses, which abound in the Lowry ruin is the fact that no burial ground Malayan forests. The first of the young has yet been discovered. The village must snakes to hatch may even return to their have been occupied for some time, perhaps eggshells for a few days for shelter until the a century or more, and yet not a single grave whole mass is abandoned by the parent has been found. Since it is from burial snake. Very few other species of snakes mounds and rubbish heaps that archaeol- care for their eggs in this manner. ogists glean most of their knowledge of the The Museum's exhibit is a reproduction past, further search will be made for the in cellulose-acetate of the twenty-six foot burial ground of the Lowry ruin. specimen obtained by the Chancellor Expedi- tion. The which was financed expedition, Hebrew Educator at Museum and led by Philip M. Chancellor of Santa The "Perrine Image" the a for between the Barbara, California, brought Museum Arrangements cooperation Prehistoric figure carved in fluorite, from an Indian second specimen only slightly shorter than Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Field burial mound in southern Illinois. the other. The reproduction was made by Museum were completed during a visit to pottery which have been excavated at vari- Taxidermist Leon L. Walters, who has devel- the Museum made by Dr. Julius Magnes, ous places in the Mississippi-Ohio area, and a for this of work. of the university, on 8. Dr. oped special process type president May illustrates well the art of Magnes consulted with members of the highly developed the prehistoric Indians. EXPEDITION TO SOUTHWEST scientific staff, and formulated plans for of and RESUMES OPERATIONS exchange specimens publications Visits Museum between the two institutions. Japanese Royalty The Field Museum Expedition to the Their Imperial Highnesses, Prince and Southwest, which worked through the sum- Princess Takamatsu of Japan, attended Lectures for Girl Scouts by mer of 1930 (see Field Museum News, their suite, were visitors at Field Museum June, July, September, November, 1930) has A group of Girl Scouts from Oak Park and on May 12. They were received by the resumed operations for the season of 1931. Berwyn, under the leadership of Mrs. A. J. Director, and conducted on a tour of some Led by Dr. Paul S. Martin, Assistant Cura- Kudrna, was given a course of lectures on of the most interesting exhibits. Other tor of North American Archaeology, it left nature study last month by lecturers of the members of the party were Commander T. Chicago late in May to continue work on James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Yamagata, Master of Ceremonies; Madame the site of the Lowry ruin in southwestern Foundation for Public School and Children's Ochiai, Lady-in-Waiting; S. Kato, Counsellor Colorado, upon which extensive excavations Lectures. Classes were held in the Museum of the Japanese Embassy at Washington; were made last year. The expedition is on four Saturdays, and talks given covered Dr. T. Sakamoto, physician; Lieutenant- financed from income derived from the Julius the birds, trees, wild flowers and mammals Commander K. Midzuno, Aide-de-Camp; * and Augusta Rosenwald Fund. of the Chicago area. The course was designed Yoshio Muto, Japanese Consul at Chicago, En route to Colorado, Dr. Martin, accom- to equip the girls to pass examinations for and Commander Zacharias, United States panied by Modeler John G. Prasuhn of the special scout honors. Navy. Page i FIELD MUSEUM NEWS June, 19S1

BONGO SPECIMENS RECEIVED organic matter, such as spent tan bark, are JUNE GUIDE-LECTURE TOURS uncertain and often destructive. Methods FROM CAPTAIN WHITE Following is the schedule of conducted depending upon the use of corrosive gases From Africa there arrived at Field Mu- tours of the exhibits during June: and liquids form patinas that are not as last month five of the Week 1 — 11 Indians seum specimens bongo, pleasing in color as might be desired. Accu- beginning June Monday: a.m., the rarest and handsomest of all of the Northwest, 3 p.m.. Trees of the Chicago Area; one of rate imitations of patina can be secured by The animals were sent by Cap- Tuesday: 11 a.m. and 3 P.M., General Tours; Wednes- antelopes. the use of colored lacquers and waxes, but day: 11 a.m.. Chinese Art, 3 p.m., Musical Instruments; A. White of New York and 11 tain Harold as these are imitations they are not much Thursday: A.M. and 3 P.M., General Tours: Friday: John Coats of who are lead- 1 1 A.M., Eskimo Exhibits, 3 P.M., The Cat Family. Major London, favored in the large museums. ing an expedition, financed by them jointly, Week beginning June 8—Monday: 11 a.m., Rare in behalf of the Museum. Animals, 3 p.m., Physical Geology; Tuesday: 11 A.M. THE NESTING OF THE and 3 p.m.. General Tours; 1 1 a.m., Habitat The bongos will be used in the near future Wednesday: HUMMINGBIRD Groups, 3 p.m., Looms and Weaving; Thursday: in the preparation of a new habitat group. 11 A.M. and 3 P.M., General Tours; Friday: 11 A.M., By Colin C. Sanborn' For years specimens of these animals have Marine Life, 3 P.M., The Story of Man. Assistant Curator of Mammals been desired at the Museum, but none of Week beginning June 15—Monday: 11 a.m., Workers the institution's previous expeditions to The smallest feathered architect of the in Metals, 3 p.m.. Oils and Fibers of Economic Value; Tuesday: 11 a.m. and 3 p.m.. General Tours; Wednes- Africa have been fortunate enough even to Chicago area is the ruby-throated humming- day: 11 A.M., Prehistoric Life, 3 p.m., Roman Culture; is bird come within sight of the elusive creatures. bird. It the female of this tiny which Thursday: 11 A.M. and 3 P.M., General Tours; Friday: Included among those sent by Captain White not only broods, feeds the young, and starts 11 a.m.. South America, 3 P.M., Systematic Birds. is a huge bull which is close to the record them on their way in the world, but builds Week beginning June 22—Monday: 11 a.m.. North size ever obtained by any hunter. the nest before their coming. The male seems American Mammals, 3 P.M., Indians of the Southwest; Tuesday: 11 a.m. and 3 P.M., General Tours; Wednes- The is a beast of reddish to all his energy in a very acrobatic bongo giant expend day: 11 A.M., Peoples of the South Seas, 3 P.M., Gems brown color with numerous vertical white and Jewelry; Thursday: 11 a.m. and 3 p.m.. General stripes on its body. Full-grown bongos Tours; Friday: 11 a.m.. Egypt, 3 P.M., African Animals. weigh from 400 to 600 pounds. The group Week beginning June 29 —Monday: 11 a.m., Mexico, of them was the most important objective 3 P.M., Reptiles, Past and Present; Tuesday: 11 A.M. and 3 P.M., General Tours. of the expedition, although there have also been obtained of Colobus mon- specimens Persons wishing to participate should and various other keys, rhinoceros, eland, apply at North Entrance. Tours are free animals. the is an Hunting bongo extremely and no gratuities are to be proffered. A new to Dr. Wilfred H. difficult task, according schedule will appear each month in Field often Osgood, Curator of Zoology. One must Museum News. Guide-lecturers' services crawl on hands and knees for distances long for special tours by parties of ten or more dense wet forest through extremely deep are available free of charge by arrangement while areas on the higher mountains track- with the Director a week in advance. ing it. The chief habitation of the animal centers around Mount Kenya and neigh- boring peaks. NEW MEMBERS Captain White has notified the Museum The were elected to that he and his associates not only obtained following persons in Field Museum during the the specimens, but were also successful in membership period from April 17 to 16: making the first motion and still photographs May ever taken of living bongos. Life Members

Walter S. Carr, Scott S. Durand PATINA ON ANCIENT BRONZE Hummingbird's Nest By H. W. Nichols Associate Members Photograph is approximately natural size. The speci- Associate Curator of Geology men is 1 H inches long, 1 >£ inches wide, 1 H inches deep Dr. Samuel W. Chavis, Duncan L. Clinch, Howell on the and inch inside. This is a W. Miss Frances Rail ton, Dr. William M. The more ancient among the antique outside, ?s deep Kitchell, fair average size. Scholl. Mrs. Frederick W. Spiegel, Miss Josephine bronzes and coppers which are being restored Stockton. by an electrolytic process in Field Museum, back and forth before courtship, flying Sustaining Members now possess, upon completion of the treat- the female in a great U-shaped arc, and Mrs. Maude ment, a good natural patina. The patina of displaying his bright-colored throat for her Staley a bronze is the thin coating which the bronze benefit. Annual Members acquires in the course of time through a The nest is placed in a crotch or astride Miss A. Berlizheimer, Mrs. Rollin T. Chamber- slight oxidation of its surface from exposure a small from four to feet from Lily limb, twenty lin, Mrs. D. F. Cleary, J. H. Clemer, C. Groverman to the atmosphere. The patina, when well the ground. It is made of downy fibers Ellis, Mrs. R. V. Fletcher, Miss Maude Gordon, Mrs. formed on a bronze of good composition, has from ferns and milkweeds, and silky fila- M. A. Griffith, Fred C. Holmes, John Hayes Kelly, Charles F. Keyser, Sr., Raymond. H. Koch, George an attractive color, texture, and luster, and from willows and which are ments poplars, Kort, Howard L. Krum, L. L. lAzelle, A. L. Letter- it is highly prized. bound together by spider or tent-caterpillar mann, George Russell McVay, Edward F. Moore, Mrs. J. P. The antique metal treated at Field webs. As it is built, the outside is covered Treadway B. Munroe, Miss fda Peirce, Pfeifer, Daniel C. Plummer, Jr., John W. Shaver, Mrs. Museum when first a of bark so when has, received, heavy* with lichens and bits that, Paul Amandus Thomas, Ernest H. Thompson, Mrs. crust composed of a mixture of soil with the completed, it appears to be a knot or growth E. H. Waterman, R, .swell B. Whidden, Rudolph L. products of corrosion of the bronze. When on the tree. The female shapes the nest with Wild, Mrs. James D. Woolf, Mrs. Joseph W. Young. Mrs. H. Zitzewitz. this is removed by electrolysis the bright her body while arranging the material with surface of the metal is exposed. Any origi- her bill and feet. The nest measures about nal patina, if not already destroyed by one and a half inches in diameter and MEMBERSHIP IN FIELD MUSEUM corrosion of the buried will be fair bronze, about the same in depth. With weather, Field Museum has several classes of Members. removed with the crust. In several years' it usually takes about a week to build. Benefactors give or devise $100,000 or more. Contribu- • tors or devise to Life Members study of the problem methods have been The two elliptical, white eggs, about the give $1,000 $100,000. give $500. Non-Resident and Associate Members based on minor modifications of size of a are laid a or so (Life) developed, navy bean, day pay $100. Non-Resident Associate Members pay $50. details of the electric treatment, by which apart and hatch in from eleven to fourteen All the above classes are exempt from dues. Sustaining the metal surface is left in such a sensitive days. The young remain in the nest from Members contribute $25 annually. After six years they become Associate Members. Annual Members con- state that it will acquire naturally in a few fourteen to days. twenty-eight tribute $10 annually. Other memberships are Corpo- hours a patina that it takes years for a The young are fed by regurgitation, on rate, Honorary, Patron, and Corresponding, additions normal bronze surface to take on. nectar from flowers and on small insects under these classifications being made by special action of the Board of Trustees. This method of patinating bronze is still which are caught on the wing. Each Member, in all classes, is entitled to free in the stage. At it is The breeds in this in development present ruby-throat region admission to the Museum for himself, his family and uniformly successful only with the most late May and early June, and sometimes house guests, and to two reserved seats for Museum ancient bronzes. It is expected that further raises a second brood in August. It arrives lectures provided for Members. Subscription to Field Museum News is included with all The will so the that it will in and leaves in memberships. study develop process early May September. courtesies of every museum of note in the United be effective on bronzes of more recent origin. Of the eighteen hummingbirds found in States and Canada are extended to all Members of Replacing lost patina on bronze has long North America, the ruby-throat is the only Field Museum. A Member may give his personal card to non-residents of been a in museums. Methods of one in the east. It breeds from Chicago, upon presentation of problem occurring which they will be admitted to the Museum without obtaining the patina which depend on bury- Labrador to Florida and west to North charge. Further information about memberships will ing the bronze for a long time in decaying Dakota, Nebraska, and Kansas. be sent on request.

PRINTED BY flELO MUSEUM PffCSS Field Museum News Published Monthly by Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago

Vol. 2 JULY, 1931 No. 7

LIFE-SIZE RESTORATION OF TITANOTHERES IS PLACED ON EXHIBITION

By Elmer S. Riggs This is the first time an attempt has been They were related on the one hand to the Associate Curator of Paleontology made by scientists to reproduce in full-size horse family and on the other to the rhinoc- A life-size restoration of gigantic titano- three-dimensional form amid natural sur- eroses, but they differed from both of these theres—extinct animals which resembled roundings a group of these great beasts. In in many ways. They died out suddenly rhinoceroses in appearance, but were as tall the work the sculptor has had the advice of millions of years ago. In recent years and bulky as elephants—has just been placed Professor Henry Fairfield Osborn, President numerous fossil skeletons of them which have on exhibition in Ernest R. Graham Hall of of the American Museum of Natural History, been covered up by sands and clays have Historical Geology (Hall 38). The group, a New York, and Professor W. K. Gregory of been found in the Bad Lands of Nebraska and gift to the Museum from the Dakotas as the bones Mr. Graham, is the work have been washed out by of Frederick A. Blaschke, rains and streams. sculptor of Cold Spring- The largest titanotheres on-Hudson, New York, attained a height of more who also made the restora- than eight feet and tion of the Neanderthal weighed fully as much as family and the Mesohip- African elephants. Their pus which have now been legs were massive, and on exhibition in the same their feet were padded hall for some time past. like those of elephants. The group of titanotheres Splendid fossil specimens is composed of three are preserved in Field animals—an enormous Museum and in a number male in standing position, of other museums through- a female, and a young out America. titanothere lying down. Transportation of the A background reproduc- life-size models of these ing the supposed natural huge creatures from the habitat of these huge sculptor's studio at Cold beasts has been provided, Spring-on-Hudson to this being the work of Chicago offered a unique Charles A. Corwin, staff problem. They were artist of the Museum. brought in motor trucks, The titanotheres were but many detours had to great two-horned beasts Restoration of Titanotheres be made on account of low which were abundant in bridges and the tremen- Life-size group prepared Blaschke, on" exhibition in Ernest R. Graham Hall, the Bad Lands of Ne- by^Frederick dous height of the male braska and the Dakotas model. Even with these about 30,000,000 years ago, according to Columbia University, who are among the detours, it was necessary to cut off the hump scientific estimates. The animals, as restored foremost authorities on prehistoric life, as of the standing animal model temporarily, in the Museum's exhibit, are modeled to well as Curator of Geology Oliver C. Farring- and to release all air from the truck tires to get show them as it is indicated by fossils they ton of Field Museum, and the present clearance for the load under certain bridges. must have appeared in life. The male figure writer. Mr. Blaschke personally rode the trucks to was constructed from measurements and The titanotheres lived in wet marshy supervise the safe transit of the models. studies of a fossil skeleton in the Museum lands and fed upon plants. They were once A large mural painting of a group of of Yale University; the female from a skele- almost as abundant as bison were when titanotheres, by Charles R. Knight, also ton in the American Museum of Natural white men first explored America. Their presented by Mr. Graham, has been added History, New York; and the young one from two blunt horns were placed side by side to the series of prehistoric scenes on the a skeleton in the University of Wyoming. on the nose and served as offensive weapons. walls of Graham Hall.

Received Totems for Exchange or Sale the United States Army Air Corps parade Argali Sheep feature of the recent Three of the or After having selected types of totem poles, on the lake front, a specimens Argali Hodg- was ex- son's a mountain animal difficult house posts and grave posts representing Chicago Jubilee. This attendance sheep, very the Alaskan Eskimos and Northwest Coast ceeded on only one previous day in the to obtain, have been received at Field — the Museum of Natural as a result of Indians for its exhibits in Hall 10, Field Museum's history May 24, 1929, when History the the Museum has left a number of excellent number of visitors was 59,843. expedition to Sikkim (on Tibetan conducted for the C. similar specimens for which no use can be border) Museum by of ani- found here due to the lack of It is Suydam Cutting New York. The space. Honors Dr. Laufer believed that these would be of value to University mals were encountered at high altitudes in the and were shot Mr. other institutions or to private collectors, Dr. Berthold Laufer, Curator of Anthro- mountains, by Cutting himself. He was a and negotiations as to their disposal either pology at Field Museum, received an honor- accompanied by of native hunters. The sheep are by exchange or sale are solicited. Those ary degree of Doctor of Laws from the party somewhat similar to the rare Marco Polo who might be interested are invited to cor- University of Chicago during the June com- also found in of which the respond with the Director of the Museum. mencement exercises at the The sheep, Asia, university. Museum has mounted which were honor was in recognition of the important specimens obtained Colonel Theodore Roosevelt and work he has performed in Asiatic research. by 51,917 Visitors in One Day Kermit Roosevelt while leading the James Field Museum was visited by 51,917 per- Simpson-Roosevelts Asiatic Expedition. sons on May 21. This vast number of The many important economic products skeleton of the extinct people came to the Museum largely as a of palm trees, with specimens from the trees An assembled great result of the fact that Grant Park was themselves, are the subject of a Museum auk, huge bird which once inhabited North is on exhibition at the thronged that day with spectators viewing exhibit. America, Museum. Page 2 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS July, 19S1

Field Museum of Natural History same location on the ground floor as the old and continued for several more columns in the room is inside. A at the Founded by Marshall Field, 1893 one, everything large new, special checkup Museum and even the ceiling has been reconstructed on the day of publication revealed that at Roosevelt Road and Lake Michigan, Chicago of a soundproof material which produces a least 3,000 of the 15,655 visitors who came far quieter and pleasanter atmosphere for that day were influenced to do so this THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES by the diners. During the reconstruction a article, while many more, concerning whom John Borden William H. Mitchell smaller temporary room was fitted out and no definite information was obtainable, also William J. Chalmers Frederick H. Rawson R. T. Crane, Jr. George A. Richardson used so that there would be no interruption probably came as a result of this publicity. Marshall Field Martin A. Ryerson in service to the public. A few weeks previously the Museum was Field Fred W. Sargent Stanley An attractive and at the same time in- given a full advertisement in the Ernest R. Graham Stephen C. Simms page Albert W. Harris James Simpson structive scheme of decoration has been Chicago Evening American through the cour- Samuel Insull, Jr. Solomon A. Smith adopted in the new cafeteria. On the walls of of the publisher of that newspaper. Albert A. Sprague tesy William V. Kelley the room have been of the This in which must Cyrus H. McCormick Silas H. Strawn painted large maps page, printed large type, William Wrigley, Jr. continents—North America, South America, have attracted the attention of most of the Africa, Europe, Asia and Australia—and newspaper's hundreds of thousands of OFFICERS on one wall appears a map of the world readers, emphasized the cultural advantages Stanley Field President as a whole together with maps of the Arctic offered by the Museum. Martin A. Ryerson First Vice-President These Albert A. Sprague Second Vice-President and Antarctic regions. These provide a are outstanding recent courtesies James Simpson Third Vice-President pleasing decoration in light pastel colors, extended by the press of the city to the Director and Stephen C Simms Secretary and at the same time they suggest the world- Museum. It should be added that all of Solomon A. Smith . . . Treasurer and Assistant Secretary wide scope of the expeditions and other the Chicago newspapers are constantly co- activities of the Museum, and the vast operating with the institution by publishing FIELD MUSEUM NEWS sweep of lands and seas from which have news of its activities, and there can be no been its collections of exhibited that this is reflected in Stephen C Simms, Director of the Museum Editor gathered question publicity material. The rest of the color scheme is in the increasing number of visitors the Mu- EDITORS CONTRIBUTING two pleasing shades of green, with trim of seum receives. Berthold Laufer Curator of Anthropology harmonious woods and marble, and an Curator B. E. Dahlgren Acting of Botany attractive and comfortable floor to Nebraska O. C. Farrington Curator of Geology covering. Expedition Colorful new tables and new blue Wilfred H. Osgood Curator of Zoology chairs, An expedition to collect fossil mammals new silverware and other table service, H. B. Harte Managing Editor china, of Miocene age (19,000,000 to 23,000,000 all enhance the created. pleasant atmosphere years ago) in various parts of Nebraska left The most modern and complete equipment Field Museum is open every day of the year during Chicago June 6 on behalf of Field Museum. for electric and dish- the hours indicated below: cooking, refrigeration Elmer S. Riggs, Associate Curator of Paleon- 9 A.M. to 4 :30 P-M. has been installed. of the November, December, January washing Operation tology at the Museum, is the leader. Other February, March, April, October 9 A.M. to 5:00 P.M. cafeteria in the hands of the has been placed members of the Museum staff in the May, June, July, August, September 9 A.M. to 6 :00 P.M. party John R. Thompson Company, whose wide- are James and is free to Members on all Other Bryan Patterson, Quinn Admission days. spread interests and long experience in the adults are admitted free on and Sven Dorf. The expedition is sponsored by Thursdays, Saturdays whose com- Sundays; non-members pay 25 cents on other days. restaurant business, and large Marshall Field. Localities never before Children are admitted free on all Students and with its extensive days. missary buying power, investigated by a Field Museum expedition faculty members of educational institutions are admit- assure the cafeteria of obtaining the best will ted free any day upon presentation of credentials. be the scene of operations. foods and selling them at reasonable prices. The Library of the Museum, containing some 92,000 volumes on natural is for refer- The cafeteria is open daily after 11 a.m. history subjects, open Gifts to the Museum ence daily except Sunday. Since its opening on June 8 it has been Traveling exhibits are circulated in the schools of patronized by many persons who have Following is a list of some of the principal the Museum's of the N. W. Chicago by Department their admiration of the gifts received during the last month: Harris Public School Extension. graciously expressed new facilities and the of service being From Mrs. Margaret S. Fitch —5 ethnological speci- Lectures for school classrooms and assemblies, and quality mens, Portuguese East Africa: from Frank Vondrasek— entertainments and lecture tours for children at rendered. special 68 prehistoric arrowheads, Magnet Cove, Arkansas; tne are the James Nelson and As the Museum makes avail- Museum, provided by previously, from Mrs. Frances Cowles Badger—globular stone jar Anna Louise Foundation for Public School Raymond able also accommodations for children and with band of incised designs, California; from Professor and Children's Lectures. Sir Flinders Petrie— hair from other persons bringing their own lunches. 2 samples Egyptian Announcements of courses of free illustrated lectures mummies of Roman from Jesus Gonzalez The with tables and chairs for period; on science and travel for the public, and special lectures room many Ortega—200 herbarium specimens, Sinaloa; from Frank for Members of the Museum, will appear in Field this purpose has also been improved. Those Schoble and Company— 17 samples of men's straw Museum News. hats and from Frederick Blaschke using these facilities have the privilege of — hat-making materials; There is a cafeteria in the Museum where luncheon model of the horse Man o' War, one-fifth natural supplementing their lunches with coffee, — of is served for visitors. Other rooms are provided for size; from William J. Chalmers group crystallized at a of Zool- those bringing their lunches. tea, milk, and other things purchased cuprite, Arizona; from Museum Comparative ogy— 198 sea urchins (13 and North are to inform the Museum special counter provided in this room. For species), Europe Members requested America; from A. A. Dunbar Brander— 17 birdskins of changes of address. the benefit of the thousands of school children promptly and 2 mounted birds, Scotland; from John G. Shedd who come to the Museum, special reduced Aquarium—a marine iguana, a geographic turtle and a tree from Robert M. —22 9 snakes prices have been placed on the beverages and frog; Zingg lizards, and a Chihuahua; from Doctor K. K. Chen—5 NEW IMPROVED CAFETERIA sold in this room. The welfare toad, other things Japanese toads; from T. M. Whitson—a green snake, SERVES MUSEUM VISITORS of the children is assured by the purity of Illinois; from Captain R. J. Walters—a large scorpion fish and a from Professor the foods and drinks, and the cleanliness of large shark sucker, Florida; Representing another effort on the part T. D. A. Cockerell—2 shells (cotypes), New Caledonia; the service. — of Field Museum to serve the comfort and from Henry Field 80 lantern slides, Egypt and the A special lunch room has been provided for Near East. convenience of the public, the Museum's the scientific and administrative staffs of cafeteria, completely remodeled, redecorated the Museum. This room has been equipped BEQUESTS AND ENDOWMENTS and equipped with the most modern facilities, to permit of luncheon conferences to discuss opened again last month with a new con- Bequests to Field Museum of Natural History may Museum business when required. Its walls be made in books or collections. cessionaire in charge of its management. securities, money, are attractively decorated with enlarged They may, if desired, take the form of a memorial to This has been done at great expense, and a person or cause, named by the giver. For those desiring reproductions of designs from a codex of once again, as has been the case with so to make bequests, the following form is suggested: the Aztecs, the original of which is in the many of the improvements made in the FORM OF possession of the Vatican. It connects with BEQUEST Museum, the burden of its cost and the the pantry of the main cafeteria and is / do hereby give and bequeath to Field Museum of work of planning for it have been borne by served from there. Natural History of the City of Chicago, State of Illinois, Mr. Stanley Field, the Museum's President. The cafeteria has in the past few years NEWSPAPER COOPERATION become an increasingly important adjunct to the Museum, due to the ever increasing Field Museum has recently received two Cash contributions made within the taxable to numbers of visitors, of whom so many are especially valuable pieces of publicity due year Field Museum not 15 cent of the tax- in the at lunch time. The to the interest of the publishers of Chicago exceeding per always building payer's net income are allowable as deductions in com- improved facilities now offered make possible newspapers. On Sunday, June 14, the puting net income under Article 251 of Regulation 69 a much more efficient and satisfactory Chicago Tribune published a comprehensive relating to the income tax under the Revenue Act of 1926. handling of crowds. article about the institution, prepared by Endowments may be made to the Museum with the The remodeling has resulted in a com- its noted staff writer, James O'Donnell provision that an annuity be paid to the patron for life. pletely new cafeteria of a type unique in Bennett. This began with a full column These annuities are tax-free and are guaranteed against institutions of this kind. While it is in the on the first page of the main news section, fluctuation in amount. July, 1931 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS Page 3

IDEAS OF MANHOOD IN drummers played continuously for several VOLCANIC BOMBS WEST AFRICA hours, almost to the point of my exhaustion By Henry W. Nichols and their own. knows that these By W. D. Hambly Everyone Associate Curator of Geology weird figures are the boys who disappeared Assistant Curator of African and leader of Volcanic bombs do not explode, although Ethnology for initiation some eight weeks ago, but Frederick H. Rawson-Field Museum Ethnological they fall from such height that they can do everyone pretends that the has been Expedition to West Africa village much damage when they hit the earth. They visited by the ochigangi, or spirits of the In many primitive societies boys are not have a curious origin. A volcano in violent dead. The garbed figures dance wildly here allowed to grow gradually into manhood. eruption throws melted lava high in the air. and there, occasionally darting about to The adult stage is attained only by passing Most of it is torn to fragments by the vio- disperse a group of women and girls who through ceremonies which lence of the eruption and falls as volcanic invariably impose run screaming to the bush. many restraints and much physical suffering. ash and scoria. Occasionally a lump of lava Several complete costumes, including When at Cangamba in the far east of in a semi-fluid state is thrown so high that masks, were obtained, which will, in due Angola, with the Frederick H. Rawson- it has time to cool enough, before falling to course, be exhibited in Hall D, devoted to Field Museum Ethnological Expedition to the earth, to retain the form impressed upon African ethnology. West Africa, my attention was called to a it during its aerial travel. Such a mass large enclosure built of brushwood in such during its ascent and descent spins rapidly. a way that the interior was entirely screened AMAZON WOODS EXHIBITED The rapid revolution forces the plastic mass to assume the form which vol- from passers-by. It was for the boys' initia- A collection of two dozen planks repre- spindle by canic bombs are The outside of tion ceremonies, which are held only once in senting the principal species of woods of recognized. the mass chills so that it has a four years. With some difficulty I obtained economic importance which are obtained rapidly thin glassy glaze. The inside cools more admittance, chiefly because I was able to from the Amazon valley has been placed slowly and have the of lava. say that I was not a government official, on exhibition in the Hall of Foreign Woods may aspect stony the molten lava is satu- and was thus enabled to witness parts of (Hall 27). These specimens were obtained Usually, however, rated with dissolved and in the ceremonies. in the state of Para, Brazil, by the Marshall gases steam, which case the inside of the bomb is The first stage in the initiation proceeding Field Botanical Expedition to the Amazon. porous and resembles or the inside of a loaf is the approach of a group of young boys to According to Dr. B. E. Dahlgren, Acting pumice of bread. The resemblance to bread is more the elders of the village asking that such Curator of Botany, who was leader of the marked in the breadcrust of volcanic initiation may take place. The ceremony is Amazon Expedition, no region on earth has variety bomb which has a surface reticulated essential as a prelude to marriage; moreover, vaster forest areas or is more prolific in by shallow cracks such as on bread crust. the uninitiated boy is regarded as a child who species of trees than the Amazon valley. appear This is due to contraction from may never be a companion of the initiated. More than a thousand kinds, almost twice cooling. The recent Marshall Field to On entering the enclosure I found five as many as exist in all of North America Expedition Mount added a number of boys apparently varying in age from twelve above the Rio Grande, have been described Taylor specimens to the volcanic bomb collection in Clarence to seventeen years. Each boy had to make from the state of Para alone. In the pres- Hall for himself a mask of bark cloth which is ence of such a wealth of forest resources Buckingham (Hall 35). painted black and white. The masks are a notable development of lumbering could Museum's Chief Dies newly made for each initiation ceremony, but be expected. However, while a considerable Printing the netting fiber costumes had evidently seen export business both in logs and cut lumber U. A. Dohmen, for more than thirty-five long service. does exist, it is with some surprise that one years Chief of the Division of Printing of Usually the boys live for two months in discovers that the local utilization of wood Field Museum, died on May 21. Mr. this enclosure. During this period each boy is confined to a few dozen kinds at most. Dohmen was born December 24, 1874, and has to spend fourteen days continuously For the names of some of these woods began his work for the Museum in 1895. lying on his back in a small cage built from the native Indian designations have been Starting with hand-set type, foot-operated branches of trees. The long seclusion is retained. Thus one encounters a variety of printing press, and himself as the only marked by semi-starvation and flogging; in strange and sonorous terms like massaran- printer, Mr. Dohmen developed the plant fact there are deaths among the boys from duba, muirapiranga, araracanga, piquiarana, in his charge into a large one with modern time to time. sapucaia, tatajuba, marupa—words, some- typesetting, printing, binding and cutting The message sent to the parents of a boy one has said, made to order for the naming machinery, and a staff of numerous workers. who has died under this treatment has a of Pullman cars. His devotion to his duties and the great touch of pathos. The wooden food platter The woods to which they are applied are success he made of the printing plant, were used by the deceased is sent to the parents as different as their appellations. Some are greatly appreciated by the administrative after it has been perforated, so as to suggest distinguished for their beautiful or unusual officers of the Museum, and his death repre- that it will be of no further use. color, some for peculiar grain, characteristic sents a serious loss. About the time of my departure from striping or bizarre markings; others for light- Dewey S. Dill, for several years an assist- Cangamba, all the newly-initiated boys were ness and excellent working qualities or for ant of Mr. Dohmen's, has been placed in presented at a village feast. Four expert solidity and resistance to wear and exposure. charge of the Division of Printing. GOOD FOOD AMID PLEASANT SURROUNDINGS PROVIDED FOR MUSEUM VISITORS

Field Museum's New Cafeteria

View of part of new lunchroom looking toward the serving counter. Improved facilities make possible quicker and more efficient service for large numbers of people. See editorial on page 2. Page k FIELD MUSEUM NEWS July, 19S1

RAYMOND FOUNDATION Professor Langdon further reports that JULY GUIDE-LECTURE TOURS of two Persian palaces of the Sassanian PROGRAMS Following is the schedule of conducted period found on the site of Kish this season, tours of the exhibits during July: The James Nelson and Anna Louise one has a court shaped like the nave of a 1 —11 A.M., Man Through the Ages, Foundation for Public School and Christian church, with a "choir" at the back. Wednesday, July Raymond 3 P.M., The Horse and Its Relatives; Thursday: 11 A.M. Children's Lectures offers a summer series The building suggests the influence of the and 3 P.M., General Tours; Friday: 11 a.m., Birds of of free entertainments for children, to be famous sect of the Manichaeans, he says. Shores and Swamps, 3 P.M.,—Egypt. presented at Field Museum during July and So striking is its resemblance to a Christian Week beginning July 6 Monday: 11 a.m., Palms and Cereals, 3 P.M., Industrial Models; Tuesday: 11 There will be six be- cathedral that one is led to question descrip- August. programs, A.M. and 3 P.M., General Tours; Wednesday: 11 A.M., ginning with one on Thursday, July 9, and tion of the building as a palace, except for Dwellers of the Far North, 3 P.M., Plant and Animal running on consecutive Thursdays up to the fact that four busts of a Sassanian king Life of Long Ago; Thursday: 11 a.m. and 3 P.M., General Tours; Friday: 11 A.M., Textiles, 3 p.m., Sea Life. and including August 13. were found in the ruins, and the mural Week beginning July 13—Monday: 11 a.m., Rare are in decorations show no religious motifs what- The programs varied character, and Exotic Plants, 3 p.m., Africa and Madagascar; including motion pictures, story hours, and ever. Tuesday: 11 AM. and 3 P.M., General Tours; Wednes- tours of certain sections of the exhibits day: 11 A.M., Mummies and Burial Customs, 3 p.m., Gems and 11 A.M. and 3 P.M., lec- Jewelry; Thursday: conducted by Raymond Foundation THE SEA ROBIN General Tours; Friday: 11 A.M., Trees and Wood Prod- turers. The motion pictures and the story By Alfred C. Weed ucts, 3 p.m., Weapons and Armor. — 11 hours will be presented in the James Simpson Assistant Curator of Fishes Week beginning July 20 Monday: A.M., Reptiles 11 and 3 Theatre of the Museum. and Fishes, 3 P.M., China; Tuesday: A.M. P.M., Many fishes have received the name "fly- General Tours; Wednesday: 11 a.m., Primitive Musical is the schedule: Instruments, 3 P.M., Mines and Minerals; Thursday: Following ing fishes." Some of them can make long 11 A.M. and 3 P.M., General Tours; Friday: 11 a.m., 9—10 motion "With at July a.m., picture: Byrd gliding jumps through the air. Others never Indians of Plains and Deserts, 3 p.m., Asiatic Animals. the South Pole." leave the water of their own accord and Week beginning July 27—Monday: 11 A.M., Boats 16—10 A.M., story hour: "Giants of Long Ago"; July are called fliers because have and Fishing, 3 P.M., Work of Wind and Water; Tuesday: 11 tour: Prehistoric Animals and simply they AJf., People. 11 AM. and 3 P.M., General Tours; Wednesday: 11 A.M., large fins. In the latter group we find some July 23—10 am., tour: Chinese Exhibits; 11 A.M., Oriental Theatricals, 3 p.m., Primitive Costumes; motion picture: "Glimpses of China." creatures that have also been called "sea Thursday: 11 AJf. and 3 P.M., General Tours; Friday: 11 African 3 Past July 30—10 A.M., motion picture: "The Silent robins" because they have long, winglike AJI., Game Animals, P.M., Mexico, Enemy." and Present. August 6—10 A.M., story hour: "Children of Many Persons wishing to participate should Lands"; 11 tour: Exhibits Showing Child-life. AJI., apply at North Entrance. Tours are free August 13—10 AJI., tour: Animals of Land and and no gratuities are to be proffered. A new Water; 11 AJt., motion pictures: "Alligators," "Alaskan Sheep," "Bears," "Animals of the Galapagos," "Lions schedule will appear each month in Field at Home." Museum News. Guide-lecturers' services for tours of ten or more Children from all parts of the city and special by parties suburbs are invited to these entertainments, are available free of charge by arrangement with the Director a week in advance. and no tickets are necessary for admission. In addition to those coming individually, large groups organized in various community The Sea Robin NEW MEMBERS centers are expected. Reproduction exhibited in Albert W. Harris Hall. The following persons were elected to membership in Field Museum during the fins and usually show much red color on period from May 17 to June 16: KISH ANTIQUITIES ARRIVE the body. On our coasts they are found from Maine to the Gulf of Mexico. Associate Members boxes of Twenty-one stuccos, sculptures, In European waters some of the sea robins Miss Ruth D. Bannister, Oliver A. Blackburn, Dr. jewelry and other treasures excavated from Walter L. Blomgren, John F. Cuneo, Mrs. C. W. are called gurnards. There they are common Mrs. Albert Mrs. Olive C. ruins of from the McLaury, J. Metzel, Sleeper. the Kish, including objects food fish but are not so used in this country. wliich were discovered on Annual Members Persian temples Most of ours are small and would furnish the site of the ancient city by the Field Marshall Frank Barrett, Mrs. Grace L. Cowan, Miss very little meat. Louise K. Mrs. Clarence L. Frederick, Dr. Museum-Oxford University Joint Expedi- Dittmar, In an aquarium the sea robins are among William W. Gibbs, J. Roberts Harm, Mrs. George tion to its 1930-31 Mrs. A. N. Mrs. Marshall Mesopotamia during the showiest species. Their colors are bril- Francis Hartford, Hauter, received at the W. Hill, Mrs. Robert L. Holmes, Miss Edna Gray season, have been Museum. liant. are almost in motion They always Johnson, Frank Johnson, Meyer Kestnbaum, Maurice Professor Stephen Langdon, director of and spread their immense pectoral (arm) fins Leigh, Dr. Thomas McGuigan, E. E. Mclnnis, Rev. E. the expedition, reports various archaeological in all sorts of strange ways. Ordinary fishes Jesse L. McLaughlin, S. D. McNeal, Clarence Arthur M. M. discoveries which have an do not seem to make much use of their Mehlhope, Nichelson, Stephen Paddock, may important Samuel Schweitzer, Eben Stanley, Charles F. Thomas, bearing in reconstructing the history of the side fins, but the sea robin waves them Mrs. H. Tifft, William M. Tippett, Mrs. Joseph Triner, world's earliest civilizations. Among these around in the most unexpected manner. One John Tuthill Walbridge, Mrs. G. Albert West, Mrs. Thomas Y. Wickham, Gerald T. Wiley, Lawrence M. was the finding of a seal of the early Indus fin be folded like a fan while the other may Williams, Donald M. Wood, Robert M. Zacharias, Valley, which was buried nine meters below is spread like a great umbrella. One may Tytus Zbyszewski. the surface of the mound covering the great be spread out horizontally in an almost per- temple area of Kish. It bears an inscription fect imitation of a certain type of airplane New Guidebook To Be Issued of seven hieroglyphs of a type previously wing while the other is spread as widely The fifteenth edition of the General Guide known from excavations at Mohenjo-Daro but pointed straight downward. All the to Field Museum will be shortly. and Harappa, representing the prehistoric while there is a continual flow of color published Revisions cover made in but advanced civilization of India. This is changes over the whole fish. All sorts of important changes the exhibits the the first time that one of these seals has been bronzy tints in reds, browns, purples and golds during past year. found in situ in a pre-Sargonic stratum in come and go as body colors and as surface Mesopotamia, according to Professor Lang- washes. MEMBERSHIP IN FIELD MUSEUM It found with an inscribed don. was object When the fish comes to rest on the bottom Field Museum has several classes of Members. with a cuneiform text, which can be dated we have another surprise. The three lower Benefactors give or devise $100,000 or more. Contribu- its script at about 2800 B.C. of the fin on each side are tors give or devise $1,000 to $100,000. Life Members by rays pectoral Non-Resident and Associate Members from the rest and look like give $500. (Life) "It is therefore clear that the great civi- separated long pay $100. Non-Resident Associate Members pay $50. lization now recovered in India and entirely skinny fingers. They are as movable as All the above classes are exempt from dues. Sustaining Members contribute After six until recent times is ex- fingers and are used just as freely. When $25 annually. years they unsuspected very become Associate Members. Annual Members con- the distance is not too the fish tremely ancient," states Professor Langdon. great may tribute $10 annually. Other memberships are Corpo- "It further appears that a race, related to walk on them just as a crab walks on the rate, Honorary, Patron, and Corresponding, additions under these classifications 'made action the who had founded a tips of its legs. If the fish wishes to rest being by special Sumerians, great of the Board of Trustees. civilization in India before 3000 B.C. had quietly on the sand it may dig a shallow Each in all is entitled to free with these same It also Member, classes, close commercial relations with Sumer and pit fingers. may admission to the Museum for himself, his family and Elam in that remote period. They may poke and prod around in the sand in search house guests, and to two reserved seats for Museum even have invaded Mesopotamia, for the of something to eat. lectures provided for Members. Subscription to Field Museum News is included with all memberships. The of palace decorations of the old Sumerian A very fine specimen of one the larger courtesies of every museum of note in the United palace at Kish have revealed a race of kings sea robins has been received from the John States and Canada are extended to all Members of Field Museum. Member his card and whose dress and tonsure are G. Shedd and has been reproduced A may give personal prisoners Aquarium to non-residents of Chicago, upon presentation of totally unlike those of the Sumerians. They in celluloid by A. G. Rueckert of the Museum which they will be admitted to the Museum without wear the pigtail tonsure, and surely indicate staff. It is now on exhibition in Albert W. charge. Further information about memberships will be sent on a foreign invasion." Harris Hall (Hall 18). request. PRINTED BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS News Published Monthly by Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago

Vol. 2 AUGUST, 1931 No. 8

GREAT ANTEATERS OF SOUTH AMERICA ON VIEW IN NEW HABITAT GROUP By Wilfred H. Osgood serving only as an opening through which board bill runs to high figures. To supply Curator, Department of Zoology to protrude its long, extensile tongue and it with all the insects it needs reaches a The latest addition to the Hall of American draw in its insect food. cost rivaling that of the tons of hay for Mammal Habitat Groups (Hall 16) is an That such a large animal should be wholly the elephant. exhibit showing the great anteater amid a sustained on a diet of ants and termites Teeth are unnecessary for an anteater and reproduction of its natural habitat. This seems incredible, but this is the case. Al- they have been entirely eliminated, but the group was completed and animals are provided with opened to public view last unusually large salivary month. glands which supply a The great anteater, viscid secretion to assist which ranges from south- the effectiveness of the ern Mexico to southern tongue. The long, heavy Brazil, is one of the claws of the front feet are queerest of the many used mainly for tearing queer beasts inhabiting open the ant and termite the American tropics. It nests, but when necessary is peculiar in appearance, can be used very effec- in structure, and in habits. tively in defense. For One of its names is ant this reason the anteater bear, perhaps on account is held in very great of its large size and shaggy respect by local hunters coat, but it is not even and also by such preda- remotely related to bears. cious animals as the jaguar It belongs to that rather and the puma which are anomalous group of mam- usually inclined to give it mals called edentates, of a wide berth. Many a which the known extinct good hunting hound has species are much more been literally disem- numerous than those now boweled by a powerful living. It is one of three sweep of these claws. principal kinds of ant- The Museum's group eaters in South and Cen- was obtained by Colin C. tral America. The other Sanborn, Assistant two are the medium sized Great Anteater Group Curator of Mammals, tamandua and the much Exhibit in Hall 16 of animals obtained by Marshall Field South American Expedition while a member of the smaller silky anteater, Marshall Field South both of which are highly arboreal in habits. though this must be regarded as strong testi- American Expedition of 1926. The animals The grotesque appearance of the great mony as to the abundance of these insects are shown in the light forest or semi-savanna anteater is largely due to its very long and in the countries to the south of us, it is still of southwestern Brazil where the physical very narrow head which is actually six times stronger as to the efficiency of nature's conditions are those they prefer. They may as long as wide. In other words, it is longer machine for capturing them in large quan- also occur about the edges of heavy, humid than that of a very large grizzly bear and tities. The great anteater has sometimes forests but do not penetrate far into them. scarcely wider than that of a jackrabbit. been kept alive successfully in zoological The taxidermy is by Julius Friesser and the The mouth is reduced to very small size, gardens, but it is an expensive pet, for its painted background by Charles A. Corwin.

MUSEUM EXPEDITION RETURNS Among the specimens brought back are death rites; large ear-plugs of jade weighing FROM MAYA LANDS a number of sets of human teeth with inlays more than three ounces each; jade amulets; of jade. The practice of drilling and filling the contents of a child's grave, including The Third Marshall Field Archaeological teeth with jade and other ornamental stones various toys such as dolls with whistles; and Expedition to British Honduras and Guate- was a common one among the ancient peculiar flint implements shaped like scor- mala, which had been in the field since Mayas, according to Mr. Thompson. Ap- pions, dogs, human beings and other February, concluded its work and returned parently it was purely for personal adorn- creatures. to the Museum in June. Collections of ment, and there was no dental hygiene idea rare and curious objects, and many new behind it, he says. Certain old women Museum Member's scientific data on both the ancient and developed great skill in the work, and prac- Cooperation modern Mayas were brought back by J. tically all of it was done by them. They The interest taken in the Museum by Eric Assistant Curator of Thompson, Cen- were kept almost constantly busy at it, old many of its Members is exemplified by a tral and South American Archaeology, who records indicate. Drilling was done with a recent occurrence. Work on the restoration was leader of the expedition. sharpened stone drill or file, turned by a of a Carboniferous forest, now in course of Reconnaissance research and work was string bow. The operations must have been preparation for Ernest R. Graham Hall, had conducted the at by expedition several points extremely painful, but apparently were re- proceeded to a stage where it was necessary in British Honduras and Guatemala, and on garded as an ordeal to be endured as a to procure a certain kind of peat to simulate a site near San Jose in western British Hon- proof of Spartan-like fortitude, or as part of the mucky soil. As only a certain variety duras fifteen burial mounds were excavated. the ceremonies for initiation of youths into of peat, not readily available, would do, this Before the excavations could proceed, Mr. manhood. threatened to be a matter of considerable and his assistants had the ardu- other Thompson Among objects brought to the expense and difficulty. However, when ous task of clearing the site of a heavy Museum by Mr. Thompson are skulls show- C. N. Ackerman, an Associate Member, of forest in which were trees the results of the overgrowth ing practice of deformation heard of the difficulty he at once presented reaching as high as 100 feet. The site is by binding planks to the forehead during the Museum with several hundred pounds one which had hitherto been untouched by childhood; bowls containing skulls of per- of the necessary peat from his property in archaeologists. sons who had been the victims of sacrificial Antioch, Illinois. Page 2 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS August, 19S1

Field Museum of Natural History course is given for the benefit of a limited The famous race horse was selected to number of while the silent course the of Founded by Marshall Field, 1893 students, represent highest development the offered a museum hall will reach modern horse in the Museum's series of Roosevelt Road and Lake Michigan, Chicago by many hundreds and thousands of people daily. models illustrating the evolution of the horse it is a a from a four-toed animal about the size of a THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES Moreover, permanent institution, visual demonstration of facts and data cat, through the various stages of develop- John Borden William H. Mitchell lectures on ment to the William J. Chalmers Frederick H. Rawson accompanied by printed labels, present day. R. T. Crane, Jr. George A. Richardson while the class room instruction naturally The model of Man o' War is the work of Marshall Field Martin A. Ryerson is transient and evanescent and lacks the Frederick of Cold W. Blaschke, sculptor Spring- Stanley Field Fred Sargent has Ernest R. Graham Stephen C. Simms actual demonstration of culture objects, on-Hudson, New York, who presented Albert W. Harris James Simpson models, and groups. it to the Museum as a gift. It is one-fifth Solomon A. Smith Samuel Insull, Jr. At present eighteen large halls are installed actual size, and was made from life by Mr. William V. Kelley Albert A. Sprague Blaschke after o' Cyrus H. McCormick Sn-As H. Strawn with labeled exhibits in the Department of shortly Man War's retire- William Wrigley, Jr. Anthropology of Field Museum. These ment from the turf. cover all of the world and With the addition of the model of Man o' OFFICERS parts represent the equivalent of eighteen lecture courses, War, the Museum's horse evolution exhibit Stanley Field President which is far more than all shows six stages of development. The dis- Martin A. Ryerson First Vice-President university depart- Albert A. Sprague Second Vice-President ments of anthropology combined are able play begins with the Eohippus or "dawn James Simpson Third Vice-President to offer. Any visitor to the Museum who horse," which had four toes on the fore feet Stephen C. Simms Director and Secretary is determined to study these collections care- and three on the hind feet. It grew no Solomon A. Smith. . . Treasurer and Assistant Secretary fully case by case and to digest the informa- tion given on the labels will receive a liberal FIELD MUSEUM NEWS education in anthropology and a thorough

Stephen C . Simms, Director of the Museum Editor knowledge of the cultural achievements of mankind. CONTRIBUTING EDITORS The label is the bond that links the Berthold Laufer Curator Anthropology of with the label be B. E. Dahlgren Acting Curator of Botany Museum public. A may O. C. Farrington Curator of Geology very concise, consisting of only a line or Wn-FRED H. Osgood Curator of Zoology two, and yet it will embody the results of H. B. Harte Managing Editor long and painstaking research and consider- able thought. Field Museum is open every day of the year during It is hoped to publish a guide for each of the hours indicated below: the halls. Three such guides have already November, December, January 9 A.M. to 4 :30 PM. been issued, and a fourth is in press now. February, March, April, October 9 a.m. to 5:00 P.M. series of May, June, July, August, September 9 A.M. to 6 :00 P.M. The object of this handbooks is to furnish the to the collec- Admission is free to Members on all days. Other synthesis analytic adults are admitted free on Thursdays, Saturdays and tions, to present a survey of the region or non-members 25 cents on other Sundays; pay days. culture in question and to depict in particular Children are admitted free on all days. Students and its social reli- faculty members of educational institutions are admit- geographical, historical, and ted free any day upon presentation of credentials. gious background. These booklets are amply Man o' War The of the some Library Museum, containing 92,000 provided with illustrations, maps, and Model of famous race horse presented to Field volumes on natural history subjects, is open for refer- bibliographies, and are gotten up in an Museum by the sculptor, Frederick Blaschke, and ence daily except Sunday. added to series evolution of horse. attractive style. illustrating Traveling exhibits are circulated in the schools of of all resources are thus the Chicago by the Museum's Department the N. W. While supplied by than a and lived about Harris Public School Extension. larger cat, 55,000,000 Museum for an intensive study and appre- to Dr. Oliver C. classrooms and and years ago, according Lectures for school assemblies, ciation of all phases of human cultures, the entertainments and lecture tours for children at Farrington, Curator of Geology. Next is special is not content with the mere the Museum, are provided by the James Nelson and Department shown the Mesohippus, a three-toed horse Anna Louise Foundation for Public School role of of its Raymond disseminating knowledge about the size of a collie dog, which lived and Children's Lectures. but it is also to a science, eager perform about 35,000,000 this Announcements of courses of free illustrated lectures years ago. Following distinct service to the public. The practical are on science and travel for the public, and special lectures a slender-limbed small desert horse, of value of the art of and oriental for Members of the Museum, will appear in Field primitive 19,000,000 years ago; a larger one-toed Museum News. nations to our own art and industries is now horse of some 7,000,000 years back; and There is a cafeteria in the Museum where luncheon and the creators of generally recognized, finally the modern horse as represented by is served for visitors. Other rooms are provided for new and better ideas have always discovered o' those bringing their lunches. Man War. in the Museum's collections sugges- Members are to inform the Museum many In addition to the models, fossil skulls requested tions and Art promptly of changes of address. inspirations. students, artists, and feet of each of these are on exhibition. and manufacturers craftsmen, designers, Although the horse appears to have origi- liberal use of have made decorative forms nated in North America, soon spreading and such as those shown in the DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY designs to South America, and appearing later in Asia American ancient —ITS AIMS AND OBJECTS Indian, Egyptian, Chinese, and Europe, it was completely exterminated South Pacific and other collections. on the American continents in prehistoric Departments of anthropology have been A new study room has just been opened times, and modern horses here are descended founded at many of our leading universities in the quarters of the Department of chiefly from European and Asiatic stock. and in the natural museums. larger history Anthropology on the third floor of the The scientist who desires to make anthro- building. It is spacious, well lighted, attrac- his lifetime vocation has therefore the BEQUESTS AND ENDOWMENTS pology tively furnished and equipped with study choice between an academic and a museum to Field of material from all parts of the world, arranged Bequests Museum Natural History may career. of be made in securities, money, books or collections. The teaching anthropology is, of in wall cases. This room is to all who open They may, if desired, take the form of a memorial to course, an important task, as investigators desire to pursue specific studies in any a person or cause, named by the giver. For those desiring must be trained to shoulder the burden of the anthropological subject or to apply material to make bequests, following form is suggested: their and our museums must predecessors, to any legitimate purpose in art or industry. FORM OF BEQUEST look to the universities for a supply of —Berthold Laufer competent men. I do hereby give and bequeath to Field Museum of Natural History of the City of Chicago, State of Illinois, The anthropologist devoting his energies (An article on the purposes and functions to museum work enjoys a wide sphere of of the Department of Botany will appear next activities and an unlimited range of oppor- month, and similar articles on the Depart- tunity; he may be explorer, research-worker, ments of Geology and Zoology in succeeding author, lecturer and educator at the same months.) Cash contributions made within the taxable year to Field Museum not 15 cent of time. A hall in the museum covering the exceeding per the tax- payer's net income are allowable as deductions in com- or of a certain ethnology archaeology country MODEL OF FAMOUS HORSE puting net income under Article 251 of Regulation 69 or group of tribes, properly arranged and relating to the income tax under the Revenue Act of 1926. labeled, has the same value and offers the "Man o' War," one-time race track favo- Endowments may be made to the Museum with the same advantages as a university lecture rite, has been immortalized by the placing provision that an annuity be paid to the patron for life. course on the —with his sleek same subject two of a model, showing lines, on These annuities are tax-free and are guaranteed against notable differences, however: the university permanent exhibition in Field Museum. fluctuation in amount. August, 1931 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS Page 3

THE DEATH VINE— stage has passed he announces that he sees it is natural that the chief scientific contri- AYAHUASCA charming landscapes, trees laden with fruits, butions of missions and missionaries have By Llewelyn Williams birds of gorgeous plumage and other beauti- been made in anthropology and linguistics. ful things. Then, suddenly, the vision Many individuals, however, have turned to Assistant in Wood Technology; changes. Unable longer to support himself, the strange animal and plant life of their Leader, Marshall Field Botanical Expedition to Peru he has hallucinations of persons appearing surroundings for recreation and diversion, A primitive art of curing and healing was to ridicule him, of tigers, serpents and super- and the sum of their collecting has produced developed to an astonishing degree by the natural creatures preparing to attack him, notable advances in our knowledge of the Incas, even before the advent of the Span- and other fearsome things. He howls and plant and animal life of the world. Some iards. These natives of America knew the groans mournfully, screams incoherent unin- have even become trained collectors, quite medicinal value of certain herbs, shrubs, and telligible words. All of this, the medicine- on a par with museum professionals. the roots, barks, resins and leaves of trees, man explains later, is due to some particular Aside from their collecting, mission sta- and how to administer them to effect cures. individual—usually an enemy of the family tions in remote parts of the world have They were acquainted also with the use of —for whom a poisonous concoction should proved extremely hospitable to scientists or certain narcotics. This knowledge, modi- be prepared. scientific expeditions passing through their fied by the passing of time, has been trans- When the Indian awakes from his trance territory. The debt of science to missions mitted from generation to generation, and he must be held down by force to prevent is perhaps even greater in this respect than of carried on is the basis practices today by him from seizing his weapons and attacking for more direct contributions. a few Indian tribes in certain regions in the the first person he encounters. This stage A few instances from Field Museum's of the the eastern ranges Andes and adjacent is followed by lethargy, lapsing into uncon- recent contacts with missionaries will illus- equatorial forests. Many ancient customs sciousness. Finally, upon recovering, there trate both these relations. The Museum traditions have and survived unaltered is a feeling of heavy drowsiness and headache not long ago received, through Miss Emily A. among these people because of the simple en- which lasts for several days. Clark, of the Sudan Interior Mission (Inter- vironment in which live. It is therefore they The ayahuasca concoction is drunk also denominational), in Central Nigeria, a speci- not to find them certain surprising among by the medicine-man himself, to produce a men of one of the rarest of African lizards, as wizards or medicine- individuals regarded trance supposed to enable him to do such the curious primitive gecko Hemithecony men. things as settle a dispute or quarrel, discover caudicinctus. Last year it obtained speci- the botanical Among specimens brought robbers, tell if strangers are approaching, mens of the largest of all frogs, the West back the Marshall Field to by Expedition give proper answer to an envoy from another African Goliath frog, and of the even more one of the most is the Peru, interesting tribe, discover the plans of an enemy, dis- remarkable "haired" frog of the same region, used these medicine-men. ayahuasca, by cover if wives are unfaithful, or, in the case from Mrs. Edwin Cozzens of the Presby- This name derives from the dialect Quecha of a sick man, to tell who bewitched him. terian Mission in the Cameroons. These words aya, meaning death, and huasca, mean- were the latest of a and notable series The powerful ayahuasca narcotic, which long ing vine. The "death vine" belongs to the of collections received various is similar in its effects to both opium and by American tropical family Malpighiaceae. museums from this of missions. henbane (although botanically it is very group On these Indians the leaves of this the recent Cornelius Crane Pacific Among different from either), does not seem to have Expedi- vine are boiled in water for several tion of Field Museum the eminent immunol- hours, been studied by toxicologists. and the resulting infusion is drunk copiously ogist, Dr. W. L. Moss, who accompanied at ceremonial feasts to eliminate fear and to the expedition as physician, was enabled to stimulate reckless bravery in warfare. The MISSIONARIES AND MUSEUMS make a unique series of blood tests of native narcotic element in the drink has a rapid By Karl P. Schmidt Fijians through the cordial cooperation of and violent effect on the nervous the Mission in the Islands. system. Assistant Curator of Reptiles Wesleyan Fiji It is strongly habit forming. When the expedition planned to visit the During a tribal gathering the medicine- So many rare or otherwise interesting upper Sepik River in northern New Guinea, man acts as cup-bearer. He serves the specimens of plants, animals, and ethnolog- an ideal guide and leader was available in ayahuasca drink in a small calabash con- ical objects come to museums from mis- Father Franz Kirschbaum, whose knowledge taining about a cupful. In about two sionaries stationed in foreign lands that these of New Guinean ethnology and linguistics minutes its effect begins to be apparent. workers may well take pride in the mark has grown to be pre-eminent during his The drinker turns pale, trembles in every their collecting has made in scientific history. eighteen years of service with the Catholic limb, and is swept by dizziness. When this From the nature of their primary interests, Mission of the Society of the Holy Word.

MODEL OF MENANGKABAU NATIVE VILLAGE IN SUMATRA IS NOW COMPLETED IN HALL G

A miniature model of a village of the Among these people, inheritance and Menangkabau, powerful Malayan tribe descent are reckoned in the female line, and which inhabits the Padang Highlands of this leads to unusual situations which are Sumatra, and is especially interesting for its matri- archal form of social organization, has been completed and is now on exhibition in Hall G of the Museum. W v The model shows several typical dwellings, among them one under construc- tion on which the men are seen busily engaged in thatching the roof and putting up carved wall panels. In the back- ground is seen Mount Merapi at a distance, with terraced rice fields extend- ing far up its slopes, and scattered settlements buried beneath coconut palms and other tropical foliage. In the foreground is the village pool which serves for fishing, bathing, and providing the water supply. Here two men are seen wash- ing clothes, while a young girl bathes a baby. Scattered about are groups and individuals engaged in various other typical activities. Page b FIELD MUSEUM NEWS August, 1931

RAYMOND FOUNDATION diagnostic standpoint can readily be seen. AUGUST GUIDE-LECTURE TOURS Heretofore mummies have been x-rayed PROGRAMS Following is the schedule of conducted in sections on the regulation size film, four- tours final two of the summer of the exhibits during August: The programs teen by seventeen inches. Then these smaller series of free entertainments for children, Week beginning August 3—Monday: 11 A.M., Giants films were pieced together and from this the James Nelson and Anna of Long Ago, 3 p.m., Chinese Exhibits; Tuesday: 11 A.M. provided by "mosaic" the specimen was viewed and its and 3 P.M., General Tours; 11 Foundation for Public Wednesday: a.m., Louise Raymond anatomical relation to cartonnage and casket American Animal Life, 3 P.M., Gems and Jewelry; will be 11 A.M. and 3 General School and Children's Lectures, given of the Thursday: p.m., Tours; Friday: estimated. The advantage new type 11 Rocks and Their 3 The in a.m., Origins, P.M., Komodo August. of single large film is obvious. and Its Relatives. On Thursday, August 6, the program will The Museum's roentgenological laboratory Week beginning August 10 —Monday: 11 A.M., of a "Children of Many consist story hour, was established and equipped about five Skeletons, Past and Present, 3 P.M., Life of the Ancient Lands," to be given in the James Simpson Egyptians; Tuesday: 11 a.m. and 3 P.M., General Tours; at 10 and a tour of exhibits Wednesday: 11 A.M., Workers in Metals, 3 p.m., Horses; Theatre a.m., 11 A.M. and 3 General conducted Thursday: p.m., Tours; Friday: showing child-life, by Raymond 11 A.M., American Archaeology, 3 P.M., Burial Customs. which will at Foundation lecturers, begin Week beginning August 17—Monday: 11 A.M., 11 A.M. Indian Ceremonies, 3 P.M., Marine Life; Tuesday: 11 a.m. and 3 General On Thursday, August 13, the program p.m., Tours; Wednesday: 11 a.m., Games and Toys, 3 p.m., Plants of Marshes, Bogs and lecture-tour the sub- includes a illustrating Streams; Thursday: 11 a.m. and 3 P.M., General Tours; to be 11 ject "Animals of Land and Water," Friday: a.m., Music in Primitive Lands, 3 p.m., Prehistoric Man. conducted at 10 a.m., and motion pictures at Week 24 — 11 11 a.m. in the James Simpson Theatre, the beginning August Monday: A.M., The of 3 Chinese 11 A.M. as follows: "Alli- Story Coal, p.m., Art; Tuesday: films to be shown being and 3 P.M., General Tours; Wednesday: 11 A.M., gators," "Alaskan Sheep," "Bears," "Ani- Polynesia and Micronesia, 3 p.m., Birds at Home; 11 A.M. and 3 General mals of the Galapagos," and "Lions at Thursday: P.M., Tours; Friday: 11 A.M., Masks and Their Uses, 3 P.M., South American Home." Mammals. all of the and Children from parts city Monday, August 31—11 A.M., Low Forms of Plant suburbs are invited to these entertainments. Life, 3 P.M., Mexico. tickets are for admission. In No necessary Persons wishing to participate should addition to those coming individually, apply at North Entrance. Tours are free come in from clubs, children may groups and no gratuities are to be proffered. A new and other community centers organizations. schedule will appear each month in Field Museum News. Guide-lecturers' services EGYPTIAN SANDALS AND BASKETS for special tours by parties of ten or more A collection of ancient Egyptian sandals are available free of charge by arrangement and baskets was recently added to the ex- with the Director a week in advance. hibits in Hall J. Iron candlesticks equipped with snuffers, and wooden headrests used in Radio Stations Cooperate of are also included in the place pillows Four important radio stations—WMAQ, exhibit. WGN, WLS, and WCFL—are cooperating Even before the first Egyptian dynasty with Field Museum by broadcasting weekly 3500 sandals had been (about B.C.) invented, announcements of the summer programs for according to Dr. T. George Allen, Assistant How- children offered under the provisions of the Curator of Egyptian Archaeology. James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond both of the and ever, most Egyptians, high Foundation for Public School and Children's low for a long time thereafter pre- classes, Lectures. Indications are that this helpful ferred to barefoot except when protection go cooperation is drawing additional attendance. for the feet was absolutely needed, as in crossing fields of stubble. The wearing of NEW MEMBERS sandals did not become prevalent until about 1500 B.C., and even then it was customary The following persons were elected to to remove them in the presence of one's membership in Field Museum during the superiors. The sandals were made of papy- period from June 17 to July 13: rus, palm fiber and leather. They protected Associate Members the soles of the feet, and were held on John N. A. J. Isaac Horton only World's Largest Single X-ray Film Bantsolas, Boynton, thongs or cords. Johnson, Mrs. Frances B. Sands, Otto C. Staack. by looped of in baskets exhibited are made of Roentgenogram Egyptian mummy, produced The reeds, Museum laboratory. The size of the film may be Sustaining Members grass and palm fibers, and range in date gauged by comparison with the height of the roentgen- Mrs. Milton F. Goodman from about 2000 to 1300 B.C. The sandals ologist. Annual Members were presented by Stanley Field, President years ago by President Stanley Field. Special John J. English, Mrs. G. E. Frazer, Mrs. Remi J. of the Museum, H. J. Patten, and Charles Miss Serena Hon. Mrs. apparatus was recently built and installed to Gits, Hepp, Henry Horner, B. Pike, and the baskets were collected by Walter H. Johnson, Lesley Kennedy, Mrs. C. Hobart produce the new type of work described in Miss Clara L. Mrs. Samuel N. the late Edward E. Ayer. Kirkland, Lange, Leitzell, this article. Richard F. Locke, Ellery Norton, John F. O'Toole, Mrs. Willett B. Ranney, Werner Schueller, Henry Justin One of the best panoramic views of Smith, Mrs. Haddon Hubbard Sundblom, Charles L. EPOCHAL X-RAY PICTURE Wilkins. PRODUCED AT MUSEUM Chicago's sky line and water front to be found anywhere in the city may be enjoyed By Anna Reginalua Bolan MEMBERSHIP IN FIELD MUSEUM visitors from the steps at the north Division of Roentgenology by entrance of the Museum. Field Museum has several classes of Members. After a long series of experiments, the Benefactors give or devise $100,000 or more. Contribu- Division of Roentgenology of Field Museum tors give or devise $1,000 to $100,000. Life Members give $500. Non-Resident and Associate Members in a new of Gifts to the Museum (Life) has succeeded producing type pay $100. Non-Resident Associate Members pay $50. large roentgenogram which it is expected Following is a list of some of the principal All the above classes are exempt from dues. Sustaining Members contribute will mark the opening of a new chapter in gifts received during the last month: $25 annually. After six years they become Associate Members. Annual Members con- work. From Miss Wicker—a nest of boxes and x-ray Carolyn tribute $10 annually. Other are Corpo- of and India; from James Britton memberships The first roentgenogram of this new type, pair flutes, Japan rate, Honorary, Patron, and Corresponding, additions and Lawrence Britton Reed—24 prehistoric flint arrow- with an mummy as its subject, under these classifications being made by special action Egyptian heads and spearheads, Pennsylvania; from William A. of the Board of Trustees. was finally successfully completed on July 7, Schipp—155 herbarium specimens, British Honduras; Each in all is entitled to free of the film are seven from American Gem and Pearl Company—cluster of Member, classes, 1931. The dimensions admission to the Museum for his Amazonite crystals, Virginia; from C. S. Williams—a himself, family and feet. This is the first time that house and to two reserved seats for feet by two fossil crinoid, Illinois; from William B. Pitts—2 polished guests, Museum lectures provided for Members. to Field an entire adult mummy in its casket has specimens of colite and jasper, and 3 rock and mineral Subscription Museum News is included with all specimens, California and Nevada; from Frank von memberships. The ever been x-rayed on one film and with only courtesies of Drasek—31 rock and mineral specimens, Arkansas; every museum of note in the United It is so far as is States and Canada are extended to all one exposure. also, known, from Karl Plath—a green lizard, Dalmatia; from P. B. Members of Field Museum. A Member his the largest roentgenogram ever made of any Clark—12 Alaskan blackfish; from Walter L. Necker— may give personal card to non-residents of Chicago, presentation of illustration is 34 salamanders, toads and treefrogs, Tennessee; from upon subject. The accompanying which will be admitted to the Robert Zingg—14 birdskins, 11 mammal skins and 10 they Museum without of this Further information about a photograph history-making film, mammal skulls, Mexico; from George M. Stevens—a charge. memberships will be sent on and the success of the experiment from a giant snapping turtle, Arkansas. request.

PRINTED BY FIELD MUSEUM I News Published Monthly by Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago

Vol. 2 SEPTEMBER, 1931 No. 9 GRAVE OF AN ILLINOIS MOUND-BUILDER REPRODUCED IN MUSEUM EXHIBIT

A full-size reproduction of the grave of a shaping them, and also a piece of sandstone The mounds of the Mississippi Valley were prehistoric mound-builder of Illinois, with used for sharpening the flaking tool. built by ancestors of the present American an actual skeleton and various artifacts The group was planned by Curator Indians, and not, as is sometimes believed, brought from the original mound near Berthold Laufer and Assistant Curator Paul by an extinct race of "mound-builders." Lewistown in Fulton County, was installed S. Martin. The reproduction of the mound The skeletons found in the mounds are readily last month in Mary D. identified as those of Sturges Hall (Hall 3), Indians. While the Dick- devoted to North Ameri- son culture shown in the can archaeology. It shows Museum exhibit certainly a mound of the type found dates back before the in southern central Illi- white man's arrival, it is nois, representing the probably not more than "Dickson culture," so 500 to 1,000 years old. named for Dr. Don F. This is indicated by the Dickson, who discovered excellent condition of the the type mound, excavat- skeletons and artifacts. ed it, and preserved its There are a number of contents. The skeleton historical records of the and the various burial ob- building of mounds by jects in the exhibit were various Indian tribes. presented to Field Mu- Most of the Illinois seum by Dr. Dickson. mounds were constructed In the exhibit the in prehistoric times, but mound is shown with the it is unlikely that any of earth partly cut away so them are more than 2,000 as to expose fully a com- years old. While the plete skeleton of a man majority of them are about 35 years old, while burial mounds, a few may a skull and other parts of have served as raised two more burials are seen foundations for houses. projecting from the walls Mounds of the Dickson of the excavation. A culture usually contain a water bottle lies on the large number of burials right side of the head of laid at various levels, in- the complete skeleton, dicating that they were and a small jar on the left. built up gradually. In Another jar containing a sharp contrast with the finely shaped spoon of culture represented by the mussel shell, lies between Illinois Mound-builder's Grave well-known Hopewell the knees. Around the mounds in Ohio, the Reproduction of burial illustrating "Dickson culture," on exhibition in Mary D. Sturges Hall (Hall 3). neck is a string of shell Dickson culture con- beads with a pendant made from a small is the work of John G. Prasuhn. The tains almost no copper, no platform pipes, conch shell. Near the right hand lies a flint exhibit is completed by a background in colors few perforated teeth, and no cut jaws. knife. Other objects included in the burial representing the country where the mound is Also in Mary D. Sturges Hall are objects are a stone celt, various unfinished flint im- located, which was painted by Charles A. from the Hopewell mounds, a miniature plements with an antler flaking tool used in Corwin, staff artist of the Museum. model of one of them, and two mound altars.

MUSEUM IS IDEAL PLACE FOR granules of pollen per cubic yard of air, Museum Receives Persian Mammals whereas on these in certain other Chi- HAY FEVER VICTIMS days Two excellent specimens of Persian wild cago buildings the count was from ten to Field Museum has been an ass, and four of Persian wild goat have been pronounced twenty times as many. Dr. Maurer added attractive for fever received at Field Museum as a result of the unusually place hay that the Museum's count was only about sufferers Dr. recent expedition conducted by James E. by Siegfried Maurer, Chicago one-half of that found at several northern Jr. One of the is an extraordi- physician who has been conducting research Baum, goats resorts to which hay fever sufferers go. and to assist in the narily fine male with horns about forty inches experiments work of the as "I would recommend Museum a which is near the record size. These eliminating this common summer and long, safe place for hay fever sufferers to spend autumn affliction. animals inhabit an extremely arid region, the day in order that they may be in an and are of the desert Of several public buildings in which Dr. very shy. Because open atmosphere relatively free of pollen, and one which no cover for hunters are Maurer made a count of ragweed pollen in provides they in which most fever victims should the air over a period of time, Field Museum hay extremely difficult to obtain. One or more become completely free of of the animals will be for exhibition showed the lowest count, according to a letter symptoms," mounted Dr. Maurer writes. in the near received from the physician by Director future. Dr. Maurer a total pollen count Stephen C. Simms. The pollen counts were reports of 156 cubic in 20 in Peer Visits Museum taken on specially prepared slides during the granules per yard days Japanese Field Museum. This with a count hay fever seasons of 1929 and 1930, and are compares Count Hirotaro Hayashi, member of the of in 29 in another believed to indicate approximately the condi- 2,961 days large Chicago House of Peers of Japan, and professor of in 37 at an tions which prevail again this year. public building, and 8,445 days pedagogy in the Imperial University of The Museum's system of ventilation prob- outdoors observation station. Tokyo, visited Field Museum on August 12. ably has much to do with the small quantity On exhibition in the Museum's Hall of He was especially interested in the Neander- of pollen present in the air, Dr. Maurer Plant Life (Hall 29) are models of the two thal family restoration and the other exhibits states, declaring that on the days when most common ragweeds of the Chicago in Ernest R. Graham Hall, and also in observations were made the count seldom region, whose pollen is believed to be respon- the Egyptian and Chinese archaeological exceeded the remarkably low figure of ten sible largely for the prevalence of hay fever. collections. Page 2 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS September, 1931

Field Museum of Natural History is a matter which is far from simple because Requests for assistance in botanical mat- Founded by Marshall Field, 1893 of the impossibility of preserving the natural ters come also from every part of the United of The has been and from and other of Roosevelt Road and Lake Michigan, Chicago appearance plants. problem States, Europe parts solved by the use of accurate reproductions the world as well. THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES of living plants, in place of the perishable —B. E. Dahlgren of the natural material. These are Johk Borden William H. Mitchell parts of Presi- {An article on the purposes and functions William J. Chalmers Frederick H. Rawson provided through the munificence the will next R. T. Crane, Jr. George A. Richardson dent Stanley Field, who maintains for of Department of Geology appear Marshall Field Martin A. Ryerson the laboratories in the month, and a similar article on the Department Fred W. Sargent purpose special Stanley Field of Zoology in the following month.) Ernest R. Graham Stephen C. Simms Department. Jambs Simpson Albert W. Harris Two halls are devoted to plant products Samuel Insull, Jr. Solomon A. Smith William V. Kelley Albert A. Sprague which play a large part in furnishing man- ALL GRAHAM HALL MURALS Cyrus H. McCormick Silas H. Strawn kind with food and raw materials for his ARE NOW COMPLETED William Wrigley, Jr. industries. Special halls illustrate the prin- The series of twenty-eight large mural OFFICERS cipal trees of North America and of foreign paintings depicting life in prehistoric ages, President countries. Stanley Field presented to Field Museum by Ernest R. Martin A. Ryerson First Vice-President Great pains are taken to make the Albert A. Sprague Second Vice-President Graham, has been completed by the artist, labels all the exhibits as James Simpson Third Vice-President accompanying Charles R. Knight, and all are now installed Stephen C. Simms Director and Secretary informative and accurate as possible with- on the walls of Ernest R. Graham Hall of Solomon A. Smith. . .Treasurer and Assistant Secretary out undue technicalities. The exhibits of the Historical Geology (Hall 38). Department are growing and are being The final three were hung last month. One FIELD MUSEUM NEWS improved constantly. of them depicts primitive hoofed mammals Besides the collections seen the casual and the four-toed horse Stephen C. Simms, Director of the Museum Editor by (Uintathere) (Orohip- visitor, the Department of Botany has pus) which lived approximately 55,000,000 EDITORS CONTRIBUTING reserve or study collections which are the years ago. Another shows flying reptiles, Berthold Laufer Curator of Anthropology basis of research by members of the staff, primitive birds and small dinosaurs of E. Dahlgren Acting Curator of Botany B. and are available for reference others 175,000,000 ago. The third illustrates O. C. Farrington Curator of Geology by years Wilfred H. Osgood Curator of Zoology seeking botanical information. Most exten- primitive reptiles of the Permian age, some sive of these is the of back. More detailed H. B. Harte Managing Editor Herbarium, consisting 215,000,000 years 640,000 mounted sheets of plant specimens descriptions of these paintings, and possibly assembled from part of the world. The photographs of them, will appear in future Field Museum is open every day of the year during every the hours indicated below: Herbarium is especially rich in plants of issues of Field Museum News. November, December, January 9 A.M. to 4 :30 P.M. tropical America. A special herbarium of The project of restoring scenes of the prim- February, March, April, October 9 a.m. to 5 :00 p.m. Illinois plants is also maintained. These col- itive world in large mural paintings was 9 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. May, June, July, August, September lections have been the basis of many volumes undertaken in 1926, and six years were is free to Members on all Other Admission days. of botanical studies published by Field allotted for its completion. The work has adults are admitted free on Thursdays, Saturdays and and also other institutions. more than was Sundays; non-members pay 25 cents on other days. Museum by progressed rapidly expected, on all Students and this educational Children are admitted free days. Non-technical leaflets are published to however, enabling important members of educational institutions are admit- faculty for the of the exhibits series to be finished more than a year ahead ted free any day upon presentation of credentials. explain layman some Leaflets of schedule. Mr. Graham provided a fund The of the Museum, containing some 92,000 and activities of the Department. Library of for the execution of these paint- volumes on natural history subjects, is open for refer- describing the wild flowers and trees of the $125,000 and for several life size restora- ence daily except Sunday. Chicago region have had a large circulation, ings, group in the schools of services of known Traveling exhibits are circulated as has also an illustrated handbook of the tions. The Mr. Knight, of the N. W. Chicago by the Museum's Department as a foremost painter in this field due to his Harris Public School Extension. plants of the Lake Michigan sand dunes. previous work in other institutions, were Lectures for school classrooms and assemblies, and of material in the Some the plant Museum's for the series. these entertainments and lecture tours for children at engaged In twenty-eight special exhibits and collections has been the James Nelson and study Mr. has some of the Museum, are provided by and pictures Knight performed Anna Louise Raymond Foundation for Public School obtained through gifts, by purchases, his most notable work. and Children's Lectures. by exchanges with other museums, but Announcements of courses of free illustrated lectures often to obtain required material it is neces- on science and travel for the public, and special lectures Chinese Painting Presented to send expeditions into the field. These for Members of the Museum, will appear in FrELD sary Museum News. have been carried on chiefly in Central A rare Chinese painting of the Ming period There is a cafeteria in the Museum where luncheon and South America and the West Indies. (sixteenth century) was recently presented is served for visitors. Other rooms are provided for Through them much material that is unique to Field Museum by Mr. and Mrs. Edward those their lunches. bringing has been acquired. W. Everett of Hinsdale, Illinois, who had Members are to inform the Museum requested acquired it at Peking some years ago. The promptly of changes of address. In order to increase its own facilities, and 32 66 inches in is those of other American institutions as well, picture, by dimensions, in colors on silk. It the Department has undertaken, with the painted bright represents a school of in a The fish are life- THE DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY aid of a special grant of funds from the carp pond. like and drawn with care for detail. Rockefeller Foundation, the important task great —ITS SCOPE AND FUNCTIONS This with a number of others in of obtaining in European herbaria photo- painting, the Museum's will adorn the Formerly it was not unusual for natural graphs of the earliest named specimens of possession, walls of the new Jade Room which is now in history museums to concern themselves only thousands of tropical American plants col- with the mineral kingdom, with animals, and lected by European botanists but unrepre- process of preparation. with man, and to ignore the plant world sented in American collections. It did not occur to AND ENDOWMENTS entirely. apparently That the residents of the Chicago area rely BEQUESTS those in that without authority vegetation upon Field Museum for scientific information Bequests to Field Museum of Natural History may there could be no animal life. be made in securities, money, books or collections. is proved the constant queries on botani- by They may, if desired, take the form of a memorial to Field Museum from the recognized begin- cal subjects which are received. Every year a person or cause, named by the giver. For those desiring ning that the science of botany is one of the several thousand plant specimens are named to make bequests, the following form is suggested: principal divisions of natural history, and for correspondents in lots ranging from a FORM OF BEQUEST developed its Department of Botany with a single specimen to many hundred different J do and to Field Museum staff of competent scientists and technical does a without hereby give bequeath of plants. Rarely day pass Natural History of the City of Chicago, State of Illinois, assistants, a large library, laboratories, and requests by telephone, letters or visitors for extensive study collections and exhibits. It data regarding plants or their products. was the first general natural history museum These are of bewildering variety, and cover to devote to botany attention comparable to almost every phase of botanical science. that given other subjects. They come from educational institutions, Cash contributions made within the taxable year to Field Museum not exceeding 15 per cent of the tax- five business other of The botanical exhibits now occupy nouses, organizations payer's net income are allowable as deductions in com- large halls. They are designed to present a various kinds, and individuals, and range puting net income under Article 251 of Regulation 69 Act of view of the entire from, the identification of mushrooms for relating to the income tax under the Revenue synoptic plant kingdom 1926. in a manner .to amateur collectors, and inquiries about hay sufficiently comprehensive Endowments may be made to the Museum with the the visitor student of fever to industrial involving give or a general idea pollen, problems provision that an annuity be paid to the patron for life. its various main divisions from bacteria to plant products, and questions concerning the These annuities are tax-free and are guaranteed against

in fluctuation in amount. : '. the many orders of flowering plants.. This establishment of plantations the tropics. i.,nv ..'/> S September, 1981 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS Page

IMPORTANT DISCOVERIES MADE same, even for a few seconds. A tiny patch RADIUM-BEARING MINERALS BY SOUTHWEST EXPEDITION of apple green on the shoulder may flow out ON EXHIBITION to cover half the side and then disappear An exhibit a method of Discoveries of extraordinary interest, altogether. An orange spot on the side of illustrating quick because there still remains much minerals for radium as well as show- especially the head may be only a tiny dot or it may testing are made at the relative of different mystery as to their origin, being cover half the face. It may remain constant ing radioactivity Ruin near mineral was installed in the the Lowry Ackmen, Colorado, by for hours or it may come and go as rapidly species recently of minerals Curator of the Field Museum Archaeological Expedi- as the fish breathes. While one watches, the hall (Hall 34) by Oliver C. tion to the Southwest, according to reports whole color tone of the fish may change from Geology Farrington. received from its leader, Dr. Paul S. Martin, black and white to russet brown, green, The test for radium was made by placing of American flat Assistant Curator North golden or creamy. a small metallic object, such as a key; and Archaeology. Whether or not the general color changes upon an unexposed photographic plate writes: "It seem now the Dr. Martin would or remains constant there is always a flow of laying the specimen to be tested upon if is out of in a as this ruin quite place geographi- colors over the entire body. This is the one metallic object. The whole was kept it is the work of cally, since undoubtedly constant thing about the fish. One may dark place for twenty-four to forty-eight lived hundreds of If the Chaco Canyon people who watch a group of scorpion fishes in an aqua- hours and the plate then developed. miles south and east of this spot, in what is rium for hours without seeing two that show rock or mineral contained radium, the rays now New Mexico. The pottery types found from the radium produced an image of the at this ruin are unlike anything here in the metallic object on the plate, this image being neighborhood, and belong also to the Chaco brought out through developing the plate by types. The other day we found in a small the usual photographic methods. cache of seventeen of passageway a pieces All the principal minerals which are used pottery, most of them complete. as commercial sources of radium are included "A test trench through the great kiva has in the exhibit. Of these, the most important just been finished. The walls, floors, and are those from the Belgian Congo, Africa. other remains are highly interesting, although These are so rich that at the present time very puzzling. Despite the heat and drought they have superseded all other sources of the work has been pushed ahead." radium. Two specimens of pitchblende, the Among noteworthy discoveries is a sacred mineral from which radium was first ex- spring which had been timbered and cribbed tracted, are shown: one from Bohemia, this with cedar logs in prehistoric times. This being the ore which was used by Dr. and seems to have served as a sort of sanctuary, Mme Curie in their discovery of radium, Scorpion Fish for in the water at the bottom were found the other from Colorado. Carnotite from at Field Museum for exhi- of of and more Reproduction prepared the chief source of offerings ten pieces pottery bition in the near future. Colorado, which was than forty wooden prayer-sticks very similar radium until the discovery of the African to those used at present by the Hopi. These the same pattern or without seeing any one ores, is also included in the series. offerings had been perfectly preserved by the show the same pattern twice. Other minerals on exhibition showing water. A very fine specimen of scorpion fish was noticeable radioactivity are chiefly the rare So interesting have the excavations proved recently presented to the Museum by Cap- earth minerals, samarskite, aeschynite, euxe- that Dr. Alfred V. Kidder of the Carnegie tain R. J. Walters of the Miami (Florida) nite and fergusonite. These minerals are Institution of Washington, noted authority Aquarium. From this specimen A. G. found in the United States chiefly in North on Southwest archaeology, who recently Rueckert of the taxidermy staff of the Carolina and Texas. The greater richness came to the camp for a visit of only a few Museum has prepared a reproduction in of the African ores is shown by the fact that hours, remained instead for several days. celluloid that will soon be placed on exhibition . for them an exposure of only twenty-four The expedition is in its second season of hours was required to produce sharp images, operations. It is financed from funds pro- 3,000 Plants Determined while for most other minerals an exposure vided Julius Rosenwald and the late by There have been returned to Europe of two days to a week was necessary. N. Rosenwald. Augusta recently more than 3,000 specimens of South All these minerals owe their radioactivity American and other plants, submitted to chiefly to the uranium they contain. This THE SCORPION FISH Field Museum for study and determination. element, as is well known, slowly disinte- As element By Alfred C. Weed They came from the great herbaria of Lon- grates to form radium. the off similar Assistant Curator of Fishes don, Paris, Stockholm, Geneva, and Berlin. thorium decomposes to give rays They belong to the Rubiaceae or coffee to those from radium, two thorium-bearing One of the most interesting fishes found in family, and were identified by Associate minerals, monazite and thorite, are included the crevices of coral reefs is the fish. scorpion Curator Paul C. Standley, who is engaged in the series. They are relatively less radio- It is not seen because the brilliant and easily in monographic work upon the group. Many active than the uranium-bearing minerals. colors of its and fins harmonize varying body of the specimens represented species pre- That glass is relatively impervious to these so with its surroundings. As long completely viously unknown to science, which will be rays was shown experimentally by the fact as it remains it will be mistaken for a quiet described in the botanical publications of that the monazite sand used, when contained of the mass of rocks. piece the Museum. in a glass vial gave no effect, but when the fish the When moves, however, great placed directly on the metal produced a fins show pectoral (arm) are turned over and Nebraska Fossils Collected sharp image. a bold pattern of black spotted with white. for the series Thirty-eight specimens of fossil mammals, The exposures and prints Outside of this is a series of broad bands of two of fossil and six skeletons of were made in the Museum's Division of or something turtles, red, yellow, purple equally modern mammals were collected by the recent Roentgenology by Miss Anna Reginalda striking. The ventral (leg) fins with their paleontological expedition to Nebraska led Bolan, Roentgenologist. bold markings of red, black and white are by Associate Curator Elmer S. Riggs. brought up parallel with the pectorals and Among these were several very desirable as combine with them to produce an effect as AUTUMN LECTURE COURSE additions to the Museum's previous collec- striking as the wings of the most brilliant Field Museum's free lecture tions. Mr. Riggs was accompanied by fifty-sixth butterflies. As the fish comes to rest these course will begin on Saturday, October 3, Assistant Bryan Patterson, James Quinn, brilliant parts are turned out of sight or are when Dr. Thomas S. Arbuthnot, head of and Sven Dorf . The expedition was financed hidden under the body so that it appears to the Medical School of the University of by the Marshall Field Fund. be simply a mass of rock of a more or less Pittsburgh, will speak in the James Simpson neutral color. Theatre of the Museum. The title of his Articles on Roosevelt Expedition' The apparently neutral color of the scor- lecture is "An African Hunting Trip." It pion fish is formed by an exquisite blending In the Gardeners' Chronicle of London, the will be illustrated with both motion pictures of an infinite variety of colors. Reds, greens, leading horticultural magazine of the world, and stereopticon slides, and will begin at yellows, oranges, purples, blacks and whites, there appeared lately a long series of illus- 3 P.M. blended, or scattered in clean-cut spots make trated articles by F. Kingdon Ward, entitled Eight other lectures on science and travel up a pattern that is in appearance a hit-or- "The Roosevelt Expedition in French Indo- will be given in this course on successive miss mixture. Nevertheless, it is a definite, China." Mr. Ward was for some time Saturday afternoons at the same hour. though complex, pattern. There is a reason attached as botanist to that expedition of Details of the subjects and speakers will for each tiny spot and for every broad shading. Field Museum, and a collection of plants appear in later issues of Field Museum The color pattern of the scorpion fish is that he obtained is now in the Museum News. No tickets are necessary for admis- not at all constant. It is hardly ever the Herbarium. sion to the lectures in this course. Page k FIELD MUSEUM NEWS September, 1931

THE RAYMOND FOUNDATION contain is illustrated in a revised collection SEPTEM BER GUIDE-LECTURE TOURS just placed on display in Frederick J. V. PROGRAMS FOR CHILDREN Following is the schedule of conducted Skiff Hall (Hall 37). A one-pound piece of the tours of the exhibits during September: On Saturday morning, September 26, each variety of ore is shown together with a series of free motion — first of the autumn piece of iron equal to its average iron content. Week beginning August 31 Monday: 11 A.M., Low Forms of Plant 3 picture entertainments for children, pre- In the case of the commonest Life, p.m., Mexico; Tuesday: 11 a.m., ore, hematite, and 3 P.M., General 11 Wood- sented under the of the James Tours; Wednesday: a.m., provisions the iron weighs almost eleven and one-quar- land Indians, 3 P.M., Bears and Their Relatives; Thurs- Louise Founda- Nelson and Anna Raymond ter ounces, or nearly three-quarters of the day: 11 A.M., and 3 P.M., General Tours; Friday: 11 A.M., 3 Hall of Plant tion for Public School and Children's Lec- ore. Interesting Geological Exhibits, P.M., weight of the The comparative scarcity Life. tures, will be given in the James Simpson of is of this gold emphasized by comparison Week 7— Labor Theatre of the Museum. There will be beginning September Monday: Day with another exhibit in the same hall show- holiday —no tours; Tuesday: 11 A.M., and 3 P.M., Gen- in to be on succes- eleven programs all, given ing a cube of less than three-eighths inch eral Tours; Wednesday: 11 A.M., Primitive Modes of sive Saturdays. Each will be presented Travel, 3 P.M., Asiatic Animals; Thursday: 11 a.m., and diameter representing the entire gold content 3 General 11 at 10 and 11 o'clock. P.M., Tours; Friday: a.m.. Implements of twice, of a near-by specimen of gold ore which Warfare, 3 p.m., Rodents. are the titles of the films on the Following weighs 635 pounds and is regarded as a rich Week beginning September 14—Monday: 11 a.m., first two programs: ore although this amount yields less than Economic Minerals, 3 p.m., Oriental Theatricals; Tues- 26—When Autumn Comes; Hiawatha's day: 11 a.m., and 3 P.M., General Tours; Wednesday: September half an ounce of gold. Hunting Ground; Feathered Braves; Naskapi Indiana; 11 A.M., Migratory Animals and Birds, 3 P.M., Economic Where the Red Trail Ends. Plants; Thursday: 11 a.m., and 3 P.M., General Tours; 11 3 October 3—Elephant Seals; Shooting Rapids; The Friday: a.m., Roman Archaeology, P.M., Dinosaurs Vanity in Ancient Egypt and Other Woolly West; Cowboy Thrills. Reptiles. Week 21 — 11 Details of the remaining nine programs A case of objects illustrating the vanities beginning September Monday: A.M., Food Dishes and Household Utensils, 3 P.M., and in issues of of the ancient was recently Apes will be announced succeeding Egyptians placed Monkeys; Tuesday: 11 A.M., and 3 p.m., General Tours; Field Museum News. Children from all on exhibition in Hall J. Included are such Wednesday: 11 A.M., Toltecs, Aztecs and Mayas, 3 p.m., 11 and 3 General parts of Chicago and suburbs are invited to articles as jars which held unground cos- Fur-bearers; Thursday: A.M., P.M., Tours; Friday: 11 a.m., Egyptian Hall, 3 P.M., Crystals attend these entertainments. metic materials, slate palettes and flint and Gems. for the sticks of pebbles grinding cosmetics, Week beginning September 28— Monday: 11 A.M., GOLD EARRINGS FROM KISH bronze, wood and stone used for applying The Carl Akeley Hall, 3 p.m., Firemaking; Tuesday: By Henry Field cosmetics, spoons for applying unguents, 11 A.M., and 3 P.M., General Tours; Wednesday: 11 a.m.. Home and Village Models, 3 P.M., The Grasses and Assistant Curator of Physical Anthropology bronze mirrors, combs, tweezers for depila- Their Uses. tory purposes, razors, and various personal During the past season of excavations Persons to ornaments. The objects range in date from wishing participate should conducted by the Field Museum-Oxford at Entrance. Tours are free the predynastic period to the Coptic or apply North University Joint Expedition at Kish, Meso- and no are to be new Christian period (4000 B.C. to a.d. 600). gratuities proffered. A potamia, three pairs of gold earrings were schedule will each in The use of tweezers for plucking out super- appear month Field unearthed. These were found in Babylonian Museum News. Guide-lecturers' services fluous hairs, and also for extracting thorns, graves belonging to the period of Nebuchad- for tours of ten or more and the practice of shaving with razors, special by parties nezzar who ruled over Kish and Babylon are available free of appear to have begun as early as the first charge by arrangement about 2,500 years ago. It can therefore be with the Director a week in advance. dynasty, according to Dr. T. George Allen, suggested with some degree of certainty that Assistant Curator of Egyptian Archaeology. they were worn by ladies at the court of The first razors embodied the scraping prin- King Nebuchadnezzar. A group of large relief maps of the region ciple. Later during the eighteenth century Two pairs are made of wire gold, while about Chicago, showing the distribution of a rotating saw type, of which examples are the lower parts of the third pair are formed land and water in this district during included in the Museum exhibit, became larger, thin semicircular beads. Four of a number of stages following the glacial by established. the earrings recently were received at Field period, is available for study in Clarence Both long and short-toothed combs, made Museum. Among these there is one pair, Buckingham Hall. of wood, ivory and bone, were used. Per- the upper portion of which is formed of thin sonal ornaments in the exhibit include an wire gold which penetrated the ear lobe and ivory hairpin, earrings, ear-plugs, and from which hangs a triangular ornament many NEW MEMBERS and bracelets. covered with small beads and pins, finger rings terminating The following persons were elected to in a larger golden pearl. There is also a membership in Field Museum during the with a wire Unusual Form of Concretion single earring gold loop for period from July 13 to August 17: insertion through the ear lobe from which The Museum received recently an unusual Life Members hangs a large lunate golden ornament. form of concretion from R. C. Swank of Newton Camp Farr The most is a important large intricately Chicago. The specimen was formerly a an inch and three- Associate Members designed gold earring prized possession of Mr. Swank's friend, John Carol W. Alton, Arthur A. Mrs. John quarters long. This is one of the most of Colorado. Boettcher, Klopper, Denver, Learning Dolese, Mrs. Frank M. Elliot, Robert S. beautiful which has been found in Kinsey, objects recently that Mr. Klopper had died, Mr. George F. Mitchell, Dr. Gaston C. Parker, Sparrow E. Mesopotamia and bears eloquent witness to Swank called his widow and secured Purdy, David Skooglund, Fred J. Stebbins, Selden upon Freeman White. the artistic ability of the Babylonian crafts- the for Field Museum. specimen Annual Members men. The upper part is composed of a wire The concretion is circular in form, fifteen Paul E. Arnold, Edward B. Dunigan, Mrs. Arthur T. gold loop for attachment to the ear lobe. inches in diameter but less than two inches Evans, Rollo Gullickson, Walter Davis Hardy, Gustave One end of the is attached to a lunate loop thick. It shows also what is known as cone- Heding, Thomas H. Hoyer, Lloyd B. Huguenor, ornament decorated with three rows of tiny in-cone structure. William H. Moore, John Thompson, II., Miss Elizabeth Walter pearls. Below this is a fluted ball fastened W. Towner, N. Vance. to a collar decorated around the base plain Gifts to the Museum with the small pearl motif; and beneath that MEMBERSHIP IN FIELD MUSEUM is a larger fluted ball, from which hang two Following is a list of some of the principal rows of six smaller round ornaments. At gifts received during the last month: Field Museum has several classes of Members. Benefactors give or devise $100,000 or more. Contribu- the base of each small ball is a triangular From Mr. and Mrs. Edward W. Everett—a painting tors give or devise $1,000 to $100,000. Life Members six on silk representing a school of carp, sixteenth century, ornament of round beads in the shape give $500. Nun-Resident (Life) and Associate Members China; from Dr. Don F. Dickson—29 specimens of of an inverted The central pay $100. Non-Resident Associate Members $50. pyramid. lower archaeological material from Dickson Mound, Lewis- pay All the above classes are exempt from dues. Sustaining portion of the earring consists of two larger town, Illinois; from William J. Chalmers—8 specimens Members contribute $25 annually. After six crystallized minerals, Maine and New Mexico; from years they beads placed one above the other and ter- become Associate Members. Annual Members con- Richard C. Swank—a specimen of clay concretion, minated an inverted tribute $10 annually. Other are by pyramid consisting fifteen inches in diameter, Kansas; from J. K. Hawkes— memberships Corpo- rate, Honorary, Patron, and additions of ten small beads. 2 specimens transparent gypsum, Oklahoma; from Corresponding, under these classifications made action E. W. John—7 fossil being by special The artistic beauty of these objects which specimens invertebrates, Utah; of the Board of Trustees. from R. S. Bacon Veneer Company—10 veneered panels were centuries to- designed twenty-five ago, of foreign woods; from Paul Van Cleef—trunk of a Each Member, in all classes, is entitled to free admission gether with their romantic history, make rubber tree, Singapore; from Frank Schoble and Com- to the Museum for himself, his family and — — house and to two reserved seats for them valuable acquisitions to the collections pany 10 straw hats for exhibit; from A. S. Windsor guests, Museum 48 salamanders and 2 snakes, Tennessee; from J. E. lectures provided for Members. Subscription to Field of Field where will be Museum, they placed Baum, Jr.—4 Persian goats (with skulls) and 2 wild Museum News is included with all memberships. The on exhibition in the near future. ass (skins only), Persia; from Robert H. Everard— courtesies of every museum of note in the United a scaly anteater, Tanganyika Territory, Africa; from States and Canada are extended to all Members of Dr. Karl Alsolon—2 of the Field Museum. A Member his card Iron Yield of Ore Illustrated specimens Grottenolm, may give personal Proteus anguineus, the blind cave salamander of Europe; to non-residents of Chicago, upon presentation of from General House—6 Minne- which they will be admitted to the Museum without The relationship between quantities of Biological Supply frogs, sota; from Frank J. Berek—a rattlesnake (head only), charge. Further information about memberships will iron ore and the amount of actual iron they Illinois. be sent on request.

PRINTED BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS News Published Monthly by Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago

Vol. 2 OCTOBER, 1931 No. 10

TREES OF THE COAL AGE, 250,000,000 YEARS AGO, RESTORED IN NEW EXHIBIT

By B. E. Dahlgren and cover the coal beds. Thanks to the bulk of the vegetation. Foremost among these Acting Curator, Department of Botany abundance of fossil remains and to the labors were the great clubmosses of many species. A scene in a swamp forest of the Coal Age of many paleontologists, there is available a With their columnar stems reaching as much is vividly represented in all its luxuriance, and large amount of knowledge concerning the as six feet in diameter and up to 100 feet in in natural size, in a group recently completed plants which gave origin to coal, as well as of height, fluted or ornamented as if by a sculp- in Ernest R. Graham Hall (Hall 38) of the the conditions under which they lived. This, tured pattern, with their unbranched tops Museum. Representing much intensive re- together with the advanced type of museum terminating in a single tuft or in a canopy of search and three years of exacting labor, this technique developed in the Stanley Field grasslike foliage, and their long horizontally group is the most recent addition to the series Plant Reproduction Laboratories, has made extended and regularly forking roots, these of historical geology exhibits provided through possible the preparation of the present ex- big clubmosses must have set their somber the generosity of Ernest R. Graham, Trustee hibit. Many of the most common plants of stamp on the entire landscape. and Benefactor of the Museum. the Pennsylvanian flora, especially as this is The two principal and best known types The group shows a landscape of late Car- represented at Mazon Creek, Illinois, have of these are the Lepidodendrons and the

Copyright Field Museum of Natural History Forest of the Coal Age

Restoration of Carboniferous vegetation which has been added to the exhibits in Ernest R. Graham Hall of. Historical Geology. boniferous time, in the so-called Pennsylvanian been reconstructed in natural size from the Sigillarias. The former had a scaly armor of period, some 250,000,000 years ago. The land impressions and casts in rocks of the period. leaf cushions covering their trunks; the latter flora of the Paleozoic era was at that time To restore to a semblance of its living condi- were marked by seal-like leafscars generally reaching its culmination in the vast forests tion enough of the coal forest vegetation and arranged in vertical rows. There were other that covered much of the land then raised of the animal life of the time to reconstruct a forms such as the forking Lepidophloios shown above the sea in the northern hemisphere. In typical section of the ancient swamp forest near the center of the group. On the large Europe and in northern Asia, as well as in has been a long and often tedious task, involv- branches of this are seen clumps of short leafy North America, these forests existed for mil- ing the combined efforts of a half-dozen work- shoots, each terminating in a sporebearing lions of years, giving rise in the course of time ers in the plant reproduction laboratories. cone. The pollen-like spores must have been to vast accumulations of plant material that The group, which measures 28 x 15 x 19 extremely abundant, for masses of them con- now constitute our principal coal beds. feet, shows a scene in a dense swamp forest at stitute an important element of the material Various attempts have been made by paleo- the margin of a stretch of shallow and stag- which has been converted into coal. botanists to picture the appearance of the coal nant water as in a lagoon of a river estuary. The remainder of the tall forest trees of the flora, but the present Museum exhibit prob- The extensive bogs and marshes of the time period consisted of early gymnosperms, called ably represents the first serious effort to recon- were filled with dense formations of calamites, Cordaites, in honor of the famous paleon- struct in three-dimensional form a whole giant semiaquatic horsetails which probably tologist Corda. These have long since assemblage of plants of Carboniferous time. also bordered all the watercourses. They disappeared. They belonged to a line which Our knowledge of the botanical character resembled the present day equisetums or probably gave origin to such conifers as the of the Carboniferous vegetation is based on its scouring rushes in form, but approached bam- monkey puzzles and the Australian kauri fossil remains, present mostly in the form of boos in height and rapidity of growth and ri- pine, essentially Tertiary trees still existing in casts and impressions in the layers of shale valed the giants among bamboos in diameter. the southern hemisphere. The Cordaites were and sandstone that formed as silt during inter- The calamites were, however, greatly ex- truly large-leaved. The species included in vals of submergence, and that now separate ceeded in size by the trees which formed the {Continued on -page S) Page 2 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS October, 19S1

Field Museum of Natural History for Members, and the opportunity to avail For acquiring such collections active search himself of the various extended to in diverse of the earth is Founded by Marshall Field, 1893 privileges parts necessary and those on the Museum's membership rolls. for this purpose expeditions have been from Roosevelt Road and Lake Michigan, Chicago Application forms and full details will time to time carried on, some of the expedi- the December issue of the News, tions for in remote and THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES accompany remaining long periods or they may be had earlier, if desired, by uninhabited regions. John Borden William H. Mitchell or the Museum. All Correct identification and classification of William J. Chalmers Frederick H. Rawson telephoning writing you R. T. Crake, Jr. George A. Richardson need do is furnish the names and addresses of the individual specimens require much study Marshall Field Martin A. Ryerson the friends to whom you desire to present along microscopic, chemical and physical Stanley Field Fred W. Sargent and a check for the and for this Ernest R. Graham Stephen C. Simms memberships, membership lines, purpose well-equipped Albert \v. Harris Jambs Simpson fee, and the Museum will relieve you of all laboratories have been provided. The com- Solomon A. Smith Samuel Insull, Jr. further details in connection with your gift. bination of large collections with adequate William V. Kelley Albert A. Sprague Those thus favor will receive an extensive and a Cyrus H. McCormick Silas H. Strawn whom you by laboratories, library com- William Wrigley, Jr. Christmas Day an attractive card upon which petent scientific staff affords facilities for the Museum will them of and researches of a and OFFICERS notify your gift, unique character, permits inform them what privileges their membership results to be obtained which could not be Stanley FrELD President confers. A wide choice is offered in the gained otherwise. Those results which add Martin A. Ryerson First Vice-President you Albert A. Sprague Second Vice-President cost of memberships as gifts, beginning with to the body of geological knowledge are James Simpson Third Vice-President the $10 Annual Membership. published from time to time in Museum pub- Stephen C. Simms Director and Secretary lications and are distributed to scientists and Solomon A. Smith . . . Treasurer and Assistant Secretary THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY libraries throughout the world. In addition, —ITS AIMS AND FUNCTIONS some researches have resulted in making FIELD MUSEUM NEWS notable advances in methods for the preserva- chief of exhibits and tion and restoration of various Stephen C. Simms, Director of the Museum Editor The purpose geological Museum collections may be said to be the representa- objects. Leaflets, sold at a low price, explain- EDITORS CONTRIBUTING tion in miniature of the materials of the earth ing in plain, non-technical language the Berthold Laufer Curator of Anthropology and the history of its ancient life as shown by geological principles underlying some of the B. E. D ahlgren Acting Curator of Botany the remains found in rocks. While this objec- exhibits, are also issued from time to time and O. C. Farrington Curator of Geology Wilfred H. Osgood Curator of Zoology tive can be simply stated, its complete accom- serve to give information about the exhibits involves a wide and in addition to that afforded the labels. H. B. Harte Managing Editor plishment obviously range by vast amount of effort. Such representation, While the interest and information of visi- to be complete, must include more than a tors to the Museum itself is considered of Field Museum is open every day of the year during the hours indicated below: thousand mineral species, several hundred primary importance, evidence that the in- November, December, January 9 A.M. to 4 :30 p.m. varieties of rocks, a great variety of metallic fluence of the Department extends far beyond February, March, April, October 9 A.M. to 5 :00 P.M. ores, representatives of the non-metallic the Museum walls is given by the large num- May, June, July, August, September 9 a.m. to 6 :00 p.m. mineral deposits, such as coal, petroleum, ber of requests for information that is con- Admission is free to Members on all days. Other clays and soils, and a full series of the fossils stantly being received by mail, telephone and adults are admitted free on Thursdays, Saturdays and the and animal life of call. to more than 600 such Sundays; non-members pay 26 cents on other days. which record plant past personal Replies Children are admitted free on all days. Students and ages. Not only should all species and varieties requests were made during the year 1930 and members of educational institutions are admit- faculty be represented, but also those from many the number increases yearly. ted free any day upon presentation of credentials. localities, in order that variations resulting —Oliver C. Farrington The of the containing some 92,000 Library Museum, illustrated. volumes on natural is for refer- from local conditions may be history subjects, open (An article on the purposes and functions of the ence daily except Sunday. Such collections should also include many Department ofZoology will appear next month.) Traveling exhibits are circulated in the schools of specimens illustrating structural features of the of the W. Chicago by Museum's Department N. the earth and forms resulting from special Harris Public School Extension. Two Members Elected conditions such as those existing in volcanoes, Corresponding Lectures for school classrooms and assemblies, and et cetera. It is also desirable to In of their eminent services special entertainments and lecture tours for children at caves, springs, recognition tne Museum, are provided by the James Nelson and represent earth materials not only from the rendered to Field Museum, Dr. Stephen Anna Louise Foundation for Public School Raymond of scientific classification, but also H. Langdon, Professor of Assyriology, Jesus and Children's Lectures. standpoint from that of economic value. College, Oxford University, England, and Announcements of courses of free illustrated lectures these the Dr. Director of the Botanical on science and travel for the public, and special lectures In its attainments along lines, Ludwig Diels, for Members of the Museum, will appear in Field Department of Geology of Field Museum, Garden and Museum of Berlin-Dahlem, have Museum News. while far from reaching completeness, has been elected Corresponding Members of the There is a cafeteria in the Museum where luncheon already acquired an impressive total. Mineral Museum by the institution's Board of is served for visitors. Other rooms are provided for Trustees. Professor is Director those bringing their lunches. specimens are represented by 33,000 speci- Langdon varieties of rocks 9,000, ores and of the Field Museum-Oxford Members are requested to inform the Museum mens, by _ University promptly of changes of address. non-metallic products by 26,000, and fossils Joint Expedition to Mesopotamia, and has by 122,000 specimens. Special collections conducted excavations at the ancient city AN EARLY THOUGHT FOR among the mineral species include those of of Kish for eight seasons. Dr. Diels has which extended in the CHRISTMAS gems and crystals. Meteorites, by noteworthy cooperation their fall continually add to the mass of the botanical work of Field Museum, especially A note made now concerning Christmas earth, are represented by the world's largest in its activities abroad conducted under the may save much time and effort during the last collection as regards the number of falls provisions of the Rockefeller Foundation hectic weeks of shopping before the holiday. possessed. The moon, being a satellite of the fund for obtaining photographs of type Jot this down on your calendar: FieId Museum earth, is represented by a large model. specimens of plants of the American tropics. memberships will again be available as Christinas Models, relief maps and photographs also AND ENDOWMENTS gifts this year. illustrate earth features too extensive to be BEQUESTS Here is a form of gift, obtainable at a low shown in any other way. Other models illus- Bequests to Field Museum of Natural History may be made in books or price, which removes for the giver all of the trate the occurrence of ores and minerals and securities, money, collections. They may, if desired, take the form of a memorial to burden of in the and the methods of extraction of valuable products hunting shops prepa- a person or cause, named by the giver. For those desiring ration of packages. At the same time it is a from them. In addition to exhibits and col- to make bequests, the following form is suggested: fossils in the forms in which gift of distinction, a singularly appropriate lections of they FORM OF BEQUEST selection to represent the man or woman of are found, life-size restorations of some of the / do hereby give and to Field Museum culture seeking a holiday remembrance for animals of the past, of early Man, and of trees bequeath of Natural History of the City of Chicago, State of Illinois, another man or woman of similar cultural and plants of the Coal Period have been pre- estate. When you give a Museum member- pared, while typical scenes of past geological ship you are paying a compliment to the recip- periods are represented by twenty-eight large ient of your gift, for it indicates you regard mural paintings. him or her as the type of person who appre- These exhibits occupy five halls of the Cash contributions made within the taxable year to Field Museum not 15 cent of the tax- ciates the things which are of the intellect. Museum and a part of a sixth, the exhibit of exceeding per payer's net income are allowable as deductions in com- Moreover, such a gift is not put aside and the gems sharing space with jewels chiefly of puting net income under Article 251 of Regulation 69 giver forgotten within a short time; instead, anthropological interest. While, as a rule, relating to the income tax under the Revenue Act of 1926. it has a lasting effect as a reminder of the only the larger or more important specimens Endowments may be made to the Museum with the giver, for times a year the person to are shown in the exhibits, all are available many provision that an annuity be paid to the patron for life. whom it is given will receive copies of Field in study collections for intensive and detailed These annuities are tax-free and are guaranteed against Museum News, invitations to special lectures investigations. fluctuation in amount. October, 1931 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS Page S

KISH EARRINGS EXHIBITED with numerous slender jointed stems, whorls their skill and industry to the successful pro- of delicate wedge-shaped leaves, and long duction of the group. Charles A. Corwin, The remarkable gold earrings from ancient fruiting catkin-shaped spikes, resembling Staff Artist of the Museum, executed the Kish, obtained recently by the Field Museum- closely the spore-bearing spikes. of the background. Oxford University Joint Expedition to painting The of the amount Mesopotamia, and preservation prodigious Thanks are due to Samuel Chambers of of forest litter that was converted into coal is the Museum of McGill described in an article Redpath University, evidence of the of conditions such for to obtain on page 4 of the Sep- prevalence Montreal, permission impres- of and a sour his tember Field Mu- as a super-abundance water sions of valuable specimens in collection soil which and to Dr. R. C. Curator of Inverte- seum News, are now swamp prevented decomposition Bassler, on exhibition in and decay on a large scale. Such conditions brate Paleontology of the United States are also indicated by characteristics of the National Museum, Washington, D.C., who Stanley Field Hall of plants, especially the superficial and peculiar permitted Field Museum to obtain a selection the Museum (Case 11). root of the clubmosses. With from the extensive material of Penn- The accompanying system big duplicate the elevation of the land and estab- fossils of the collection in illustration shows the general sylvanian Lecoq lishment of drier conditions in the next period, his care. largest and most in- the Permian, most of the Carboniferous flora During the entire course of the work the tricately designed of The great spore-bearing trees writer has had the advice and generous the four earrings. The disappeared. were unable to maintain themselves or to cooperation of Professor A. C. No6, the paleo- picture is magnified to propagate their kind except in the presence botanist of the University of Chicago, whose approximately twice, of abundant moisture. intimate and extensive of the Car- actual size. The ear- knowledge Not the least interesting feature of the boniferous flora has made him a preeminent rings were found in Carboniferous forest is its animal life. Insects on this graves identified as authority subject. were numerous. They were still in large Valuable advice and material pertaining to belonging to the period very and much less varied than they details of structure of the vertebrates included of Nebuchadnezzar, part primitive, have become. modern in the have been furnished Professor who ruled over Kish subsequently Many group by had not made their W. K. of Columbia and and Babylon about groups yet appearance, Gregory University but together with the simplest forms embody- of the American Museum of Natural History, 2,500 years ago. In ing all primitive characteristics of winged New York, and Professor A. S. Romer of the design and workman- insects there were others already specialized Walker Museum of the of ship they compare University Chicago. in directions pointing to modern orders such Kish Earring favorably with the as ants, and wasps. work of the best gold- grasshoppers, bugs, flies, LIZARDS BY PARCEL POST Compared with recent forms they were large smiths and jewelers of later times in Europe By Karl P. Schmidt in size and rather clumsy. They had two and elsewhere. Assistant Curator of Reptiles pairs of equal wings but were adapted more The earrings are displayed with other repre- The keeping of frogs and lizards in a for short flits and glides than for flight. The sentative archaeological material excavated small cage with earth and plants simulating roaches were present in almost incredibly from the ruins of Kish by the Museum natural conditions is a simple matter, quite large numbers and were represented by many expedition. as suitable to private homes as are the more hundreds of species, some of large size. familiar aquaria. Such dry cages or "ter- Some of the primitive dragonflies were raria" are, in fact, very popular in Europe, COAL AGE FOREST RESTORED enormous, attaining dimensions that never and an extensive traffic in frogs, lizards, (Continued from page 1 ) since have been equaled in the insect world. snakes, and turtles has grown up in connec- the exhibit has a branching trunk, One of these giant forms with a spread of wing sparsely tion with this hobby. and foliage massed on of more than two feet may be seen in the strapshaped leathery Since cold-blooded creatures do not re- the branches as in some trees of the lily family. exhibit, together with roaches up to three and quire food for weeks on end, and even require Although related to the conifer line, the Cor- one-half inches long, and several examples very little air, it has proved possible to ship daites trees did not produce cones; instead, of the most primitive insects known. small and medium-sized amphibians and their seeds were borne on small shoots in the The earliest remains of four-legged animals lizards of reptiles by mail. Snakes and are leaf axils, much as in the ginkgos to which are from the Lower Carboniferous rocks usually sent enclosed in cloth sacks which they are distantly related. Europe. They are mostly salamander-like are placed in light wooden boxes, with covers The shade of the canopy of branches was forms with abundant indication of their securely tacked down. Cardboard mailing not too dense to prevent the existence in the aquatic ancestry which is possibly to be tubes are especially suited to small shipments Carboniferous forest of a luxuriant vegetation sought among the lungfishes of the preceding of this kind. of lesser size, and the fossil remains include an period. In Upper Carboniferous time they Frogs and salamanders cannot withstand extraordinary variety of stems and foliage of became more numerous, and many species are drying, but even these delicate creatures may fern-like aspect. So numerous are these that known from both Europe and North America. be shipped long distances packed in moss the Carboniferous age is often called the Age They range in size and shape from tiny sala- which is damp but not wet. Excess moisture of Ferns. It is now known that these fern-like manders to eel-like forms six or more feet in proves as fatal to frogs as a deficiency. fossils are derived from two very distinct kinds The largest perhaps seldom or never length. Sphagnum moss dipped in water and then of plants, true spore-bearing ferns, partly on emerged from the water of the lakes and pools thoroughly wrung out meets this require- the order of present-day tree-ferns, and a large of the forest. Most of the others, judging ment excellently. variety of seed-bearing plants with fern-like from their structure, were amphibious rather Occasional specimens of amphibians and foliage which at first led to their confusion than purely terrestrial in their habits. They reptiles, intended for use in the preparation with the ferns. These latter are often spoken had feeble legs and retained the elongated of exhibition models, are received alive in of as seedferns, and their seeds resemble those body form adapted to swimming. From this this way at Field Museum of Natural His- of the cycads which appeared later. early vertebrate stock there arose the early tory. Such parcels are relatively unfamilar Several seedferns are included in the group. reptiles and from these in the course of time in the United States, and a package from One of these is the famous Lyginodendron, a all the other higher vertebrates. In the his- Spain, opened for customs inspection in the climber or semiclimber. It is easily recog- tory of life on earth there have been few more Chicago postoffice, caused no little excite- nized by its proproots, its delicate fern-like important periods than the Carboniferous. ment when a large ocellated lizard escaped. foliage borne by the slender forked stalk of With the work on this group concluded, The mail clerks who had to move drawers its leaves, and by its special fruiting frond acknowledgments are due to those who have and boxes to recapture the creatures were among its upper leaves. Ascending a small directly or indirectly contributed to its execu- not very appreciative of the extra- Lepidodendron tree on the right of the exhibit tion. They should be made first of all to probably ordinary beauty of this lizard, with its black is a characteristically Carboniferous climber, Ernest R. Graham of the Museum's Board of and green back, and its sides brilliantly Mariopteris, with stiff twice-branched fern- Trustees for his generosity in furnishing the with blue. like leaves. funds; to President Stanley Field of the spotted Stems of the tree-ferns are Museum for his to have the work frequent among permission Compiling Book on Colombia Carboniferous fossil remains. Several types carried out in the plant reproduction labora- are known, two of which are represented in tories maintained by him for the Department J. Alden Mason, former member of the staff the group. One of these does not differ greatly of Botany; and to Dr. Oliver C. Farrington, of the Department of Anthropology of Field in appearance from its modern relatives; the Curator of Geology, for his valuable advice Museum, and leader of the Marshall Field other is distinctly peculiar, due to the fan- and support. It is a pleasure to record the Archaeological Expedition to Colombia, has shaped arrangement of its fronds. cheerful cooperation of the laboratory staff: been spending a month at the Museum com- On the ground are small clumps of a com- John R. Millar, Emil Sella, George Peterson, piling data for a publication on the results of mon and characteristic plant of the Carbonif- Isidor Ilekis, Milton Copulos, and John Wol- his expedition. He is now connected with the erous swamp vegetation, Sphenophyllum, cott, all of whom have contributed through Museum of the University of Pennsylvania. Page i FIELD MUSEUM NEWS October, 1931

AUTUMN LECTURE COURSE November 14—The Eve of the Revolution* OCTOBER GUIDE-LECTURE TOURS BEGINS OCTOBER 3 A Trip to Banana Land Unselfish Shells Following is the schedule of conducted The fifty-sixth free lecture course presented tours of the exhibits during October: will on November 21—The Declaration of Indepen- by Field Museum begin Saturday, October 1: 11 dence* Thursday, a.m. and 3 p.m., General October 3. In all there will be nine lectures Tours; Friday: 11 a.m., Industrial Models, 3 P.M., The Africa and on science and travel. Eminent explorers and Hamster Family Madagascar. — naturalists will appear, and their lectures will A Jungle Roundup Week beginning October 5 Monday: 11 a.m., Reptiles and Amphibians, 3 p.m., Crystals and Gems; be illustrated with motion and stere- pictures November 28—The Pilgrims* Tuesday: 11 a.m., Plant-life, Past and Present, 3 p.m., will be on opticon slides. All the lectures Animals Prepare for Winter Mummies; Wednesday: 11 a.m., Pewter, Bronze and 3 p.m. Cloisonne, 3 p.m., South American Thurs- Saturday afternoons, and will begin at Children of the Sun Archaeology; day: 11 a.m. and 3 p.m., General Tours; Friday: 11 a.m., will be given in the James Simpson They — The Totem-pole Makers, 3 P.M., Creatures of the Seas. Theatre of the Museum. December 5 Winter Birds Week beginning October 12—Monday: 11 a.m., Use- Snowflakes ful Minerals and 3 Following is the complete schedule of dates, Metals, p.m., Melanesia; Tuesday: Mr. Groundhog Wakes Up 11 a.m., American Archaeology, 3 p.m., Looms and subjects and speakers: Skating in the Spreewald Textiles; Wednesday: 11 a.m., Mexico, 3 p.m., Building Materials; Thursday: 11 a.m. and 3 p.m., General Tours; 3—An African *Yale Chronicles. Gift of Mr. to the October Hunting Trip Chauncey Keep Friday: 11 a.m., People of the Far North, 3 p.m., Useful Dr. Thomas S. Arbuthnot, Museum Fibers and Resins. Pittsburgh Each program is given twice, at 10 A.M. Week beginning October 19—Monday: 11 a.m., The — Young of Mammals and Birds, 3 P.M., Roman Home October 10 Burma and at 11. Children from all parts of Chicago Louis H. Baker, Hamilton, Ontario and Life; Tuesday: 11 a.m., Crocodiles, Snakes and Turtles, suburbs are invited to attend. 3 p.m., Musical Instruments; Wednesday: 11 A.M., October 17—Bryce, Zion and Grand Can- Chinese Art, 3 P.M., North American Trees and Their yons Uses; Thursday: 11 a.m. and 3 p.m., General Tours; with Lumiere Auto- Friday: 11 a.m., Comparative Anatomy, 3 p.m., Peoples (Illustrated of the South Seas. chrome plates) SPECIAL NOTICE Dr. C. O. Schneider, Chicago Week beginning October 26—Monday: 11 a.m., All Members of Field Museum who Indians of Plains and Deserts, 3 p.m., Peat, Coal and 24— in the Canadian October Pioneering have changed their residences or are Oil; Tuesday: 11 a.m., Man Through the Ages, 3 P.M., Peace River South American Animals; Wednesday: 11 a.m., Egyp- Country planning to do so are earnestly urged Professor Charles C. Colby, Profes- tian Art, 3 p.m., Prehistoric Animals; Thursday: 11 a.m. to the at once of and 3 sor of Geography, University of notify Museum p.m., General Tours; Friday: 11 a.m., Jewelry, Chicago their new addresses, so that copies of 3 p.m., Habitat Groups. FIELD and all other October 31—East of Suez MUSEUM NEWS Persons wishing to participate should communications from the H. C. Ostrander, Yonkers, New Museum apply at North Entrance. Tours are free York reach them may promptly. and no gratuities are to be proffered. A new November 7—Mexico schedule will appear each month in Field Fred Payne Clatworthy, Estes Park, Museum News. Guide-lecturers' services Colorado Sculptress' Work Progresses for special tours by parties of ten or more November 14—Explorations in the Old Maya are available free of charge by arrangement Empire Miss Malvina Hoffman, noted sculptress with the Director a week in advance. *- Dr. Sylvanus G. Morley, Carnegie commissioned by Field Museum to execute Institution, Washington, D.C. more than 100 life-size figures, busts and November 21 —On the Trail of the Viking heads of the various living races of man Captain Donald B. MacMillan which are to be exhibited in Chauncey Keep NEW MEMBERS — Memorial returned to November 28 Camera Shooting in the Hall, America from The following persons were elected to Southern Marshes Europe recently with the first completed membership in Field Museum during the Alfred M. Bailey, Director, Chicago figures, numbering about thirty. After a from 18 to 17: of Sciences period August September Academy brief stay in this country, during which she No tickets are necessary for admission visited the Museum for a conference with Corresponding Members to these lectures. officials, she departed for Honolulu and the Professor Stephen Langdon, Dr. Ludwig Diels. Far East to continue with her task. Associate Members Mrs. Julian Armstrong, Kingman Douglass, Sol CHILDREN'S ENTERTAINMENTS Ekenstein, Mrs. Sidney H. Gettelman, Miss Margaret —RAYMOND FOUNDATION Eskimo Collection Received H. Graham, Fowler McCormick, S. A. Tucker, James Z. Van Winkle. more free motion of A new collection of Eskimo Ten picture programs archaeological Sustaining Members the autumn series for children, provided by the material from the Bering Straits region has Mrs. Caryl B. Young James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond been received by Field Museum through an Foundation for Public School and Children's exchange with the United States National Annual Members Lectures, remain to be given on Saturday Museum at Washington. Added to the collec- Dr. J. B. Anderson, Mrs. Fred A. Bartman, mornings during October, November and tions of this kind which were presented to Frederick W. Bunts, Mrs. T. W. Burrows, Mrs. Griffith Chadwick, John J. Coburn, Harley O. Gable, Willis S. December. The first, a special of the Museum by Trustee John Borden as a program Hilpert, W. Kelso Hunter, Donald Kirkpatrick, F. H. result of Indian films, was given on September 26. the Borden-Field Museum Arctic Kuflman, Jr., Martin J. Murray, Robert W. Nessler, J. F. O'Neil, Mrs. Charles H. Pajeau, Miss Erna M. is of the dates and Expedition, the new material builds up a Following thejschedule Pohlmann, Mrs. E. Rhodes, Herbert Sieck, comprehensive series of objects for prepara- Joseph the titles of the films to be shown on each: Albert A. Sprague, Jr., Mrs. Wilmer M. States, D. F. tion of an exhibit which will be installed in Sweeney, W. W. Watkins, L. C. Welch, Ray A. October 3—Elephant Seals the near future. Whidden, Mrs. Jason F. Whitney. Shooting Rapids The Woolly West Thrills IN FIELD Cowboy Passenger pigeons, once common but now MEMBERSHIP MUSEUM October 10—Columbus* extinct, are preserved for posterity in an Field Museum has several classes of Members. or devise or more. Tricks or exhibit at Field Museum. Benefactors give $100,000 Contribu- Weapons? tors give or devise $1,000 to $100,000. Life Members Secrets of the Sea give $500. Non-Resident (Life) and Associate Members pay $100. Non-Resident Associate Members $50. October 17—The Sacred Beetle pay Gifts to the Museum All the above classes are exempt from dues. Sustaining Wonder Book III Members contribute $25 annually. After six years they become Associate Members. Annual Members con- From Mountain to Cement is a list of some of the Following principal tribute Other are Sack $10 annually. memberships Corpo- gifts received during the last month: rate, Honorary, Patron, and Corresponding, additions Theatre under these classifications made action The Dogville From Florida-Louisiana Red — being by special Cypress Company of the Board of Trustees. October 24—Glimpses of India single and double "knee" of southern cypress speci- mens; from Robert B. Jones —a stone ax and Each Member, in all classes, is entitled to free in White grooved People (Korea) 10 flint spear-heads; from Mr. and Mrs. George W. admission to the Museum for himself, his family and house and to two reserved seats for When Elk Come Down Field—prehistoric arrow and spear points, rejects, guests, Museum lectures for Members. to Field How a Fire fragments, etc.; from John T. Zimmer—a prehistoric provided Subscription Rangers Fight is with all stone pounder; from Roy Muhr—a Mastodon skull; Museum News included memberships. The October 31—The Settlement of James- from Robert B. Jones—3 specimens invertebrate fossils courtesies of every museum of note in the United town* and 15 specimens minerals; from Albert O'Conner—a States and Canada are extended to all Members of kingfisher; from John M. Schmidt—a soft-shelled Field Museum. A Member may give his personal card to A Trip to a Zoo turtle, a water snake, and 8 garter snakes; from General non-residents of Chicago, upon presentation of House—a from which will be admitted to the Museum without 7— Maizok of the South Seas Biological Supply pocket gopher skin; they November Anton C. G. Kaempfer—a lower jaw of a four-tusked charge. Further information about memberships will Magic Gems Mastodon. be sent on request.

FIELD MUSEUM PRESS News Published Monthly by Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago

Vol. 2 NOVEMBER, 1931 No. 11

GROUP OF SOUTH AMERICAN TAPIRS IS ADDED TO MAMMAL HABITAT SERIES Wilfred H. Osgood By Panama to Paraguay. It is a shy, inoffen- light spots and stripes which disappear in Curator, Department of Zoology sive animal, fond of wallowing in mud and the adult. These serve to render it incon- in the Unlike Africa and tropical Asia, South water, but also resorting at times to rela- spicuous alternating light and shade of the and America at the present time does not support tively dry uplands. It is mainly nocturnal jungle may at times afford it some measure of a mammal fauna including many species and for protection from its enemies depends protection. of large size. Although its mammals are upon concealment and watchfulness in Among present day animals, tapirs are numerous and of great interest, they are which keen scent doubtless plays a large most closely related to horses, and fossil mostly of small or medium size. Among part. It can run at fair speed for a short remains of certain extinct mammals indicate the larger ones none is more peculiar or distance, but this is but partial defence quite clearly that tapirs and horses were characteristic than the tapir. Therefore, against such an enemy as the jaguar, and derived from a common ancestor. The toes this animal was chosen as the subject of stealth, therefore, is its only recourse. Its of tapirs are divided much as in some of the fifth South American group for the Hall short proboscis, which in structure is much the ancestral horses, and their teeth, al- of American Mammal though less complicated Habitat Groups. Other in structure, show basic animals now represented resemblances to those of in this series include the horses. Even superficially guanaco, marsh deer, it is easily seen that the great anteater, jaguar, shape of a tapir's head is and capybara. similar to that of a horse. The group of American Besides the several tapir, recently completed, tapirs of America, there shows three specimens— is only one other living two adults and one partly species, the Malay tapir, grown young. They are which is confined to a represented in mid-day small area in southeastern under the shade of a tree Asia and the East Indies. at the edge of a grassy Since many fossil tapirs swamp. Beyond them have been found in stretches a painted scene various parts of the world, typical of southwestern it is evident that the Brazil—open marsh and living species, although scattered clumps of small now so widely separated, trees from which here and were formerly connected. there a palm sends up its They are remnants proba- slender but towering bly saved from extinction trunk. by the vastness and al- South American Tapirs Although there are at most impenetrable nature New exhibit in Hall 16. The specimens were obtained by the Marshall Field South American least two other of of the jungles in which species Expedition of 1926. tapirs found in tropical they live. America, both of these are restricted to like the trunk of an elephant, is probably The specimens for the Museum's group special regions, one in Central America and too small for more than limited use as an were collected by Assistant Curator Colin the other in the mountains of Ecuador, so organ of prehension and perhaps should be C. Sanborn during the Marshall Field South the name American tapir is applied to the regarded principally as an outward evidence American Expedition of 1926. The taxi- common and widespread species which of a very highly developed sense of smell. dermy is by Julius Friesser, and the painted ranges throughout the lowlands from The young tapir is sharply marked with background by Charles A. Corwin.

MODERN ARABS OF THE KISH AREA A small group of Bedouins was also studied. EXHIBIT OF DYES AND TANNINS By Henry Field The Bedouins belong to the same racial stock Recently added to the economic exhibits as the other Arab inhabitants of the but Assistant Curator of Physical Anthropology area, of the Department of Botany are collections for hundreds of years their tribes have At the conclusion of the season of excava- many of vegetable dyes, and of tanning materials, wandered over the desert, and have mixed tions in 1927-28 by the Field Museum-Ox- which have been placed on view in Hall 28. very little with agricultural groups which live ford University Joint at Kish, The dyestuffs include many which have been Expedition in and around the towns. The results of the I devoted some in common use historic time. Mesopotamia (Irak), time work done among the throughout to a detailed of the anthropometric these are henna, indigo, madder, anthropometric study Bedouins would that are more Among modern Arabs who live in the Kish area. suggest they saffron, turmeric, catechu, and Persian The incursions consistently dolichocephalic. berries. Also are such materials The statistics thereby obtained show that displayed of brachycephalic peoples into Mesopotamia cochineal there if as brazilwood, logwood, fustic, and has been little any change in the physi- did not have as marked an effect on them as arnatto, used for centuries by American cal characteristics of the population of that upon the other Arabs of the area. The area the Indians, who introduced them to Europeans. during past 5,500 years. The long- nomadic life of the Bedouins has undoubtedly headed element While the use of artificial dyes, especially (dolichocephalic) appears kept their dominant racial characters little to have been dominant in the cul- from coal tar, has reduced the importance earliest changed, while people of new racial strains tural and also to of natural dyestuffs, many of them still find levels, predominate among were attracted to the fertile region between the modern Arabs. Broad-headed application, according to James B. McNair, (brachy- the rivers Tigris and Euphrates where they to have been Assistant Curator of Economic Botany. The cephalic) peoples appear pres- mingled with the Arab population and there- ent, but in smaller and employment of harmless plant dyes for color- numbers, they proba- slightly affected the purity of the stock. by and other such is bly represent the aristocratic or ruling group, ing foods, oils, products in ancient Kish. The modern Arabs are pre- The manufacture of cement, from the becoming more widespread. dominantly dolichocephalic with a slight mining of the constituent limestone and The exhibit of tanning materials includes admixture of brachycephaly, which from clay to the storing of the completed product, hemlock bark, quebracho wood, gambier, skeletal evidence appears to have been super- is illustrated by a large model of a cement mangrove bark, sumach, myrobolan nuts, imposed on the population at an early date. plant in the Department of Geology. valonia acorns, and other plant products. Page t FIELD MUSEUM NEWS November, 19S1

Field Museum of Natural History tures, and other features of Museum mem- space and resources. The subjective or it will serve to remind the exhibits illustrate and Founded by Marshall Field, 1893 bership, recipient biological facts, ideas, of your thoughtfulness many times a year. theories about animals. In other words, Roosevelt Road and Lake Michigan, Chicago Both giver and receiver may derive satis- they present the evidence in simplified, faction from their identification with the form in such as THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES graphic subjects evolution, body of better citizens who are supporting variation, distribution, heredity, coloration, Wiujam H. Mitchell John Borden an cultural institution animal animal and William J. Chalmers Frederick H. Rawson important performing locomotion, psychology, R. T. Crane, Jr. George A. Richardson great public services. economic zoology. Marshall Field Martin A. Ryerson The cost is reasonable, various classes of Unknown to the general public and even Stanley Field Fred W. Sargent with are the or Ernest R. Graham Stephen C. Simms membership being available, beginning unsuspected by many study Albert W. Harris James Simpson the $10 Annual Membership. reference collections, the laboratories, and Samuel Insull, Jr. Solomon A. Smith Application forms and full details will the staff of specialists who preside over them. Albert A. Sprague William V. Kelley the December issue of the As someone has said in another Cyrus H. McCormick Silas H. Strawn accompany News, connection, William Wrigley, Jr. or they may be had earlier by telephoning or "The exhibit is the electric light and the writing the Museum. study collection is the dynamo that makes it OFFICERS glow." The quality of the study collections Stanley Field President and the scientific staff determines to a large Martin A. Ryerson First Vice-President THE DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY extent the instructiveness of the exhibits and Albert A. Sprague Second Vice-President —ITS AIMS AND ACTIVITIES James Simpson Third Vice-President the labels that go with them. It also governs Stephen C. Simms Director and Secretary Zoology is the science of animals. The the amount and accuracy of the information Solomon A. Smith . . . Treasurer and Assistant Secretary objects of a museum department of zoology, given to the community in response to therefore, are to master and to advance this requests by letter, by telephone and in FIELD MUSEUM NEWS science and to present it to the public attrac- person. The number of such requests is tively, instructively, and authoritatively. and the thus serves Stephen C. Simms, Director of the Museum Editor very large Department The study of animals, however, is such a as a bureau of zoological information not CONTRIBUTING EDITORS large subject that no museum ever has fully only for Chicago but for the whole middle Berthold Laufbr Curator of Anthropology encompassed it. From microscopic disease west. Coupled with this is cooperation with B. E. ahlgren Curator D Acting of Botany germs and the tiniest insects to huge elephants higher educational institutions both local and O. C. Farrington Curator of Geology of interest Wilfred H. Osgood Curator of Zoology and whales, the range conceivably national. include living thing outside the The staff carries the H. B. Harte Managing Editor may every zoological respon- realm of botany. sibility of keeping abreast of its subject and In order to carry out the objects success- of contributing to any advances in knowledge Field Museum is open every day of the year during the hours indicated below: fully many things are involved, but the of it that are made. By force of circum- are November, December, January 9 a.m. to 4 :30 P.M. fundamental requirements only two- stances, this responsibility now rests wholly February, March, April, October 9 a.m. to 5:00 PJI. specimens of animals or parts of animals, on the museum zoologist, since universities 9 a.m. to 6:00 P.M. May, June, July, August, September and knowledge about animals. For this and colleges are no longer able to carry it. Admission is free to Members on all days. Other reason the men who compose a good zoolog- Their effort is directed mainly to history adults are admitted free on Thursdays, Saturdays and ical staff are divided rather definitely into and to and to Sundays; non-members pay 25 cents on other days. theory, physiology, experi- Children are admitted free on all days. Students and two classes, those who are expert in the mental zoology, leaving the broad field which faculty members of educational institutions are admit- preparation of animal material and those centers in classification to the museum ted free any day upon presentation of credentials. who are specialists in the study of animals. zoologist. In other words, the museum can- The of the Museum, containing some 92,000 Library Results of the are obtained not to the for its volumes on natural history subjects, is open for refer- highest quality go university zoological ence daily except Sunday. only by the cooperative effort of the tech- knowledge but must produce its own, not Traveling exhibits are circulated in the schools of nician or artist on the one hand and the only for itself but for the world at large. Chicago by the Museum's Department of the N. W. scientist on the other. Therefore, research is an important feature Harris Public School Extension. Unfortunately, zoological specimens do not of the Department's work, and, so far as Lectures for school classrooms and and assemblies, for exhibition. More- staff of lecture tours for children at come ready-prepared other duties permit, the zoological special entertainments and the Museum, are provided by the James Nelson and over, wild animals do not offer themselves to Field Museum engages in studies the results Anna Louise Raymond Foundation for Public School be caught nor do they stand waiting to be of which are published by the Museum and and Children's Lectures. killed. A prime requisite for a department distributed to other institutions and Announcements of courses of free illustrated lectures of therefore, is like that of the the world. on science and travel for the public, and special lectures zoology, specialists throughout for Members of the Museum, will appear in Field famous recipe for the dish called jugged —Wilfred H. Osgood Museum News. hare, which begins with the direction, There is a cafeteria in the Museum where luncheon "First catch your hare." Hence expeditions Joins Staff is served for visitors. Other rooms are for Ornithologist provided to far countries are an important part of those bringing their lunches. W. Rudyerd Boulton, formerly a member the work. Many interesting animals are Members are requested to inform the Museum of the staff of the Carnegie Museum in of changes of address. now approaching extinction and others are promptly Pittsburgh, has been appointed Assistant confined to remote parts of the earth. These Curator of Birds at Field Museum. He must be obtained soon or not at all. REMINDER FOR CHRISTMAS will begin his duties here on November 2. The zoological exhibits of Field Museum Mr. Boulton is a graduate of the University of Attention was directed in the October are in three principal series: habitat groups Pittsburgh, and has carried on studies Field Museum News to the advantages of animals; classified collections of the most special at Columbia University. He has also had Field Museum memberships offer as Christ- important kinds of animals; and subjective wide field experience, having been a member mas gifts for your friends. The shopping zoology or special preparations designed to of various expeditions, especially in Africa. season will be on in full force shortly, so a illustrate and explain what the science of second reminder seems has learned about animals. timely. zoology AND Summarized briefly, Museum member- A love of animals is well nigh universal, BEQUESTS ENDOWMENTS ships are worthy of your consideration for and one of man's needs, like that for music Bequests to Field Museum of Natural History may be made in books or some of the people on your Christmas lists and art, is the pure enjoyment of contem- securities, money, collections. They may, if desired, take the form of a memorial to for the reasons: them. habitat following plating The groups, although a person or cause, named by the giver. For those desiring They will save you much thought and not uninstructive, serve largely to meet this to make bequests, the following form is suggested: physical effort in making selections of gifts, need. In their preparation effort is directed FORM OF BEQUEST hunting for them in the shops, and preparing to the production of effects that are beautiful I do and to Field Museum packages. as well as accurate and natural. The classi- hereby give bequeath of Natural History of the City of Chicago, State of Illinois, All you have to do is send in the name fied or systematic exhibits, although often of and address of the person to receive the great beauty, have a somewhat different membership. All details of presenting it at purpose. In a sense they form an objective the proper time, with an attractive card index or dictionary of the animal kingdom. bearing your name, are taken care of for Theoretically, at least, the different species Cash contributions made within the taxable year to Field Museum not 15 cent of the tax- the Museum. stand in each in its exceeding per you by proper sequence, place payer's net income are allowable as deductions in com- It is a gift of distinction, especially appro- among its relatives, ready to be examined puting net income under Article 251 of Regulation 69 for a man or woman of culture, and when needed. Practically, the number of relating to the income tax under the Revenue Act of priate 1926. in presenting such a gift you are paying a species is so vast that no museum can Endowments may be made to the Museum with the compliment to the recipient. attempt to show all of them, so they are provision that an annuity be paid to the patron for life. Through the monthly issues of Field carefully selected to include the most im- These annuities are tax-free and are guaranteed against Museum News, invitations to special lec- portant ones according to limitations of fluctuation in amount. November, 1931 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS Page S

EXPEDITION TO THE SOUTHWEST that there is a burial ground undiscovered CHILDREN'S ENTERTAINMENTS RETURNS WITH COLLECTIONS as yet; that cremation was practised and —RAYMOND FOUNDATION that the crematories are yet to be found; By Paul S. Martin or that the dead were placed in crevices Five more free motion picture programs of Assistant Curator of North American Archaeology ; the and that the rains the autumn series for children, provided by the Leader, Field Museum Archaeological Expedition along canyon rim, to the Southwest which have fallen during the ten or more James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond intervening centuries, have washed into the Foundation for Public School and Children's From June to October this year, excava- canyon and finally into the rivers all Lectures, remain to be given on Saturday tions on the ruin, begun in the sum- Lowry evidences of burials. mornings during November and December. mer of 1930, were continued. Probably the As a result of the which was is the schedule of the dates most interesting single fact ascertained this expedition, Following and financed from funds Julius season was that the culture of the Lowry provided by the titles of the films to be shown on each: Rosenwald and the late N. Rosen- ruin is an offshoot of one known as that of Augusta the Museum received 70 of November 7—Maizok of the South Seas Chaco Canyon. The locale of the parent wald, pieces 400 potsherds, bone tools, and Magic Gems culture is nearly 300 miles southeast of the pottery; fragments of prayer sticks; 100 photographs; Lowry ruin. Thus this extension northward November 14—The Eve of the Revolution* ink drawings of every potsherd; ground and westward is greater than ever supposed. A Trip to Banana Land plans, cross sections, drawings of restora- The arise: How is it ascer- Unselfish Shells question may tions, and 1,200 feet of motion picture film. tained that the Lowry ruin is a Chaco November 21—The Declaration of Indepen- Canyon type? dence* from the or of FOSSIL RHINOCEROS SKULL First, ground plan layout The Hamster Family the The ruin not village. Lowry belongs A splendid skull of the great woolly A Jungle Roundup to the cliff-house but rather to the type, rhinoceros, Coelodonla antiquatatus, has mesa that is, it is built on a mesa top November 28—The Pilgrims* type; recently been received at the Museum from between two canyons. All the rooms are Animals Prepare for Winter the Royal Museum of Brussels, Belgium, clustered about the central row of chambers. Children of the Sun and has been placed on exhibition in Ernest If this ruin were of the Mesa Verde type, R. Graham Hall (Hall 38). December 5—Winter Birds which was to have been expected in this The woolly rhinoceros was common in Snowflakes the living quarters would be grouped region, and in Siberia as a member of the Mr. Wakes around numerous kivas. Europe Groundhog Up fauna of the third glacial period. It was Skating in the Spreewald the of architecture classifies Second, style related to the white rhinoceros of Africa and Yale Chronicles. Gift of Mr. Chauncey to the it as of the Chaco type. The con- Keep Canyon was of similar size. It is characterized by a Museum struction of the stone walls consists of thickening of the bones of the nose to support well-cut slabs of sandstone, chinked tabular, a long horn which was directed forward. Each program is given twice, at 10 a.m. with sandstone The doors and many spalls. A second lesser horn arose from the face and at 11. Children from all parts of Chicago ceilings, instead of being squat and low, as closely behind the first. The body was and suburbs are invited to attend. in the Mesa Verde are a type, high, distinctly covered with a heavy coat of woolly hair Chaco feature. which enabled the animal to endure the the BASKETRY MATERIALS Third, pottery, although manifesting extreme cold of the glacial period. local comes nearer to Chaco EXHIBITED many variations, A remarkable specimen preserved at the than to other any group. Museum of Leningrad has the side of the An exhibit of the principal materials used The beginnings of the Lowry pueblo were face still covered with golden brown wool. in basket making has been added to the humble and unpretentious, but as the cen- These rhinoceroses became extinct before economic botany collections in Hall 28. In turies passed the occupants conceived greater the close of the glacial period. world importance, four materials stand out building plans. Thus it is that there are above all others, according to James B. distinguishable five separate building periods McNair, Assistant Curator of Economic and probably seven occupations. The final Selected examples of birds of Paradise, Botany. They are the willows and rattan, result was a terraced pueblo, in stages one, the most curiously and gorgeously plumaged which furnish the most used materials in two, and three stories high, which contained group of birds from New Guinea, are on Europe and North America; mucroo, a approximately 80 rooms and was able to exhibition at the Museum. material peculiar to South America; and house 200 to 400 people. bamboos, which are the most What the reasons were for popular basket material of the the various withdrawals is not EXCAVATIONS ON THE LOWRY RUIN IN COLORADO Orient. clear. The time between each However, nearly all parts of varied probably from 50 to 100 native plants—roots, stems, years. The Chaco people were bark, leaves, fruits, seeds and ultimately driven out, and the gums—have been used by rooms were reoccupied by North American Indians, and Mesa Verde people, who made by the aborigines of other certain changes and additions. lands, in basket making, and The earliest date is not at a large collection of such present known, but the middle materials is also included in period of the pueblo was the exhibit. probably somewhere between a.d. 800 and 1000. Photographs of African The most startling dis- Plants covery was that of mural decorations on the kiva walls. A collection of forty These paintings are well pre- excellent photographs of served and represent symboli- remarkable plants of South cal ideas of either the origin Africa has been presented to of man, or rain and lightning. Field Museum by Herbert Most puzzling was the Lang, who, with Arthur S. failure to find any burial Vernay, led the Vernay-Lang grounds. In the centuries of Kalahari Expedition for the occupation many people must Museum. have died; but where and how the dead were disposed of is The famous Natural Bridge still unknown. This is of Virginia is represented by tantalizing, for it is from a faithful miniature model in graves that archaeologists the Department of Geology. usually obtain the maximum information regarding the past Mummies in the Egyptian View of kivas, one above the other, opened by Field Museum of people. It is Archaeological Expedition hall in date from history any to the Southwest. In the upper left corner of photograph are seen some of the symbolical (Hall J) range possible, though not probable, mural paintings representing lightning. {See article in first column of this page.) about 2300 B.C. to A.D. 200. Page k FIELD MUSEUM NEWS November, 1931

FOUR MORE LECTURES that pick up hard-shelled creatures for food. NOVEMBER GUIDE-LECTURE TOURS Some feeders fitted IN AUTUMN COURSE vegetable have them for cutting the food into small bits. Those Following is the schedule of conducted tours of exhibits Four more lectures in the fifty-sixth free that catch large, slippery prey have the the during November: course Field Museum remain throat teeth and directed presented by sharp backward, Week November 2— 11 lectures beginning Monday: a.m., to be given during November. The to help in holding the victims and forcing Eskimo Life, 3 P.M., Animals of Plains and Deserts; are given on Saturday afternoons in the them into the stomach. Tuesday: 11 a.m.. Physical Geology, 3 p.m., Borneo and Sumatra; Wednesday: 11 a.m., Burial Customs, 3 P.M., James Simpson Theatre of the Museum, Thus the pelican flounder can catch a big Reptiles; Thursday: 11 a.m. and 3 P.M., General Tours; are illustrated all at 3 P.M. in the and hold it there while : and begin They shrimp dipnet Friday 1 1 A.M., Animal Life in the Chicago Area, 3 p.m. , with motion pictures and stereopticon slides. nibbling at it with the throat teeth until it Clothing of Primitive Peoples. naturalists have been Eminent explorers and has been made small enough to be swallowed. Week beginning November 9 —Monday: 11 a.m., engaged as lecturers. The food will keep, for the temperature of Giants of Long Ago, 3 P.M., Mound Builders; Tuesday: 11 A.M., Systematic Birds, 3 P.M., Weavers in Many is the schedule of the water and of the fish is only just above Following dates, subjects Lands; Wednesday: 11 A.M., Chinese Exhibits, 3 P.M., the of fresh colder and speakers: freezing point water and Skeletons; Thursday: 11 a.m. and 3 P.M., General Tours; than most Friday: 11 A.M., American Indians, 3 p.m., Gems and November 7—Mexico refrigerators. Like all its relatives, the pelican flounder Jewelry. Fred Payne Clatworthy, Estes Park, — Colorado has both its eyes on the same side of Week beginning November 16 Monday: 11 A.M., 3 Fishes, Past and Present; Tuesday: the head. The eyeballs are larger than Pottery, P.M., November 14—Explorations in the Old Maya 11 A.M., Animal Families, 3 P.M., Story of Early Man; the thickness of the head and stand on the 11 3 Trees and Wood Empire Wednesday: A.M., Egypt, P.M., surface, ordinarily. When they must be Products; Thursday: 11 A.M. and 3 p.m., General Tours; Dr. Sylvanus G. Morley, Carnegie 11 3 Wood and Stone D.C. Friday: A.M., Rodents, P.M., Institution, Washington, Carvings. November 21—On the Trail of the Viking Week beginning November 23—Monday: 11 A.M., Captain Donald B. MacMillan The Panda and Its Relatives, 3 P.M., Weapons and Armor; Tuesday: 11 A.M., Game Birds, 3 P.M., The in November 28—Camera Shooting the Art of the Hopi and Navaho Tribes; Wednesday: Southern Marshes 11 a.m., Roman Exhibits, 3 P.M.,— Prehistoric Life; Alfred M. Bailey, Director, Chicago Thursday: Thanksgiving holiday no tours; Friday: Academy of Sciences 11 A.M., Marine Life, 3 P.M., Moon and Meteorites; Monday, November 30: 11 A.M., Homes in Many Lands, No tickets are necessary for admission 3 P.M., Jade Exhibits. to these lectures. Pelican Flounder Persons wishing to participate should apply at North Entrance. Tours are free THE PELICAN FLOUNDER Strange deep-sea fish that stores its prey in a pouch. A reproduction now on exhibition in Albert W. Harris and no gratuities are to be proffered. A new By Alfred C. Weed Hall (Hall 18). schedule will appear each month in Field Assistant Curator of Fishes Museum News. Guide-lecturers' services drawn in they project into the mouth, which for special tours by parties of ten or more Conditions in the cold depths of the ocean a little to room for them. spreads give are available free of charge by arrangement seem to force all creatures living there to A celluloid of one of these reproduction with the Director a week in advance. take on strange shapes. Some of the fish strange fishes has been made by Staff Taxi- are long and slender. Others are short and dermist A. G. Rueckert and is now on ex- flat and almost thick. Still others are broad, hibition in Albert W. Harris Hall (Hall 18). as thin as a wafer. Many of them have very NEW MEMBERS elastic stomachs so that they can swallow The following persons were elected to creatures than themselves. UNIQUE RACING TROPHY actually larger membership in Field Museum during the more than ago Something thirty-five years An ancient Chinese bronze vase, now on from 18 to October 15: States Bureau of Fisheries period September the United exhibition in Stanley Field Hall, was repro- Albatross was sent to the steamer study duced in solid gold and used as the trophy Associate Members ocean and its inhabitants in the vicinity of in the Hawthorne Gold Cup race of the Mrs. J. Ogden Armour, Mrs. James E. Baum, the course of the Hawaiian Islands. During Chicago Business Men's Racing Association William F. Bode, Miss Mary Brenza, Mitchell D. channels between Miss Anne C. Ross O. Hinkle, dredging in one of the deep which was run on October 8. Follansbee, Hemple, L. T. McMenemy, Mrs. Francis C. Sherman, Sr., Mrs. the islands, a very strange flounder was The original vase represents the art of Charles W. Ware. This fish was almost as transparent caught. the Han Dynasty, and was made about as and hardly thicker than a sheet of Sustaining Members glass 1,800 years ago, according to Dr. Berthold cardboard although it was about eleven Harry F. Vories, Jr. Laufer, Curator of Anthropology, who at inches and nearly three inches wide, long the request of the racing association selected Annual Members across the fins. Its stomach seemed to the subject to be reproduced. It is a tech- be very small, the whole body cavity being Arch W. Anderson, H. A. Baker, Mrs. William F. nical masterpiece of casting. Brown, Edmund Burke, Mrs. Gerald M. Butler, Mrs. scarcely larger than a twenty-five cent piece. Mrs. Edward The use of a replica of this vase is a demon- Glen C. Carnahan, Dr. James T. Case, The bones seemed to be united so firmly S. Mrs. Carl A. Hedblom, stration of the of of the Clark, Eugene Feuchtinger, that the stomach could not expand, except applicability many Mrs. Robert G. Hunt, Mrs. Grace L. Knautz, Henry objects in the anthropological collections for J. Mrs. James P. McManus, Asher Moment, a little in thickness. Lalley, adaptation to modern arts and industries, George S. Monk, Clarence Morgan, James F. Oates, The most surprising thing about this fish F. J. Pearson, Conrad E. Ronneberg, Charles W. either in reproductions or, by their suggestive was its mouth. The jaws were long, slender Spooner, Miss Emily Staples, Dr. Yorke B. Sutch, values, in design. Miss Pearl Torpe, William P. White, Mrs. Morris K. and curved at the tips. Instead of slightly Wilson, Mrs. Leander L. Winters. the meaty structures that we see on the floor of the mouth of a bass, this fish had a thin, Gifts to the Museum that could be stretched tough membrane Following is a list of some of the principal almost to form a like the MEMBERSHIP IN FIELD MUSEUM indefinitely pouch gifts received during the last month: one a pelican uses to carry home a fish dinner. Field Museum has several classes of Members. From B. Knoblock—5 and 2 archaeo- of these fish were ethnological Benefactors give or devise $100,000 or more. Contribu- When, later, some caught Missouri and logical specimens, Wisconsin, Illinois; tors give or devise $1,000 to $100,000. Life Members with shrimps in the pouch, it from R. Inc. —22 inscribed oracle deep-sea Bensabott, bones, give $500. Non-Resident (Life) and Associate Members 1500 from seemed even more certain that the slender, Shang dynasty (about BC), China; Ralph pay $100. Non-Resident Associate Members pay $50. A. Bond—an board, Philippine Islands; from James flexible and the elastic membrane were ipil All the above classes are exempt from dues. Sustaining jaws Zetek—361 herbarium specimens, Canal Zone; from as a to catch — Members contribute $25 annually. After six years they actually used, first, dipnet Companhia Ford Industrial do Brazil 28 fiber plants, become Associate Members. Annual Members con- it until from The Williamson Veneer —2 food and, second, as a purse to hold Brazil; Company tribute $10 annually. Other are Corpo- of Santa Maria veneer, Panama; from Herbert memberships for it in the stomach or panels rate, Honorary, Patron, and Corresponding, additions there was room — 17 of rare from E. A. C. Walther specimens metals; under these classifications made action until it could be made small to be — from being by special enough Mueller 174 fulgurites, Wisconsin; The Stauffer of the Board of Trustees. swallowed. Chemical Company—3 specimens of sulphur, Texas: Each in all is to free from Western Borax Company, Ltd.—a specimen of Member, classes, entitled few fishes use their jaw teeth for admission to the Museum for his and Very kernite (borax ore), California; from Hobart M. Smith— himself, family house to reserved seats for biting or crushing their food after it is 15 lizards. Oklahoma, Texas and New Mexico; from guests, and two Museum lectures for Members. to Field inside the mouth. are used to G. F. Ryan and George E. Carey, Jr.—a seladang, provided Subscription safely They is all French lndo-China; from Major Chapman Grant— Museum News included with memberships. The catch or hold the food or to cut or crush it courtesies of museum of note in the United 21 frogs, Porto Rico; from Theron Wasson—a barbet every it States and Canada are extended to all Members of loose from the place where grows. Back skin, headwaters of Rio Napo, Ecuador; from Dr. Field Museum. A Member his card in the behind the gills and just at Mary J. Guthrie—9 bats in alcohol, Missouri; from may give personal throat, to non-residents of of Cincinnati Society of Natural History—2 paratypes Chicago, upon presentation the entrance to the gullet is a set of bones which to the of salamander, North Carolina; from Thomas K. they will be admitted Museum without that usually bear teeth. They are hard and Birks—2 snakes, Wisconsin; from Mrs. W. P. Cronican charge. Further information about memberships will be sent on heavy and used like millstones by the fish —a fox snake, Illinois. request. PRINTED BY PIELD MUSEUM PRESS um News Published Monthly by Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago

Vol. 2 DECEMBER, 1931 No. 12

NEW HALL OF CHINESE JADES IS OPENED; COLLECTION OF 1,200 DISPLAYED

One of the world's finest and most com- archaic pieces (which are well represented in jade was a material of particular and superior prehensive collections of Chinese jades, the Museum collection) are carved from a virtues, however, it was set apart in a valued at several hundred thousand dollars, kind of jade no longer obtainable, as the category of its own and was used exclusively and comprising more than 1,200 objects supply was scarce and soon became exhausted. for ceremonial and religious purposes. A carved in a myriad variety of forms, was Owing to long burial and chemical action stone chisel served for daily use, while a placed on exhibition at Field Museum with of the soil, most ancient jades have under- jade chisel was endowed with magical prop- the opening last month of a new hall (Hall 30 gone alterations in composition and color. erties that would bring luck to its owner, on the second floor) devoted entirely to In many instances these color changes have who carefully kept it during his lifetime jades. The jades range from ancient pieces enhanced the beauty of the objects. and had it buried with him. Axes, hammers, of the archaic period which began at an The popular saying that dead men tell knives, daggers, and swords were likewise unknown time roughly estimated at 2000 no tales is a fallacy. Dead men do tell reproduced in the precious material and B.C., down to the end of the eighteenth tales. Every detective knows it, and every functioned in the grave as dispensers of century—a span of nearly light, demon-killers and 4,000 years in the develop- dispellers of nefarious in- ment of one of the most fluences. Large swords and important of the fine arts knives were emblems of of China. sovereign power and also In connection with the played a part in religious wealth and treasures of the rites. Examples of all these Orient one naturally thinks types of jade objects are first of all of King Solomon, included in the collection and remembers Christ's at Field Museum. saying, "Consider the lilies In ancient times it was of the field, how they grow; customary to send to the they toil not, neither do funeral of a deceased rela- they spin; yet I say unto tive or friend an ornament you, that even Solomon in of jade which was placed all his glory was not arrayed on the tongue of the corpse. like one of these." It may This was the last tribute now be assumed also that paid by the mourner to his Solomon never beheld and departed friend. These never owned a single piece ornaments were usually of jade, although he was a carved in the shape of a contemporary of the Chou cicada. In the same dynasty when the carving manner as the larva creeps of jade was a highly de- into the ground and rises veloped art in China, and again in the state of the when the Chinese sover- pupa, until finally the eigns, as high priests of the cicada emerges, so the dead nation, performed a func- were believed to awaken to tion strikingly similar to a new life. The cicada that of the High Priest of amulet therefore was an White Jade Incense Burner Jerusalem. Like the latter, emblem of resurrection, an Carved all over In work with most exquisite lace. Ming the ruler of the old Chinese open comparable period expression of faith and (fifteenth-sixteenth century), China. About one-third actual i empire had received his hope. The mourner's last sacred mandate from Heaven, the supreme archaeologist who has learned to profit from gift signified that he desired to hear again deity of the universe, and by his command the detective's methods knows it as well. some day the voice of his dear one. Many ruled as the Son of Heaven. The dead man tells us a vivid tale through such amulets are exhibited in the jade hall. The emperor was responsible to Heaven the testimony of the objects interred with Various novel uses of jade are illustrated for his conduct and actions, being the him in his grave. The jades unearthed in the Museum collection. The ancient mediator between Heaven and his nation. from Chinese tombs are not dead and dumb Chinese notion of the shape of the earth, His virtues resulted in prosperity, his evil stones, but speak an eloquent language to flat and square outside, and rounded in the manners caused distress and calamities in him who is eager to listen with sympathy interior, is illustrated by many emblems of the empire. The sovereign was believed to to their voices. They reveal to us amazing the earth deity carved from jade in that be able to commune and consult with Heaven stories, the earliest mythological concepts, shape. Of interest is a pair of sandals made through the medium of a perforated disk man's intimate associations with the great of jade, and worn by ancient sovereigns of jade; for this stone was endowed with cosmic powers, his love of nature, the content during the imperial sacrifice to the deity of supernatural qualities, supposed to be and meaning of his worship, his family heaven. Jade handles for walking sticks, engendered by solar light and capable of bonds, his joys and sorrows, his yearning for in the shape of pigeons, are included in the transmitting messages to transcendental immortal life, his constant solicitude about collection. The pigeon was believed to have powers. When the great Emperor K'ang-hi the hereafter. They are hymns to nature special powers for digesting food, and gifts in 1688 conferred a posthumous honor on and the creator. The interpretation of the of these sticks to old men implied wishes of his deceased grandmother and had a docu- significance of all the manifold symbolism continued good health. ment to this effect carved on slabs of jade connected with these jades, their peculiar Many objects have historic interest. There (shown in the Museum's jade collection), he forms, and colors, is the result of many years is an imperial seal of jade, weighing six was actuated by the belief that his ancestress of hard study and research, and the 2,000 pounds, which was conferred upon the Em- in heaven would actually take notice of this labels of the eight cases in the Museum's press Jui, consort of Emperor Kia-k'ing of encomium. jade hall offer a liberal education in Chinese the Manchu dynasty on February 12, 1796, Jade was to the Chinese the most precious art, religious thought, and symbolism. when she received her first official appoint- substance produced by nature, and the Jade implements were fashioned as early ment as empress of China. favorite material for placing in graves. It as the neolithic age of China, and at first Among pieces outstanding in novelty are was believed to preserve the body and were on a par with common stone imple- jade chopsticks to please the vanity of an to aid in its resurrection. Many of the ments. When the belief gained ground that {Continued on page U) Page 2 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS December, 19S1

Field Museum of Natural History this institution. It will also inform them His fellow members of the Board had a high as to what their are as Members. for his counsel, and he was ever Founded by Marshall Field, 1893 privileges regard Additional Christmas Membership appli- ready to give freely of his time and energy Roosevelt Road and Lake Michigan, Chicago cation forms may be obtained by telephoning to assist in the best solution of all problems or writing the Museum. In order that the presented before the Board. That the THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES Museum may have ample time to deliver Museum was at all times close to his heart John Borden William H. Mitchell notification cards to the recipients of your is evidenced not only by his labors for it, William J. Chalmers Frederick H. Haw son" gifts Christmas it is advisable to but by his many generous gifts to the insti- *R. T. Jr. George A. Richardson by Day, Crane, in of which his Marshall Field Martin A. Ryerson send in applications before December 18. tution, consequence name Stanley Field Fred W. Sargent will be perpetuated among the Benefactors as Ernest R. Graham Stephen C. Simms Museum Memberships Christmas gifts of the Museum. He had also been elected Albert W. Harris Jambs Simpson have the following advantages: an Member of the in Samuel Insull, Jr. Solomon A. Smith Honorary Museum, William V. Kelley Albert A. Sprague They save you thought and physical effort recognition of other eminent services. McCormick Silas H. Straws Cyrus H. in making selections of gifts, hunting "Therefore, be it resolved that this expres- William required Wrigley, Jr. sion of our admiration and esteem for Mr. * Deceased for them in the shops, and preparing packages. our his our OFFICERS They are exceptionally appropriate gifts for Crane, and grief at passing from or culture. midst, be preserved on the Stanley Field President men women of permanently records of the Board. Martin A. Ryerson First Vice-President Through the monthly issues of Field Albert A. Sprague Second Vice-President "And be it further resolved that our Museum invitations to special lectures, deep James Simpson Third Vice-President News, other sympathy be conveyed to the members of Stephen C. Simms Director and Secretary and features of Museum membership, his family in their bereavement, and that a Solomon A. Smith . . . Treasurer and Assistant Secretary they serve to remind the recipient of your of this resolution be sent to his widow." thoughtfulness many times throughout the year, copy FIELD MUSEUM NEWS instead of only during the Christmas holidays. Both giver and receiver will derive satisfac- Collection from C. Suydam Cutting Stephen C. Simms, Director of the Museum Editor tion from being thus identified with the body Approximately 350 birds and 80 mammal CONTRIBUTING EDITORS of citizens who are supporting an important specimens, collected in Sikkim, India, on Berthold Laufer Curator of Anthropology institution performing great public educational the Tibetan border, have arrived at Field B. E. Dahlgren Acting Curator of Botany services, and promoting scientific advancement. Museum, representing the final results of O. C. Farrington Curator of Geology cost is various classes the conducted there for the Wilfred H. Osgood Curator of Zoology The reasonable, of expedition membership being available, beginning with Museum by C. Suydam Cutting of New H. B. Harte Managing Editor the $10 Annual Membership. York. From a scientist's standpoint this shipment contains the choicest material Field Museum is open every day of the year during received it includes numerous birds the hours indicated below: because DEATH OF RICHARD T. CRANE, JR. and animals either unknown or November, December, January 9 a.m. to 4:30 P.M. previously February, March, April, October 9 A.M. to 6:00 P.M. MOURNED AT MUSEUM very rare, according to Dr. Wilfred H. May, June, July, August, September 9 a.m. to 6 :00 p.m. Osgood, Curator of Zoology. Many of the Field Museum suffered a great loss in the Admission is free to Members on all days. Other animals were collected in the upper heights adults are admitted free on and recent death of Richard T. Crane, Jr., one Thursdays, Saturdays of the at altitudes exceeding Sundays; non-members pay 25 cents on other days. of its Trustees. Mr. Crane had rendered the Himalayas, Children are admitted free on all Students and feet. days. institution incalculable services both as a 16,000 faculty members of educational institutions are admit- Trustee and as a Benefactor. He was the ted free any day upon presentation of credentials. Bronzes Presented by President Field The of the some donor of munificent gifts totaling more than Library Museum, containing 92,000 bronze and volumes on natural history subjects, is open for refer- $100,000 in value. Twenty-three figures, busts, ence daily except Sunday. heads of peoples of various races, most of What Mr. Crane stood for, and what he Traveling exhibits are circulated in the schools of them reduced from life-size, valued at more to the is best Chicago by the Museum's Department of the N. W. represented Museum, perhaps than were to the Museum Harris Public School Extension. told in the follow- $12,000, presented last month by Stanley Field, President of Lectures for school classrooms and assemblies, and ing appreciative the institution. The were made special entertainments and lecture tours for children at resolution adopted sculptures the Museum, are provided by the James Nelson and by Miss Malvina Hoffman in connection Anna Louise for Public School by his fellow Raymond Foundation with her work of preparing exhibits for and Children's Lectures. Trustees following Chauncey Keep Memorial Hall (the hall of Announcements of courses of free illustrated lectures his sudden death: the races of mankind), which is now under on science and travel for the public, and special lectures "With profound for Members of the Museum, will appear in Field way. Museum News. sorrow and a keenly felt sense of There is a cafeteria in the Museum where luncheon great Harris Extension Cases Displayed is served for visitors. Other rooms are provided for loss, the Board of cases of the those bringing their lunches. Trustees of Field Twenty traveling exhibition Members are requested to inform the Museum Museum of Natural type circulated in the schools of Chicago promptly of changes of address. the N. W. Harris Public School Extension History records the by of Field Museum are on in a death, on Novem- display special booth at the International Live Stock FIELD MUSEUM MEMBERSHIPS ber 7, 1931, of held in the Union Stock Yards AS CHRISTMAS GIFTS Richard T. Crane, Exposition 28-December 5). Thousands of Jr., long one of the (November Member of Field Museum here for the Probably every most active of its out-of-town people exposition has a friend who is the type of person who members. Great are expected to visit the Museum during ought to be a fellow Member. The their in oppor- homage is due this stay Chicago. is to these tunity now presented bring man who in the Richard T. Crane, Jr. people into the membership, and at the AND ENDOWMENTS fifty-eight years of BEQUESTS same time solve a number of Christmas his life had become an outstanding leader in Bequests to Field Museum of Natural History may gift problems. both industrial and civic affairs. Endowed be made in securities, money, books or collections. They may, if desired, take the form of a memorial to Give friends Field Museum Member- which made him a brilliant your with capacities a person or cause, named by the giver. For those desiring ships as Christmas gifts. success, he was well-known also for his to make bequests, the following form is suggested: Enclosed with this issue of Field Museum sympathetic interest in the welfare of all FORM OF BEQUEST News will be found a folder describing the who were engaged in the enterprises he / do hereby give and to Field Museum of Museum's Christmas directed, and for his contributions to the bequeath gift membership plan, Natural History of the City of Chicago, State of Illinois, a handy application form for your conven- welfare of the community as a whole. There ience, and a postage-prepaid envelope for was a charm, a gentleness, and simplicity mailing application to the Museum. All about him, and a complete lack of affectation, you have to do is write the name and address which endeared him to all with whom he Cash contributions made within the taxable to of a friend, your own name and address, came in contact. The deepest loyalty was year another with which he was Field Museum not exceeding 15 per cent of the tax- and a small check, and your Christmas quality imbued, net income are allowable as deductions in com- in his payer's shopping list is shortened by one item. All and this was constantly manifest puting net income under Article 251 of Regulation 69 other details will be taken care of for you services to Field Museum, as in his other relating to the income tax under the Revenue Act of 1926. by the Museum, which will send an attrac- activities. Endowments may be made to the Museum with the tive Christmas card friends "Mr. Crane served as a Trustee of Field notifying any provision that an annuity be paid to the patron for life. you thus favor that, through your generosity, Museum during two periods: from 1908 to These annuities are tax-free and are guaranteed against they have been elected to membership in 1912, and again from 1921 until his death. fluctuation in amount. December, 19S1 FIELD MUSEUM NEWS Page S

THE PROJECTED HALL OF THE RACES OF MANKIND (CHAUNCEY KEEP MEMORIAL HALL) By Hkkthui.h Laufbr Radiating from this imposing central of her works, but of her finest and maturest of Curator, Department Anthropology monument will be an avenue of primitive creations. All her statuary is dramatically In 1935 or thereabout a convention of man, lined with twenty-seven life-size bronze conceived and intense with life and motion. impressive magnitude is to take place in figures of American Indians, Eskimos, It is far removed from the ordinary plaster Field Museum. On this occasion the most Malayans, Africans, and Asiatics. These busts of racial types. Miss Hoffman is at perfect representatives of all living races will will not be standing at attention, but each present journeying in the Far East, stopping be assembled here. In order to facilitate will appear in lively action befitting the in Hawaii, Japan, China, Indo-China, Java, study of their characteristic features and behavior of his particular group. To cite a and India, to complete her task for the preserve them permanently, they will have few examples: the primitive Vedda of Ceylon Museum. been transformed from life into bronze, and is to be equipped with a bow, the native of The contents of Chauncey Keep Memorial will thus be presented to the public as Australia will be shown in the act of throwing Hall will include other material in addition durable monuments. a spear, the Bushman of the Kalahari steppe to the work of Miss Hoffman. While her The hall selected for this unique conven- will display his prowess in archery while his sculptures will dominate the hall, giving a tion is named Chauncey Keep Memorial spouse and offspring admiringly look on. A clear and vivid impression of the appearance Hall in honor of the late Chauncey Keep, Solomon Islander will be seen about to of man, special exhibits are required to a highly esteemed member of the Museum's climb a coconut palm, while natives of Java illustrate many physical characteristics of Board of Trustees from 1915 until his death will be setting cocks to fight. Daboa of the mankind in greater detail. Exhibits of this on August 12, 1929. A legacy of $50,000 African Sara tribe, in graceful movements of class will include complete normal human left to the Museum by Mr. Keep will be her slender body, will perform a coquettish skeletons, both male and female; a compara- applied to the cost of the exhibits in this dance, while an old Negro pounds an accom- tive series of skeletons of the principal hall. Added to this is a gift of $18,000 paniment on a drum. All these figures and races; and a human skeleton in comparison from Mrs. Charles Schweppe for the creation groups, modeled from live subjects after with the anthropoid apes, man's closest of a large central group in the hall. The years of painstaking study, will be absolutely relatives in the animal world. Another balance of the cost of this hall, exceeding correct in every detail of their anatomical exhibit will illustrate the capacity of the $100,000, is generously contributed by structure and their accoutrements. Besides cranium, the size and characteristics of the Marshall Field, whose continued interest in the life-size figures there will be numerous brain, and its variations in apes and humans. the work of the institution has been mani- bronze busts and heads to illustrate the Instructive charts will give information on fested in so many ways. Mr. Field's gift numerous variations of human types within the extensive variation of skin and eye color, for this project is made in token of his the principal races. and hair samples will demonstrate the struc- affection and esteem for his friend, Mr. Keep. The creator of all these bronzes is Miss ture, color, and differentiation of hair in The center of Chauncey Keep Memorial Malvina Hoffman, an artist and sculptor the various races. Bodily proportions, as Hall will be occupied by a monumental of extraordinary ability and international exemplified by the two extremes of giants bronze group—a triad representing in life reputation. Miss Hoffman studied painting and dwarfs, will receive due attention, as size a white, a yellow, and a black man under John Alexander, and sculpture under will bodily disfigurations such as artificial grouped in a circle. The group is surmounted Herbert Adams and Gutzon Borglum of New deformation and molding of the head. by a globe, upon which are outlined the York, as well as under the great master, Another section of this hall will be devoted five continents as the habitat of the human Auguste Rodin of Paris. She has received to demography—charts and tables of vital species. The object of this monument is to numerous prizes and gold medals at exhibi- statistics conveying information on birth emphasize the unity of mankind—man as a tions in Paris, New York, Philadelphia, and and death rates, frequency of plural births, well-defined, fundamentally uniform species, San Francisco, and many of her sculptures infant mortality, relative fertility of races, which has spread all over the surface of the are on permanent exhibition in the Metro- effects of disease and epidemics on the earth and conquered almost every habitable politan Museum of Art in New York, population, growth of population, longevity, spot. While to some degree this triumvirate American Museum of Natural History in effects of intermarriage and heredity, and is symbolic, each figure in it is an outstand- New York, Academy of Rome, Art Museum other problems of general interest. A special ing type embodying the highest qualities of of Stockholm, and Luxembourg Musee of feature will be made of the racial problems his race and worthy of minute study. This Paris. Field Museum, however, will be the of the United States, with particular refer- is the group presented by Mrs. Schweppe. repository not merely of the largest number ence to our Negro population.

EXPEDITION AT KISH RESUMES Museum Luncheon for 600 Children CAREY-RYAN EXPEDITION OPERATIONS Six hundred children, members of the SENDS SPECIMENS Four-H Clubs, an organization for farm The ninth season of excavations on the Excellent of the youth, will attend a luncheon in the children's specimens seladang (gaur site of the ancient city of Kish by the Field ox or Indian and of Indian water dining room at Field Museum on December bison) Museum-Oxford University Joint Expedi- buffalo have been received at Field 3, following a tour of the Museum's exhibi- Museum, tion to Mesopotamia has begun. Professor result of to tion halls. The tour and luncheon have as a the Carey-Ryan Expedition Stephen Langdon of Oxford continues as which returned. This been arranged by G. H. Noble, Chairman Indo-China, recently director of the expedition, but he will remain was financed G. F. of of the National Committee for Boys' and expedition by Ryan in England where he will conduct research led Girls' Club Work. The children will be Lutherville, Maryland, and was by upon the antiquities unearthed at Kish, as E. of conducted on the tour by guide-lecturers George Carey, Jr., Baltimore, jointly they are shipped to him. L. C. Watelin, of the staff of the James Nelson and Anna with Mr. Ryan. in of operations in the field for several charge Louise Foundation for Public The Museum has received also collections will again head the at work Raymond years past, party School and Children's Lectures. are of tree trunks, bark, leaves and other such on the excavations. They to Chicago to attend the Inter- materials from the forests in which these Kish is believed to be the seat of the coming national Live Stock Exposition (November 28 animals live, which will be used to construct world's earliest civilization. To date the scenic of natural -December 5), and several other groups of reproductions backgrounds expedition has uncovered temples and children are also expected at the Museum for the groups of animals when they are identified with Sargon I and Nebu- palaces the week. mounted. The exhibits will form part of has found traces of the during exposition chadnezzar; great the series of Asiatic mammal habitat groups flood recorded in the and has collected Bible; in William V. Kelley Hall. a vast amount of inscribed New Exhibit of Geese pottery, tablets, Messrs. Ryan and Carey had many adven- gold, silver and jewelry, remains of ancient An exhibit of representative North Ameri- tures, the most thrilling of which was when chariots, and skeletal remains of human can geese and swans has been installed in a man-eating tiger attacked their hunting beings and domestic animals. As a result one of the bird halls at Field Museum. camp one night. The tiger dragged a coolie of studies of these things made by Professor Fourteen species of geese and two of swans who belonged to the hunters' caravan from much has been learned of the are shown. Those which have at any time Langdon the camp, and later the unfortunate native's and cultures of Babylonia back to been recorded in Illinois are marked with history dead body was found. During the night about 5,500 years ago. Further revelations, red stars, and of these there are nine. the tiger revisited the camp several times, as well as additional treasures for the Among the species shown are Canada goose, and, although the hunters opened fire with Museum, are expected to result from the Richardson's goose, brant, black brant, Ross's their rifles each time, the animal escaped. continuance of this work. goose, greater snow goose, blue goose, white The expedition is financed on behalf of fronted goose, pink footed goose, emperor Field Museum by Marshall Field, and on goose, trumpeter swan, and whistling swan. A 400-pound lodestone, with unusually behalf of Oxford by Herbert Weld and other The birds were mounted by Taxidermist strong magnetism, is exhibited in the Depart- British philanthropists. Ashley Hine of the Museum staff. ment of Geology. Page U FIELD MUSEUM NEWS December, 1931

TWO PROGRAMS FOR CHILDREN augury" which were considered to be magical DECEMBER GUIDE-LECTURE TOURS wands. —RAYMOND FOUNDATION Following is the schedule of conducted Scores of figures of animals and birds tours of the A additional program, as well as exhibits during December: special carved from jade are shown, some in con- entertainment of the autumn Week November 30— 11 the final regular ventionalized and some in naturalistic art beginning Monday: AJI., will be at the Homes in Many Lands, 3 p.m., Jade Exhibits; Tuesday: series for children, given forms. kinds of and December. Both Many jewelry, many 11 a.m., Archaeology of South America, 3 p.m.. Interest- Museum during programs charms are included. Two lizards carved on ing Sea Life; Wednesday: 11 a.m., Fibers and Their are the James Nelson and Anna Uses, 3 P.M., Man Through the Ages; Thursday: provided by a loving cup are emblematic of marital love. Louise Raymond Foundation for Public 11 A.M. and 3 p.m., General Tours; Friday: 11 A.M., In addition to jade, one case in the new Uses of Bark, Sap and Resin, 3 P.M., Life in the Far School and Children's Lectures. North. hall contains Chinese art objects of rock- The final in the autumn series will program Week beginning December 7—Monday: 11 AJI., 5. crystal, quartz, agate, tourmaline, turquois, be given on Saturday morning, December Fishes, Past and Present, 3 p.m., Egypt and Kish; amber and ancient glass. Four films will be shown: "Winter Birds," Tuesday: 11 A.M., Birds at Home, 3 p.m., Mexico; 11 A.M., Mummies, 3 p.m., Beads and Their "Snowflakes," "Mr. Groundhog Wakes Up," Wednesday: Uses; Thursday: 11 A.M. and 3 p.m., General Tours; and "Skating in the Spreewald." Friday: 11 a.m., Animal Habitat Groups, 3 p.m., Primi- tive Musical Instruments. The special program will be given on Saturday morning, December 19. Two Week beginning December 14 —Monday: 11 A.M., films chosen for their extraordinary interest Roman Home Life, 3 p.m., The Horse Family; Tuesday: 11 and Its 3 Industrial have been chosen: "I Am from A.M., Ivory Uses, P.M., Models; and appeal Wednesday: 11 A.M., Fire-making and Household Siam," and "The Beaver People." Utensils, 3 P.M., Chinese Exhibits; Thursday: 11 AJI. and 11 Minerals Both will be given twice, at 3 P.M., General Tours; Friday: A.M., programs of Economic Value, 3 p.m.. Rare and Unusual Plants. 10 a.m. and 11 a.m., in the James Simpson — Theatre of the Museum. Children from all Week beginning December 21 Monday: 11 A.M., North American Archaeology, 3 P.M., Osteology; Tues- of and suburbs are invited to parts Chicago day: 11 A.M., Snakes and Their Relatives, 3 P.M., attend. Philippine Exhibits; Wednesday: 11 A.M., The Art of Madagascar, 3 P.M., Looms and Textiles; Thursday: 11 a.m. and 3 P.M., General Tours; Friday: Christmas 17,000 PLANTS PHOTOGRAPHED —no tours. Holiday — The joint project of the Rockefeller Week beginning December 28 Monday: 11 AJI., Foundation and Field Museum of Natural African Animals, 3 P.M., Crystals and Gems; Tuesday: 11 AJI., Winter Birds, 3 P.M., Animal Life of the Past; for botanists of the History to provide Green Jade Monster Wednesday: 11 a.m., Jade Collections, 3 P.M., Wood- States a reference collec- land Indians; Thursday: 11 a.m. and 3 P.M., General United complete Used as an offering in a grave. Han period (about of Tours; Friday: New Year's Holiday—no fours. tion of photographs of historic specimens first century A.D.J, China. About one-third actual size. of the western tropical plants hemisphere Persons wishing to participate should date in an of The foundation of the collection has resulted to assemblage displayed apply at North Entrance. Tours are free such in this hall was laid the Blackstone more than 17,000 photographs. by and no gratuities are to be proffered. A new to China, 1908-10, under the J. Francis Macbride, Assistant Curator of Expedition schedule will appear each month in Field leadership of the Curator of Anthropology. Taxonomy, is still in Europe, where he has Museum News. Guide-lecturers' services additions were made during a subse- been since 1929, supervising the work of Many for special tours by parties of ten or more expedition in 1923, known as the making these pictures. The original type quent are available free of charge by arrangement Marshall Field to China, also specimens of famous botanists sent from Expedition with the Director a week in advance. led the Curator. In 1927 the Bahr Europe in America's early days, whose col- by collection of Chinese was lections are now in European museums and jades acquired the Museum with a fund contributed herbaria, are being photographed. These by NEW MEMBERS collections of made jointly by Mrs. George T. Smith, Mrs. John include the first plants The following persons were elected to botanists sent J. Borland, Miss Kate S. Buckingham, in America, chiefly by by in Field Museum during the Martin A. Ryerson, Julius Rosenwald, Otto membership Spanish kings to investigate the resources 15: C. C. Other period from October 16 to November of their then new territories. This work Doering, and Martin Schwab. were reached its climax about 1785 when Charles objects presented by individuals, chiefly Associate Members John J. American Friends of China, III of Spain ordered a scientific survey of all Abbott, Mrs. Enos M. Barton, Beryl B. Collins, Mrs. Josiah dominions in America. R. Bensabott, Inc., the late Richard T. Cratty, C. Colton Daughaday, Mrs. Rowland T. Goode, Spanish Mrs. Rosa V. Mrs. Karl Crane, Jr., Dr. I. W. Drummond, Fritz von Charles E. Herrick, Jennings, The being photographed include S. Lashley, Mrs. Frank W. Manegold, Rev. Herbert specimens Frantzius (deceased), Charles B. Goodspeed, those from which scientists obtained their W. Prince, George A. Richardson. H. N. Higinbotham (deceased), Linus Long, earliest accurate knowledge of the important Annual Members J. A. L. Moeller, Mrs. William H. Moore which cocaine, rubber plants yield quinine, and Mrs. George T. Smith. Mrs. Otto C. Braese, Charles E. Carey, Professor and other valuable products of commerce. Charles Joseph Chamberlain, Mrs. Frank P. Collins, — Jr., C. of the plants photographed have never Berthold Laufer John A. Ek, Davis Ewing, Joseph Godfrey, Many A. S. Hansen, Mrs. Charles J. Harpel, Mrs. in botanical collec- Groot, before been represented John J. Hattstaedt, Mrs. Caroline H. Kohn, Florian tions in the United States. The present Many metals known to few people, with Eugene Laramore, Mrs. Alex C. Lindgren, Harry H. Lobdell, Mrs. Leslie E. Lowry, Mrs. Isabel Mackworth, project will give American botanists and collections of illustrating their uses, objects H. I. H. B. Mead, Miss Frances A. Mellon, to these without the former Markham, students access are on exhibition in the Department of Leonard E. Murphy, Mrs. Joseph K. Nelson, Miss necessity of a trip to Europe. Copies of the Louise M. Purrucker, James T. Quinlan, Edward N. Geology. Mrs. photographs made by Field Museum and Roth, Mason Slade, Mrs. Olaf N. Tevander, Slason Thompson, H. J. Wurzburg. the Rockefeller Foundation will be available Gifts to the Museum at cost to institutions and individuals all is a list of some of the over the world. Following principal MEMBERSHIP IN FIELD MUSEUM gifts received during the last month: Field Museum has several classes of Members. Henri Breuil—41 flint JADES OPENED From Abbe prehistoric imple- Benefactors give or devise $100,000 or more. Contribu- HALL OF —23 busts ments, France; from Stanley Field figures, tors give or devise $1,000 to $100,000. Life Members and heads of of various races; from (Continued from page 1) types give $500. N on-Resident (Life) and Associate Members — a Harper Kelley parts of Magdalenian skeleton, pay $100. Non-Resident Associate Members pay $50. from Dr. G. von Bonin—an ink stone, China; epicure, several sets of chimes made from France; — All the above classes are exempt from dues. Sustaining from Edmond I. Woodbury 10 woolen articles, Peru Members contribute After six a of flutes of full size carved — $25 annually. years they jade, pair jade Indians; from Professor L. H. Bailey 250 herbarium become Associate Members. Annual Members con- from C. H. Lankester—81 in imitation of bamboo, and intricately specimens. Canal Zone; tribute $10 annually. Other memberships are Corpo- herbarium Costa from T. R. Williams designed jade trees of chrysanthemums and specimens, Rica; rate, Honorary, Patron, and Corresponding, additions —8 mahogany panels, Africa, Cuba, India and Mexico; under these classifications made action There is a moun- being by special pomegranates. "longevity from James Zetek—-317 herbarium specimens, Barro of the Board of Trustees. a carved from a solid block Colorado Island and Canal Zone; from John Bigane tain," landscape Each in all is entitled to free and Sons—3 specimens fossil plants, Pennsylvania; Member, classes, of jade, with clusters of fungi representing admission to the Museum for his and from Walter Anthony Ranezeel—4 of himself, family cranes which were photographs house and to two reserved seats for Museum immortality, and two by erosion, California; from S. R. guests, pillars produced lectures for Members. to Field of longevity. Large pieces in the Sweet—7 specimens skulls and jaws of fossil vertebrates, provided Subscription symbols Museum News is included with all The Nebraska; from E. A. Mueller—127 specimens fulgu- memberships. collection include a jade incense burner courtesies of every museum of note in the United rites, Michigan; from Frank von Drasek—13 specimens carved in an work floral States and Canada are extended to all Members of delicately open acicular apatite and brookite, Arkansas; from Mrs. Field Museum. A Member his card as intricate and exquisite as fine lace; William H. Hess—weaver-bird's nest, India; from D. C. may give personal design to non-residents of of Lowrie—345 salamanders, Tennessee; from Count Chicago, upon presentation a bell of jade; a square green jade box which will be admitted to the Museum without Degenhard Wurmbrand—a mounted birdskin. Austria; they officials of the Manchu Further information about will used by dynasty from C. Irving —a large tarpon, Florida; from charge. memberships Wright be sent on for keeping seals; and "scepters of good Thomas Abbott—35 crickets, China. request. PRINTED BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS