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Ciencia, Tecnología Y Salud Ciencia, Tecnología y Salud ISSN: 2409-3459 Vol. 3 Num. 2 jul/dic 2016 Directorio / Board-Staff Oscar Federico Nave Director de la revista Dirección General de Investigación, Usac, Guatemala Gerardo Leonel Arroyo Catalán Hilda Elena Valencia Marroquín de Abril Dirección General de Investigación, Usac, Guatemala Dirección General de Investigación, Usac, Guatemala Patricia Velez-Müller Editor en jefe Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Usac, Guatemala Gerardo Leonel Arroyo Catalán Consejo Editorial Dirección General de Investigación, Usac, Guatemala Freddy Araya Rodríguez Editor Adjunto Doctorado en Ciencias Naturales para el Desarrollo, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Costa Rica Armando Cáceres Estrada Carolina Arévalo Valdéz Dirección General de Investigación, Usac, Guatemala Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Usac, Guatemala Editor invitado de este número Rodolfo Espinosa Jack C. Schuster R.E. Ingeniería, Guatemala Centro de Estudios Ambientales y de Biodiversidad, Heisler Gómez Méndez Universidad del Valle, Guatemala Universidad Federal de Lavras, Brasil Co-editores y Asistente Eduardo López Bastida Centro de Estudios de Energía y Medio Ambiente, Cuba Augusto Saúl Guerra Gutiérrez María Carlota Monroy Dirección General de Investigación, Usac, Guatemala Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Usac, Guatemala María del Rosario Godínez y Godínez Enrique Pazos Sistema de Estudios de Postgrado, Usac, Guatemala Escuela de Física y Matemáticas, Usac, Guatemala Andrea Eunice Rodas Morán Eduardo Rubio Dirección General de Investigación, Usac, Guatemala Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala Asistente de Editores Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala Comité Editorial Igor Iván Slowing Umaña Iowa State University, United States of America Julio Rufino Salazar Pérez Dirección General de Investigación, Usac, Guatemala Unidad de Publicaciones y Divulgación Carlos Enrique Acevedo González Dirección General de Investigación, Usac, Guatemala Marlene Pawlova Pérez Muñoz Dirección General de Investigación, Usac, Guatemala Liuba María Cabrera Ovalle de Villagrán Dirección General de Investigación, Usac, Guatemala Mynor Alexander Alegria Monterroso Sarah Foss Diseñador gráfico, Guatemala Department of History, Indiana University, United States of America Asesores de edición Dennis Guerra-Centeno Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Usac, Dara Sucel Higueros Pellecer Guatemala Bibliotecóloga (Normalización documental) Hugo Roberto Muñoz Roldan José David Marroquín | 105 Facultad de Odontología, Usac, Guatemala Asesor filológico, Guatemala Ciencia, Tecnología y Salud ISSN: 2409-3459 Vol. 3 Num. 2 jul/dic 2016 Contenido / Contents Editorial / Editorial ............................................ 107 Exploratory serosurvey for antibodies to avian pa- Artículo Científico / Scientific Article thogens in backyard chickens from a satellite com- munity of Jalapa City, Guatemala Mercurio en tiburón Sphyrna lewini y Carcharhinus falciformis del pacífico guatemalteco Encuesta serológica exploratoria para anticuerpos a patógenos aviares en pollos de patio trasero de una Mercury in shark Sphyrna lewini and Carcharhinus comunidad satélite de la ciudad de Jalapa, Guatemala falciformis in the Guatemalan Pacific Edvin Aquino-Sagastume, Dennis Guerra-Centeno, Carlos Val- Eduardo E. Chacón, Adrián M. Castro, Alva J. Montiel, Juan M. dez-Sandoval, Federico Villatoro, Daniela Villatoro, Beatriz Tejeda, Gustavo A. Elías ............................................................109 Santizo ............................................................................... 157 Contribución al conocimiento de los encinos Ensayo Científico / Scientific Essay (Quercus: Fagaceae) en los departamentos de Alta Verapaz, Baja Verapaz y Petén, Guatemala ¿Por qué continúa la contaminación de aguas en Guatemala? Contribution to the knowledge of oaks (Quercus: Fagaceae) from the departaments of Alta Verapaz, Baja Verapaz and Why water sources in Guatemala are still being polluted? Petén, Guatemala Norman L. Siguí .........................................................................167 Maura L. Quezada, Rosario Rodas-Duarte, Andrea A. Marro- quín-Tintí ....................................................................................115 Resúmenes de Congresos / Congress Abstracts III Encuentro Bienal de Investigación y Postgrado Perfil epidemiológico del accidente ofídico en las 2016 / Ciencia y Tecnología tierras bajas de Guatemala III Research and Postgraduate Biennial Encounter 2016 / Science Epidemiological profile of snakebite envenoming in the and Technology ..........................................................................177 lowlands of Guatemala Dennis Guerra-Centeno .............................................................127 III Encuentro Bienal de Investigación y Postgrado 2016 / Salud Entomología forense: el ciclo de vida de la mosca III Research and Postgraduate Biennial Encounter 2016 / verde Phaenicia eximia (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Health ................................................................................ 201 Calliphoridae), como herramienta para estimar el intervalo post-mortem Instruciones para autores Forensic entomology: The life cycle of the green bottle fly Instructions for authors .................................................227 Phaenicia eximia (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), as a tool for the estimation of post-mortem interval Revisores de este número Enio B. Cano...............................................................................139 Reviewers of this issue ............................................................229 Controles alternativos para el gorgojo del frijol Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera: Bru- chidae) Alternate controls for the bean weevil Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) Carlos E. López-Monzón, Willmar V. Tobar-Tomás, Alan G. Ven- tura-Gómez .................................................................................149 106 | Ciencia, Tecnología y Salud ISSN: 2409-3459 Vol. 3 Num. 2 jul/dic 2016 Editorial / Editorial l Comité Editorial de la revista Ciencia Tecnolo- regiones tropicales de Guatemala. Para definir el perfil Egía y Salud, se complace en presentar el segundo epidemiológico de esta patología, Guerra-Centeno a tra- número del volumen 3 (2016) que contó como Editor vés de la revisión de expedientes médicos en dos hospi- Invitado al Dr. Jack Schuster de la Universidad del Valle tales regionales del país, uno en Escuintla (costa sur) y y en el que varios de los artículos presentados corres- otro en San Benito Petén (norte) detectó 305 casos de ponden a trabajos de investigación sobre entomología. accidente ofídico durante 2008-2013. La información El primer artículo de Chacón y colaboradores obtenida indica que es un afección de jóvenes (pro- nos presenta los niveles de mercurio en dos especies medio 25.2 años), que afecta más a varones (61.3%) y de tiburones (Carcharhinus falciformis J. P. Müller & agricultores (28.3%) y que el sitio de mordedura más Henle y Sphyrna lewinii E. Griffith & C. H. Smith) frecuente es en lo miembros inferiores. Se revisan las colectados en el Pacífico guatemalteco. Si bien un 73% condiciones de atención de este accidente, concluyén- de las muestras de la especie de S. lewinii y 9% de dose que la distancia que tiene que viajar el paciente las de C. falciformis presentaron niveles de mercurio al hospital para ser atendido y las dificultades de trans- superiores al límite máximo permisible de acuerdo a porte de los sueros antiofídicos en forma adecuada son la normativa europea, el cálculo del índice de peligro factores importantes que contribuyen a la vulnerabili- sistémico demostró que el músculo de ambas especies dad de las personas a riesgo. puede consumirse sin ningún riesgo potencial para la El uso de algunos insectos y artrópodos para de- población. finir aspectos legales relacionados con las muertes vio- El siguiente es un artículo de prospección reali- lentas, constituye la entomología forense, de especial zado en colecciones botánicas por Quezada y colabo- aplicación en la estimación del intervalo post-mortem radores, en el que se resalta la importancia que tienen de casos de muertes violentas. A partir del conocimiento los árboles del género Quercus desde el punto de vista general de la mosca verde (Phaenicia eximia Wide- ecológico y económico en los bosques en los que pre- mann), cuya macrofotografía ilustra la portada de este valecen estas especies. El estudio tuvo como objetivo número, y de acuerdo a su distribución relativamente actualizar la diversidad de especies del género Quercus restringida en el país en las últimas décadas, se propone presentes en los departamentos de Alta Verapaz, Baja que la información aportada por el ciclo de vida de este Verapaz y Petén usando cuatro fuentes de información: insecto podría ser un elemento interesante para estimar revisión de literatura, revisión de material de herba- el intervalo post-mortem. A través de un proceso de rios nacionales, revisión de bases de datos de herba- colecta, crianza en condiciones de laboratorio y mues- rios extranjeros y colectas de campo. Se registraron 19 treo, Cano propone que el ciclo de vida de esta especie especies, que incluyen nueve más que las reportadas podría tener aplicación en entomología forense para previamente en la literatura, de las cuales 16 tienen calcular el tiempo de fallecimiento. algún grado de amenaza y se demuestran las especies Un factor importante en la pérdida poscosecha de
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