Prospects for Aquaculture and Amendments to the Fisheries Act Under the Primary Industries and Other Legislation Amendment Bill 2003 (Qld)
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Queensland Parliamentary Library Prospects for Aquaculture and amendments to the Fisheries Act under the Primary Industries and Other Legislation Amendment Bill 2003 (Qld) At least two recent developments have put the spotlight on aquaculture in Queensland. The first is the proposal for the development of a fish farm in Moreton Bay. Secondly, there has been an escalation in regulatory controls on recreational and commercial wild fish catches to guard against overexploitation. Aquaculture is a developing and promising Queensland industry that may have the potential to fill the gap between the public’s demand for fish and shellfish and the emerging shortage in wild fish supplies. However, there are a number of factors that impact upon the development of the aquaculture industry with environmental impacts of projects being a primary issue for producers. A number of regulatory controls on aquaculture developments are aimed at minimising environmental harm, including a development assessment process under the Integrated Planning Act 1997 (Qld). In recognition of the problems created for producers by duplication of planning and assessment processes, the Primary Industries and Other Legislation Amendment Bill 2003 (Qld) has been introduced to amend the Fisheries Act 1994 (Qld) to require that certain fisheries development proposals are assessed under the Integrated Planning Act 1997. Wayne Jarred Research Brief No 2003/26 Queensland Parliamentary Library Research Publications and Resources Section Ms Karen Sampford, Director (07) 3406 7116 Ms Nicolee Dixon, Senior Parliamentary Research Officer (07) 3406 7409 © Queensland Parliamentary Library, 2003 ISSN 1443-7902 ISBN 0 7345 2873 6 SEPTEMBER 2003 Copyright protects this publication. Except for purposes permitted by the Copyright Act 1968, reproduction by whatever means is prohibited, other than by Members of the Queensland Parliament in the course of their official duties, without the prior written permission of the Clerk of the Parliament on behalf of the Parliament of Queensland. Inquiries should be addressed to: Director, Research Publications & Resources Queensland Parliamentary Library Parliament House George Street, Brisbane QLD 4000 Ms Karen Sampford. (Tel: 07 3406 7116) Email: [email protected] Information about Research Publications can be found on the Internet at: http://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/Parlib/Publications/publications.htm CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................1 2 BRIEF BACKGROUND TO AQUACULTURE ...........................................3 3 OPPORTUNITIES FOR AQUACULTURE - RESTRICTIONS ON THE TAKING OF WILD FISH ...............................................................................4 4 THE ECONOMIC IMPERATIVE..................................................................7 5 THE EXTENT OF AQUACULTURE IN QUEENSLAND........................10 6 THE DEVELOPMENT OF AQUACULTURE POLICIES AND CODES OF CONDUCT................................................................................................13 6.1 THE NATIONAL AQUACULTURE STRATEGY.................................................13 6.2 THE NATIONAL AQUACULTURE CODE OF CONDUCT...................................13 6.3 QUEENSLAND ..............................................................................................14 7 THE DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR THE FRESHWATER FINFISH INDUSTRY IN QUEENSLAND ...................................................................16 7.1 INDUSTRY VISION 2007...............................................................................17 7.2 INDUSTRY GOALS ........................................................................................17 7.3 STRATEGIES AND ACTIONS .........................................................................17 8 QUEENSLAND’S STATE COASTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ..............17 9 SPECIFIC AQUACULTURE LEGISLATION FOR QUEENSLAND?...19 10 FACTORS AFFECTING AQUACULTURE...............................................20 10.1 SITE ASSESSMENT – THE ALL IMPORTANT GROUNDWORK ......................20 10.2 THE EFFECTS OF INTENSIVE FARMING ON FISH ........................................21 10.3 THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGE FACING AQUACULTURE ...................22 10.4 TYPES OF AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS .........................................................23 10.4.1 Open Aquaculture Systems ..............................................................23 10.4.2 Closed Aquaculture Systems............................................................24 10.5 THE FUTURE.............................................................................................25 11 THE CURRENT APPROVAL PROCESS FOR AQUACULTURE ENTERPRISES IN QUEENSLAND..........................................................25 11.1 TYPES OF AUTHORISATIONS CURRENTLY REQUIRED...............................26 11.2 ASSESSMENT AND APPROVAL OF AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENTS UNDER THE INTEGRATED PLANNING ACT 1997......................................................27 11.2.1 Application Stage.............................................................................27 11.2.2 Information and Referral Stage........................................................27 11.2.3 Notification Stage.............................................................................27 11.2.4 Decision Stage..................................................................................27 11.3 PROPOSED CHANGES UNDER THE PRIMARY INDUSTRIES AND OTHER LEGISLATION AMENDMENT BILL 2003 ....................................................27 11.4 ENVIRONMENTAL LICENCE MUST BE OBTAINED.....................................27 11.5 ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITS........................................................................27 11.6 MARICULTURE .........................................................................................27 11.7 PROPOSED DEVELOPMENTS NEAR BOWEN ..............................................27 11.8 COMMONWEALTH LEGISLATION ..............................................................27 11.9 PRIMARY INDUSTRIES AND OTHER LEGISLATION AMENDMENT BILL 200327 12 GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR AQUACULTURE ............................27 13 COULD AQUACULTURE MAKE A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LESSENING OF INLAND SALINITY? ...................................................27 14 PROSPECTS FOR INTEGRATING AQUACULTURE AND AGRICULTURE..........................................................................................27 15 SUCCEEDING IN AQUACULTURE.......................................................27 16 THE MORETON BAY MARICULTURE PROPOSAL.........................27 17 SCALLOP RANCHING TRIAL ...............................................................27 18 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................27 APPENDIX A.........................................................................................................27 APPENDIX B.........................................................................................................27 RECENT QPL RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS 2003........................................27 Prospects for Aquaculture Page 1 1 INTRODUCTION Australia has the third largest declared fishing zone in the world. Despite this, the commercial catch ranks 55th in the world because the scope of wild fisheries is very limited.1 Australia is also a low producer of food through aquaculture (ie the cultivation of marine and freshwater resources to provide food and other products)2 but it is a rapidly growing industry. In recent times there have been a number of positive predictions for the future of aquaculture in Australia and, indeed, in many other countries. The basis for the encouraging outlook is the perception that world- wide wild fish stocks are declining as a source of food for human consumption. Indeed, it is acknowledged throughout the world that wild fish supplies are dwindling and are unlikely to meet sustained levels of demand in the future. Thus, aquaculture represents a means by which fisheries production can be increased sufficiently to meet demand both in Australia and overseas.3 The value of Australia’s aquaculture production in 2001/02 was $733 million, accounting for 30% of the total gross value of Australian fisheries production in that period. The aquaculture industry hopes to triple its annual sales to $2.5 billion by 2010 if it manages to exploit its competitive advantages to meet consumer demand.4 Aquaculture has recently become Queensland’s fastest growing primary industry sector, with growth in value averaging 10% per annum for the last decade. During 2001/02, production was 4,603 tonnes and valued at $71.65 million.5 Most of the industry operates in regional areas of the State.6 However, concerns about environmental damage and ecological sustainability have placed great pressure on the aquaculture industry, both in Australia and world- 1 Stuart Rowland, ‘Silver Perch: Potential, Research and Industry Development’, Natfish, p 1, http://www.natfish.tafensw.edu.au/industryinfo/SilverPerch.htm Downloaded 3 December 2002. 2 John Button, A Dictionary of Green Ideas, Routledge, London, 1988, p 26. 3 Stuart Rowland, ‘Silver Perch: Potential, Research and Industry Development’, Natfish, p 1. 4 G Love & D Langenkamp, ‘Australian Aquaculture: Industry Profiles for Related Species’, Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics, ABARE Report 03.8, Prepared for the Fisheries Resources Research Fund, May 2003, p iii, http://www.abareconomics.com/