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The Gallipoli Gazette OFFICIAL ORGAN of the GALLIPOLI MEMORIAL CLUB LTD

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The Gallipoli Gazette OFFICIAL ORGAN of the GALLIPOLI MEMORIAL CLUB LTD Vol. 50, No.4 (New Series) SUMMER 2020 The Gallipoli Gazette OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE GALLIPOLI MEMORIAL CLUB LTD WW2 spy Agent Sonya later stole Atom Bomb secrets The incredible story behind probably the greatest female spy ever who altered the course of history in her decades as a Russian spy. British housewife, Mrs. brother, Jurgen became a noted Ursula joined the German Ursula Beurton, was a devoted historian-economist who also Communist Party. wife and mother-of-three who dabbled in espionage. Also in 1926 she attended a epitomised rural British dom- This prosperous family lived librarianship academy and the esticity in her quiet Cotswolds in southwest Berlin. In 1918, following year was employed by village of Great Rollright during when aged 11, she acted in a the large Berlin publisher Ullstein World War Two. silent movie, The House of Three Verlag. She was sacked in 1928 She would wave to her Girls. On leaving school Ursula after participating in a May Day neighbours as she pedaled her was apprenticed as a book dealer. rally. bicycle through the Oxfordshire In 1924 she joined the left-leaning For nine months from countryside to gather scientific Free Employees League, the December 1928 she worked in a intelligence from one of the Young Communists and New York book shop. On country's most brilliant nuclear Germany's Red Aid. In 1926 returning to Berlin she married physicists and then transmit it to Rudolf Hamburger, an architect Soviet intelligence head- and fellow Communist quarters via the radio Party member. They set transmitter she was up the Marxist Workers' hiding in her outdoor Library that she headed privy. The quality of the until June 1930 when her scones she baked was husband was enticed to without question. Shanghai for five years by Far from a British a construction boom. housewife, Mrs. There she be-friended Beurton - born Ursula American journalist Kuczynski, and code- Agnes Smedley (1892- named 'Sonya' - was of 1950) who introduced German Jewish herit- her to another German age, a dedicated com- expatriate, Russian secret munist, a colonel in agent and “journalist” Russia's Red Army, and Richard Sorge (1895- a highly-trained spy. 1944). James Bond Ursula Maria creator, Ian Fleming, later Kuczynski was born in said “Sorge (alias Schoneberg, in the Ramsay) was the man Prussian part of whom I regard as the Germany, the second of most formidable spy in the six children born to history." the distinguished econ- Next year her son omist Robert Rene Maik Hamburger (1931- Kuczynski and his Jewish 2020 – later a noted painter wife Berta Shakespearian scholar) Kuczynski (nee was born. Gradenwitz). Her elder Agent Sonya is the exhilirating account of one woman's life; a life that encompasses the rise and fall of communism itself, and altered the course of history 1 The Russian security agency daughter Janina in GRU gave her the code name of April 1936. Rudolf Sonja" (which is ‘dormouse’ in Hamburger Russian) as she operated a acknowledged ‘Nina’ Russian spy ring under Sorge's as his own daughter, direction. however, the GRU Ursula sent Michael to live feared the affair with with her husband's parents (now Ernst might lead to the relocated from Germany to unmasking of both Czechoslovakia) when she was agents and she was sent to Moscow in 1934 where recalled with Rudolf to she undertook a seven-month Moscow in August training session. There she 1935. mastered various practical The next month aspects of spy-craft, learning they were both posted Morse Code, how to build and to Poland where, apart operate a radio and other radio from at least one more operator skills needed in the lengthy visit to world of espionage. Ursula had Moscow, they would concerns that if baby Michael had remain till Autumn accompanied her to Moscow he 1938. In the meantime, might inadvertently have blown Russia quietly awarded her cover later by blurting out her the Order of the words in Russian. On her return Red Banner for her Ursula Beurton (Burton) to China she was based from espionage work in China March to December 1934 in and promoted her to the rank of and early in 1940, while still in Shenyang, Manchuria which Colonel in the Soviet military. Switzerland, married her second Japan had occupied since 1931. Between Autumn 1938 and husband, English communist Len There she met the GRU's December 1940, as agent "Sonja Beurton (1914-97) to automat- chief agent who was working Schultz", she was based, still with ically gain an English passport. under the name "Ernst". Sonja her husband, in Switzerland The GRU said she could divorce and Ernst had a romance which where she was one of the so- him once she had the passport, would result in the birth of her called "red three", along with but the marriage lasted 50 years. Alexander Rado (1899-1981) Beurton also worked for and Englishman Alexander the GRU, and as with Kuczynski, Foote (1905-56). Her duties came with an unusually wide included being the radio range of names. On orders from operator who sent information the GRU the couple relocated to to Moscow from her house in England where she would remain Caux hidden high above for the rest of the 1940s. Her Montreux. Her marriage with second son was born in the late Rudolf Hamburger ended at this summer of 1943. They had time. Ursula collaborated with settled in north Oxford, but soon the Lucy Spy Ring and was moved on to the first of a involved in recruiting agents to succession of nearby villages, be infiltrated into Germany. settling initially in Glympton, then After the Nazi take-over of in Kidlington and in May 1945 in Danzig in Autumn 1939 she also the north Oxfordshire village set up a resistance group. of Great Rollright where they She divorced later that year remained until about 1950. Her second husband Len Beurton (Burton) Continued page 13 2 Editorial Over the past two years we We also look at the Football competition held in the have included espionage stories ubiquitous Bailey Bridge designed notorious Japanese camp in linked to World War Two reveal- by British engineer Sir Donald Singapore and are introduced to ing tales about the people on Bailey and used in diverse Leslie Allan "Peter" Chitty who whom James Bond was based. In military and civilian tasks to this was awarded the hand-crafted this edition we meet Russian spy day. Changi Brownlow Medal as the Ursula Buerton (also known as Were there any women on best and fairest player in the Burton) who worked for the Gallipoli Peninsula during the competition. communist spy Richard Sorge, described by James Bond creator 1915 campaign? Bruce McEwen Long-standing Gallipoli Club Ian Fleming as ‘the most looks at the myths surrounding member, David Wilson, who is formidable spy in history.’ Ursula this matter. also an historian and battlefield was known by the name of Agent Many years ago, the Gazette guide, read the story in the last Sonya. As the war ended she carried a story about Changi Gazette about the huge mines continued to spy and passed on University started by tertiary detonated at Messines in June Atom Bomb secrets to Moscow educated prisoners-of-war. This 1917 and puts his interpretation before fleeing to Russia. time we switch to sporting pass- of the story. times and the Australia Rules THE GALLIPOLI MEMORIAL CLUB LIMITED Patron: Major General Arthur Fittock AO Board of Directors: President: John Robertson Senior Vice President: David Ford Junior Vice President: Ted Codd Hon. Treasurer: John Brogan Directors: Stephen Ware, Glenn Tetley, Scott Heathwood, Marc Higgins. Greg Hanchard Editor: Bob Lawrence Secretary Manager: John Robertson Club Ph: 02 9235 1533 Email: [email protected] www.gallipoli.com.au 3 When the Misses Became Myths on Gallipoli Bruce McEwan notes that although there is no definite evidence that a woman visited the allied trenches at Gallipoli it appears there could well have been female snipers firing effectively from the Turkish side and an English nurse working in the military hospital on the Greek island of Lemnos is understood to have been permitted by the French to enter their territory at Gallipoli to lay a wreath on the grave of her husband There were rumours One story circulated widely nurses tended to allied among the Allied troops about was that the Turks tied these casualties under canvas. these women and their deadly women to trees with rations of activities throughout the cam- food and water and left them to paign but official confirmation their fate. It seems certain that was never forthcoming. none were captured by the The most widespread allies because authentication of “Furphy” (invented story) was the practice would surely have that the Turks painted their become part of the Gallipoli women snipers green and had legend – along with Simpson them hide in trees – camouflage and his donkey!. was in its infancy among armed Most of the populations on forces at the time and on the islands around the Gallipoli allied side was usually in the region were Greeks and many form of heavy fish netting of them – women included – strung over artillery pieces and worked for the British army at forward command saps field hospitals like those on Lilian Doughty-Wylie (dugouts) at the trenches. Lemnos where hundreds of Continued page 15 On bahalf of our Patron and Directors, I extend our sincere best wishes to our Members for a Happy and MerryChristmas and good luck and good health for the coming year. John Robertson President 4 Presidents Report Spring did indeed turn out to be a time of hope, with general lifting of some restrictions, with the exception of the Queensland border.
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