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Rote Liste Der Weichtiere Kärntens (Mollusca)

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Rote Liste Der Weichtiere Kärntens (Mollusca) © Amt der Kärntner Landesregierung W. E. HOLZINGER, P. M ILDNER, T. ROTTENBURG & C. WIESER (Hrsg.): Rote Listen gefährdeter Tiere Kärntens Naturschutz in Kärnten 15: 643 - 662 ? Klagenfurt 1999 Rote Liste der Weichtiere Kärntens (Mollusca) Paul MILDNER & Ursula RATHMAYR Erforschungsstand sehr gut Nachgewiesene Arten (s.str.) 254 Update 24.1.2001 257 Nachgewiesene Taxa (Arten und 285 Unterarten) Update 24.1.2001 289 79 Autochthone Arten (s.str.) 236 57 Update 24.1.2001 239 46 39 Fundmeldungen gesamt ? 37 20 3 4 0 1 R 2 G 3 V ? - © Amt der Kärntner Landesregierung Weichtiere 644 EINLEITUNG Eine umfassende „Rote Liste gefährdeter Tieflandarten entdeckt werden (z. B. Stagnicola Weichtiere Österreichs“ wurde von FRANK & turricula, Anisus vorticulus, Pseudotrichia rubi- REISCHÜTZ (1994) publiziert. Hier finden sich ginosa, Perforatella bidentata). Sie gelangten ver- auch kompetente Hinweise zu den einzelnen mutlich während der postglazialen Wärmezeit über Gefährdungsursachen und kritische Bemerkungen das Drautal ins Klagenfurter Becken (FALKNER, zur Problematik des Arten- und Biotopschutzes. 1998, MILDNER, 1998 b). Einen großen Stellenwert nehmen in Kärnten, das sowohl Anteil In den Nachbarregionen Kärntens erschienen an den Zentral- als auch an den Südlichen derartige Aufstellungen von KREISSL (1981) - Kalkalpen hat, naturgemäß die alpinen Arten ein. Steiermark und BOLE (1992) - Slowenien. Mit der Als Beispiele für hochalpine Faunenelemente im Gefährdung der Kärnter Molluskenfauna im Sinne von KLEMM (1974) seien Arianta stenzii, speziellen setzt sich MILDNER (1973, 1974) aus- Arianta schmidti und Cylindrus obtusus genannt. einander. Kärnten weist, durch die geographischen, Nach den derzeitigen Ermittlungen sind in klimatischen und topographischen Gegebenheiten Kärnten von 285 (Update 289) Schnecken- und des Landes bedingt, eine für Mitteleuropa Muschelarten 3 ausgestorben, 160 gefährdet, 79 einzigartige Weichtierfauna auf. Mehr als die nicht gefährdet, 39 extrem selten und die Hälfte aller hier nachgewiesenen Schnecken- und Einstufung von 4 Arten gilt als fraglich (Anm.: Muschalarten fallen in eine der Hierbei ist auch der Begriff „Unterart“ inkludiert). Gefährdungskategorien, viele von ihnen haben Zur allgemeinen Verbreitung von Mollusken eine kritische Bestandsgröße erreicht, einige sind wäre zu bemerken, daß 21 in Kärnten lebende bereits ausgestorben. Arten von europa- bzw. weltweit herausragender Zusammenfassend muß- wie in allen Bedeutung sind (z. B. Endemiten). Viele dieser derartigen Listen- eindringlichst auf die Taxa tragen Namen, die entweder auf Kärnten oder Notwendigkeit eines entsprechenden auf einzelne Gebiete des Landes Bezug nehmen (z. Biotopschutzes hingewiesen werden. Gerade B. Graziana klagenfurtensis, Macrogastra badia Mollusken sind aufgrund ganz spezieller carinthiaca, Clausilia dubia otvinensis, Petasina Ansprüche, die sie an ihren Lebensraum stellen, leucozona ovirensis). besonders stark gefährdet, die Schaffung von Bei 33 Arten liegt eine Randverbreitung vor, Ersatzbiotopen ist für sie sinnlos! Sie können, es wird in Kärnten also die gegenwärtig bekannte durch ihre äußerst beschränkte Migrationsfähigkeit Arealgrenze erreicht, wobei schwerpunktmäßig bedingt, auch nicht auf andere Bereiche Faunenelemente überwiegen, deren ausweichen. Wird ein entsprechender Biotop Hauptverbreitung im Süden Europas liegt (z. B. zerstört, dann hat dies die Auslöschung sämtlicher Cochlostoma nanum, Odontocyclas kokeilii, hier lebender Populationen von Schnecken und Gittenbergia sororcula, Dilataria succineata, Muscheln zur Folge! Carpathica stussineri). Erst in den letzten Jahren konnten im Unterkärntner Raum mehrere östliche ARTENLISTE Die systematische Reihung und Nomenklatur der vorliegenden Artenliste erfolgte nach BANK, FALKNER, PROSCHWITZ & RIPKEN (Im Druck) und FALKNER (1990, 1991). Zu einzelnen Abweichungen ist im anschließenden Kommentar die entsprechende Literatur zitiert. Bei den Sphaeriidae sind die Gattungen systematisch nach GLÖER, MEIER- BROOK & OSTERMANN (1992), die Arten aber alphabetisch geordnet. Die deutschen Namen wurden aus der Publikation von REISCHÜTZ (1998) übernommen. UPDATES Ergänzung nicht und wird nur bei einer Die Checkliste wird in gewissen Abständen in Gesamtüberarbeitung in entsprechender Form Form eines Updates aktualisiert. Neu zur Fauna erfolgen. Die fortlaufende Nummerierung wird Kärntens hinzukommende Arten werden in der nicht geändert. Ergänzte Arten sind darin in der Spalte U mit „ * “ gekennzeichnet. Eine systematischen Reihung mit a, b, c etc. eingefügt. Einschätzung der Arten bezüglich ihres Gefährdungsstatuses erfolgt im Rahmen der Letztes Update: 24.1.2001 © Amt der Kärntner Landesregierung 645 Weichtiere Nr Wiss. Name Deutscher Name Vb Rv Hv Lebensraum RL Gastropoda ÜO. Caenogastropoda O. Architaenioglossa Cochlostomatidae Turmdeckelschnecken 1 Cochlostoma anomphale Ungenabelte r !! KW, Steiner c,m wa5(Felsen, 2 Boeckel, 1939 Walddeckelschnecke Alpen Geröll),tro 2 Cochlostoma gracile croati- Zierliche r KW c-s tro R cum (L.Pfeiffer, 1870) * Turmdeckelschnecke 3 Cochlostoma henricae Graue r GA, KA c-a wa5(Felsen), tr4 V (Strobel, 1851) Turmdeckelschnecke 4 Cochlostoma nanum Zwerg- r !! Steiner m tr4 1 (Westerlund, 1879) Walddeckelschnecke Alpen 5 Cochlostoma septemspirale Kleine - septemspirale Walddeckelschnecke (Razoumovsky, 1789) 6 Cochlostoma septemspirale Dicklippige - heydenianum (Clessin, 1879) Walddeckelschnecke 7 Cochlostoma tergestinum Triester r GA c,m tr4,tr5,tr6 R (Westerlund, 1878) * Turmdeckelschnecke 8 Cochlostoma waldemari Spitze r KW c,m wa5(Felsen, 3 (A.J.Wagner, 1897) Walddeckelschnecke Geröll),tr4, tr5,tr6 Aciculidae Mulmnadeln 9 Acicula lineolata banki Gekritzte Mulmnadel GA,KA c wal,wab,was 2 Boeters, Gittenberger & KW? (Förna, Humus, Subai, 1989 * Geröll) 10 Platyla gracilis (Clessin, Zierliche Mulmnadel V 1877) 11 Platyla polita (Hartmann, Glatte Mulmnadel GA, KA, c-s wal,wab, was 2 1840) KB (Förna, Humus Geröll) Ampullariidae Apfelschnecken 12 Ampullarius cf. paludosa Amerikanische x Warm bad c Therme - (Say, 1829) Apfelschnecke Villach Viviparidae Sumpfdeckelschnecken 13 Viviparus contectus (Millet, Spitze UK,KB c sg1,sg2, sg4 3 1813) Sumpfdeckelschnecke O. Neotaenioglossa Melanopsidae Schwarzdeckelschnecke n 14 Holandriana holandrii (C. Bauchige (!!) KB c fg4 0 Pfeiffer, 1828) * Schwarzdeckelschnecke Thiaridae Kronenschnecken 15 Melanoides tuberculatus Nadel- Kronenschnecke x Warmbad c Therme - (O.F.Müller, 1774) Villach Hydrobiidae Zwergdeckelschnecken 16 Graziana lacheineri Steirische UK,KB, LT c fg1 3 (Küster, 1853) * Zwergquellschnecke 17 Graziana klagenfurtensis Klagenfurter Zwerg- !! KB c fg1 1 Haase, 1994 * quellschnecke © Amt der Kärntner Landesregierung Weichtiere 646 Nr Wiss. Name Deutscher Name Vb Rv Hv Lebensraum RL 18 Graziana pupula Glänzende GA,KA, c fg1 3 (Westerlund, 1886) * Zwergquellschnecke KB,KW, LT 19 Bythinella sp. * ? OK,UK c,m fg1 ? 20 Potamopyrgus antipodarum Neuseeländische x - (Gray, 1843) * Zwergdeckelschnecke Bithyniidae Schnauzenschnecken 21 Bithynia tentaculata (Linne, Gemeine - 1758) Schnauzenschnecke ÜO. Heterobranchia O. Ectobranchia Valvatidae Federkiemenschnecken 22 Valvata cristata O.F.Müller, Flache OK, UK, c fg4,sg1,sg2, 3 1774 Federkiemenschnecke KB sg3,sg4 23 Valvata piscinalis piscinalis Gemeine OK, UK, c fg4,sg1,sg2, sg4 3 (O.F.Müller, 1774) Federkiemenschnecke KB 24 Valvata piscinalis antiqua See- OK,UK c sg1 2 Morris, 1838 Federkiemenschnecke 25 Valvata piscinalis alpestris Alpen- OK,UK c sg1 1 (Küster, 1852) Federkiemenschnecke O. Pulmonata UO. Basommatophora Acroloxidae Teichnapfschnecken 26 Acroloxus lacustris Teichnapfschnecke KB,LT c sg2 3 (Linnaeus, 1758) Lymnaeidae Schlammschnecken 27 Galba truncatula (O. F. Kleine Sumpfschnecke, - Müller, 1774) Leberegelschnecke 28 Stagnicola corvus (Gmelin, Raben- Sumpfschnecke OK,UK c sg1,sg2 3 1791) * 29 Stagnicola fuscus (C. Dunkle Sumpfschnecke KB c sg1,sg2 2 Pfeiffer, 1821) * 30 Stagnicola turricula (Held, Schlanke KB,LT c sg2,sg3 1 1836) * Sumpfschnecke 31 Pseudosuccinea columella Amerikanische x Warm bad c Therme - (Say, 1817) Schlammschnecke Villach 32 Radix ampla (Hartmann, Weitmündige KB,GA c sg1 2 1821) * Schlammschnecke 33 Radix auricularia (Linnaeus, Ohr- Schlammschnecke - 1758) 34 Radix ovata (Draparnaud, Eiförmige - 1805) Schlammschnecke 35 Radix peregra (O.F.Müller, Gemeine - 1774) Schlammschnecke 36 Lymnaea stagnalis Spitzhornschnecke OK,UK c-s sg1,sg2 3 (Linnaeus, 1758) Physidae Blasenschnecken 37 Aplexa hypnorum (Linnaeus, Moos- Blasenschnecke OK,UK c sg2,sg3 2 1758) 38 Physa fontinalis (Linnaeus, Quell- Blasenschnecke KB c sg4 2 1758) * © Amt der Kärntner Landesregierung 647 Weichtiere Nr Wiss. Name Deutscher Name Vb Rv Hv Lebensraum RL 39 Physella acuta (Draparnaud, Spitze Blasenschnecke x - 1805) 40 Physella heterostropha (Say, Gelippte Blasenschnecke x - 1817) * Planorbidae Tellerschnecken 41 Planorbarius corneus Posthornschnecke OK,UK c,m sg2 3 (Linnaeus, 1758) 42 Planorbella duryi Amerikanische x Warmbad c Therme - (Wetherby, 1879) Posthornschnecke Villach 43 Ferrissia clessiniana Flache Mützenschnecke KB c sg2 2 (Jickeli, 1882) 44 Planorbis planorbis Gemeine Tellerschnecke OK,UK c,m sg1,sg2,sg3 3 (Linnaeus, 1758) 45 Planorbis carinatus O. F. Gekielte Tellerschnecke OK,UK c sg1.sg2 3 Müller, 1774 46 Anisus leucostoma (Millet, Weißmündige OK,UK c sg2,sg3 3 1813) Tellerschnecke 47 Anisus spirorbis (Linnaeus, Gelippte Tellerschnecke UK c sg3 3 1758) 48 Anisus vorticulus (Troschel, Zierliche Tellerschnecke KB c sg1,sg2 1 1834) * 49 Bathyomphalus
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