DOCSLIB.ORG

An Archeological Survey of Southwest Virginia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

An Archeological Survey of Southwest Virginia C. G. Holland SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ANTHROPOLOGY NUMBER 12 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ANTHROPOLOGY NUMBER 12 An Archeological Survey of Southwest Virginia C. G. Holland SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS City of Washington 1970 SERIAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION The emphasis upon publications as a means of diffusing knowledge was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institudon. In his formal plan for the Institu­ tion, Joseph Henry articulated a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge not strictly professional." This keynote of basic research has been adhered to over the years in the issuance of thousands of titles in serial publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Annals of Flight Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes original articles and monographs dealing with the research and collections of its several museums and offices and of professional colleagues at other institutions of learning. These papers report newly acquired facts, synoptic interpretations of data, or original theory in specialized fields. Each pub­ lication is distributed by mailing lists to libraries, laboratories, institutes, and interested specialists throughout the world. Individual copies may be obtained from the Smith­ sonian Institution Press as long as stocks are available. S. DILLON RIPLEY Secretary Smithsonian Institution Official publication date is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CARD 76-601580 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON . 1970 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price .$4.75 ABSTRACT HoUand, C. G. An Archeological Survey of Southwest Virginia. Smithsonian Contributions to An­ thropology, 12: 1-194. 1970.—Seventeen counties of southwestern Virginia, which are bounded by North Carolina, Tennessee, Kentucky, and West Virginia, were surveyed archeologically in 1963- 1964. Aboriginal occupation was found to extend from about 9000-8000 B.C. to A.D. 1700. The sites and occupational debris of pottery, stone, and bone are described, classified, and analyzed to construct an outline of the prehistory of the region and its cultural relationship with surrounding areas. Preface A grant of $3100 was made to the Smithsonian Institution by the National Science Foun­ dation (GS-59) in 1962 to conduct an archeological survey in southwest Virginia with the author as principal investigator. The first season's work began in May 1963 in Mont­ gomery County and ended in August in Lee County when crop growth drastically obscured the location of sites and archeological finds. During the summer, sites were dis­ covered in the counties of Roanoke, Giles, Montgomery, Pulaski, Wythe, Smyth, Wash­ ington, Russel, Tazewell, Dickenson, Wise, Scott, and Lee (Figure 1). Since only a part of the funds had been spent the National Science Foundation granted a fiscal extension for the summer of 1964. In that year the survey began in Patrick County in April and con­ tinued untU June when the funds were exhausted. Sites were located in Patrick, Henry, Floyd, and Grayson Counties in Virginia and Stokes and Alleghany Counties in North Carolina (Figure 1). Sites in North Carolina were discovered as a result of the meander of streams across the Virginia-North Carolina state line. During the first season's work I had the help of Mr. Robert D. Ricketts, then a student of the University of Virginia. The survey attempted to find as many sites as possible in the southwestern part of Virginia and recover from them sufficient material to classify and reconstruct the pre­ history of the area. Two hundred and twenty-nine sites were recorded and a total of 21,808 potsherds, 21,654 flakes, 2,060 artifacts mosdy of stone but also of shell and bone, 5,180 animal bones and bone fragments, and 7,550 riverine snaU and mussel sheUs were coUected for analysis. Specificcdly, no particular cultural stage, such as Archaic Period sites was singled out for special attention. Excavation was limited to small strata-cuts on sites that appeared to have some depth, and from which collections from stratified levels below the surface might increase the overall information from a temporal standpoint by showing cultural changes through time. Henry Mercer at the end of the nineteenth century conducted the first archeological survey in the area, beginning on New River. PrimarUy he was looking for evidence indicating how and when the first men reached the Adantic Seaboard in geologicaUy remote times, or according to Lenape legend, about A.D. 1370. It may be of more than passing interest to note his phUosophy. Using the analogy of caves in Europe, he postu­ lated two hypotheses (Mercer, 1894, p. 285): (1) Caves besetting the mountain passes and river pathways by which early man must have first penetrated the great forest and crossed the Appalachians would likeliest contain the complete record of his presence; and (2) more than this, a long series of them [caves] by the river might well show the direction of migration by the increased number of layers or the greatest fossil age, of the man-gnawed bones, as we proceeded up or down stream. Other surveys have been conducted here in recent years. One was organized by a retired Navy captain, Robert Wainwright (1915) who worked as a volunteer for the Bureau of American Ethnology in the early part of this century. His reports provided data for relocating sites, but no material that could be used to determine cultural affUiations. Waldo R. Wedel of the Nation2U Museum of Natural History in 1940 con- Vll viii PREFACE ducted a reconnaissance near SaltvUle reporting his major discoveries briefly (Wedel, 1951). Ralph Solecki (1949), working for the River Basins Survey of the Smithsonian Institution in 1948 located 11 sites in GUes County, Virginia, and numerous others m West Virginia adjacent to GUes County. Where possible I have drawn on his data and tried to integrate them with this study. Evans' report on Virginia ceramics (1955) consolidates several separate studies from the area, including Solecki s. In this he delmeatea the New River and Radford pottery series, used in this report (pp. 61-b/), and suggestea that southwest Virginia was in the southern part of his larger Allegheny Geramic Area. Only now has the extensive fieldwork of the present study broken Evans larger ceramic areas into smaller components, associated each with particular pottery series revisea his seriation in the light of excavated sequences and carbon-14 dates, and addea data from the Blue Ridge and Piedmont Uplands. Mr. Harvard Ayers in September 1965 conducted a survey for the River Basins Survey in the neighborhood of Independence, Virginia, on New River. His report (1965) made avaUable through Dr. Robert L. Stephenson then of the River Basins Survey alter my manuscript had been written, adds to, but does not alter, the general concepts. In contrast to the professionals, the local collectors are a potent group m southwest Virginia archeology and I am indebted to some of them for much help. On the other hand, they have been a most destructive force. About 40 years ago one of a famUy of several brothers began to dig at night in open sites and to enter caves for artUacts. Through the following years this man with single-minded determination dug in nearly all the open, pottery-bearing sites and caves within a large radius of SaltvUle. The artUacts sought were mainly pipes, ear ornaments, shell pendants and simUar objects that were highly prized and sold well. Others of the family took up this activity and the pattern spread to embrace many people in their town and surrounding community. It is estimated that 40 to 50 people are now engaged in this destructive digging between Tazewell and Wash­ ington Counties. The economic aspect of this digging is shown by the following prices of artUacts: pot—$35; string of conch columeUa—$40; "ear plugs"—$25 to $35 per set of two; tube beads—$15 for a string 24 inches long; Marginella beads—50p for a string of 24 inches; gorgets—$50 to $75; polished disks—$5 to $10; arrowheads—6^, but U colored red— $1.00. One collector related to me how he made $176 after two days digging at a single site by selling the artUacts. When an artifact changes hands, and it frequently does, the problems of determining its provenience and authenticity arise. Fakes are also manufac­ tured here. High prices have also fostered the establishment of "trading posts" that keep suppliers busy. Some of the individuals already mentioned and local farmers who have areas of Indian occupation on their lands or nearby are among the suppliers. Other suppliers come from Arkansas. The demand has also brought coUectors from more distant parts of the state to spend a few days or a week of their vacation putting holes in productive sites. The collectors have built up their own type of archeological procedure over the years. They recognize the significance of a "black circle" in the soil as a village, and look for it; they study the shell patterns on the surface for indications of a place to dig. The "probe," a straight stiff rod is used to distinguish the softer pits and burial areas from the hard clay which it cannot penetrate.
Recommended publications
  • Middle and Late Archaic Mortuary Patterning: an Example from the Western Tennessee Valley

    Middle and Late Archaic Mortuary Patterning: an Example from the Western Tennessee Valley

    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 8-1977 Middle and Late Archaic Mortuary Patterning: An Example from the Western Tennessee Valley Ann L. Magennis University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Magennis, Ann L., "Middle and Late Archaic Mortuary Patterning: An Example from the Western Tennessee Valley. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 1977. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/1340 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Ann L. Magennis entitled "Middle and Late Archaic Mortuary Patterning: An Example from the Western Tennessee Valley." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Master of Arts, with a major in Anthropology. Fred H. Smith, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: William M. Bass, Richard L. Jantz, Charles H. Faulkner Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Ann L.
  • Tennessee Archaeology Is Published Semi-Annually in Electronic Print Format by the Tennessee Council for Professional Archaeology

    Tennessee Archaeology Is Published Semi-Annually in Electronic Print Format by the Tennessee Council for Professional Archaeology

    TTEENNNNEESSSSEEEE AARRCCHHAAEEOOLLOOGGYY Volume 3 Spring 2008 Number 1 EDITORIAL COORDINATORS Michael C. Moore TTEENNNNEESSSSEEEE AARRCCHHAAEEOOLLOOGGYY Tennessee Division of Archaeology Kevin E. Smith Middle Tennessee State University VOLUME 3 Spring 2008 NUMBER 1 EDITORIAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE David Anderson 1 EDITORS CORNER University of Tennessee ARTICLES Patrick Cummins Alliance for Native American Indian Rights 3 Evidence for Early Mississippian Settlement Aaron Deter-Wolf of the Nashville Basin: Archaeological Division of Archaeology Explorations at the Spencer Site (40DV191) W. STEVEN SPEARS, MICHAEL C. MOORE, AND Jay Franklin KEVIN E. SMITH East Tennessee State University RESEARCH REPORTS Phillip Hodge Department of Transportation 25 A Surface Collection from the Kirk Point Site Zada Law (40HS174), Humphreys County, Tennessee Ashland City, Tennessee CHARLES H. MCNUTT, JOHN B. BROSTER, AND MARK R. NORTON Larry McKee TRC, Inc. 77 Two Mississippian Burial Clusters at Katherine Mickelson Travellers’ Rest, Davidson County, Rhodes College Tennessee DANIEL SUMNER ALLEN IV Sarah Sherwood University of Tennessee 87 Luminescence Dates and Woodland Ceramics from Rock Shelters on the Upper Lynne Sullivan Frank H. McClung Museum Cumberland Plateau of Tennessee JAY D. FRANKLIN Guy Weaver Weaver and Associates LLC Tennessee Archaeology is published semi-annually in electronic print format by the Tennessee Council for Professional Archaeology. Correspondence about manuscripts for the journal should be addressed to Michael C. Moore, Tennessee Division of Archaeology, Cole Building #3, 1216 Foster Avenue, Nashville TN 37243. The Tennessee Council for Professional Archaeology disclaims responsibility for statements, whether fact or of opinion, made by contributors. On the Cover: Human effigy bowl from Travellers’ Rest, Courtesy, Aaron Deter-Wolf EDITORS CORNER Welcome to the fifth issue of Tennessee Archaeology.
  • A Historical Ecological Analysis of Paleoindian and Archaic Subsistence and Landscape Use in Central Tennessee

    A Historical Ecological Analysis of Paleoindian and Archaic Subsistence and Landscape Use in Central Tennessee

    From Colonization to Domestication: A Historical Ecological Analysis of Paleoindian and Archaic Subsistence and Landscape Use in Central Tennessee Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Miller, Darcy Shane Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 28/09/2021 09:33:21 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/320030 From Colonization to Domestication: A Historical Ecological Analysis of Paleoindian and Archaic Subsistence and Landscape Use in Central Tennessee by Darcy Shane Miller __________________________ Copyright © Darcy Shane Miller 2014 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the SCHOOL OF ANTHROPOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2014 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Darcy Shane Miller, titled From Colonization to Domestication: A Historical Ecological Analysis of Paleoindian and Archaic Subsistence and Landscape Use in Central Tennessee and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. _______________________________________________________________________ Date: (4/29/14) Vance T. Holliday _______________________________________________________________________ Date: (4/29/14) Steven L. Kuhn _______________________________________________________________________ Date: (4/29/14) Mary C. Stiner _______________________________________________________________________ Date: (4/29/14) David G. Anderson Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College.
  • Whittaker-Annotated Atlbib July 31 2014

    Whittaker-Annotated Atlbib July 31 2014

    1 Annotated Atlatl Bibliography John Whittaker Grinnell College version of August 2, 2014 Introduction I began accumulating this bibliography around 1996, making notes for my own uses. Since I have access to some obscure articles, I thought it might be useful to put this information where others can get at it. Comments in brackets [ ] are my own comments, opinions, and critiques, and not everyone will agree with them. I try in particular to note problems in some of the studies that are often cited by others with less atlatl knowledge, and correct some of the misinformation. The thoroughness of the annotation varies depending on when I read the piece and what my interests were at the time. The many articles from atlatl newsletters describing contests and scores are not included. I try to find news media mentions of atlatls, but many have little useful info. There are a few peripheral items, relating to topics like the dating of the introduction of the bow, archery, primitive hunting, projectile points, and skeletal anatomy. Through the kindness of Lorenz Bruchert and Bill Tate, in 2008 I inherited the articles accumulated for Bruchert’s extensive atlatl bibliography (Bruchert 2000), and have been incorporating those I did not have in mine. Many previously hard to get articles are now available on the web - see for instance postings on the Atlatl Forum at the Paleoplanet webpage http://paleoplanet69529.yuku.com/forums/26/t/WAA-Links-References.html and on the World Atlatl Association pages at http://www.worldatlatl.org/ If I know about it, I will sometimes indicate such an electronic source as well as the original citation, but at heart I am an old-fashioned paper-lover.
  • Biological Affinities of Archaic Period Populations from West-Central

    Biological Affinities of Archaic Period Populations from West-Central

    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 12-2002 Biological Affinities of chaicAr Period Populations from West- Central Kentucky And Tennessee Nicholas Paul Herrmann University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Herrmann, Nicholas Paul, "Biological Affinities of chaicAr Period Populations from West-Central Kentucky And Tennessee. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2002. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/2123 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Nicholas Paul Herrmann entitled "Biological Affinities of chaicAr Period Populations from West-Central Kentucky And Tennessee." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Anthropology. Lyle W. Konigsberg, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Richard L. Jantz, Walter E. Klippel, Kenneth H. Orvis Accepted for the
  • The Nochta Site: the Early^ Middle^ and Late Archaic Occupations

    The Nochta Site: the Early^ Middle^ and Late Archaic Occupations

    The Nochta Site: The Early^ Middle^ and Late Archaic Occupations Michael J. Higgins with contributions by Andrew C. Fortier, Douglas K. Jackson, Kathryn E. Parker, and Mary Simon American Bottom Archaeology FAI-270 Site Reports AMERICAN BOTTOM ARCHAEOLOGY FAI-270 Site Reports Edited by Walthall Charles J. Bareis and James A. regions This multi-volume series on one of the-most significant archaeological Administration and in North America is co-sponsored by the Federal Highway report on excavation the Illinois Department of Transportation. The volumes floodplain of sites affected by the construction of Interstate Highway 270 on the across the of the Mississippi River in Monroe, St. Clair, and Madison counties river from St. Louis. of the anthropology department at the University Charles J. Bareis is a member Archaeologist of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and John A. Walthall is Chief actively involved for the Illinois Department of Transportation. Both have been in the excavations of the American Bottom. Volumes Now Available 1. The East St. Louis Stone Quarry Site Cemetery George R. Milner 2. The Florence Street Site K. Thomas E. Emerson, George R. Milner, and Douglas Jackson 3. The Missouri Pacific #2 Site Dale L. McElrath and Andrew C. Fortier 4. The Turner and DeMange Sites George R. Milner 5. The Mund Site Andrew C. Fortier, Fred A. Finney, and Richard B. Lacampagne 6. The BBB Motor Site Thomas E. Emerson and Douglas K. Jackson 7. The Julien Site George R. Milner 8. The Fish Lake Site Andrew C. Fortier, Richard B. Lacampagne, and Fred A. Finney 9. The Go-Kart North Site and The Dyroff and Levin Sites Andrew C.
  • Social Studies Quarter 1 Fifth Grade

    Social Studies Quarter 1 Fifth Grade

    Social Studies Quarter 1 Fifth Grade Fifth Grade-Tennessee History and the History of the US: Industrialization to the Civil Rights Movement Quarter 1 Curriculum Map Scope and Sequence Topic Week Weekly Focus Standards Geographic Awareness Week 1: Students will practice map skills and other geographic awareness skills. Indigenous Settlements in Week 2: Students will also identify the cultures of the major indigenous settlements in Tennessee, including: 5.27 Tennessee and Pre- Chapter 1 The Paleo (Coats-Hines Site), Archaic, Woodland (Old Stone Fort, Pinson Mounds), and colonial Tribes in Mississippian (Chucalissa Indian Village). Tennessee Indigenous Settlements in Week 3: Students will also identify the cultures of the major indigenous settlements in Tennessee, including: 5.27 Tennessee and Pre- Chapter 1 The Paleo (Coats-Hines Site), Archaic, Woodland (Old Stone Fort, Pinson Mounds), and colonial Tribes in Mississippian (Chucalissa Indian Village). Tennessee Indigenous Settlements in Week 4: Students will identify the pre-colonial American Indian tribes residing in Tennessee (e.g., Cherokee, 5.28 Tennessee and Pre- Chapter 2 Chickasaw, Creek, and Shawnee), and analyze their various customs and traditions. colonial Tribes in Tennessee Indigenous Settlements in Week 5: Students will identify the pre-colonial American Indian tribes residing in Tennessee (e.g., Cherokee, 5.28 Tennessee and Pre- Chapter 2 Chickasaw, Creek, and Shawnee), and analyze their various customs and traditions. Students will colonial Tribes in also explain how the name “Tennessee” originated from the Yuchi language, referring to where the Tennessee rivers come together. Proclamation of 1763 and Week 6: Students will explain how the Cumberland Gap and Wilderness Road influenced migration into the 5.29, 5.30 Watauga Compact Chapter 3 Tennessee region following the Proclamation of 1763.
  • Chapter 2 a History of Archaeology in Tennessee

    Chapter 2 a History of Archaeology in Tennessee

    Chapter 2 A History of Archaeology in Tennessee By Bobby R. Braly and Shannon Koerner “Like the Dachshund that is a dog and a half long and half a dog high, the state of Tennessee has peculiar proportions.” - Madeline D. Kneberg 1952: 190 Introduction As Kneberg pointed out in the above quote, the geography of Tennessee is based on a political design not shared by its prehistoric inhabitants. This east-west elongated political boundary spans many environmental zones and created a tripartite division across the state. This geographical division is symbolized by the three stars of the state flag: Knoxville in the east, Nashville in the middle, and Memphis in the west. The wide range of environmental regions has influenced the conduct of archaeology in the state. Temporally a history of archaeology in Tennessee reads much like a history of the state, beginning sporadically with early Euro-American settlement in the region and slowly growing over time. In this way, one may think about the history of archaeology in any state as entwined with a state’s development. People established in an area invariably become curious about those that came before them, especially when there are visible traces on the landscape. It is therefore understandable that many early pioneers of Tennessee archaeology were private citizens and not academics. As we discuss the history of archaeology in the Tennessee area, it may be appropriate to consider changes in society that coincide with changes in the way archaeology is conducted. Within this chapter we try as best as possible to cover as much of the history of Tennessee archaeology as we can.
  • Current Archaeological Research in Kentucky

    Current Archaeological Research in Kentucky

    CURRENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN KENTUCKY VOLUME TEN Edited By Vanessa N. Hanvey Nicole Konkol Charles D. Hockensmith Kenneth Carstens William A. Huser and David Pollack KENTUCKY HERITAGE COUNCIL CURRENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN KENTUCKY VOLUME TEN Edited By Vanessa N. Hanvey Nicole Konkol Charles D. Hockensmith Kenneth Carstens William A. Huser and David Pollack 2019 KENTUCKY HERITAGE COUNCIL 410 High Street Frankfort, Kentucky 40601 Copyright 2019 Kentucky Heritage Council All Rights Reserved This publication has been funded in part with state funds and federal funds from the National Park Service, Department of the Interior. However, the contents do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of the Interior. This agency receives federal funds from the National Park Service. Regulations of the U.S. Department of the Interior strictly prohibit unlawful discrimination in departmental Federally Assisted Programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, age or handicap. Any person who believes he or she has been discriminated against in any program, activity or facility operated by a recipient of federal assistance should write to: Director, Equal Opportunity Program, U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, P.O. Box 37127, Washington, D.C. 20013- 7127. Cover Photo: Mr. William A. (Bill) Huser volunteering his time to help University of Kentucky graduate student Ms. Karen Stevens excavate a shell midden in Henderson County, Kentucky, in 2018. (Photo Courtesy of Karen Stevens) i PREFACE Since its creation in 1966, the Kentucky Heritage Council has taken the lead in preserving and protecting Kentucky’s cultural resources. To accomplish its legislative charge, the Kentucky Heritage Council maintains three program areas: Site Development, Site Identification, and Site Protection.
  • SEAC Bulletin 55.Pdf

    SEAC Bulletin 55.Pdf

    SOUTHEA S TERN ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONFERENCE PROCEEDING S OF THE 69TH ANNUAL MEETING November 7-10, 2012 BULLETIN 55 — 2012 HILTON BATON ROUGE CA P ITOL CENTER BATON ROUGE , LOUI S IANA Blank Page Bulletin 55—2012 Southeastern Archaeological Conference BULLETIN 55 2012 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 69TH ANNU A L MEETING NOVE mb ER 7-10, 2012 HILTON BA TON ROUGE Cap ITOL CENTER BA TON ROUGE , LOUISI A N A Edited by: Rebecca Saunders Donald G. Hunter Beverly Nuschler Hosted by: Coastal Environments, Inc. LSU Museum of Natural Science LSU Department of Geography and Anthropology Louisiana Division of Archaeology Meeting Organizers: Richard A. Weinstein Rebecca Saunders David B. Kelley i Southeastern Archaeological Conference Front Cover Image: A portion of George Henry Victor Collot’s 1796 Plan of Fort Baton Rouge showing the location of Spanish Governor Bernardo de Galvez’s artillery (Item “G”) situated on top of a “mound” during the attack against the British Fort at Baton Rouge (Item “H”) in September 1779. Historical Markers place the location of Galvez’s battery approximately 500 feet south of the Hilton Baton Rouge Capitol Center near the present intersections of North Boulevard and Third Streets. Recent historic map overlays suggest the actual location of the bat- tery was about 300 feet east of the hotel location on Convention Street about midway between Lafayette and Third streets. The British fort was immediately south of the Pentagon Barracks between North Third and Front streets, approximately 1,200 feet south of the Louisiana State Capitol Building. Production & Layout by: Donald G. Hunter, Coastal Environments, Inc.
  • Southern Indian Studies, Vol. 6

    Southern Indian Studies, Vol. 6

    STUDIES Volume VI October, 1954 The Southern Indian Studies was established in April, 1949, as a medium of publication and discussion of information per­ taining to the life and customs of the Indians in the Southern states, both prehistoric. and historic. Subscription by member­ ship in the North Carolina Archaeological Society (annual dues $2.00) or $1.00 per year to institutions and nonresidents of North Carolina. PUBLISHED SEMI-ANNUALLY by THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF NORTH CAROLIN A and THE RESEARCH LABORATORIES OF ANTHROPOLOGY THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA Chavei Hill TENTH SOUTHEASTERN ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONFERENCE The tenth meeting of the Southeastern Archaeological Con­ ference was held in Chapel Hill, North Carolina on November 20 and 21, 1953. All sessions were held in the Faculty Lounge of the Morehead Planetarium, University of North Carolina, and the following papers were presented: Friday, November 20, 1953. Morning Session. Topic: Paleo-Indian in the East. New England: Douglas Byers, R. S. Peabody Founda­ tion. Pennsylvania: John Witthoft, Penn. Hist and Museum Comm. (read by Coe). Virginia: B. C. McCary, William and Mary College. Tennessee: T. M. N. Lewis, University of Tennessee. Afternoon Session. Topic: Archaic Cultures in the East. New England: Fred Johnson, R. S. Peabody Founda­ tion. Kentucky: Raymond H. Thompson, University of Kentucky. Georgia (Savannah Area): Antonio J. Waring, Savan­ nah, Ga. Georgia (Mid-Coastal Area): A. R. Kelly, Univ. of Ga. After Dinner Session. Topic: The Excavation of Mound D at Kolomoki. A movie in color, narrated by Wil­ liam H. Sears, University of Georgia. Saturday, November 21, 1953. Morning Session.
  • The Archaic Bannerstone" (2000)

    The Archaic Bannerstone" (2000)

    This presentation is made possible by the contribution of images by museums and collectors. The ideas and discoveries of David Lutz were essential to this project. This work is dedicated to him with admiration. Copyright 2002 - 2006, Edward Harvey. All rights reserved. 7" Greene Co AR, Private Collection BANNERSTONE OVERVIEW CONTENTS Bannerstones were made by Archaic people between COMPLETE TABLE OF CONTENTS 6000 and 1000 B.C., in the eastern half of North America. They were produced by artists in small bands HOW TO NAVIGATE THIS PROGRAM of hunter gatherers who moved from campsite to EARLIEST AMERICAN ART campsite. When and why they were made have long THEORIES been a mystery to those who found them. Indians who were first contacted by Europeans had no oral tradition PALEOINDIANS AND THE ATLATL about their purpose. They were labeled "problematical THE ARCHAIC PERIOD forms" by early archaeologists who did not know their CEREMONIAL FUNCTION function. It is now clear that bannerstones were a part of ceremonial spear throwers that were mortuary DATING BANNERSTONES tributes in high status burials. They probably also BANNERSTONE FABRICATION served as clan symbols. Some designs persisted for EVOLUTION OF TYPES thousands of years in gradually changing form as bannerstone ceremonialism was practiced in eastern BANNERSTONE SITES North America. CONCLUSIONS AND SPECULATION Bannerstones were produced in a wide variety of ARCHAEOLOGY PAPERS symmetrical shapes that are notable for their abstract beauty. Their sophisticated design, determined by ACKNOWLEDGMENTS aesthetic and ceremonial considerations, early date, and REFERENCES long evolution make them a candidate for the first widespread and sustained art tradition in the Americas.