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United States Patent (19 11) 4,312,979 Takemoto Et Al

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United States Patent (19 11) 4,312,979 Takemoto Et Al United States Patent (19 11) 4,312,979 Takemoto et al. 45 Jan. 26, 1982 54 POLYSACCHARIDES CONTAINING 58) Field of Search ......................... 536/1, 18, 114, 4; ALLOSE 435/101 (75) Inventors: Hisao Takemoto; Tatsuo Igarashi, (56) References Cited both of Shin-Nanyo, Japan U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 73 Assignee: Toyo Soda Manufacturing Co., Ltd., 3,711,462 l/1973 Abdo et al. ............................. 536/1 Tokyo, Japan 4,186,025 l/1980 Kang et al. ............................. 536/1 Primary Examiner-Johnnie R. Brown (21) Appl. No.: 30,444 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Scully, Scott, Murphy & Presser 22 Filed: Apr. 16, 1979 57 ABSTRACT 30 Foreign Application Priority Data A new polysaccharide including allose as a constituent Apr. 20, 1978 JP Japan .................................. 53.45918 sugar and further characterized by galactose as a major Dec. 5, 1978 JP Japan ................................ 53-149715 constituent sugar is described. The polysaccharide is produced extracellularly by cultivation of Pseudomonas 51) Int. Cl. ............................................... CO7H1/08 viscogena strains in nutrient medium. 52 U.S. C. ...... 0 a a 4 536/1; 435/72; 435/101; 536/114 6 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures U.S. Patent Jan. 26, 1982 Sheet 1 of 2 4,312,979 8 O O Sn Cd O ar - O - 3 CD won L Cd O CO ve O Cd Cd cN O O O N O O o O o O O. d o o O a. 3 c) do N. ud to at Y on 9 (%) AONWLLIWSNW U.S. Patent Jan. 26, 1982 Sheet 2 of 2 4,312,979 3 s 8 un co, t OO O) O S s S 8 & O O O O O r ONWSOS9W 4,312,979 1. 2 (b) Form of colonies: circular, about 3.5 mm in POLYSACCHARIDES CONTAINING ALLOSE diameter (c) Surface of colonies: smooth FIELD OF THE INVENTION (d) Elevation of Growth: convex (e) Edge of colonies: entire This invention relates to new and useful polysaccha (f) Content of colonies: amorphous rides and the method of their preparation. (g) Tint of colonies: pale yellow BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION (h) Transmittance of colonies: opaque Polysaccharides are generally classified according to (i) Glistening of colonies: glistning 10 (j) Formation of soluble coloring material: none their origin, i.e., from plants, animals and microorgan 2. Cultivation on a nutrient broth agar slant after isms. For example, plant polysaccharides include cellu inoculation at 30° C. for 2 days; lose, pectin, amylose carrageenin, agar-agar and the (a) Growth: abundant growth like; animal, heparin and condroitin-sulfate; and micro (b) Form of growth: spreading organisms, dextrans, xanthan gum, pullan, curdlan and 5 (c) Gross-sectional Elevation of colonies: flat the like. Most such polysaccharides contain glucose as (d) Glistening of growth: glistening the principal constituent sugar. As is well known, many (e) Surface of colonies: smooth of the aforesaid polysaccharides are used in industry for (f) Transmittance of colonies: opaque many and varied purposes such as thickening agents, (g) Tint of colonies: pale yellow stabilizers for foams and the like, emulsifiers, and are 20 (h) Rheological characteristics of colonies: viscid widely used in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical 3. Cultivation in a nutrient broth after inoculation at industry. Polysaccharides can also be used as moldable 30° C. for 2 days; materials for biodegradable films, as well as flocculating (a) Growth on surface: membranous agents since they can be gelled in aqueous solution in (b) Turbidity: moderately turbid the presence of calcium ion. 25 (c) Precipitate formation: compact It is known that species of the genus Pseudomonas (d) Generation of gas: none produce polysaccharides: Applied Microbiology, pub (e) Coloration of medium: none lished December, 1974, p. 903; Japanese published ap 4. Cultivation in a nutrient broth agar stab after inoc plication nos. 151392/76; 130594/76 and 21393/77. The ulation at 30° C. for 2 days; main constituent sugar of the polysaccharides so pro 30 (a) Location of growth: best at top duced is glucose. (b) Line of puncture: pappilate 5. Cultivation in a nutrient broth gelatin stab after SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION inoculation at 20° C. for 2 weeks; This invention provides novel polysaccharides which (a) Liquification of gelatin: none are characterized by containing allose as a constituent 35 6. Growth in milk sugar. Allose is an aldohexose which heretofore was not (a) Reaction: decolorization believed to occur naturally. In addition, the novel poly (b) Gas formation: none saccharides of this invention also contain galactose as (c) Coagulation or liquification: coagulation the most prevailing constituent sugar. The sum of allose (C) Physiological Characteristics: and galactose content is at 50% mol-percent with galac Reduction of nitrate: Reduction to N2 occurs. tose being substantially predominant. Denitrification: - The new polysaccharides of this invention are pro MR test: -- duced by the process of cultivating certain new bacteria VP test: - of the genus Pseudomonas in nutrient media to accumu Formation of indole: -- late the polysaccharides in the medium from which the 45 Formation of hydrogen sulfide: -- polysaccharides are eventually separated and recovered Hydrolysis of starch: - by known methods. Utilization of citric acid: - The new bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas for use Utilization of inorganic nitrogen source: Nitrogen in the present invention are those which are capable of source in either NO3 or NH3-form is utilized. accumulating extracellularly, i.e., in the fermentation 50 10. Formation of coloring material: Green fluores medium, allose-containing polysaccharides. One such cent material is formed. microorganism is Pseudomonas viscogena, isolated from 11. Ulease: -- the soil. The taxonomical characteristics of this organ 12. Oxidase: -- 13. Catalase: -- ism are as follows: 55 (A) Study of Cell Morphology after inoculation at 30 14. Range for growth: 4-10 in pH and at a tempera C. for 6-24 hours on a nutrient broth agar: ture of 10-42 C. 1. Cell form: rods 15. Oxygen requirement: aerobic 2. Cell size: 1.0x0.7 (u) O-F test: oxidation 3. Arrangement: single or pair 60 17. Acid or gas formation from sugars; 4. Motility: motile by polar flagella 5. Endspore: none Sugar Growth Acid Gas 6. Gram stainity: negative L-Arabinose 7. Acid-fast: negative D-Xylose H (B) Cultural Characteristics: 65 O-Glucose D-Mannose 1. Cultivation on a nutrient broth agar plate after D-Fructose inoculation at 30° C. for 2 days; D-Galactose (a) Rate for colony formation: usual Matose 4,312,979 3 4. -continued TABLE 1 Sugar Growth Acid Gas Methanol 1.5 wt.% Sucrose -- - - Diammonium monohydrogen Phosphate 0.40 wt.% E. -- - 5 Monopotassium dihydrogen pharose -- - phosphate 0.10 wt.% D-Sorbit -H --- - Dipotassium monohydrogen D-Mannit -- - - phosphate 0.10 wt.% Inosit -- --- - Magnesium sulfate hepta Glycerine -H -- - hydrate 0.05 wt.% Starch -H - - 10 Ferrous sulfate hepta hydrate 0.001 wt.% Taxonomical identification according to Bergey's Silenbride dihydrate gy' Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 8th Edition Water Balance (1974) shows that the microorganism has characteristics pH 7.0 of genus Pseudomonas. However, no known species in 15 the genus has been found having identification features During the cultivation the pH value of the culture may which coincide with those of the newly found microor- change to a lower value depending on the medium used. ganism. Accordingly, this new species has been given Alkali such as ammonia, sodium hydroxide or potas the name, Pseudomonas viscogena. 20 sium hydroxide may be added for maintaining the pH at A typical strain of the species, Pseudomonas viscogena a predetermined value. TS-1004 is deposited at the Fermentation Research The polysaccharides of this invention have molecular Institute (Tokyo, Japan) under accession number Ferm- weight which are distributing in a range of about P No. 3811 and also at the American Type Culture 1X 104 to about 1X 107 as mentioned above. The molec Collection under accession number ATCC 3504. ular weight values may somewhat change depending on Pseudomonas viscogena can be cultivated aerobically the conditions employed to cultivate the microorgan in a nutrient medium comprising a carbon source, nitro- ism. For example, the concentration ratio of carbon gen source, and salts, as well as optional growth pro- sources and nitrogen sources, and the concentration of moters. phosphates may affect the molecular weight of the Carbon sources include, for example, various hy. 30 polysaccharides, which may also somewhat change droxy-containing organic compounds, such as alkanois, depending on the ratio of methanol, and ammonia in e.g., methanol, ethanol and isopropanol; glycols, e.g., methanolic-ammonia used to adjust the pH of the cul ethylene glycol and propylene glycol; and polyols such ture medium. The separation of the polysaccharides as glycerine and glucose. In particular, the yield of the containing allose as a constituent sugar from the culture new polysaccharides in accordance with this invention 35 carried out using standard procedures of which the source.is especially Thamunt high when of carbon methanol source is is usednot critical as carbon as in followingmedium is issubjected representative. to a centrifugal After the separation cultivation, or thefil any fermentation process and will be determined by the tration using a filter-aid, to remove the mature Pseudo extent of growth or organism desired as well as the monas cells. Crude p olysaccharides are obtained f concentration of polysaccharide desired for processing 40 the filtered medium as s fibers by the addition A 2. from the final fermentation broth. Usually, the amount water soluble organic solvent such as acetone, metha of the carbon source, especially methanol, can range up nol, ethanol or the like. For purification, the crude to about 5% by weight in the fermentation medium polysaccharideso can be dissolved in water, after wash with from about 0.3 to about 3% by weight preferred to ing with ether and ethanol and heat-drying such as at provide good bacterial- growth and propagation.o 45 with80° C.
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