Manhattan Project Spies and Oak Ridge, Part 1 (As Published in the Oak Ridger’S Historically Speaking Column on December 1, 2014)
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
AUS' Margaret B., 101, of St. Clairsville, for Merly of Bridgeport, Died Thursday April 11, 2013, at Park Health Center S
-w tn?AUS’ Margaret B., 101, of St. Clairsville, for merly of Bridgeport, died Thursday April 11, 2013, at Park Health Center St. Clairsville. She was born February 4, 1912, in Austria Hungry, a daughter of the late Michael and Anna (Bartok) Vargo. She was a member of the Tri-State Assembly of God in St. Clairsville. In addition to her par ents, she was preceded in death by a great- grand daughter, Terra Grace Hicks; and a sister, Irene B. Vapner. / Margaret is survived by her sons, Rudolph S. “Buck” (Debbie) Saus of Colerain, and James M. (Donna) Saus of Wheeling; a brother, Michael (Peri) Vargo of Columbus; and sister, Mary Pruszynski of Pittsburgh; five grandchil dren, Brian (Jackie) Hicks, Garrett (Trisha) Hicks, Rayven (Andrew) Cobb, Jimmy (Sara) Saus and Christie (Mike) Drake, six great- grandchildren; Maura, Ryleigh, Quentin, Zach, Geno, and Taylor; a brother-in-law, Tom Vapner; also several nieces and nephews. Friends are invited to a graveside service at Lin wood Cemetery, Blaine on Saturday April 13, 2013 at 1 p.m. with Rev. James Hoff officiating. Wilson Funeral Home, 920 National Road, Brookside is assisting the family. In lieu of flowers, memorial contributions can be made to Park Health Center, 100 Pine Dr., St. Clairsville, OH. 43950. Spring Road, Martins Ferry, died Wednesday in East Ohio Regional Hospital, Martins Ferry. He was a retired employee of Wheeling-Pitts- burgh Steel Corp., Yorkville plant, and a member of Scotch Ridge Presbyterian Church. Surviving are his wife, Elizabeth Hughes Saus; five sons, Rudolph Saus of Martins Ferry, James Saus of Wheeling, Ernest Hughes of Yorkille, Robert Hughes of Michigan, and Charles Edward Hughes, with the U.S. -
Cambridge Five Spy Ring Part 29 of 42
192Hi _ill"I1_q :___|_ LwJ -£1 'nrrnsss usncn :.cimox~uses s1K ._ On the -RAFs'fftieth':. Kbirthda . __.t . s § 92 . '. _'.J;,'- I , -. .:_ -_i. - O 4i . 9292 ' 'i 3 rr. 1.-Ir. F - . v , . 1 < r --. , r /. I °-A --,. -:"'. " .-¢ -' . _.._=-I Il ' E; -: T -V;L I , . i ~ - . L... i -.~ - ' . i ". - - : __ . __92 - r_ .._.|._ ''|. - -5 ' .- '-' " ' f I .92. - 0-.3 1- - ' ;_. -. _. *5%"¢ " 'I! TOMORROW the ifoyalAir Forceis 50years old: As rhe-aclhellit - 1 this anniversarythe air force that was oncethe mightiest mthe /59>.°-'- 2;: y world nds its conventional strengthreduced to the level of "in..;"ff~;'::'7"1c9untrie.s._.li4i$q.I92;l!ji¢YNorth Korea, Sweden and and India. " i, < Q At present the"hittir'i'§_Foiw'v'erofthe*R.-A-¢F».-is-conce.ntr'aie_d' »'-1'.. inits-I " ageing V-bomber force. -in every other department .il'l¢.31_I§!'I__"d'5'ii"i=""""£=.r-" - has been drastic. - ' ' m""i*'" l."li"'§"-i Q 'Butdoes this matter? For in the H-bomb era, do conventional forces count? Would not any war quickly become an H-bombwar?. - O Today the Sunday Express publishes an article with an -",4-. l important hearing on these questions.it puts forward a revolu- tionary view of strategy in the years immediately ahead and , - ' _ exposes the blundersof oicial military plannersin writing-off the _',__£.:,'11 -:»;v risks of conventional war.i-.= ' I.-=1"~ 92_ ~13-:1. -
The Russian-A(Merican) Bomb: the Role of Espionage in the Soviet Atomic Bomb Project
J. Undergrad. Sci. 3: 103-108 (Summer 1996) History of Science The Russian-A(merican) Bomb: The Role of Espionage in the Soviet Atomic Bomb Project MICHAEL I. SCHWARTZ physicists and project coordinators ought to be analyzed so as to achieve an understanding of the project itself, and given the circumstances and problems of the project, just how Introduction successful those scientists could have been. Third and fi- nally, the role that espionage played will be analyzed, in- There was no “Russian” atomic bomb. There only vestigating the various pieces of information handed over was an American one, masterfully discovered by by Soviet spies and its overall usefulness and contribution Soviet spies.”1 to the bomb project. This claim echoes a new theme in Russia regarding Soviet Nuclear Physics—Pre-World War II the Soviet atomic bomb project that has arisen since the democratic revolution of the 1990s. The release of the KGB As aforementioned, Paul Josephson believes that by (Commissariat for State Security) documents regarding the the eve of the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union, Soviet sci- role that espionage played in the Soviet atomic bomb project entists had the technical capability to embark upon an atom- has raised new questions about one of the most remark- ics weapons program. He cites the significant contributions able and rapid scientific developments in history. Despite made by Soviet physicists to the growing international study both the advanced state of Soviet nuclear physics in the of the nucleus, including the 1932 splitting of the lithium atom years leading up to World War II and reported scientific by proton bombardment,7 Igor Kurchatov’s 1935 discovery achievements of the actual Soviet atomic bomb project, of the isomerism of artificially radioactive atoms, and the strong evidence will be provided that suggests that the So- fact that L. -
Historical Dictionary of Russian and Soviet Intelligence
Russia • Military / Security Historical Dictionaries of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, No. 5 PRINGLE At its peak, the KGB (Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti) was the largest HISTORICAL secret police and espionage organization in the world. It became so influential DICTIONARY OF in Soviet politics that several of its directors moved on to become premiers of the Soviet Union. In fact, Russian president Vladimir V. Putin is a former head of the KGB. The GRU (Glavnoe Razvedvitelnoe Upravleniye) is the principal intelligence unit of the Russian armed forces, having been established in 1920 by Leon Trotsky during the Russian civil war. It was the first subordinate to the KGB, and although the KGB broke up with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the GRU remains intact, cohesive, highly efficient, and with far greater resources than its civilian counterparts. & The KGB and GRU are just two of the many Russian and Soviet intelli- gence agencies covered in Historical Dictionary of Russian and Soviet Intelligence. Through a list of acronyms and abbreviations, a chronology, an introductory HISTORICAL DICTIONARY OF essay, a bibliography, and hundreds of cross-referenced dictionary entries, a clear picture of this subject is presented. Entries also cover Russian and Soviet leaders, leading intelligence and security officers, the Lenin and Stalin purges, the gulag, and noted espionage cases. INTELLIGENCE Robert W. Pringle is a former foreign service officer and intelligence analyst RUSSIAN with a lifelong interest in Russian security. He has served as a diplomat and intelligence professional in Africa, the former Soviet Union, and Eastern Europe. For orders and information please contact the publisher && SOVIET Scarecrow Press, Inc. -
Espionage Against the United States by American Citizens 1947-2001
Technical Report 02-5 July 2002 Espionage Against the United States by American Citizens 1947-2001 Katherine L. Herbig Martin F. Wiskoff TRW Systems Released by James A. Riedel Director Defense Personnel Security Research Center 99 Pacific Street, Building 455-E Monterey, CA 93940-2497 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704- 0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE (DDMMYYYY) 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (From – To) July 2002 Technical 1947 - 2001 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER Espionage Against the United States by American Citizens 1947-2001 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER Katherine L. Herbig, Ph.D. Martin F. Wiskoff, Ph.D. 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. -
ABSTRACT Title of Document: from the BELLY of the HUAC: the RED PROBES of HOLLYWOOD, 1947-1952 Jack D. Meeks, Doctor of Philos
ABSTRACT Title of Document: FROM THE BELLY OF THE HUAC: THE RED PROBES OF HOLLYWOOD, 1947-1952 Jack D. Meeks, Doctor of Philosophy, 2009 Directed By: Dr. Maurine Beasley, Journalism The House Un-American Activities Committee, popularly known as the HUAC, conducted two investigations of the movie industry, in 1947 and again in 1951-1952. The goal was to determine the extent of communist infiltration in Hollywood and whether communist propaganda had made it into American movies. The spotlight that the HUAC shone on Tinsel Town led to the blacklisting of approximately 300 Hollywood professionals. This, along with the HUAC’s insistence that witnesses testifying under oath identify others that they knew to be communists, contributed to the Committee’s notoriety. Until now, historians have concentrated on offering accounts of the HUAC’s practice of naming names, its scrutiny of movies for propaganda, and its intervention in Hollywood union disputes. The HUAC’s sealed files were first opened to scholars in 2001. This study is the first to draw extensively on these newly available documents in an effort to reevaluate the HUAC’s Hollywood probes. This study assesses four areas in which the new evidence indicates significant, fresh findings. First, a detailed analysis of the Committee’s investigatory methods reveals that most of the HUAC’s information came from a careful, on-going analysis of the communist press, rather than techniques such as surveillance, wiretaps and other cloak and dagger activities. Second, the evidence shows the crucial role played by two brothers, both German communists living as refugees in America during World War II, in motivating the Committee to launch its first Hollywood probe. -
Atomic Espionage in World War II
Stone/Every r3P 303–368 10/3/08 11:58 AM Page 324 Chapter 29 Unfinished Business: Atomic Espionage in World War II A famous living atomic spy of half a century ago is located and the problem arises of what to do about it. This chapter is designed to be part of the solu- tion. I suppose it all started with the publication, in the spring of 1994, of Special Tasks, the memoir of the Soviet KGB spymaster Pavel Sudoplatov; the volume, written with his son, Anatoli, and two American coauthors, Jerrold and Leona Schecter, accused the most famous atomic physicists of the period of the World War II Manhattan Project—Robert Oppenheimer, Enrico Fermi, Leo Szilard, and Niels Bohr—of having “knowingly cooperated” with Soviet espionage to help the Soviet Union (then in a wartime alliance with the United States) to enable them to make progress on an atomic bomb. Sudoplatov, who died in September 1996, was a highly placed KGB official during the war. From 1939 to early 1942, he seems to have run a special section of the foreign intelligence division that handled “wet affairs”: murder, terrorism, sabotage. From 1942 to 1944, he headed the Fourth Directorate of the NKVD, which directed the partisan guerilla operations, including terrorism and sabotage behind German lines. He claimed that Beria made him “director of intelligence” for the Special Committee on the Atom Bomb, though others say that this committee was not formed until August 1945.493 In any case, only two sentences in the Sudoplatov book made the allegations against the three Americans. -
NCRP D Th Milli W K St D NCRP and the Million Worker Study
Department of Energy Nuclear Energy Advisory Committee 6 December 2012 – Washington, D.C. NCRP and th e Milli on Wor ker Stu dy John D Boice Jr National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (()NCRP) Vanderbilt University, Dept of Medicine [email protected] http://NCRPonline.org Outline NCRP Million U.S. Radiation Worker and Veteran Study . DOE Manhattan Project Workers . NRC Nuclear Utility Workers . DOD Atomic Veteran . Medical Workers Opportunities National Council on Radiation Ptti&MProtection & Measuremen ts 1929: U.S. Advisory Committee on X-ray and Radium Protection 1946: USU.S. Na tiona lCl Comm ittee on Radiation Protection 1964: National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements chartered by Congress (Public Law 88-376 ) Reports, Advice, Research 2012 National Study of One Million U.S. Radiation Workers and Veterans . Manhattan Project . Atomic veterans . Nuclear utility workers . Medical and other Robert Oppenheimer, General Leslie Groves, Enrico Fermi, Hans Bethe, Theodore Hall . Other military – possibly Navy OAK (HARDTACK I), Enewetak, Health Physics News October 2012 8.9 MT, 28 Jun 1958 Sponsored by: The Major Issue in Radiation Epidemiology and Radiation Protection? What is the level of risk when exposure received gradually over time and not briefly ? Medicine Accidents Occupation Environment Summary of Progress . The Pilot study demonstrated that the full-scale study is feasible. The study population is 10x larger than the atomic bomb survivor study and has more high-dose subjects (>100 mSv) and many more deaths (286,000 to date). The assembled cohort consists of 196,000 DOE uranium workers, 155,000 DOE plutonium workers, 300,000 nuclear power plant workers, over 300,000 other radiation workers, and 115 , 000 atomic veterans. -
Peace Studies Program
CORNELL UNIVERSITY PEACE STUDIES PROGRAM Occasional Papers COMMERCIAL NUCLEAR POWER AND NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION by Steven J. Baker Number 5 Commercial Nuclear Power and Nuclear Proliferation Steven J. Baker Research Associate Peace Studies Program Cornell University PEACE STUDIES PROGRAM OCCASIONAL PAPER NO. 5 May 1975 Steven J. Baker holds a doctorate in political science from the University of California at Los Angeles. Dr. Baker's paper was written while he was a post-doctoral Research Associate of the Peace Studies Program of Cornell University's Center for International Studies. Commercia1 Nuclear Power and Nuclear Proliferation INTRODUCTION In the last year concern has grown over the implica tions of nuclear energy exports: intense competition among advanced industrial countries to export nuclear reactors, fuels, and fuel processing facilities has increased fears about accelerating the acquisition of nuclear weapons capabilities in Third World countries. This concern has reportedly generated an examination of the possibility of a common approach to the problem of nuclear exports on the part of some of the nuclear exporting nations—the United States, Britain, the Soviet Union, France, West Germany, Canada, Japan, and Italy. In the United States, congressional concern has resulted in a proposal to revise the standards and procedures govern ing nuclear exports. Opposition to these unilateral restric tions is strong in various parts of the bureaucracy, in the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, and in the nuclear industry. This paper surveys the development of the international nuclear energy market, with particular reference to America's role in this process. The emphasis is on the interplay between the commercial promotion of nuclear energy and the proliferation of nuclear weapons, between domestic and foreign policies, and the implications of domestic energy policy choices for future nuclear weapons proliferation. -
Albert J. and Roberta Wohlstetter Papers
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt1489q8rg Online items available Register of the Albert J. and Roberta Wohlstetter papers Finding aid prepared by Aparna Mukherjee, David Jacobs, Natalia Porfirenko, and Ronald Bulatoff Hoover Institution Library and Archives © 2001, 2007, 2020 434 Galvez Mall Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-6003 [email protected] URL: http://www.hoover.org/library-and-archives Register of the Albert J. and 97076 1 Roberta Wohlstetter papers Title: Albert J. and Roberta Wohlstetter papers Date (inclusive): 1929-2007 Collection Number: 97076 Contributing Institution: Hoover Institution Library and Archives Language of Material: English Physical Description: 846 manuscript boxes, 5 card file boxes, 8 oversize boxes(343.4 Linear Feet) Abstract: Speeches and writings, correspondence, notes, memoranda, reports, studies, and printed matter relating to American military and national security policy, nuclear warfare strategic planning, and nuclear proliferation issues. Includes the papers of Roberta Wohlstetter, wife of Albert J. Wohlstetter. Digital copies of select records also available at https://digitalcollections.hoover.org. Creator: Wohlstetter, Albert Creator: Wohlstetter, Roberta Hoover Institution Library & Archives Access "Boxes 1-61, 201-354, 385-754, 815-821, and 838-859 closed. The remainder of the collection is open for research; materials must be requested at least two business days in advance of intended use." Publication Rights For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Library & Archives. Acquisition Information Materials were acquired by the Hoover Institution Library & Archives in 1997. Preferred Citation [Identification of item], Albert J. and Roberta Wohlstetter papers, [Box no., Folder no. or title], Hoover Institution Library & Archives. Alternate Forms Available Digital copies of select records also available at https://digitalcollections.hoover.org. -
The Gallipoli Gazette OFFICIAL ORGAN of the GALLIPOLI MEMORIAL CLUB LTD
Vol. 50, No.4 (New Series) SUMMER 2020 The Gallipoli Gazette OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE GALLIPOLI MEMORIAL CLUB LTD WW2 spy Agent Sonya later stole Atom Bomb secrets The incredible story behind probably the greatest female spy ever who altered the course of history in her decades as a Russian spy. British housewife, Mrs. brother, Jurgen became a noted Ursula joined the German Ursula Beurton, was a devoted historian-economist who also Communist Party. wife and mother-of-three who dabbled in espionage. Also in 1926 she attended a epitomised rural British dom- This prosperous family lived librarianship academy and the esticity in her quiet Cotswolds in southwest Berlin. In 1918, following year was employed by village of Great Rollright during when aged 11, she acted in a the large Berlin publisher Ullstein World War Two. silent movie, The House of Three Verlag. She was sacked in 1928 She would wave to her Girls. On leaving school Ursula after participating in a May Day neighbours as she pedaled her was apprenticed as a book dealer. rally. bicycle through the Oxfordshire In 1924 she joined the left-leaning For nine months from countryside to gather scientific Free Employees League, the December 1928 she worked in a intelligence from one of the Young Communists and New York book shop. On country's most brilliant nuclear Germany's Red Aid. In 1926 returning to Berlin she married physicists and then transmit it to Rudolf Hamburger, an architect Soviet intelligence head- and fellow Communist quarters via the radio Party member. They set transmitter she was up the Marxist Workers' hiding in her outdoor Library that she headed privy. -
Manhattan Project Spies and Oak Ridge, Part 4 (As Published in the Oak Ridger’S Historically Speaking Column on December 29, 2014)
Manhattan Project Spies and Oak Ridge, Part 4 (As published in The Oak Ridger’s Historically Speaking column on December 29, 2014) Continuing with the fourth and final installment of the Historically Speaking series on Manhattan Project Spies with connections to Oak Ridge, we now examine Al Slack, according to Dr. John Googin’s autobiography, Al Slack was a shift supervisor at Y-12 during the Manhattan Project. Alfred Dean Slack was born in 1906. He worked at the Eastman Kodak Company in Rochester, NY, where he first sold commercial information first to Richard Briggs, thinking it was going to a competitor of Kodak, but learned it was actually going to the Soviet Union. Later after Briggs sudden death, Slack was handed off by Soviet agents to Harry Gold who became the courier to provide the information to the Soviet Union. Harry Gold (December 11, 1911 - August 28, 1972) was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Russian Jewish immigrants. By 1940, Gold was a recruited Soviet agent assigned the codename GUS, or GOOSE. As often happens with Historically Speaking, these articles on spies in Oak Ridge have produced several contacts with people who have additional information. I received a contact from Mike Finn concerning Al Slack. Mike said, “I have a personal connection. My family has had a farm in Webster, NY (just outside Rochester) for over a century. From time to time I heard stories about the spy who lived next door in the late 1930’s, early 40’s, and who moved to Oak Ridge. They mentioned the name of Harry Gold.” Mike continued, “I was a bit skeptical and wanted to know more.