© 2020 Stefan Dmytro Kosovych

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

© 2020 Stefan Dmytro Kosovych © 2020 Stefan Dmytro Kosovych NOURISHING THE POLITICAL BODY: BANQUETS IN EARLY THIRD REPUBLIC FRANCE, 1878 – 1914 BY STEFAN DMYTRO KOSOVYCH DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2020 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Emeritus Mark S. Micale, Chair and Director of Research Associate Professor Tamara Chaplin Professor Maria Todorova Professor Jean-Philippe R. Mathy ABSTRACT The most pressing issues of the day in France and in Europe – the place of workers in society, women’s rights, republicanism versus monarchy as the form of government, and expansion of the French empire – were advanced at banquets, ritualized gatherings over food and drink. Drawing on the key historical success of banquets as a means of political mobilization during the prelude to the Revolution of 1848, socialists/anarchists, royalists, imperialists, and feminists turned to the banquet to strengthen their political agendas during early Third Republic France. In Nourishing the Political Body: Banquets in Early Third Republic France, 1878 – 1914, I argue that banquets became a critical site for the construction of political and cultural power and identity by creating distinctive, tightly-knit communities that bolstered a diverse array of causes across the entire political landscape. Using police reports, government documents, accounts of banquet proceedings, newspaper articles, letters, and memoirs, my dissertation analyzes four prominent genres of banquets during late nineteenth and early twentieth-century France: commemorations of the Paris Commune, royalist, empire, and feminist. At these events, different political groups promoted specific agendas that were always ideological, oftentimes subversive, and even revolutionary. Commemorators of the Paris Commune and royalists utilized banquets to promote their revolutionary causes. Imperialists and feminists congregated in order to reinforce the French empire and to fight for women’s equality, respectively. Because banquets attracted typically between 500 and 1000 people across the socio-economic spectrum, they also constituted an early form of mass culture in France. Banquets provided a culturally powerful forum for various political movements and thus became an important instrument in the key process of democratization in early Third Republic France. ii In Memory of my Father, Ostap S. Kosovych “Our soul shall never perish, Freedom knows no dying.” Taras Shevchenko The Caucasus, 1845 iii ACKNOWLEGEMENTS At the end of this long road of working on my dissertation, I would like to personally thank my dissertation committee for reading and critically commenting on my Ph.D. Dissertation in all its various stages. Mark Micale, my Doktorvater, prioritized intellectual growth from the first day I met him. Mark has been tremendously supportive by encouraging me throughout all the phases of the Ph.D. program. I always felt better about whatever was concerning me after meeting with Mark. He was very instrumental during the process of choosing a dissertation topic and has provided insightful guidance and feedback throughout the entire writing process. Tamara Chaplin was especially influential during the initial stages of the dissertation as she helped me turn my questions into claims and develop a tentative thesis statement. Tamara rigorously read my dissertation and provided criticism that vastly improved the dissertation. In addition to Maria Todorova’s sharp commentary including suggesting a new structure for the rewriting of the introduction, she came up with a greatly useful characterization of banquets during my pre-defense. Jean-Philippe Mathy suggested key secondary sources, encouraged critical engagement of the sources, and provided key insight into the culture of Third Republic France. I would also like to thank the Department of History at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign for funding and providing an intellectually rigorous Ph.D. program. Specifically, many thanks to the following professors from the Department of History: Keith Hitchins, Antoinette Burton, Craig Koslofsky, Dana Rabin, Rana Hogarth, and Nils Jacobsen. The Department of History Staff has been truly supportive, most notably Tom Bedwell, Elaine Sampson, Stephanie Landess, and Shannon Jo Croft. Thank you to the Department of Religion for financial assistance and to Rick Layton for teaching mentorship. I would like to thank iv Michael Weissman of the Department of Physics for his guidance on the research paper that I wrote in his course. Brad Brown, Chair of the History Department at Bradley University, provided excellent guidance and mentorship on my teaching and dissertation. Thank you to the University of Illinois Library for the providing numerous books for my dissertation from their collection as well as through I-Share and Interlibrary Loan. I am indebted for the heartfelt guidance and mentorship of Gary DeFotis, my Bachelor’s thesis advisor in Chemistry at The College of William and Mary. Thank you very much to William Kinsella and Terry Alford at Northern Virginia Community College for instilling in me a love for history. My journey into French History began during my time as a student in the joint M.A. program at The Citadel and College of Charleston. Thank you to Joelle Neulander, my advisor, who encouraged my entry into French history and learning of the French language. Additionally, I would like to thank the following professors at The Citadel: Katherine Grenier, Kerry Taylor, Kathy Jellenik, Guy Toubiana, and Robert Emory (rest in peace). I am appreciative to William Olejniczak and Darryl Phillips of the College of Charleston. Thank you to Éric Berger and the faculty of Centre d’Etudes Tours Langues for the study abroad program in Tours, France and to the French School at Middlebury College’s full immersion summer course. I would like to thank my top students who have been an inspiration and a reminder of why I did the Ph.D. in History. Most of all, my deepest thanks to Laura LoVetere who was my student during the Fall 2013 semester and research assistant during Fall 2016. We met in Paris when I was on research and Laura was studying abroad, and she informed me of one of her feminist history professors who ended up being helpful in advising me on how to research feminist banquets. Laura’s abundance of energy and aptitude for finding sources in French v newspapers and distilling the key points in them was extremely helpful. I would also like to thank Anacecilia Luna, Decheng Fang, Morgan Folino, Vuk Budic, Daniela Pedraza Novak, Ben Changnon, Elmi Zwaan, Justin Bundang, Daniel Kim, and Marva Ishfaq Dar (University of Illinois) as well as Micah Mariz Perez and Jake Jones (Bradley University). Thank you so much to Vincent Robert (Université Paris I Panthéon Sorbonne) who wrote the influential monograph, Le temps des banquets : Politique et symbolique d’une génération (1818 – 1848). As Vincent Robert researched banquets during a previous era in France, he happily met with me and informed me of the secondary literature and provided me with sound advice for how to proceed with my research. I would also like to thank Dominique Kalifa, Éric Fournier, and Christelle Taraud (Université Paris I Panthéon Sorbonne); Sasha Topolovic (Archives nationales); Marc Lagana, Françoise Bazire, and Gilbert Farges (L’Association des Amies et Amis de la Commune de Paris 1871); Alban Bargain-Villéger (York University); Éric Lafon (Musée de l’histoire vivante); and Fréderic Cépède (L’Office universitaire de recherche socialiste). Thank you to my friends that I made in France throughout the dissertation research year as you made it such a wonderful experience. I stayed three times with my host family, Maryanick and Jacques Guilloux, in Tours, France. The first time was when I began to learn French in 2009, and the third occurred at the start of my dissertation research. Maryanick and Jacques always served delicious organic meals, which we ate while talking and laughing. Oksana Alves de Oliveira created a warm, welcoming apartment for me in the predominantly African neighborhood of Goutte d’Or in northern Paris. Going beyond ordinary roommate duties, Oksana included me in family gathering and invited me to hang out with her friends. Oksana displayed utmost patience while we spoke French, and we had some memorable vi conversations. Oksana’s sister Anaïs Alves de Oliveira provided me with a lot of information on restaurants, tourist sites, and things to do in her hometown of Angers prior to me going there for research. Hatsumu Tanaka and I met at the Centre d’Etudes Tours Langues where we were studying French. We both moved to Paris around the same time and explored the city together. Jonas Frajberg showed me underground Paris. Wissem Nehdi was an excellent guide to the Tunisian areas of Paris. Thank you to Aïsha Salmon, Eliza Smith, Edilson Brito, Kiki Lavenir, and Adina Tarau. I would also like to thank the restaurants Le Temps des Cerises (13e arrondissement) and Le Relais du Massif Central (11e arrondissement) for serving me delicious French meals during my research year. I would like to thank all of the soldiers of 1-94 Field Artillery and DIVARTY, 1st Armored Division, U.S. Army whom I served with from June 2003 to January 2007. My deepest thanks to Sergeant First Class Ben Davidson and Captain (now Colonel) Tom Wilson. To the three soldiers of 1-94 Field Artillery who did not return home with us from Iraq: Staff Sergeant Don Steven McMahan, Staff Sergeant James Gary West, and Specialist Dana Nathaniel Wilson. Thank you to my friends who supported me throughout the dissertation process. Josh Levy and I have encouraged each other’s progress by meeting once a week for the past four years to work on our dissertations. Thank you to Stefan Djordjevic, Tamaki Levy, Devin Smart, Megan White, Mohammed Azeem Sheikh, Phil Russ, Thaís Rezende Da Silva De Sant'ana, Dylan Thomas, Michael Brinks, Agata Chmiel, Anca Mandru, Thomas Day, Milo Shaoqing Wang, Seth Vermaaten, Hooman Latifi, Anja Sturm, Denimir Velchev (rest in peace), Ventseslava Velcheva, Klaus Recht, and Andrés Hildebrandt.
Recommended publications
  • Fighting for France's Political Future in the Long Wake of the Commune, 1871-1880
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2013 Long Live the Revolutions: Fighting for France's Political Future in the Long Wake of the Commune, 1871-1880 Heather Marlene Bennett University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the European History Commons Recommended Citation Bennett, Heather Marlene, "Long Live the Revolutions: Fighting for France's Political Future in the Long Wake of the Commune, 1871-1880" (2013). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 734. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/734 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/734 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Long Live the Revolutions: Fighting for France's Political Future in the Long Wake of the Commune, 1871-1880 Abstract The traumatic legacies of the Paris Commune and its harsh suppression in 1871 had a significant impact on the identities and voter outreach efforts of each of the chief political blocs of the 1870s. The political and cultural developments of this phenomenal decade, which is frequently mislabeled as calm and stable, established the Republic's longevity and set its character. Yet the Commune's legacies have never been comprehensively examined in a way that synthesizes their political and cultural effects. This dissertation offers a compelling perspective of the 1870s through qualitative and quantitative analyses of the influence of these legacies, using sources as diverse as parliamentary debates, visual media, and scribbled sedition on city walls, to explicate the decade's most important political and cultural moments, their origins, and their impact.
    [Show full text]
  • Historique De L'action Française
    Historique de l’Action française Marie Lan Nguyen (ENS) 2004 1 Les débuts (1899–1918) 1.1 L’Affaire Dreyfus aux origines de l’Action française 1.1.1 Charles Maurras Charles Maurras naît en 1868 à Martigues d’un père percepteur des impôts, libéral et romantique, et d’une mère dévote et royaliste. À l’issue de ses études secondaires, il monte à Paris et devient journaliste, travaillant d’abord à La Cocarde (boulangiste) puis à la Gazette de France et au Soleil, journaux royalistes. Grand admirateur de la Grèce, ses préoccupations sont alors essentiellement littéraires. Il s’engage dans l’action politique à l’occasion de l’affaire Dreyfus. Convaincu d’abord de la culpabilité de Dreyfus, il admet ensuite ensuite le doute. Mais pour lui, même la souffrance d’un innocent doit s’effacer devant la stabilité de l’armée et de la France, mise en péril par l’affaire. Dans cet esprit, il lance en 1898 dans la Gazette de France l’idée du « faux patriotique Henry ». C’est son grand mot d’ordre, « le Politique d’abord ». Le but de Maurras est d’ériger un système positif et machiavélien, partant du « postulat nationaliste », contre la décadence ayant suivi la défaite de 1870, et plus avant encore la Révolution française, mère d’une société corrompue où manque le principe unitaire monarchique. Pour Maurras, quatre « états confédérés » composent l’Anti-France et ont donné lieu à la démocratie parlementaire : ce sont les Juifs, les francs-maçons, les protestants et les métèques (étrangers), qui tous font passer leurs solidarités propres avant la Nation.
    [Show full text]
  • Nueva Sociedad
    277 AD D SOCIE A V E U www.nuso.org N Septiembre-Octubre 2018 NUEVA SOCIEDAD 277 COYUNTURA Volver a Marx Elvira Cuadra Lira Nicaragua: ¿una nueva transición en puerta? 200 años después TRIBUNA GLOBAL COYUNTURA Simon Kuper Fútbol: la cultura de la corrupción Elvira Cuadra Lira TEMA CENTRAL TRIBUNA GLOBAL Horacio Tarcus Marx ha vuelto. Paradojas de un regreso inesperado Simon Kuper Martín Abeles / Roberto Lampa Más allá de la «buena» y la «mala» economía política Enzo Traverso Marx, la historia y los historiadores. Una relación para reinventar TEMA CENTRAL Hanjo Kesting Karl Marx como escritor y literato Horacio Tarcus Daniel Luban ¿Ofrece El capital una perspectiva sobre la libertad y la dominación? Martín Abeles / Roberto Lampa Tiziana Terranova Marx en tiempos de algoritmos Enzo Traverso Razmig Keucheyan Marx en la era de la crisis ecológica Volver a Marx. 200 años después Volver Hanjo Kesting Laura Fernández Cordero Feminismos: una revolución que Marx no se pierde Daniel Luban Jean Tible Marx salvaje Dick Howard Cuando la Nueva Izquierda se encontró con Marx Tiziana Terranova Pedro Ribas El proyecto MEGA. Peripecias de la edición crítica de las obras de Marx y Engels Razmig Keucheyan Jacques Paparo En busca de los libros perdidos. Historia y andanzas de una biblioteca Laura Fernández Cordero Britta Marzi / Ann-Katrin Thomm La FES en el 200o aniversario de Karl Marx Jean Tible Dick Howard Pedro Ribas Jacques Paparo Britta Marzi / Ann-Katrin Thomm NUEVA SOCIEDAD es una revista latinoamericana abierta a las corrientes de pensamiento progresista, que aboga por el desarrollo de MAYO-JUNIO 2018 275 276 JULIO-AGOSTO 2018 la democracia política, económica y social.
    [Show full text]
  • Feminism? International Women's Rights Congresses at the Paris
    ‘International’ Feminism? International Women’s Rights Congresses at the Paris World Exhibitions, 1878 – 1900 By Lauren Stephens Submitted to the department of Gender Studies Central European University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of European Master in Women’s and Gender History Supervisor: Francisca de Haan, Central European University Second Reader: Marianne Thivend, Université Lumière Lyon 2 Budapest, Hungary 2014 CEU eTD Collection Lauren Stephens „International‟ Feminism? MA Matilda: Women‟s and Gender History Supervisor: Francisca de Haan Abstract The 1878 International Congress of the Rights of Women, the 1889 French and International Congress of the Rights of Women and the 1900 International Congress of the Condition and Rights of Women took place during the third, fourth and fifth World Exhibitions held in Paris. Their organisers combined a trend for international social movements with a new way to address the priorities of the French women‟s movement. This thesis is based upon a close analytical reading of the discussions and resolutions of each of these congresses and their reports in contemporary newspapers Le Figaro, Le Gaulois, Journal des Débats Politiques et Littéraires and La Presse. It seeks to interpret the feminism articulated by contributors and organisers of these congresses within their context as features of a new internationalist fashion during the last quarter of the nineteenth century. This thesis argues, firstly, that the organisers of these events sought to use the new fashion for international social movements to highlight the validity of their claims for women‟s rights. This was intended to help convince French politicians, intellectuals and writers of the need for legal changes in women‟s status.
    [Show full text]
  • Fonds Gabriel Deville (Xviie-Xxe Siècles)
    Fonds Gabriel Deville (XVIIe-XXe siècles) Répertoire numérique détaillé de la sous-série 51 AP (51AP/1-51AP/9) (auteur inconnu), révisé par Ariane Ducrot et par Stéphane Le Flohic en 1997 - 2008 Archives nationales (France) Pierrefitte-sur-Seine 1955 - 2008 1 https://www.siv.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/siv/IR/FRAN_IR_001830 Cet instrument de recherche a été encodé en 2012 par l'entreprise Numen dans le cadre du chantier de dématérialisation des instruments de recherche des Archives Nationales sur la base d'une DTD conforme à la DTD EAD (encoded archival description) et créée par le service de dématérialisation des instruments de recherche des Archives Nationales 2 Archives nationales (France) INTRODUCTION Référence 51AP/1-51AP/9 Niveau de description fonds Intitulé Fonds Gabriel Deville Date(s) extrême(s) XVIIe-XXe siècles Nom du producteur • Deville, Gabriel (1854-1940) • Doumergue, Gaston (1863-1937) Importance matérielle et support 9 cartons (51 AP 1-9) ; 1,20 mètre linéaire. Localisation physique Pierrefitte Conditions d'accès Consultation libre, sous réserve du règlement de la salle de lecture des Archives nationales. DESCRIPTION Type de classement 51AP/1-6. Collection d'autographes classée suivant la qualité du signataire : chefs d'État, gouvernants français depuis la Restauration, hommes politiques français et étrangers, écrivains, diplomates, officiers, savants, médecins, artistes, femmes. XVIIIe-XXe siècles. 51AP/7-8. Documents divers sur Puydarieux et le département des Haute-Pyrénées. XVIIe-XXe siècles. 51AP/8 (suite). Documentation sur la Première Guerre mondiale. 1914-1919. 51AP/9. Papiers privés ; notes de travail ; rapports sur les archives de la Marine et les bibliothèques publiques ; écrits et documentation sur les départements français de la Révolution (Mont-Tonnerre, Rhin-et-Moselle, Roer et Sarre) ; manuscrit d'une « Chronologie générale avant notre ère ».
    [Show full text]
  • Anarchism in Greece
    The Anarchist Library (Mirror) Anti-Copyright Anarchism in Greece Antonios Vradis & Dimitrios K. Dalakoglou Antonios Vradis & Dimitrios K. Dalakoglou Anarchism in Greece 2009 Vradis, Antonios, and Dimitrios K. Dalakoglou. “Anarchism, Greece.” In The International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest: 1500 to the Present, edited by Immanuel Ness, 126–127. Vol. 1. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. usa.anarchistlibraries.net 2009 Contents 1876–1944 .......................... 5 1967–Present ......................... 6 References And Suggested Readings ............ 8 3 demonstrators, for example at the higher education students’ Greek anarchy stands among the largest and most active con- demonstration of March 1, 2007. temporary movements of its kind in the world. The first organized State violence and repression acted – to some extent – as a anarchist group in the country appeared as early as 1876. Near- greenhouse for anarchism, increasing its influence. Since the complete lack of anarchist activity between World War II and the 1980s Athens boasts two anarchist publishing houses (Free Press military dictatorship (1967–74) effectively divides the history of and International Library) and numerous regularly published mag- Greek anarchism into two distinct phases, 1876–1944 and 1967– azines at any given time, along with hundreds of brochures and present. poster campaigns every year. Squats have emerged and anarchist collectives have appeared all across the country. In parallel to a 1876–1944 mass anarchist movement, Greece witnesses the emergence of clandestine anarchist activity, primarily arson and casualty free Individual anarchists were politically active from the early 1860s explosions of symbolic targets. In January 2008 alone the country (Emanouil Dadaoglou, Amilcare Cipriani, Mikelis Avlihos), while saw more than ten actions of this kind.
    [Show full text]
  • Tuula Vaarakallio Department of Social Sciences and Philosophy/ Political Science University of Jyväskylä
    Copyright © , by University of Jyväskylä ABSTRACT Vaarakallio, Tuula ”Rotten to the Core”. Variations of French nationalist anti-system rhetoric. Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2004, 194 p. (Jyväskylä Studies in Education, Psychology and Social Research) ISSN 0075-4625; 250) ISBN 951-39-1991-9 Finnish summary Diss. One of the main components (topoi) of the politics of the French nationalists since the late 19th century has been the rhetoric against the existing ”system,” that is the discourse against the representative form of democracy, the parliamentary form of government and the political establishment. This study focuses on the nationalist anti-system rhetoric at the turn of the 20th and the turn of the 21st centuries, namely on Boulangism (1886-1889) and its representative Maurice Barrès (1862- 1923), the nationalist Charles Maurras (1868-1952), and the contemporary radical right movement, the Front National (1972-). This study aims to carry out a detailed and politically oriented exploration of the changes that can be detected in this rejection from the time of Boulanger to that of the Front National. Methodologically, the study is neither strictly rhetorical nor historical but is instead located somewhere between these two approaches. The main objective is to distinguish the political assumptions and commitments that lie behind the terminology of the political programs not only by analyzing the attack against parliamentarism and the ”deteriorated” establishment but also by examining the ”political alternative” provided, that
    [Show full text]
  • Levy, Carl. 2017. Malatesta and the War Interventionist Debate 1914-1917: from the ’Red Week’ to the Russian Revolutions
    Levy, Carl. 2017. Malatesta and the War Interventionist Debate 1914-1917: from the ’Red Week’ to the Russian Revolutions. In: Matthew S. Adams and Ruth Kinna, eds. Anarchism, 1914-1918: Internationalism, Anti-Militarism and War. Manchester: Manchester University Press, pp. 69-92. ISBN 9781784993412 [Book Section] https://research.gold.ac.uk/id/eprint/20790/ The version presented here may differ from the published, performed or presented work. Please go to the persistent GRO record above for more information. If you believe that any material held in the repository infringes copyright law, please contact the Repository Team at Goldsmiths, University of London via the following email address: [email protected]. The item will be removed from the repository while any claim is being investigated. For more information, please contact the GRO team: [email protected] 85 3 Malatesta and the war interventionist debate 1914–17: from the ‘Red Week’ to the Russian revolutions Carl Levy This chapter will examine Errico Malatesta’s (1853–1932) position on intervention in the First World War. The background to the debate is the anti-militarist and anti-dynastic uprising which occurred in Italy in June 1914 (La Settimana Rossa) in which Malatesta was a key actor. But with the events of July and August 1914, the alliance of socialists, republicans, syndicalists and anarchists was rent asunder in Italy as elements of this coalition supported intervention on the side of the Entente and the disavowal of Italy’s treaty obligations under the Triple Alliance. Malatesta’s dispute with Kropotkin provides a focus for the anti-interventionist campaigns he fought internationally, in London and in Italy.1 This chapter will conclude by examining Malatesta’s discussions of the unintended outcomes of world war and the challenges and opportunities that the fracturing of the antebellum world posed for the international anarchist movement.
    [Show full text]
  • Les Esclaves Du Commandant Quiquandon
    NOTES ET DOCUMENTS Michal Tymowski Les esclaves du commandant Quiquandon Dans la section Outre-mer des Archives nationales françaises, préservées autrefois à Paris et aujourd’hui à Aix-en-Provence, un document, dans la correspondance générale des gouverneurs du Soudan français, nous semble intéressant1. Il s’agit d’une dépêche du gouverneur Albert Grodet, adressée le 10 janvier 1895 au ministre des Colonies, décrivant les infractions du commandant Quiquandon, l’un des conquérants du Soudan occidental. Après s’être entretenu avec Goussou Traore, serviteur de Quiquandon, qui confirma que le commandant possédait des esclaves dans la localité de Kou- likoro, ce gouverneur donna l’ordre au commandant de la région de Bamako d’envoyer un interprète escorté de spahis afin que celui-ci libérât les esclaves mentionnés. Treize filles, quatre jeunes hommes et six femmes furent amenés à Bamako, et, plus tard vingt-huit autres personnes suivirent. Goussou Traore déclarait qu’il y en avait plus et estimait au nombre de trente, les filles et les garçons travaillant la terre pour le compte de Quiquan- don. Ensuite une jeune femme, Aminata Sidibe, et sa mère, habitant toutes deux la maison dans le domaine de Koulikoro, firent des dépositions devant les autorités françaises certifiant que toutes les personnes acheminées à Bamako étaient des esclaves du commandant et provenaient, soit de la prise de la localité de Kinian, soit de dons qui étaient ensuite transmis à cet officier par les deux souverains successifs du Kénédougou, Tieba et Babemba. Le gouverneur Grodet, en constatant qu’aucun citoyen français n’avait le droit de posséder des esclaves, libéra toutes ces personnes.
    [Show full text]
  • La Méditerranée Orientale Durant La Grande Guerre, Nouvel Enjeu Entre La France Et La Grande-Bretagne », Les Cahiers De La Méditerranée, Décembre 2010, N°81, P
    La Méditerranée orientale durant la Grande Guerre, nouvel enjeu entre la France et la Grande-Bretagne Julie d’Andurain, « La Méditerranée orientale durant la Grande Guerre, nouvel enjeu entre la France et la Grande-Bretagne », Les Cahiers de la Méditerranée, décembre 2010, n°81, p. 25-44 Prélude méditerranéen à la « deuxième guerre de Cent Ans » (1714-1815), l’installation des Anglais en 1704 à Gibraltar transforme bientôt la Méditerranée en un lac britannique, situation à laquelle tente de remédier pour partie l’expédition de Bonaparte en Égypte à la fin du siècle (1798). Mais l’intérêt renouvelé des deux grandes puissances pour cette mer située au sud de l’Europe tient surtout à l’ouverture de la « question d’Orient » en 1774, signe à la fois du début du déclin de l’Empire ottoman et de l’irruption des puissances occidentales dans sa vie politique. Tout au long du XIXe siècle, fortes de leur maîtrise de la mer et des échanges commerciaux, convaincues de faire face à « l’homme malade de l’Europe », les deux puissances prennent position en Méditerranée, se partageant le Maghreb et déjà une partie du Proche-Orient sous forme de zones d’influence fondées sur les appartenances religieuses. Deux événements renforcent tout à coup leur rivalité en Méditerranée : l’ouverture du canal de Suez en 1869 et la défaite française face aux Prussiens en 1870. Avec le premier, les Britanniques découvrent soudainement sa valeur pour leur empire ; avec le second, la France se trouve obligée de se tourner vers un destin méditerranéen afin d’effacer l’humiliation de Sedan.
    [Show full text]
  • Etablissement Referent Culture Dep Type Nom Ville Reseau Nom Prenom Discipline
    ETABLISSEMENT REFERENT CULTURE DEP TYPE NOM VILLE RESEAU NOM PRENOM DISCIPLINE 4 COLLEGE EREA DE HAUTE-PROVENCE BEVONS BLEONE-DURANCE ALLEGRINI / CHIRONNIER LAETITIA / CHANTAL SEGPA EREA / ANGLAIS-LETTRES 4 COLLEGE PIERRE GASSENDI DIGNE LES BAINS BLEONE-DURANCE BEAUMES MARJORIE ANGLAIS 4 COLLEGE MARCEL ANDRE SEYNE LES ALPES BLEONE-DURANCE DECHAPPE SYLVIE DOCUMENTALISTE 4 COLLEGE DU VERDON CASTELLANE BLEONE-DURANCE KIEUSSERIAN SONIA PROFESSEUR DOCUMENTALISTE 4 COLLEGE RENE CASSIN SAINT ANDRE LES ALPES BLEONE-DURANCE LECHARDEUR SOPHIE LETTRES MODERNES 4 COLLEGE MARIA BORRELY DIGNE LES BAINS BLEONE-DURANCE POIRIE SYLVIE LETTRES MODERNES 4 COLLEGE EMILE HONNORATY ANNOT BLEONE-DURANCE RETY DELPHINE DOCUMENTATION 4 LYCEE ALEXANDRA DAVID-NEEL DIGNE LES BAINS BLEONE-DURANCE CORRIOL MAGALI HISTOIRE-GEOGRAPHIE 4 LYCEE ALEXANDRA DAVID-NEEL DIGNE LES BAINS BLEONE-DURANCE CORRIOL MAGALI HISTOIRE-GEOGRAPHIE 4 LYCEE PAUL ARENE SISTERON BLEONE-DURANCE DEJASMIN MIREILLE ARTS APPLIQUES 4 LYCEE BEAU DE ROCHAS DIGNE-LES-BAINS BLEONE-DURANCE FAURE GUILLEMETTE DOCUMENTALISTE 4 LYCEE BEAU DE ROCHAS DIGNE-LES-BAINS BLEONE-DURANCE VOLLE CLOTILDE ARTS APPLIQUES 4 COLLEGE AILHAUD VOLX GIONO FOURNIE ISABELLE MUSIQUE 4 COLLEGE PIERRE GIRARDOT SAINTE-TULLE GIONO GERMAIN RIEHL VALERIE DOCUMENTION 4 COLLEGE LE MONT D'OR MANOSQUE GIONO GIACOMINI MATHIEU MUSIQUE 4 COLLEGE JMG ITARD ORAISON GIONO GUILLOT FLORENCE ARTS PLASTIQUES 4 COLLEGE MAXIME JAVELLY RIEZ GIONO LOMIDZE CELINE DOCUMENTALISTE 4 COLLEGE DU PAYS DE BANON BANON GIONO MAC KENZIE PATRICIA DOCUMENTALISTE 4
    [Show full text]
  • Jefferson Stereoptics & SADDY STEREOVIEW CONSIGNMENT AUCTIONS ($6.75)
    Jefferson Stereoptics & SADDY STEREOVIEW CONSIGNMENT AUCTIONS ($6.75) John Saddy 787 Barclay Road London Ontario N6K 3H5 CANADA Tel: (519) 641-4431 Fax: (519) 641-0695 Website: https://www.saddyauctions.com E-mail: [email protected] AUCTION #19-2 Phone, mail, fax, and on-line auction with scanned images. CLOSING DATES: 9:00 p.m. Eastern Thursday, January 30, 2020 Lots 1 to 412 (Part 1) & Friday, January 31, 2020 Lots 413 to 826 (Part 2) In the event of a computer crash or other calamity, this auction will close one week later. "s.c.mts." = square corner mounts (earlier) BIDDING RULES AND TERMS OF SALE "r.c.mts." = rounded corner mounts (later) There is a 9% Buyer's Premium which will be automatically added to the invoice. (We will absorb Paypal charges.) Your TABLE OF CONTENTS business is very much appreciated. ADVERTISING 20, 68, 131, 403, 449, 450, 615, 681, 732 Please note ‘NEW BIDDING INCREMENTS’ AFRICA 276, 752, 758, 781 AIR MACHINES BALLOONS, ETC 241, 243, 244, 266, 267, 405, 586, 601 - 1. All lots sold to the highest bidder. 603, 605, 606, 780 2. Please note ‘New Bidding Increments’ as follows: ALASKA & KLONDYKE (inc CANADA) 559 - 564, 717 ALCOHOL 53, 137, 334, 404, 819 0 to $99._____________________$5. ANIMALS & ZOOS* 80, 292, 395 - 401, 453*, 485*, 521, 622*, 631*, 819 $100. to $499.________________$10. AUSTRIA 509, 520 AUTOCHROME (FULL-SIZE) 551 $500. to $999.________________$20. AUTOS, OTHER VEHICLES 265, 312, 527, 650 $1,000. to $1,999._____________$50. BANKS & MONEY 20, 480, 485, 730 $2,000.
    [Show full text]