Eta Y Iota En Guatemala
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+1. Introduction 2. Cyrillic Letter Rumanian Yn
MAIN.HTM 10/13/2006 06:42 PM +1. INTRODUCTION These are comments to "Additional Cyrillic Characters In Unicode: A Preliminary Proposal". I'm examining each section of that document, as well as adding some extra notes (marked "+" in titles). Below I use standard Russian Cyrillic characters; please be sure that you have appropriate fonts installed. If everything is OK, the following two lines must look similarly (encoding CP-1251): (sample Cyrillic letters) АабВЕеЗКкМНОопРрСсТуХхЧЬ (Latin letters and digits) Aa6BEe3KkMHOonPpCcTyXx4b 2. CYRILLIC LETTER RUMANIAN YN In the late Cyrillic semi-uncial Rumanian/Moldavian editions, the shape of YN was very similar to inverted PSI, see the following sample from the Ноул Тестамент (New Testament) of 1818, Neamt/Нямец, folio 542 v.: file:///Users/everson/Documents/Eudora%20Folder/Attachments%20Folder/Addons/MAIN.HTM Page 1 of 28 MAIN.HTM 10/13/2006 06:42 PM Here you can see YN and PSI in both upper- and lowercase forms. Note that the upper part of YN is not a sharp arrowhead, but something horizontally cut even with kind of serif (in the uppercase form). Thus, the shape of the letter in modern-style fonts (like Times or Arial) may look somewhat similar to Cyrillic "Л"/"л" with the central vertical stem looking like in lowercase "ф" drawn from the middle of upper horizontal line downwards, with regular serif at the bottom (horizontal, not slanted): Compare also with the proposed shape of PSI (Section 36). 3. CYRILLIC LETTER IOTIFIED A file:///Users/everson/Documents/Eudora%20Folder/Attachments%20Folder/Addons/MAIN.HTM Page 2 of 28 MAIN.HTM 10/13/2006 06:42 PM I support the idea that "IA" must be separated from "Я". -
Ethnic Images and Strategies in 1944 Ethnic Images and Strategies in 19441
TEXAS PAPERS ON LATIN AMERICA Pre-publication working papers of the Institute of Latin American Studies University of Texas at Austin ISSN 0892.3507 Ethnic lmages and Strategies in 1944 Richard N. Adams Rapoport Centennial Professor of Liberal Arts University of Texas at Austin Paper No. 88-06 http://lanic.utexas.edu/project/etext/llilas/tpla/8806.pdf Richard N. Adams Ethnic Images and Strategies in 1944 Ethnic Images and Strategies in 19441 by Richard N. Adams Guatemala in 1944 was on the verge of a great transition that was to continue over the next several decades. Since independence it had experienced a long, if irregu- lar, era of liberal expansion, marked most clearly by the adoption of coffee cultivation and its conversion into a country dedicated to the export of that crop. While historian s may disagree on periodization, it is not misleading to see the general society as evolv- ing under a nineteenth-century liberal economic framework that continued up through World War 11.The period from 1944 to 1954 (the tlRevolutiontl) was an era of signifi- cant reform but terrninated in failure and thus marked no significant divergence from the liberal framework. Despite some well-ensconced myths about its love for Indians, the dictatorship of Jorge Ubico (1931-1944) followed the track of the classic liberal state; it did noth- ing to alleviate the economic and social repression of the Indian. Its vagrancy law put an end to debt servitude, but simply took the control exercised by landowners over Indians and placed it more directIy in the hands of the state. -
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A War of Proper Names: The Politics of Naming, Indigenous Insurrection, and Genocidal Violence During Guatemala’s Civil War. Juan Carlos Mazariegos Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2020 © 2019 Juan Carlos Mazariegos All Rights Reserved Abstract A War of Proper Names: The Politics of Naming, Indigenous Insurrection, and Genocidal Violence During Guatemala’s Civil War During the Guatemalan civil war (1962-1996), different forms of anonymity enabled members of the organizations of the social movement, revolutionary militants, and guerrilla combatants to address the popular classes and rural majorities, against the backdrop of generalized militarization and state repression. Pseudonyms and anonymous collective action, likewise, acquired political centrality for revolutionary politics against a state that sustained and was symbolically co-constituted by forms of proper naming that signify class and racial position, patriarchy, and ethnic difference. Between 1979 and 1981, at the highest peak of mass mobilizations and insurgent military actions, the symbolic constitution of the Guatemalan state was radically challenged and contested. From the perspective of the state’s elites and military high command, that situation was perceived as one of crisis; and between 1981 and 1983, it led to a relatively brief period of massacres against indigenous communities of the central and western highlands, where the guerrillas had been operating since 1973. Despite its long duration, by 1983 the fate of the civil war was sealed with massive violence. Although others have recognized, albeit marginally, the relevance of the politics of naming during Guatemala’s civil war, few have paid attention to the relationship between the state’s symbolic structure of signification and desire, its historical formation, and the dynamics of anonymous collective action and revolutionary pseudonymity during the war. -
Ÿþm Icrosoft W
M1 M1 1g YEAR OF LNo Anon ThU NO LONGER V"'H US, THEY UVE FOREVERII ON the momig of to 9t June 19 3, the Pretorla regime carried out a cold . esd murder of three membem of the African Natjons lCW -. contetahs of Uhorto We Sizwe, Simon Mopq a, Jerry Mosololl and Thabo Matung. This murder was olo out in 'violation of kIernational law. The Judicial itler of fordemocracy, non-rcialism thse beave soldiers of the and peace. They fought for a Mbishouldnm courge us South Afica which will be on a ver before. bsed on the principles We must unite In our deter- enslined in our Freedom rination to Ad Sa lc. CharteL of te - --AI joural of the Afham National Cougress Kilihg us will not halt the strggle 'U, ~e 5 June 281t% -W* Lote frm Mdr pe 8 CommantyCun* sons and daughters in Matola, Mseru mad of the dcitizens of those countries MK MANIFESTO By joining the African National Congress our heroes responded to the call of the people to continue our forward march. By Joining Urkhonto We Sizwe they became people's soldiers and lived up to the dedaration of MK as stated in Its Manifesto of 1961:Umkhonto We Sizwe will be at the frontline of the peoples defence. It will be the fighting arm of the people against Government and Its policies of race oppression. It will be the striking force of the people for liberty, for their rights and for their final liberation." Paying tribute to these fallen heroes, the SecretaryGeneral of the African National Congress, comrade Alfred Nzostated: ' The Africen National Congress hereby extends its heartfelt condolences to the tmills of the martyred heroes and commends them for their deadfastose in defence of what their loved ones stood fo We salute the nternational community which raised Its voie. -
Chwa Nima Ab'aj ( Mixco Viejo)
1 2 Chwa Nima Ab’aj ( Mixco Viejo) “Recordación Florida”, o, “Historia del Reyno de Goathemala”, es una obra escrita por el Capitán Francisco Fuentes y Guzmán en 1690, o sea unos 165 años después de que fuerzas invasoras españolas ocuparan el territorio de la actual Guatemala. A Fuentes y Guzmán se le considera el primer historiador criollo guatemalteco, ya que en esta obra narra lo que se acredita como la primera historia general del país. Por los cargos ocupados: Cronista de Ciudad nombrado por el Rey, Regidor Perpetuo del Ayuntamiento y Alcalde Mayor tuvo acceso a numerosos documentos (muchos desaparecidos) que le permitió hacer esa monumental obra. Hoy día, con la aparición de otros antiguos documentos con narraciones tanto de indígenas, como de españoles y mestizos, algunos de los datos y hechos consignados en la famosa “Recordación Florida” han sido refutados, negados o impugnados, sin que por esos casos se ponga en cuestión la trascendencia de la obra del “Cronista de la Ciudad”. Esta obra es de capital importancia pues en ella se consigna por vez primera la existencia de Mixco, (Chwa Nima Ab’aj) así como los sucesos acaecidos en la batalla que finalizó con su destrucción por parte de los españoles. Sin embargo, a pesar de la autenticidad narrativa de Fuentes y Guzmán sobre la batalla librada para ocupar Mixco, el nombre que le dio a esta inigualable ciudadela ceremonial, así como los datos sobre la etnia indígena que la habitaba y defendió ante la invasión española, los Pokomames, han sido impugnados sobre la base de estudios antropológicos, arqueológicos y documentos indígenas escritos recién terminada la conquista. -
Boletín Informativo Departamento De Alta Verapaz Páginas
Volumen 4, No.4 Boletín Informativo 2010 Departamento de Alta Verapaz Puntos de interés especial: Tiene una población al 30 de junio Información General 2010 de 1,078,942 personas. Datos generales de Alta Verapaz La mayor producción en el departa- mento es de maíz blanco. Extensión territorial 8,686 km² La población catalogada como Altitud 1,317 msnm económicamente activa correspon- de a un 61.78% con respecto a la Densidad Poblacional 124 p/Km². (2010) población en edad de trabajar. Clima Templado Húmedo La mayor cantidad de tierra es Fiesta titular 4 de agosto utilizada, para bosques y cultivos anuales o temporales. Idiomas Quekchí, Pocomchí, Achí, Español Fundación 1,543 Contenido: Pág. Lugares poblados 2 Producción Maíz amarrillo, maíz blanco , fríjol ne- El Departamento de Alta Verapaz se Proyecciones de población 3 agrícola gro y arroz. encuentra situado en la región II o Población económicamente activa por 6 región Norte en la República de rama de actividad Guatemala, su cabecera departa- Los trajes aborígenes figuran entre los mental es Cobán y limita al Norte Población analfabeta 7 más vistosos del país. En algunos mu- con el departamento de Petén; al Finanzas municipales 8 nicipios, especialmente en Cobán y Sur con los departamentos de Zaca- San Pedro Carchá, se han conservado pa y Baja Verapaz; y al Este con el Índice de Precios al Consumidor 9 Producción bastantes costumbres indígenas que departamento de Izabal; y al Oeste Granos básicos 10 artesanal han practicado secularmente los indios con el departamento del Quiché. Aves 10 kekchíes, especialmente sus fiestas religiosas conocidas como "Pabanc" y Número de Productores indígenas y no 11 indígenas costeadas por varias cofradías meno- res. -
Schooling in Chajul: National Struggles, Community Voices
Schooling in Chajul: National Struggles, Community Voices Lindsey Musen Kate Percuoco February 2010 This report was requested by Limitless Horizons Ixil. © 2010 Lindsey Musen and Kate Percuoco. Please contact the authors at [email protected] with questions or for permission to reproduce. [SCHOOLING IN CHAJUL] February 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS Purpose 1 Chajul and the Ixil Region 2 Methodology 2 Education in Guatemala 3 Enrollment & Demographics 3 History of Education Policy 4 Current Education Policy 6 Gender 7 Poverty 9 Language and Culture 11 Academic Barriers 12 Education in Chajul 13 Funding 15 Politics 16 Enrollment and Class Size 17 Attendance, Grade Repetition, & Dropout 18 Gender 19 Facilities and Supplies 19 Materials 20 Technology 21 Curriculum & Instruction 21 Teachers 24 Family 25 Health 25 Outlying Communities 26 Social Services in Chajul 27 Strengths and Opportunities 29 Educational Needs 29 Models of Education Programming 30 Recommendations 34 Limitations 39 Authors and Acknowledgements 39 References 40 Appendix A: Limitless Horizons Ixil 43 PURPOSE This study was requested by Limitless Horizons Ixil1 (LHI), a non-governmental organization (NGO) operating in San Gaspar Chajul in the western highlands of Guatemala. The research is meant to illuminate the challenges faced by students, teachers, and educational leaders in the community, so that LHI 1 For more information about LHI, please visit http://www.limitlesshorizonsixil.org. 1 [SCHOOLING IN CHAJUL] February 2010 and other organizations in Chajul can focus their resources towards the greatest needs, while integrating community members into the process. CHAJUL AND THE IXIL REGION San Gaspar Chajul is isolated by beautiful mountains and has maintained its rich Ixil Mayan traditions and language. -
Cooperative Agreement on Human Settlements and Natural Resource Systems Analysis
COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT ON HUMAN SETTLEMENTS AND NATURAL RESOURCE SYSTEMS ANALYSIS CENTRAL PLACE SYSTEMS IN GUATEMALA: THE FINDINGS OF THE INSTITUTO DE FOMENTO MUNICIPAL (A PRECIS AND TRANSLATION) RICHARD W. WILKIE ARMIN K. LUDWIG University of Massachusetts-Amherst Rural Marketing Centers Working Gro'p Clark University/Institute for Development Anthropology Cooperative Agreemeat (USAID) Clark University Institute for Development Anthropology International Development Program Suite 302, P.O. Box 818 950 Main Street 99 Collier Street Worcester, MA 01610 Binghamton, NY 13902 CENTRAL PLACE SYSTEMS IN GUATEMALA: THE FINDINGS OF THE INSTITUTO DE FOMENTO MUNICIPAL (A PRECIS AND TRANSLATION) RICHARD W. WILKIE ARMIN K. LUDWIG Univer ity of Massachusetts-Amherst Rural Marketing Centers Working Group Clark University/Institute for Development Anthropology Cooperative Agreement (USAID) August 1983 THE ORGANIZATION OF SPACE IN THE CENTRAL BELT OF GUATEMALA (ORGANIZACION DEL ESPACIO EN LA FRANJA CENTRAL DE LA REPUBLICA DE GUATEMALA) Juan Francisco Leal R., Coordinator of the Study Secretaria General del Consejo Nacional de Planificacion Economica (SGCNPE) and Agencia Para el Desarrollo Internacional (AID) Instituto de Fomento Municipal (INFOM) Programa: Estudios Integrados de las Areas Rurales (EIAR) Guatemala, Octubre 1981 Introduction In 1981 the Guatemalan Institute for Municipal Development (Instituto de Fomento Municipal-INFOM) under its program of Integrated Studies of Rural Areas (Est6dios Integrados de las Areas Rurales-EIAR) completed the work entitled Organizacion del Espcio en la Franja Centrol de la Republica de Guatemala (The Organization of Space in the Central Belt of Guatemala). This work had its origins in an agreement between the government of Guatemala, represented by the General Secretariat of the National Council for Economic Planning, and the government of the United States through its Agency for International Development. -
Yupiltepeque Amen Aza Por Deslizamien Tos 575000.000000 580000.000000 89°48'W 89°45'W
CODIGO: AMENAZA POR DESLIZAMIENTOS E INUNDACIONES 2206 DEPARTAMENTO DE JUTIAPA 8 MUNICIPIO DE YUPILTEPEQUE AMEN AZA POR DESLIZAMIEN TOS 575000.000000 580000.000000 89°48'W 89°45'W " Quebrada La pred ic c ión d e esta a m ena za utiliza la m eto d o lo gía rec o no c id a " Seca Cerro Pena d e Mo ra -V a hrso n, pa ra estim a r la s a m ena za s d e d esliza m iento s a o Del Garrobo Quebrada El Limón n " Buena er un nivel d e d eta lle d e 1 kilóm etro . Esta c o m pleja m o d ela c ión utiliza 0 p 0 0 a Los 0 0 Vista 0 0 " h 0 una c o m b ina c ión d e d a to s so b re la lito lo gía , la hum ed a d d el suelo , 0 Silva 0 0 C 0 . " . 0 Río 0 0 0 pend iente y pro nóstic o s d e tiem po en este c a so prec ipita c ión 0 "El Cujito 0 6 Quebra 6 d Tamarindo N 7 a gua 7 Las A F " ' a c um ula d a que CATHALAC genera d ia ria m ente a tra vés d el 5 5 N r s 5 ' í Quebrada po 1 a Los Sa 1 1 5 Pilas ° 1 " m o d elo m eso sc a le PSU /N CAR, el MM5. -
Alta Verapaz Informe Finalver2
MODELO INTEGRAL DE SALUD DESARROLLADO E IMPLEMENTADO SOBRE LA BASE DE LA RECTORÍA, LA PARTICIPACIÓN SOCIAL Y LA GESTIÓN LOCAL ASDI III LÍNEA BASAL 2003 INFORME DESCRIPTIVO ÁREA DE SALUD, ALTA VERAPAZ GUATEMALA, NOVIEMBRE DE 2,005 Proyecto ASDI III: Línea Basal 2003 Alta Verapaz, 1 Guatemala Noviembre 2005 ÍNDICE 6 TABLAS ............................................................................................................................................................................ 3 7 GRÁFICAS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 4 7 GRÁFICAS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 4 8 ILUSTRACIONES ......................................................................................................................................................... 5 1. Introducción........................................................................................................................................................ 6 2. Indicadores ASDI III.......................................................................................................................................... 8 2.1. Consolidado de Indicadores ASDI III ........................................................................................................ 8 2.2. Los Indicadores ASDI III por municipio.................................................................................................23 -
1 a Hyperactive End to the Atlantic Hurricane Season: October–November 2020
1 A Hyperactive End to the Atlantic Hurricane Season: October–November 2020 2 3 Philip J. Klotzbach* 4 Department of Atmospheric Science 5 Colorado State University 6 Fort Collins CO 80523 7 8 Kimberly M. Wood# 9 Department of Geosciences 10 Mississippi State University 11 Mississippi State MS 39762 12 13 Michael M. Bell 14 Department of Atmospheric Science 15 Colorado State University 16 Fort Collins CO 80523 17 1 18 Eric S. Blake 19 National Hurricane Center 1 Early Online Release: This preliminary version has been accepted for publication in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, may be fully cited, and has been assigned DOI 10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0312.1. The final typeset copyedited article will replace the EOR at the above DOI when it is published. © 2021 American Meteorological Society Unauthenticated | Downloaded 09/26/21 05:03 AM UTC 20 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 21 Miami FL 33165 22 23 Steven G. Bowen 24 Aon 25 Chicago IL 60601 26 27 Louis-Philippe Caron 28 Ouranos 29 Montreal Canada H3A 1B9 30 31 Barcelona Supercomputing Center 32 Barcelona Spain 08034 33 34 Jennifer M. Collins 35 School of Geosciences 36 University of South Florida 37 Tampa FL 33620 38 2 Unauthenticated | Downloaded 09/26/21 05:03 AM UTC Accepted for publication in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. DOI 10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0312.1. 39 Ethan J. Gibney 40 UCAR/Cooperative Programs for the Advancement of Earth System Science 41 San Diego, CA 92127 42 43 Carl J. Schreck III 44 North Carolina Institute for Climate Studies, Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System 45 Studies (CISESS) 46 North Carolina State University 47 Asheville NC 28801 48 49 Ryan E. -
Preparing Boats, Marinas for Hurricanes
THE BOATER'S GUIDE TO PREPARING BOATS & MARINAS FOR HURRICANES Boat owners from Maine to Texas have number of storm-free years, people in the marina when a hurricane threatens. reason to become edgy in the late summer some of the vulnerable areas will be less Ask the marina manager what hurricane and fall: Each year, on average, two hurri- wary of a storm’s potential fury. But to plan the marina has in place. canes will come ashore somewhere along residents of North Carolina and Virginia, crippled by Isabel in 2003, and people in the Gulf or Atlantic coast, destroying Planning where your boat will best survive Florida, ravaged from four giant storms homes, sinking boats, and turning people’s a storm, and what protective steps you in 2004, the hurricane threat won’t soon lives topsy-turvy for weeks, or even need to take when a hurricane threatens, be forgotten. months. This year, who knows? Florida is should begin before hurricane season. The struck most often, but every coastal state BoatU.S. Marine Insurance claim files is a potential target. Developing a Plan have shown that the probability of damage can be reduced considerably by choosing Experts predict that in the next 20 years If you own a boat, the first step in devel- the most storm-worthy location possible there will be much more hurricane oping a preparation plan is to review and having your plan ready long before a activity than has been seen in the past your dock contract for language that may hurricane warning is posted.