1953 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 1497 M. La Follette, Jr., formerly a Senator from him to be as good .a legislator as any SENATE the State of Wisconsin. lawyer could be. I suggest the absence of a quorum. I served with him both on the Finance MoNDAY, MARCH 2, 1953 The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk Committee and on the Education and Labor Committee, and so I came to know Rt. Rev. Msgr. Louis C. Vaeth, pastor, will call the roll. The Chief Clerk called the roll, and the him intimately as a person and in con­ St. Bernardine's Church, Baltimore, Md., nection with many legislative problems. offered the following prayer: following Senators answered .to their names: He believed strongly in the principles of 0 Divine Legislator, from whoni all Aiken Goldwater McCart hy his father and adhered to those prin­ holy desir~s. right counsels, and just Anderson Gore McClellan ciples faithfully, with due regard, of Barrett Green Millikin works do proceed, bless these loyal Sen­ Bennett Griswold Monroney course, to changing conditions. He was ators of the United States with that per­ Bricker Hayden Morse brought up in a school which believed in fect peace which the world cannot give, Bridges Hendrickson Mundt greater Government intervention in Bush Hennings Murray neither can it take away-that positive Butler, Md. Hickenlooper Neely various matters, with respect to which peace perpetuated by a consecrated con­ Butler, Nebr. Hill P ayne he went somewhat further than I, but scientiousness of loyalty and devotion to Byrd Holland Potter his abiding interest was -always the wel­ Capehart Humphrey Purtell God, to our Nation, and to our people Carlson Hunt Robertson . fare of the people. He was never adem­ and their fellow Senators. Enlighten Case Ives Russell agog. He was always sincere, and the their minds and strengthen their wills Chavez Jackson Saltonstall soul of honor itself. He had an able Clements Jenner Schoeppel that they may direct their hearts to obey Cooper Johnson, Colo. Smathers mind and could present the most effec­ Thy commandments and thus, being Cordon Johnson, Tex. Smith, Maine tive arguments and reasons for his views; freed from the fear of both domestic and Daniel Johnston, S. C. Smit h , N. J. The spee<;hes he made had a marked ef­ foreign enemies, may satisfactorily serve Dirksen Kefauver Sparkman feet on many Senators, although he was Douglas Kennedy St ennis their God, their Nation, and their people Duff Kilgore Symington not of their party. in peace, in justice, and in truth. Bless Dworshak Knowland Taft When I came here he was one of that them with the courage of their honest Eastland Kuchel Thye group, which I joined, which was funda­ Ellender Langer Tobey and sincere convictions and convince Ferguson Long Watkins' mentally opposed to our entry into the them Of their unselfish courage.that they Frear Malone Welker Second World War until we ·were ac­ may realize in serving the Nation and Fulbright Man sfield Wiley tually attacked, and he and I attended George Maybank Young its people they are truly serving Thee, Gillette McCarran many meetings with Senators Johnson, the· omniscient lawgiver and loving of California, Borah, Vandenberg, and Father of all nations and all men. Re­ Mr. SALTONSTALL. I announce others who were concerned to maintain ward their self-sacrificing service with that the Senator from Maryland [Mr. American neutrality as long as that · that satisfying serenity of soul, promised BEALL], the Senator from Vermont [Mr. could be accomplished. He was with the by Thee to faithful servants-"Well done, FLANDERS], and the Senator from Dela­ rest of us in the battle against the Lend­ thou good and faithful servant, enter ware [Mr. WILLIAMS] are necessarily Lease Act, which was practically the into the joy of thy Lord"-and so poeti­ absent. turning point in the final decision to cally paraphrased by Father Abrams I also announce that the Senator from take part in the war. Ryan: _ Pennsylvania [Mr. MARTIN] is absent on I remember well our joint work on the official business: Hill-Burton Act in the Education and "Better than grandeur, better than gold, Mr. CLEMENTS. I announce that Labor Committee, and I knew that he the Senators from North Carolina [Mr. Than ranks and titles a thousand fold, was not an e~tremist on Federal welfare Is a healthy body and a mind at ease HoEY and Mr. SMITH] and the Senator measures, but was willing to protect the And simple pleasures that always please, from Oklahoma EMr. KERR] are absent rights of the States and to adjust Federal A heart that can feel for another's woes on official business. aid to the necessities of particular com­ With sympathy large enough to enfold The Senator from New York [Mr. munities and particular situations. He All men, as brothers, is better than LEHMAN] is absent because of illness. was a believer in sound finance, the bal­ gold.'' The Senator from Waslltington [Mr. ancing of the budget, and a stable cur..: May the peace, blessing, strength, and MAGNUSON] and the Senator from Rhode rency. He was intensely interested in Island [Mr. PASTORE] are absent by leave social security, and I worked with him wisdom of God abide with you always. of the Senate on official business. Amen. on many amendments to that law. The VICE PRESIDENT. A quorum is I remember working with him on a present. subcommittee on the taxation of cooper­ THE JOURNAL Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, I rise to ative and mutual fire liability insurance On request of Mr. TAFT, and by unani­ express my great distress because of the companies. He was an ardent believer mous consent, the reading of the Journal death of former Senator Robert M. La in ·the cooperative movement and felt of the proceedings of Friday, February Follette, Jr., and to say a few words in that I did not have sufficient sympathy 27, 1953, was dispensed with. · appreciation of his character and his with it, although I thought I was quite outstanding public and legislative friendly and agreed finally to a settle­ service. ment of the problem which left the mu­ LEAVE OF ABSENCE I first met Bob La Follette when I tual insurance companies in almost 'too On request of Mr. CLEMENTS, and by came to the Senate in 1939. He was favorable a situation. unanimous consent, Mr. MAGNUSON and then a veteran Senator, having been first Many have referred to the work which elected in 1925, 14 years before that time. he did in connection with the reorgani­ Mr. PASTORE were excused from sessions He practically ·lived his entire life as a of the Senate for the next few days, zation of the Senate. He knew more Senator. Because of a serious illness, he about the Senate than any other Sen­ while attending to official committee was not able to graduate from the Uni­ ator, and had very definite ideas on how business in New York City. versity of Wisconsin, although his out­ our work could be improved. I do not standing merit was recognized later by think he agreed with all the provisions the conferring upon him of an honorary MEMORIAL ADDRESSES ON THE of the La Follette-Monroney Act, but he degree by that university. Instead of certainly is entitled to credit for most LATE ROBERT M. LA FOLLETTE, returning to college, he became secre­ of them and for modernization of the JR., FORMER SENATOR FROM tary to his father in Washington and Senate organization. WISCONSIN · was thoroughly familiar with the prac­ In 1946-, Bob La Follette suffered the Mr. TAFT. · Mr. President, I call at­ tices and procedure of the Senate long kind of fate that is likely to meet any tention to the unanimous-consent order before he became a Senator. When his· of us who depend on elective office, in for today, which reads as follows: father died he was elected to succeed part at least because he felt and ex­ Ordered, That on Monday, March 2, 1953, him, and served continuously for 22 pressed such a strong sense of loyalty immediately following the approval of the years. Although he was not a lawyer, to his progressive associates in Wiscon­ Journal, it be in order for Senators to de­ he had a complete grasp of legal prin­ sin. He never let his defeat affect his live:J; addresses on the life, character, and ciples, and particularly of parliamentary good humor or his interest in public public service of the late Honorable Robert law, and his outstanding ability enabled matters. He became interested in othP-r ' 1498 CONGRESSIONAL RECOR!?- SENATE March 2 work, and stayed away from the Senate, He was always considerate of what we I served for a number of years with largely, I think, because he did not like call the underprivileged, but I never Bob La Follette, Jr., as a member of the the idea of any former Senator lobbyipg, knew of his trying to capitalize on his Committee on Finance and as a member or even being accused of lobbying. Dur­ sympathy for them in the political field. of the Committee on Foreign Relations. ing these 6 years I have missed very His last and perhaps his most im­ Bob La Follette became a member of the mueh the personal association with him. portant work was done on the Legisla­ Committee on Foreign Relations in 1929, Today I pay tribute to a man of out­ tive Reorganization Act of 1946. As as I recall. I had been a member of the standing character, a public servant de­ those of us who were here then will re­ committee for perhaps 1 year or more voted to his public employers, an out­ call, the bill came up late in the session. before he entered upon his service on standing statesman, and one of the It was finally enacted during July, just the committee. At that time, as now, greatest of Senators. before the primaries in Wisconsin which distinguished Members of this body Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Presi.:. would determine whether he would be served on the Senate Foreign Relations dent, as long as our people venerate in­ renominated for his office in the Senate. Committee. Generally speaking, Bob tegrity, statesmanship, and loyalty, the I had heard disturbing rumors from La Follette shared the views of such emi­ name of the late Senator Robert M. La Wisconsin, and in the early part of July nent Senators as William E. Borah, of Follette, Jr., will be cherished and hon­ I spoke to Bob and told him that he Idaho; Hiram Johnson, of Californi~; ored in these United States. ought to go home, for his own good, to and others, although after Pearl Harbor It was not my privilege to serve with assure his renomination. He expressed and after we entered the war, Bob La him in the Senate, and I make that himself as being apprehensive about it Follette gave his wholehearted and un­ statement with a deep sense of regret. and felt that probably he would not be stinted support to every effort to win But no one who lived and worked in renominated; but he said he could not that war. Washington during the years of his serv­ go home because he had to look after the I knew Bob La Follette perhaps best ice could fail to be aware of the con­ bill. He felt that it had gone to the as a member of the Senate Finance Com­ tribution he made to his Nation. point where he could not leave it and mittee, because I was acting chairman The fighting son of a fighting father, go home in behalf of his renomination. of that committee, and subsequently was Bob La Follette looked upon his position Undoubtedly if he had gone home he chairman of the committee, during ape­ in the Senate as one which carried many would have been renominated. Never­ riod when he served as a useful member. obligations and few privileges. He theless, he felt that his duty to the Bob La Follette always had his own looked upon public service as a chal­ p.eople of the Nation was more important views, in which he earnestly and sin­ lenge-a challenge to battle for the than his renomination. There were cerely believed, on all matters with underprivileged and for the Nation. those of us who disagreed with him on which that committee had to deal. After He was a man who was never afraid .that point, but nevertheless he did what he became a member of the committee, of being in a minority-no matter how ·his conscience told him to do. He was it considered not merely matters of unpopular. He was a man who fre­ defeated. · taxation, but also matters relating to · quently found himself in disagreement After his defeat he took up other lines social security, including the present So­ with his colleagues, but his integrity was of work. However, after he lost the cial Security System-which was amend­ never challenged. nomination so far as I know, he never ed in 1950, after he left this body-and He was also a man of achievement-a came back on the Hill, except once. practically all veterans' legislation relat­ man whose deeds still live in the form Perhaps it was because some of us did ing to World War I and. subsequently, of laws and acts that touch our lives not ask him to come back as we should that relating to World War ii. today. The legislative Reorganization have done. We get very careless about Bob La Follette had the keenest sym­ Act is but one of his man~ accomplish­ such things. I feel sometimes that we pathy for men who labor, for the work­ ments. could have done more than we did to ers of the country. He had a thorough Every chapter must come to an end have made his outside work happier for understanding of their problems. He - and Bob La Follette has gone to his eter­ him. had deep convictions regarding taxation. nal reward. Before the bar of history, A few nights before Bob La Follette's He believed profoundly in taxing ac­ there .can be only one verdict-public death I was talking with a South Amer­ cording to ability to pay. I do not re­ servant, statesman, great American. ican.diplomat, who told me of the respect member reporting a bill to the Seriate Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, I join and esteem in which Bob La Follette was or studying a bill in the Finance Com­ with other Senators in paying my re­ held in his country. Even after he left mitteee without having Bob La Follette spects and ~ribute to a good man and a the Senate, he continued this good work. manifest his willingness to make known former colleague. I worked very closely Many of us who knew him best will his views, and to make them known ·in with Bob La Follette from the time I miss him sadly, because we thought of the strongest possible terms. came to this body in January 1941. He him more often· than we saw him. I Bob La Follette was a man of strong was one of the ablest public servants I think that the most we can do for him character, Mr. President. He could .dif­ have ever known. He was one of the few now and the best way in which we can fer with his colleagues without ever men, so far as I know, who could change pay our homage to his memory and to questioning their honesty or integrity. a vote on the floor of the Senate by giv­ the work he did for his country is to try He was a man of. rare qualities with ing his opinion on pending legislation. to do our work here as well as he did his respect to his deep conviction that all He was particularly watchful of those work when he was one of us. . members of the Finance Committee and interests which might seek, through leg_. Mr. GEORGE. Mr. President, I rise all other Members of the Senate were islation, to obtain unwarranted advan­ to pay a brief tribute to Robert M. La entitled to hold their convictions; and tages for themselves at the expense of Follette, Jr. My tribute will be com­ rarely, if ever, did he question the hon­ the public or of their competitors. Al­ pletely unstudied and entirely sincere. esty of purpose of anyone who differed though he was ~;~.!ways watchful of what When Bob La Follette· first began to with him on any important matter. have come to be known as vested inter­ serve this body his father was here. I Time after time he presented his view. ests, I never knew him to be unfair to­ am perhaps the only Member of the Sen­ that taxes should be levied according ward them. He was always mindful of ate who served with Robert M. La Fol­ to ability to pay. When the committee the needs of the laboring man, or the lette, Sr" whom I recall very pleasantly, decided against him, as it generally did union man, if one wishes to use · that because shortly after I entered the Sen­ on that particular question, he ac­ term, but he was never their man, be­ ate, he came over to me and talked with quiesced in the decision of the commit­ cause he would not always do what they me. He knew some i>eople in my State, te, but reserved his right to come to this wanted him to do. He never hesitated and felt very close to some of my very . floor and present his views. Many times to give the representatives and spokes­ warm friends. he expressed his ideas here on taxation men of labor warnings when he thought · Young Bob La Follette was virtually matters. He did so with · great clarity, they were trying to do something that raised in the Senate and around the much force and vigor, and the utmost they should not be doing, or tried to ob­ Capitol. He knew the procedures of the sincerity, but always with respect for tain what was not properly theirs. Per­ Se.nate perhaps better than anyone else, other members of his own committee, · haps he thus alienated the support of because he gave special attention to the and for other Members of the-Senate who certain union labor interests in his work of .the Senate, even before he suc­ differed with him. State, which contributed to his defeat ceeded his father as a Member of this With respect to the administrative and

the last time he ran for public office. body. # technical side of the tax acts which the 195d' CONGRESSIONAL RECORD.:....:.. SENATE 1499 committee had to formulate with great into World War II, as his distinguished was but a boy he had observed. severe rapidity, and with respect to general father before him had opposed our entry criticism aimed · at his distinguished provisions of taxation in which he h~ into World War I. He opposed every father; but he did not carry bitterness no particular interest, he made his con· · step which he considered to be leading to as a result of it, he did not harbor any tribution, nevertheless, and stood loy.. World War II, which finally engulfed us, unworthy thought~. From the first to ally by the committee in the presenta .. of course, following the attack on Pearl the last, he was so straightforward in his tion of so much of the tax or revenue Harbor. own thinking, in his own integrity, in measures as he could conscientiously en· . It fell to my lot to confer with Secre­ his own high purpose as a citizen and as a dorse. tary Stimson and others who were most public servant, that he could not ques­ Bob La Follette was a realist in the interested in what we know as lend­ tion the position of any man if he be­ true sense, and approached all subjects lease legislation. In its formative stage,· lieved that the man held his position as a realist. Likewise he was a liberal in Bob La Follette often conferred with honestly and sincerely. · the true s~nse. me regarding that particular piece of To his wife, who was truly his help­ ·When we were entering the great de­ legislation. He did ..not approve it. . He meet, and to his two fine boys, I am sure pression, indeed, when we had entered regarded it as a certain step toward war. the Senate wishes to express its deepest it, although many men in public life did Mr. President, it _was as the result of a sympathy. To the great State of Wis­ not comprehend the severity of that ter­ suggestion made in conference at the consin, likewise, I am sure the Senate rific economic storm, which was sweep­ State Department with .the then Secre­ wishes to express sympathy in connec­ ing not only our own country but also a tary of State, with the Secretary of War, tion with the passing of one of her dis­ large part of the civilized world, Bob La Mr. Stimson, and others, that the lend­ tinguished sons who contributed so Follette came upon this floor and urged lease bill was introduced in both Houses greatly to the history of that great state the appropriation of a staggeringly large of the Congress by the leaders of the in this body. · sum of money, for that day and time. I major party. But it fell to my lot orr Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Presi­ remember how he presented that pro­ this floor to carry the burden of the dent, when I first entered the Senate I posal. I think I was the only conserva­ fight for lend-lease. Bob La Follette, had the privilege of serving with the late tive in this body who voted with Bob La while strongly and definitely disagree­ Senator La Follette on the Committee on Follette for an appropriation which ing with the legislation, nevertheless ac­ Labor and Education, as it was then would have been adequate, had it been corded to me as he always did, complete called, and, shortly afterward, on the resolutely used and applied in the early honesty of . purpose in presenting that Committee on Foreign Relations. I can days of that depression, to have stemmed legislation to this l>ody. therefore join with my colleagues who the terrific economic tide which carried It had seemed to me, Mr. President, for have expressed themselves regarding down so many fortunes in this, our land. some months that we were becoming in­ their association with him in the per· We were defeated, but Bob La Follette volved in the war then going. on in Eu­ formance of senatorial duties. Out of never forgot my vote on that political rope, and would ultimately become an my own experience I ~esire -to add a measure. active participant in it. But it seeemed further word of tribute. After he was defeated as a Member of to me also that through lend-lease we Young Bob La Follette commanded this body, he came to my office during might possibly avoid the necessity of the genuine admiration and respect eve~ the first 2 or 3 weeks of every session . entering it. We all know, of course, what of those who opposed his views. He was of Congress and talked to me at length. happened. Hindsight, of course,. is al­ always a courageous, honest, and skill­ I not only respected· him, but I learned ways better than foresight, particularly ful fighter for the principles in which to love him because of his high sense of in a period of great crisis; but not once he believed. He, like his father before honor and because of his indefatigable did Bob La Follete question the integrity, him, was a t.ruly devoted public servant. industry and his great ability as a Mem·­ the motive, the purpose, and the high Bob La Follette, Jr., will chiefly be ber of this body. honor of anyone who sponsored lend­ remembered for his work as chairman of He not only labored, of course, to bring lease or any other piece of legislation the Senate Civil Liberties Committee. about the Reorganization Act, but he un­ which did not have his approval. By exposing substandard working and derstood something of the philosophy I recall that, shortly after we entered living conditions this committee laid the which lay back of his labors in trying to the war, a very serious question arose re-· groundwork for the social reforms which reform the procedure in the Senate. garding oil. The tate Senator Vanden­ followed during the next 20 years and Time after time he came to me and berg, then a distinguished Senator from which have now become accepted parts talked to me about the articles which Michigan, Senator Bob La Follette, J·r., of our political and economic fabric. were appearing during the Second World and two or three other Members of the Senator La Follette's skill as a legis.;. War and afterward, from the pens of so Foreign Relations Committee were mem­ lator and student of political science many writers-articles which were, in bers of a subcommittee to study a very was illustrated by his accomplishments fact bold attacks upon the Senate. Bob important agreement or treaty with re­ iri the field of legislative reorganization. La Follette understood very early what spect to oil. Many matters were brought The La Follette-Monroney Reorganiza~ they meant. He knew that those at­ to us in confidence, and, when certain tion Act and the great improvements • tacks were inspired by a desire to cripple information reached us which, at that which it brought about in our legisla­ representative government in these time, we were not free to divulge to the tive procedures testify to his energy, United States, and, indeed, in the free general public, Bob La Follette, who persistence, and devotion to the cause of world. With deep conviction on the heard the facts, said that, regardless of efficient and responsible government. subject, he anxiously sought an opportu­ the facts and regardless of every ather Young Bob was a radical in a num­ nity to revise the rules and the proce­ consideration, he was willing to go all out ber of respects. With many of his views dure of the Senate. The Reorganization to procure and to safeguard the oil which and ideas some of us could not agree. Act was but a feeble expression of what might become so vital to us in that great But he was a man of such great in­ he wished to do. But being a realist, he conflict. tegrity and principle that h.e inevitably knew that he had to take one step at a So, Mr. President, I was deeply grieved commanded the respect of all those who time; he had to make progress slowly, at the passing of Bob La Follette. I sup­ worked with him. His individual per­ On the Finance Committee and on the pose that each of us, at some time in life, sonality, as well as the large part which Foreign Relations Committee one could passes through our Gethsemane. he played in the development of Ameri­ always count upon the position taken,.by Bob La Follette was a man of tireless can political institutions and public Bob La Follette in committee to be his industry, of . unsullied integrity, and of policy, will be long and well remembered. position steadfastly to the end. He was fine purpose in life as a public servant. Mr. President, in the shock of his sad not given to compromise, but he knew He loved the Senate. He resented every passing, I am overcome by the thought that many pieces of legislation had to be attack upon it as an attack, not · only that one who worked among us here the result of compromise. Consequently, upon this body but upon representative should have been the victim of a sad and he was willing to agree with his fellow government, upon free government. He uncontrollable depression. In the crowd­ members on tl).ose two important com- acted always in accordance with his deep ed hours through which we are all liv­ mittees. - conviction that he was striving to better ing do we become unaware of the suffer­ Having served with him on the Foreign the condition of the common man, to ings of our close friends? He was able to Relations Committee, I know with what better the condition of his fellow citizens. sense. the sufferings of his fellow human deep conviction he opposed our entry He knew what criticism was. When he .beings and he gave of himself, during 1500 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE March 2 his life· with us in the Senate, to aile-· His was a mind not fenced in with levied on the basis of ability to pay. He viate those sufferings. When his hour dogma and preconceived notions of how wanted Government to be based on the of suffering came, were we too busy? to attain a worthy objective. If red-tape Piinciple of justice, equality, and human Did we pass by on the other side? I and outworn procedures stood in the way · welfare, and he fought for it along that cannot raise the question without a pang of progress, Senator La Follette was the line without compromise and without in my heart. first to find a way around such obstacles. surrender. That should give us a true But I can say to his family and those And find a way he did, although he some­ insight into the views of this thoughtful whom he loved that he gave to us all a times had to endure criticism and con­ and forceful statesman on all political great something for which we are eter­ demnation from those who wanted to questions. nally indebted. stand still. In both word and deed he Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, Senator Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, at its was a progressive in the true sense of Robert M. La Follette; Jr., whose un­ meeting on February 25, the Foreign Re­ that term. timely passing we mourn today, was lations Committee authorized me, as A tireless and indefatigable worker, known as young Bob. chairman, to send to the widow and fam­ he was also selfless• in his labor in the He will always be young Bob, for his ily of the former Senator from Wiscon­ Senate. One might say of him that in spirit and mind were characterized by sin, Robert M. La Follette, Jr., a letter the interests of increased efficiency in youthful ·courage, flexibility, and the of condolence. I should like to read that the legislative arm of his G.overnment, quest for truth and facts. It has always letter ::1ow, and ·to incorporate it in the he sacrificed his personal interests for been the young who seek new paths, new record of ~oday's proceedings: the over-riding good; he neglected po­ ways for meeting old problems; whore­ FEBRUARY 26, 1953. litical considerations for what seemed to ject the tyranny of labels. Mrs. RoBERT M. LA FoLLETrE, Jr., him far worthier goals. Young Bob successfully carried on the Washingon, D. C. Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Mr. magnfficent work of his father, the old DEAR MRs. LA FoLLETTE: At a meeting on President, there is nothing I can add to but ever new fight of independence in yesterday, February 25, the Senate Foreign the eloquent statement made by the dis­ Relations Committee, on which Senator La thought and politics. Follette served so long and so ably, author­ tinguished Senator from Georgia [Mr. Both old Bob and young Bob knew no ized and directed me, as chairman, to convey CXEORGE] in his tribute to young Bob La allegiance but their loyalty to their coun­ to you the committee's deep sense of grief Follette, as he was affectionately called. try and to the principles of democracy. at the tragic death of your distinguished The proudest and· greatest privilege I They waged courageous battles for free­ husband, and to extend to you its heartfelt have had in life was to serve in the dom as a matter of conscience. They re­ sympathy in your hour of bereavement. Senate with such statesmen as George Those of us who were privileged to serve jected the mere formalism of allegiance Norris, Hiram Johnson, William Borah, tp a political party and embraced the with Senator La Follette in the Senate and Burton K. Wheeler, and young Bob La particularly in the closer co~panionship of more meaningful allegiance to ideas and the Foreig:p. Relations Committee knew and Follette. All those men were true lib­ programs. loved him as a friend and a comrade whose erals in the best sense of that much · As a Senator, young Bob· was a Pro­ courage, honesty, and integrity were an in­ abused word-they were progressives. gressive-before that name was sullied spiration to us all. He was a man of high Bob La Follette was by no manner of ideals, strong character, and extraordinary means the least of those men; in my book by lesser men. He was an independent, devotion to the principles of this Republic. he did not take second place to any man . . and his work is a monument to freemen. We were inexpressibly shocked and grieved, His heartbeat in understanding and The work of the La Follette commit­ and we feel a deep sense of personal loss. sympathy for the oppressed; for the tee of the 1930's was one of the great con­ Gincerely, tributions of modern times to the ALEXANDER Wn.EY. farmer; ·for the "little man"; for the man who could not be here to speak for advancement of freedom. With courage Mr. President.. I spoke briefly on the himself. He was not radical in any sense and without favor, young Bob uncov­ fioor of the Senate on February 25 in of that ugly word; he was liberal and ered violence and repression and the memory of Bob La Follette, and sub­ progressive in his thoughts about people more. subtle interference with the free­ mitted Senate Resolution 85, which was and political theories. He was sound in dom of action and mind which marks unanimously agreed to by the Senate as his desire for good government. He free citizens. He did not seek sensa~ a whole. Mere words, however, are not wanted this Government to be the very tiona! headlines. He sought facts, and sufficient to express our sense of sorrow best and he wanted it to be sound to the he sought realistic solutions which were at the passing of this great and good nth degree. As the distinguished Sen­ consistent with democratic principles. American though I do not think I have ator from Georgia has pointed out, he His final work as a Senator was the ever heard a finer encomium paid any­ had a great love and a sincere respect Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946. one than that which was paid this morn­ for this body in which we are privileged That great reform, which compelled ad­ ing by the distinguished Senator fi'om to serve. miration and respect from both sides of . · CXeorgia to my former associate Robert Approximately 3 weeks ago Bo'b La the aisle, was accomplished in large La Follette. Follette called at my office and we had measure by the leadership of young Bob. • The vitality of Bob La Follette's ideas, another of those delightful visits which Disagreements and doubts were resolved his philosophy of living, indeed the I shall always remember. He visited me by his intervention because of his earned strength of his personality make it im­ once or twice every year. We discussed reputation for integrity and devotion to possible to think of him as less than alive many things. He was as interested as he the public good. and serving a cause in which he believed ever was in what was taking place in the I hope I will be excused for making a and in which he was deeply interested. Congress, in the Unite~ States, and in personal comment. Young Bob was born It is immeasurably comforting now to the world and he was wide awake and in Madison, Wis., near my birthplace. know that he has but exchanged the alert as to what was happening. Al­ Each year at the Dane County Fair I en­ shadow for the -Substance of existence, though he has been in business-big busi­ joyed ·a very· happy association with the and that while he walked with other ness-for 6 years, none of his political · La Follette boys. They raised· Shetland men, he gave the best of himself for the views had undergone any revision. ponies, as did I. On most occasions they improvement of others. He had a great Mr. President, I s4all remember so long were successful in defeating me in the heart for humanity, a warmth and com­ as ! ·live the last visit I had with Bob l:ia show ring. But I had one pony whi.ch passion for others that will not be for­ Follette. they could not defeat. I shall never for­ gotten. I wish to associate myself with every­ get the fine lessons of sportsmanship One of his unique talents was an abil­ thing the Senator from Georgia had to young Bob taught me when I was a boy; ity to translate that feeling for others say ~his morning with reference to Bob because each year when that pony would into positive terms. The thousands of La Follette. I completely concur in his win the blue ribborr. it woulQ. be young little men who profited from his contri­ detailed and eloquent statement. I Bob who would be first to enter the bution to a better way of life, to an ele­ served on the Finance Committee with ring to shake my hand, congratulate me, vated place in the sun, to an enhanced Senators GEORGE and La Follette' and and say, "I still would like to· own that self-respect, cannot, indeed should never, heard the arguments made there, and I pony." overlook Bob La Follette's rich under­ know how sound Bob La Follette was on I have felt a special kinship of spirit standing of their needs, and, to the best all tax questions. , to the crusading independence of both c: his ability, the supplying of .those . As the Senator from Georgia put it, needs., the La Follettes, because of the great in­ Bob La Follette insisted that taxes be spiration. which their leadership has 1953·. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 1501 been to me from the time I was a small The finest experience of my service Bob went to the Senate, and the son reached boy. in the Congress came through my asso­ the age to do the work, Young Bob served as Young Bob La Follette made a record ciation with Bob La Follette. I was his father's secretary, and upon his father's death, young Bob succeeded to his seat, and of independent judgment and action privileged to serve with him in the efforts was reelected 3 times-serving, in all, 22 which we cannot duplicate. But we can to reorganize the Congress, and I well years in the Senate. seek to follow and emulate the princi­ know the scope and breadth of his un­ He grew in stature, usefulness, and influ­ ples which guided the two Senators--:­ derstanding of our legislative machinery. ence. Bob never took the Senate floor with­ which have staked out for them an im­ It was largely his vast knowledge of out first mastering the subject on which he mortal place in American history­ parliamentary government, its artificial chose to speak-and when he spoke, other which have contributed to a more vital roadblocks, and its deficiencies that led Senators listened. He was a progressive of the school founded by his father, among men and more free America. to the acceptance of the report of the of the caliber of Burton Wheeler, George Nor­ Young Bob was a lover of the poems Committee on Legislative Reorganiza­ ris, and Bill Borah; men of a time and a of Robert Burns. In my judgment, tion of which he was the chairman. philosophy not to be associated with the Burns wrote a great monument to young Hardly was the ink dry on the report muddle-headedness which has been passed Bob when he penned these immortal when Bob La Follette was busy translat­ off as progressivism and liberalism in recent lines: ing the report into legislation. With years. EPITAPH ON A FRIEND enthusiasm and energy, he completed Bob La Follette scorned pretense and hy­ (By Robert Burns) the complicated drafting of the bill and pocrisy and demagogery. He supported all the early reforms of the Roosevelt adminis­ An honest man here lies at rest, then moved swiftly to secure its pas­ tration, but he parted company with the New As e'er God with His image blest, sage. I am firmly convinced that it was Deal on its fiscal irresponsibility. He be­ The friend of man, the friend of truth, the personal leadership and recognized lieved in pay-as-you-go government. The friend of age, and guide ·of youth. ability of Bob La Follette that secured He opposed hidden taxation, and thought Few hearts like ·his, with virtue warm'd, consideration of the bill by the Sen~ all taxes should be visible, painful, and Few heads with knowledge so inform'd. ate and the House and opened the way broadly based, so that the people would be for its enactment into law. Day after encouraged to police their Government's To Bob La Follette's wife, Rachael, and day, with patience and good humor, he spending. At one time when the Roosevelt his two boys, Mrs. Morse and I extend administration shifted its tax . policy for explained the complicated bill a·nd won punitive and political purposes, Senator La our deep sympathy, and pray for them for it the pupport that brought about its God's comfort and blessings. Follette stood up and said something which final passage. those who heard him will not forget. Mr. MONRONEY. Mr. President, few As in most of his qther efforts, he com­ "American business," he said, "can ad­ Senators throughout· our history had pletely ignored his own personal political just itself to progressive legislation. But such a ·wide and lasting impact upon fortunes and stayed on the job to see the American business can never adjust to con­ America as did Robert M. La Follette, Jr. legislation through to final enactment, stant uncertainty." Looking back upon the history of the A list of his accomplishments would fill despite the fact that he was facing the many pages of this newspaper. We mention years in which he served in this body, most difficult political race of his career. from 1925 to 1946, the imprint of "Young only a few: Had he been able to return to his State His 1931:1 investigation of the "littl.! steel" Bob" on. the idealism of our democ­ for the primary campaign, instead of strike, which threw so much light on the racy is found on the milestones of our remaining in Washington, his loss of the labor-management troubles of that time. progress. . nomination by 5,000 votes undoubtedly His coauthorship of the Congressional Re­ Using different methods, but still aim­ would not ·have occurred. organization Act, which won him the 1946 Collier's award as the outstanding Senator. ing at fundamental improvemen~ in de­ Bec~use of his character, his leader­ mocracy which his distinguished father His early understanding of and warnings ship, his determination always to fight against the Communist menace. His alert­ had waged a single-handed fight to hard, but fairly, for the things he be­ ness to the dangers inherent in President achieve, Bob La Follette lived to see lieved in, he added stature to the United Roosevelt's secret dealings with Stalin. His many of these reforms become· a per­ States Senate. He scorned hypocrisy, quick recognition that the United Nations manent part of American life. demagoguery, and pFetense. He had the .would founder on the San Francisco Charter His success in following through on courage of his convictions to fight alone, provision of the veto power. the paths charted by his father was due if necessary, for the things he believed We extend condolences to his family, and primarily to his devotion to his work we regret to say that since Bob La Follette's were good for the country he loved. He defeat in 1946, we have not known his like and to his great appreciation of his re­ had the good humor, the friendship, and in the United States Senate. sponsibility as a Member of the Senate. the love of his fellow man that helped to He always knew and understood every carry through to enactment his ideas and [From the Washington Post of February 26, fact of the problem with which he was ideals of good government. dealing. He had an unbounded energy 1953) It is small wonder that the record RoBERT M. LA FoLLETTE, Ja. to carry through, regardless of the odds. made by Robert La Follette, Jr., properly His great skill as a parliamentarian, and won for him national and international Robert M. La Follette, Jr., was the model the respect all. Senators, regardless of of a high-minded and responsible' Senator. recognition. and he left a lasting imprint on Congress in political views, entertained for his sin­ Mr. President, so many of the great the Reorganization Act of 1946. He always cerity and for his knowledge of any sub­ newspapers of our country have written regarded the modernization of the archaic ject with which he was concerned, gave of his contributions to our Government procedures of Congress, embodied in the La him leadership that few other Senators that I ask unanimous consent to have Follette.-Monroney Act, as his outstanding have enjoyed. some of them included at this point in achievement, and doubtless it will be so re­ His efforts to guarantee to labor funda­ corded. But his 21 years of legislative serv­ the RECORD as a part of my remarks. ice from 1925 to 1946 were filled with achieve­ mental freedom to organize, his zeal for There being no objection, the edito­ ment. He fought hard for the progressive investigation into cases of oppression rials were ordered. to be printed in the ideais charter by his father in such varied and violation of civil rights, and his de .. REcoRD, as follows: fields as minimum-wage legislation and the sire to relieve the disaster of unemploy­ [From the Washington News of February 25, protection of civil liberties. He was a skilled ment made him a leader in this field of 1953] parliamentarian and a clean fighter, and his gifts of persuasion won many to what had legislation. BOB LA FOLLETTE But his interest did not stop there. He been a Ininority view. Even in his prewar News of the suicide of former Senator isolationism he had the respect of his op­ spoke out strongly for a strong and a Robert M. La Follette comes as a shock to his ponents for the sincei-ity of his conviction. sound fiscal policy, and was one of the thousands of friends and to the multitude of Bob La Follette was in a sense the victim leaders in establishing a fair base for Americans who followed his public· career. of his own idealism. During the 1946 cam­ Federal revenue, one that put in plain Despondency over ill health is the only paign he was .too busy with the Reorganiza­ focus the part of the load that every tax­ explanation offered, and indeed the only one tion Act to go back to Wisconsin and cam­ payer was expected to carry. that could make sense, for Bob La Follette paign. He had taken root in Washington, His recognition of the aim of Stalin was a man of tough and logical mind and and he relied on the Progressive tradition of stout heart; with a body that long seemed in Wisconsin to see him through. He was for world imperialism came early, and to lack the stamina for the hard endeavor to less fortunate in this respect than Senator his exposure of it, and his constant ef­ which he applied himself. Vandenberg in Michigan. The Progressive forts to safeguard American foreign Bob practically was born to public life. He Party had decayed, and Senator La Follette policy against Communist duplicity, was only five wh_en. his father, old Bob, was lost the Republican nomination by a mere proved his foresight against this danger. elected Governor of :Wisconsin. After old 5,000 :votes. Ironically it wa.s the groups 1502 CONGRESSIONAL 'RECORD- SENATE March 2. he had befriended most-the 'liberals and· shaped and -put through the La -Follette re­ Follette's ability and as ·a moael for future particularly the labor unions--that ganged organization bill in the 79th Congress. congressional reformers. up to defeat him, and put in JosEPH Mc- Few men ever came to the Senate with. The Journal often disagreed with Senator CARTHY. . greater responsibility. It was his task to fill. La Follette on issues of the day-particularly Mr. La Follette took his defeat stoically · the seat of a man whose ability, courage, and his chronic isolationism (like his father's) and without rancor. He threw himself into 1_ncorruptibility had won the admiration of and what appeared to be opportunistic ex­ the battle for the Marshall plan; he became a nation and a large par<; of the world. With ploiting of labor issues in the quest · for a member of the Citizens Committee for the simplicity and deep dedication young Bob votes. Hoover Report; and he went into business went to work at the job of meeting that But this newspaper never doubted his in­ as consultant to several large firms having responsibility. dustry, ability, and personal honesty-and interests in Latin America. His death by He suffered the same abuse and vilification his essential desire to be of public service. his own hand, no doubt occasioned by his his father suffered. He was redbaited from persistent ill health, is deplorable. one end of the country to the other. When he acquired a small piece of real estate to [From the St. Louis Post-Dispatch of Febru­ develop for a home for his family his enemies, ary 25, 1953) [From the Madison Capital Times of by the use of fraudulent pictures, told the YOUNG BOB February 25, 1953] people of Wisconsin that he had purchased· RoBERT M. LA FoLLETTE, JR. a large Virginia estate. He paid the price The tragicr death of Robert M. La Follette, The tragic gunshot that ended the dra­ of devoted service to the people. Jr.,. will shock every American who has come matic life of young Bob La Follette Tuesday And, at last, when he was cut down and to regard the family name he ·bore as the took from Wisconsin and the Nation a his 20 years of service were ended, it is per­ symbol of a tradit-ion which America cannot man whose greatness is denied by none. haps his greatest tribute that it took a com­ do without. But it left, in bold relief, the monumental bination of the extremists on the right and Young Bob not only bore the name. As a achievements of the 58 years of his life's on the left to do the job. It was the alliance United States Senator from Wisconsin for 21 span. of the right-wing Republicans and the Com­ ye~rs, he ably carried on the· tradition. He A great son of a great father, few men munists, then in control of the Wisconsin may not have had as wide a range as his in America have packed into so short a -time CIO, which brought his public career to an father, but by and large he stood for the such outstanding achievement, so exciting end. same fearless independence, the same .pas­ a career, or so much devoted service to his It was characteristic of Bob La Follette sionate regard for the rights of ordinary men, fellow man. that he ,could take this ironical twiSt of the the same concern for economic justice widely Bob La Follette, it has been said, was ·born political fates with the same good grace that distributed. Among the notable achieve-. to serve. As a boy he stood by the side marked his acceptance of the treatment ments of his career was the committee which of his great father, striving in the monu­ given his father. He was able to do so be­ investigated strikebreaking and oppressive mental work that made the La Follette name cause .he was born and reared in the tradi­ labor practices in the .thirties. and the name of Wisconsin familiar to the tion of serving the people. He had learned It was always the essence of political irony world. As a young man, he was with his well from his father that, in the cause which _that when young Bob at length sought to father through the storm-tossed years of he served, the rewards are few and bitter. find a home within the Republican Party; the fight to translate Wisconsin's achieve­ But like his father he never lost faith ·he was rejected in the Wisconsin primart ments to the national scene. He knew through the long years of service in the ulti­ and his distinguished senatorial career was what it meant early in life to feel the sting mate success of the cause. He saw the many ended. Subsequent history has doubled the of calumny that.so often falls on· the head things for which his father fought become irony of that 1946 primary which La Follette of a public servant devoted only to the part of the lives of the people of his State. lost by 5,000 votes, for the man who beat him welfare of the people. He stood by his And after the death of his father he saw was JosEPH P. McC_ARTHY, who now swagger~ father's side on the floor of the Senate of them take shape and become a part of the about the United States Senate as the living the United States and watched him escape lives of the people of the Nation. And his antithesis to the La Follette tradition. assassination only by the intervention of great reward was to have had a part in shap .. On whatever evil days that tradition may other Senators with the assailant. As a ipg them in the United States Senate. fall, American politics cannot do without it. sensitive young man, he lived through the His father, like the great mass of the people And if there are no La Follettes to carry it era when· his father was hung in effigy be­ of Wisconsin who today lead a better life on, there will be others of other names and cause of his stouthearted battle ·for what because he lived, would have been proud of from other States. For what old Bob and hi~ . he considered to be the best interests of youp.g Bob stood for is the very essence of the people of his country. • American democracy. · Another man, made of weaker stuff, would · [From the Milwaukee Journal of February 25, have emerged from these experiences cynical 1953) Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, and embittered._ But young Bob came other Senators have expressed more ably . RoBERT M. LA FOLLETTE, JR. through these experiences to take his own than I can the views of Bob La Follette on place in the public life of the Nation and In the 105 years of its statehood, Wiscon­ ·public matters; but I would not want this carry on the tradition. of public service which sin has been represented by 21 men in the occasion to pass without paying my very his father had established. . United States Senate, and Robert M. La Fol­ brief and small tribute to him as a man. At the early age of 30 he took his place lette, Jr., served the longest of any of them. in the United States Senate to_ begin a His senatorial career covered 22 years. That He was one of the first who came and career that was to extend over a period of record is approached only by his father, with shook my hand and offered to help me 2 decades of noble achievement in the '19, and Timothy Otis Howe, who served 18 ·when I became a Member of this body. service of the people his father served so years between 1861 and 1879~ I shall never forget his kindness at that devotedly. It has been said, even by some Young Bob entered the Senate in 1925 time. His friendship and helpfulness of those who fought him hardest, that in on his father's name. He was the young­ always remained available to me, and I those two decades he left a record that ac• _est Member of that body since Henry Clay. ··took advantage of it. cords him the right to be considered among He was scorned by the then controlling ultra.:. the greatest of the statesmen who have sat conservative leadership for his youth and for I believe that the qualities of his which in the Senate. · his allegiance to the midwestern liberal group appealed to me most were his friendli­ To enumerate his achievements there is -that was' soon to be labeled "the sons of the ness, his fairness, his objective look at to recite a litany of the obvious. Respected, wild jackass." But when he departed in ·questions of public policy, and his feared, and admired, he was the watchdog ·1946, he held the highest respect of most jealousy for the prestige of the body in of the people's interests. ~any of the great Members of the Senate whatever their po­ ·which we sit. One could always ap- achievements of the New Deal era, which litical leanings. ·proach Bob La Follette and expect a bore the name of other Senators, were the He earned this respect chiefly by his in~ fruit of his long struggle alongside other dustry and his skill as a legislative techni­ friendly reception and a fair appraisal independents such as Norris, of Nebraska; cian. He was not the dramatic figure that of the question which one might ask. Cutting, of New Mexico, and Borah of Idaho. his father had been, nor the brilliant orator As the Senator from Vermont [Mr. The Tennessee Valley Authority, the Ci­ ·nor the stubborn fighter: He carried hi~ AIKENJ so well said, he was always vilian Conservation Corps, the Wagner Act, points by his ha~d work in committee and listened to when he debated on the ftoo'r unemployment relief, bank insurance farm .by his mastery of subjects under discussion of the Senate. When lie felt strongly he r~lief, and tbe other monuments of p;ogres.­ on the floor. He was the sort of Senator most expressed himself forcefully and well on SlVe government were but a few of .the appreciated by other Senators. -his side of the subject. Whether one projects he helped to start and saw through His last, and probably his greatest, con­ to a successful conclusion. tribution to the Congress and to the Nation ·agreed with him or not, he commanded Under his hand the La Follette Liberties was the Reorganization Act. In this he respect. Committee in the thirties exposed the con­ made a start on the streamlining of the legis­ I had many talks with him concerning spiracy of force and corruption aimed at lative machinery. He had to overcome tra­ the rules of the Senate and what could denying American workers their right to dition and custom. Congress has bac~­ be done to improve them. He was very organize and bargain collectively. His pa­ . tracked on the Reorganization Act since 1946, · jealous of the prestige of the Senate. tient work and long years of experience ·_but it still stands as a monument to L'a ·He was one of the best presiding officers 1953 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 1503 the Senate ever had. He insisted on became a synonym for honesty and in­ parliamentarian. He was one of the order. He insisted on the rules of ,Lie bate tegrity. noblest of all Americans. being observed. No matter who might It was a stormy period. In 1904, as I IIi a sense this is the best of the be violating them, he never hesitated to recall, Bob La Follette, Sr., was elected as .American tradition. In a sense the express himself, and to endeavor to bring a United States Senator. When he rose La Follettes remind me of one of the the Senate back within its rules. on the floor of the senate to make his great symphonies of Beethoven. They One of the pleasantest afternoons of first speech, on the control which he begin with a stormy first and second my life was an occasion when Bob La ·thought big business interests exercised movement, and then, despite the tragic Follette visited the school in Massachu­ over the Nation, he was met with one end, move into the quieter movements. setts which his son was attending. He of the most bitter slights any man could Struggle merges into reconciliation and asked me to come to the school and take experience. Virtually the entire mem­ a measure of serenity. part in a debate in which he was acting · bership of the Senate rose and walked A noble contribution has been made as moderator, and in which his son was out into the cloakrooms, leaving him to American life by the lives of these the leader on one side. We passed a very speaking alone. His reply was, "There two great men, father and son. I am pleasant afternoon in friendly associa­ ·will come a time when you will stay and sure that not only do we send our love tion with the young friends of his son. listen." and greetings to Bob's wife, his children, I shall always remember that occasion. Bob La Follette, Sr.," was a stormy char­ and his family, but we also feel grateful Afterward we carried on a correspond­ acter. He lived in stormy times. He and humble for his life, determined to ence on the subject of the debate. Bob fought for unpopular ideas. People were be in some measure better men because La Follette and I did not fully agree on either for or -against him. There were . we knew Bob La Follette. certain points. no neutral opinions. He carried on his Mr. TOBEY. Mr. President, I wish to We certainly shall miss him as a man. fight to defend the humble people of his endorse every word that . has been The Senate has missed him as a Mem­ country, whether they were workers, uttered today by my colleagues in tribute ber of this body. 1 never felt that I farmers, or consumers, against the great to Bob La Follette. If ever a man was knew him well enough to be called a real­ economic and political powers of the motivated by principles it was Bob La ly intimate friend .. However, I shall aL­ Nation. He took an extremely unpopu­ Follette. One of the principles by which ways miss him, because of the respect in lar view at the outbreak of the First he lived all his life was the principle which he was held, and because of the World War, a view which, from the .first enunciated by Grover Cleveland: A opportunity which we always felt we had standpoint of history, looking back, I public office is a public trust. Bob La to approach him when we wished to do now personally believe was mistaken, but Follette lived out that principle on the so. I have the utmost sympathy for the a point of view which was honest, and fioor of the Senate and in his public life. members of his family. I shall never for­ which he followed at great personal cost He was a powerful defender of the peo­ get my high regard for him. to himself. At one time it nearly brought ple. He was their tribune. Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, the him expulsion from the United States Mr. President, I shall be very brief in lives of Robert M. La Follette; Sr., and Senate and possibly even a jail sentence. my remarks. When the time comes for Robert M. La Follette, Jr., were closely He came through that terrible period all of us to meet God, I hope we may be joined. In a sense the son was the con­ with the respec.t not only of the Senate, able to say with Bob La Follette, in all tinuation of the father .. They were both but' of the country. He was reelected good conscience, "I have fought a good lives in the best American tradition. in 1922, and in 1924 he ran for the office fight. I have kept faith. I have not They were also lives which had in them a of President of the United States. Mil­ been idle." certain musical quality beginning with lions of us loved and respected him, and I close with the quotation, "Ave atque the stormy period of the career of the asked for nothing better than to tie his vale." elder La Follette, and continuing into a shoelaces. The campaign in 1924 was Mr. HILL. Mr. President, the distin· period of relative serenity for the son. . bitter and exhausting, and at its con­ guished junior Senator from New York The real political lives of the two clusion the father died. [Mr. LEHMAN] had planned to be pres- spanned a period of approximately 60 As the Senator from Georgia [Mr. .cnt today to pay his tribute to the years. It was in 1895, I believe, that Rob­ GEORGE] has said, Bob La Follette, Jr., memory of Bob La Follette. Unforta­ ert La Follette, Sr., made the fateful de­ was secretary to his father during this nately the Senator from New York is ill cision to challenge the entrenched po­ stormy period. He shared the anguish and cannot be here. I ask unanimous litical forces which were then dominat­ consent to have printed at this point in of his father. He experienced the sense the RECORD a statement prepared by the ing his State. The struggle was ex­ of reflected unpopularity of his father; tremely bitter for 5 years, from 1895 to Senator from New York. but it never dinimed his spirit. There being no objection, the state­ 1900, and Bob La Follette, Sr., was re­ He was appointed by the Govei'nor of peatedly defeated. ment was ordered to be printed in the Wisconsin to succeed his father. So for RECORD, as follows: In 1900 he was elected Governor of 40 years there was a Robert M. La Wisconsin, and he became probably one Follette representing the State of Wis­ STATEMENT BY SENATOR LEHMAN of the three or four great governors in consin in the United States Senate. The tragic .death of former Senator Robert the history of the United States. Re­ M. La Follette, Jr., is a source of sadness not Never was a name better represented. only to those who were his frien<;ls and col­ form after reform was put into effect-­ Bob La Follette, Jr., represented not reforms which at the time were bitterly leagues but to thousands of people who knew only the State of Wisconsin, but also the him only by name and reputation. opposed and bitterly denounced, but United States of America. He repre­ He was a great man and represented one which have virtually all proved their sented wage earners who had little or of America's great traditions. He was the worth. I refer to such things as State no protection in the economic or politi­ son and political heir of a great father-a income taxes, the regulation of the rates man who broke ground for liberalism in the cal field. He represented farmers who United States. Under the leadership of the of public utilities, protective labor legis­ were weak economically, and at that lation, negotiation between labor and La Follettes, the State of Wisconsin became management of rules for the government time weak politically. He represented one of the Nation's testing grounds for liberal humble housewives. As the Senator ideas, most of which are now permanently of labor-management relations, the en­ from Georgia has said, he was ever fair enshrined, in the laws of our land. When couragement of farm cooperatives, and, to those who held a different point of ·the La Follettes, father and son, espoused perhaps most striking of all, the intro­ view; and while he opposed their poli­ some of these ideas they were denounced as duction of civil service into Wisconsin, cies, he loved them as people. The his­ radical and revolutionary. Now they are under which there were blanketed into accepted as part of the American way of life. the civil service many of his political op­ tory of the Senate and the history of The people of New York especially have a ponents who then held office. This our Nation are the better for his life. deep feeling for the La Follette family and demonstration of sincerity in connec­ He was a man of honor and integrity. for the tradition which they helped to · He was a defender of civil liberties, an found and lead. What La Follette, the tion with the civil service, even at his father, was doing in Wisconsin our own be­ own c-ost, made a profound impression. advocate of social security, and a sup­ loved AI Smith was doing in New York. New The principle spread gradually to other porter of decent labor legislation. He York and Wisconsin together pioneered in States, such as New York and Massachu­ was never animated by hate but was al­ the field of social legislation-in the matter setts. Wisconsin under Figh,tiilg Bob ways animated by love. He was a skilled of workmen's compensation, child labor, and XCIX--95 1504 <,:ONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE March 2 the protection of working women. As Frank· Senator La Follette exposed the abuses of of any power based on money, he looked u'pon lin Delano Roosevelt carried on in the State social and economic power which made legis­ the East and the easterners as almost by of New York, young Bob La Follette carried lative correction imperative. The modern definition given to easy political sin. An iso· on in the State of Wisc6nsin. The two lines and model reorganization act designed to lationist in World War I, he had the older met when in 1936 young Bob La Follette, al· streamline legislative procedures in Congress dream of an aloof America, a spot of paradise­ though by political label a Republican, sup· stands as testimony to his legislative skill like calm in an ugly and passion-torn world. ported Franklin D. Roosevelt, a Democrat, and understanding:' In fact, it is widely be­ .He never really yielded that vision. for reelection to the presidency. lieved that his determination to see that Young Bob had served as his father's sec­ It was my great privilege both as lieu· piece of work completed, even though it pre· retary, and it was a natural thing for the tenant governor and as governor of New York vented him from returning to Wisconsin to Wisconsin electorate to name him Senator to maintain the close association between campaign for his reelection to the Senate, in his father's place. Coming to Washington New York and Wisconsin which had existed permitted McCARTHY to win. Bob La Fol­ in 1925, the youngest Senator since Henry under my predecessors. I recall that during lette's great tradition and training in the Clay, the son rose rapidly to a place of real the time I was lieutenant governor and our field of civil liberties must have made him power in the insurgent wing of the Repub­ State was held in the grip of terrible unem· wonder whether the triumph of the re­ lican Party.. The late Senators Norris and ployment, all of us toolc heart from the fight organization bill's enactment was worth the Borah were the vocalists of this bloc, in the led by young Bob La Follette in the United price-for he had real respect for human late twenties and early thirties. "But the States Senate to provide Federal relief for being·s. politics," wrote Frank R. Kent in the Sun, unemployment, to bring out into the light of "the policies, the strategy, the organization day the stark and compelling facts of human [From the New York Times of February 26, and the energy are supplied by 'Little Bob.' misery which the national administration of 1953] He is the dynamo. • • •" that day woulc;l have preferred not to have In the Senate the younger La Follette acknowledged. ROBERT M. LA FOLLETTE, JR. made some injudicious sallies in the direc· Bob La Follette was never a physically It is true that Robert M. La Follette, Jr. tion of his father's isolationism. But special robust man. All his life he fought against got his political start in life because he was prestige came from his investigations into poor- health. He had great courage, both the son of his father, but he was much more employer abuses against labor unions in the physically and morally. He was a deeply than that. With none of "Fighting Bob's" pre-Wagner Act days. His lasting monument sincere man and a dedicated man. flamboyance but with all of his intensity, is the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 I did not always agree with his viewpoint, tha younger La Follette made an honored by which the Congress was adapted for better especially on foreign policy in the years name in his own right and became one of the service in a tumultuous age. preceding World War II, but I always re­ most esteemed and useful Members of the Since he was always not merely a liberal spected the integrity of his beliefs. AI· Senate of the United States. but a stoutly anti-Communist liberal, it was though I believe he erred in some respects, Succeeding in 1925 to the Senate seat long a dark paradox that La Follette was defeated he was deeply and profoundly right in his held by his father, young Bob served the in the end by Senator McCARTHY. Perhaps understandihg of the threat of communism. people of Wisconsin and of all the Nation for the spectacle of a La Follette in private life­ His bold and outspoken condemnation of 21 eventful years. When he wen~ down to and in Washington rather than Wisconsin­ that threat at a time when others were defeat in the Republican primary of 1946 at seemed to the ex-Senator as incongruous as silent or actually "soft" toward communism, the hands of one JOSEPH R. McCARTHY, he it seemed to many political observers of his was a contributing factor, I am told,. to his was still a relatively young man with promise generation. His death will cause a special political defeat in 1946. It took only a few of future political activity before him. But pang to those who knew him. years to show the deep wisdom that was his. he decided otherwise, and it is safe to say His spirit was crushed by the rejection he that the Nation was the loser. For Bob La suffered at the hands of the voters of his Follette had amply demonstrated that he was [From the Roanoke (Va.) Times of February party, and now 7 years later he has left the a public servant of integrity, industry, and 26, 1953] land of the living. ability. . ••YouNG BoB" LA FoLLETTE I did not have the privilege of_serving in Long before the economic collapse that led Robert M. La Follette, Jr., of Wisconsin, the Senate with him, but his spirit has been to the great depression Senator La Follette owed much to the magic name of his. father, here even in his physical absence from the had shown his social·consciousness by taking "Fighting Bob," for his rise in politics. But Senate. The spirit of-Bob La Follette will an active interest-and attempting to inter­ his own abilities and popularity enabled him remain here as one of the great traditions est others-in the problems of national un· to build a political career that kept him in of the Senate of the United States. employment. By 1936 he had become chair· the Senate for 21 years. man of the famous Senate Subcommittee on Mr. IDLL. Mr. President, last Wed· Civil Liberties, whose exposure of the meth­ "Young Bob's" death at his own hand, ap· nesday, the day after the death of Bob ods then used to prevent union organization parently because of. despondency over ill and collective bargaining had a profound health, removes from the national scene one La F'ollette I sought to pay ·my tribute who was consistently liberal and independ· to his memory, to his life, and to his serv· effect on public thinking. If he had an in­ adequate perception of foreign relations, he ent. The pattern of liberalism and progres. ices to his country. I shall not today sivism that maintained the La Follettes­ repeat those words, but I ask unanimous had a keen understanding of domestic affairs, and he knew that one of the great problems father rnd sons, Robert and Philip-in po­ con$ent to have printed in the RECORD of democratic government was to make its litical power for nearly half a century shifted .. at this point the fine tributes which have machinery work with a maximum of etll­ in 1946 when "Young Bob" lost the Republi· been paid to the memory of Bob La Fol­ ciency. To this end he helped fashion a can senatorial nomination to JosEPH R. lette by some of the leading newspapers far-reaching congressional reorganization McCARTHY, then a little known circuit court act during his last term of office. judge. After succeeding his noted father in of the country. the Senate in 1925 he was elected to a full There being no objection, the edi· Insurgent and Independent, Republican, and Progressive-La Follette was in many term in 1928 and twice was reelected on the torials were ordered to be printed in ways a pioneer; and, as is so often true of Progressive ticket. the RECORD, as follows: pioneers, he made some political enemies as Senator La Follette found the atmosphere (From the New York Herald Tribune of well as many devoted friend's. But all of of Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Dealism con. February 26, 1953] them held him in high respect, and his self­ genial, supporting the late President in his SENATOR ROBERT M. LA FOLLETTE, JR. inflicted death brings to a tragic close a first three presidential campaigns. In FDR's career of high distinction and of great campaign for a fourth term he stood aloof. To those who knew the first Senator La service. He objected strenuously to Roosevelt's for· Follette, the son who succeeded him was eign policy before this country entered World always affectionately called young Bob. (From the Baltimore Sun of February 26, War II. Sometimes he was referred to as But during his :C2 years in the United States an isolationist. He opposed lend-lease to 1953] Senate the son proved himself time and time Britain, neutrality law revision permitting again as a mature, brave and skillful fighter ROBERT M. LA FOLLETTE, JR. American ships to carry munitions to bellig. fo::- the principles in which he believed. Men in middle life will reflect with a start erent ports, and selective service. But after Father and son were devoted public servants that to their younger colleagues the death the war he thr·ew his support behind the all their lives. It was comparatively early of Robert M. La Follette, ;Jr., can have no Marshall plan :(or European recovery and the in his senatorial career that Robert Marion special meaning. Yet for the first 45 years United Nations. La Follette, Jr., chaired and directed the of this century, the La Follette name was one Senator La Follette's political beliefs fre­ Senate Civil Liberties Committee in an ex­ of the mightiest and most attractive in quently were at variance with those of his posure of working conditions and living American political life. With Young Bob's colleagues and he was sometimes out of tune standards that laid the groundwork for the defeat in 1946 as Senator from Wisconsin, With the voice of the country. But he earned reforms of the last 20 years. the La Follettes went out of otllce, but the respect, nevertheless. Said Senator WILEY The social legislation under which for the former Senator stayed on in Washington, a of Wisconsin: "Whether or not we may have first time workers were protected in their knowing and friendly man. always agreed with him, we knew him as a. right to organize, the breaking up of com· The elder La Follette with his famous determined fighter for his ideas-just, fair, pany-dominated unions, the development of white mane of hair embodied the best in the friendly, industrious. He ·was a worthy heir the Fair Labor Standards Act and of the So· tradition of indigenous midwestern Ameri· of the unforgettable La Follette tradition o! c~al Security Act were made possible because can _radicalism. Constitutionally suspicious public service." 1953 CONGRESSIONAL lrnCORD- SENATE 1505 [From the St. Louis Globe-Democrat of 1n this, his hometown, he was known as a Mr. KEFAUVER. Mr. President, I February 26, 1953] · good fellow. · never had the privilege of serving in the Even in his political record there was much Senate with Bob La Follette, but during 'END OF A DYNASTY to praise, much for gratitude from his bit­ The cunfortunate death of Robert M. La terest enemies. They could and did count 7% years he served in the Senate I Follette, Jr., ends a political dynasty that him dead wrong in his philosophies, atti­ was honored by being a Member of the made its influence felt jn this country for tudes, and approaches, yet grant him bril­ House of Representatives, along with the nearly naif a century. Young Bob did not liance and courage in the technique of present junior Senator from Oklahoma possess the magnetic personality of his statesmanship. And he gave much of great [Mr. MoNRONEY1 and my colleague, the famous father, nor his drive, but he carried good to national legislation. present junior Senator from Tennessee on the family tradition of political independ­ He was blessed with strength and brains [Mr. GoRE], who were also Members of ence and liberalism during his 21 years in the and the ambition to use both. ·the House. We were interested, along Senate. It is doubly tragic that such a man could Elected in 1925 to fill the seat left vacant not have had longer to give more from this with Senator La Follette, in legislative by his father's death, he was the youngest great store. reorganization proposals. The resulting Senator to enter Congress since Henry Clay. legislation became known as the La In 1928 he was reelected as a Republican, [From the Pittsburgh Press of February 25, Follette--Monroney Reorganization Act but 6 years later he organized the Progres­ 1953] of 1946. Senator La Follette was not sive Party with his brother, Philip, and was BoB LA FoLLETTE only considerate always of Members of reelected in that year and again in 1940 as a the Senate, but I doubt that any Member Progressive. In 1946 he announced h~s re­ News of the suicide of former Senator turn to the Republican fold, but iromcally Robert M. La Follette comes as a shock to of the Senate has spent more time con­ was defeated by a political unknown, JosEPH his thousands of friends and the multitude ferring with Members of the House of R. McCARTHY. Since then he had been an of Americans who followed his public ca­ Representatives than he did. He was economic adviser in Washington. reer. always interested in working with the A dynasty has come to an end, but the Despondency over ill he.al th is the only Members of the House in connection with tradition it symbolized remains. explanation offe.red and indeed the only one this particular legislation. that could make sense. For Bob La Follette I feel we have lost one of the greatest [From the Washington Evening Star of was a man of tough and logical mind and Americans of this time. February 25, 1953] of stout heart, with a body that long seemed to lack the stamina for the hard endeavor I shall not go into detail, but, in my RoBERT M. LA FoLLETTE, JR. to which he applied himself. opinion, one of the finest tributes that The La Follettes of Wisconsin wrote a Bob practically was born to public life. I have read on what Bob La Follette's life chapter in American politics that lives now He was only 5 when his father, old Bob, meant to our Nation was written by the only as a tradition. Young Bob was a pa~t was elected Governor of Wisconsin. After thoughtful columnist, Thomas L. Stokes. of that tradition. But in the hour of h1s old Bob went to the Senate, and the son His tribute was published in the Chat­ tragic death it is not the political tradition reached the ag.e to do the work, young Bob tanqoga Times of March 1, 1953. I ask but a certain gentleness, gallantry, and hu­ served as his father's secretary. And upon mility in his character as a man that is his father's death, young Bob succeeded unanimous consent to have it printed in treasured as the personal memory of those · to his seat, and was reelected three "times­ the RECORD at this point in the remarks. who knew him. He fought cleanly and serving in all 22 years in Senate. There being no objection, the article vigorously for what he believed, and defeat He grew in stature, usefulness and influ­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, never robbed him of grace or dignity. ence. Bob never took the Senate floor with­ as follows: · out first mastering the subject on which he chose to ·speak-and when he spoke, other LA FOLLETTES KNEW HONESTY IN DISSENT [From the Wisconsin State Journal, Madi­ (By Thomas L. Stokes) son, Wis., of .February 25, 1953] Senators listened. He was a progressive-of the school founded WASHINGTON.-The death here-tragically RoBERT M. LA FoLLETTE, JR. by his father, among men of the caliber of by his own hand-of the figure known for so . Beyond the duties of the sociologist and Burton Wheeler, George Norris, and Bill many years as young Bob casts a shadow the requirements of the law, it is probably Borah-men of a time and a philosophy not of sorrow for his host of friends while at the within the province of no man to inquire to be associated with the muddle-headed­ same time it tnrows a twilight nostalgic glow into the reasons for another's self-destruc- . ness whjch has been passed off as progres­ on a whole era of·our history. tion. siveism and liberalism in recent years. Former Senator Robert Marion La Follette, Yet the act that ended the life of Robert Bob La Follette scorned pretense and hy­ Jr., of Wisconsin, symbolized, as did his M. La Follette, Jr., was so foreign to the per­ pocrisy and demagogery. He supported all father before him, a native American pro­ sonality that it calls up bewilderment almost the early reforms of the Roosevelt adminis­ gressivism, -an honest and brave dissent, to the point of disbelief. tration, but. he parted company with the which left a deep and salutary imprint upon He was always the fighter. Though his New Deal on its fiscal irrespons!bility. He our American democracy. once-brilliant and powerful politi{)al career believed in pay-as-you-go Government. That progressivism carries on today, may have been done, he was successful by He opposed hidden taxation, and thought though more freely, for it is confused and any material standard. He was wealthy. He all taxes should be visible, painful and without the magnetic an~ sure leadership of w~s important. He was respected. He was broadly based, so that the people would be its heyday. It copes with new and strange too big a man to have let· poltical defeat encouraged to police their Government's problems and issues in a Natiol;l suddenly corrode his soul. He was too responsible a spending. At one time when the R~osevelt _grown so big in itself and before the world, man to have sought anything without reason administration shifted its tax pol1cy for with its economic life highly organized and sufficient unto himself and others. punitive and political purposes, Senator La consolidated and, in some respects, regiment­ It is left now, then, only to speculate upon Follette stood up and said something which ed into giant industry, giant labor, and giant and sympathize with the terrible tortures those who heard him will not forget. government. A clear path is hard to pick of ill health he must have suffered, more "Ame:rican business," he said, "can adjust in the morass. The answers no longer are awful than his closest intimates must have itself to progressive legislation. But Amer­ easy, though they never were so really. known. ican business can never adjust itself to con­ But it survives, if we but stop to recognize It is left, too, to sorrow and to regret stant uncertainty." it, wherever the dignity and independence this man's passing. A list of his accomplishments would fill of the human l;>eing shine out today. They These words are set down by the Wisconsin many pages of this newspaper. We mention do shine brightly, contrasted with the ap­ State Journal through no mere· dictate of only a few: pearance· on the scene of the elder Bob La taste and tradition of saying only well of His 1937 investigation of the Little Steel Follette around the turn of the century, tl;le dead. strike, which threw so much light on. the when men, women, and children worked at Through all his political lifetime, · this labor-management troubles of that t1me. long hours in bleak surroUndings for pitiful newspaper and young Bob La Follette were His coauthorship of the Congressional Re­ wages in the era of the exploiters. • * * political opponents. This newspaper fought organization Act, which won him the 1946 When our sometimes sainted empire build­ him politically with every honorable means Collier's award as "the outstanding Senator. ers, more vulgarly called robber barons by at hand. And he. never pulled a punch at His early understanding of and warnings some historians, juggled railroads for stock' against the Communist menace: His ~ert­ market plunder and held State governments us, either. in their greedy hands, and took their toll Yet all the time you were fighting him you ness to the dangers inherent 1n President Roosevelt's secret dealings with Stalin. His from farmers in extortionate freight rates could like him, admire him, respect him for • • • when their compatriots of like in­ his fine intellect and his personal integrity. quick ·recognition that the . United Nations would flounder on the San Francisco Char­ stinct ravaged our forests, as they did in Bob The man who quarreled with him through La Follette's Wisconsin, with no thought of the newspaper or on the platform could meet ter provision of the veto power. We extend condolences to his family, and the future • • •. when our farmers had lit­ him personally and be greeted with grace and tle say about the marketing of their cr~ps charm and good-hearted m anliness. There we regret to say that since Bob La Follette' s defeat in 1946, we have not known his like and the prices they would get and were Vlc­ was nothing petty or mean or vindictive tims of economic forces which they could not about Bob La Follette. From his boyhood in the United States Senate. · 1506 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE March 2 understand and about which they could do Obviously there is little that can be vestigations of the Committee on Gov­ little. · added to the eloquent tributes which ernment Operations, and the Committee In changing all of this the American pro-· La on Foreign Relations were authorized to gressive tradition of dissent, in which the have been paid to Robert M. Follette, La Follettes were forceful leaders, had its in­ Jr., by those who served with him. The meet during the session of the Senate fiuence. So great an infiuence, indeed, that present occupant of the chair, like the -today. eventually millions rallied about the La .Fol­ Senator from Tennessee, did not have On request of Mr. WILEY, and by unan­ lettes and those who stood with them, when that privilege. When I came to Wash­ imous consent, the Committee on For­ the father was Governor and Senator, and ington in 1947 as a new Member of the eign Relations was authorized to meet when the son was a Senator. This became House of Representatives I had the priv­ this afternoon during the session of the 1n time so great a multitude tha~ the two ilege of meeting and knowing Bob La Senate. great political parties blatantly cribbed from 1;he Progressive philosophy, and inserted it, Follette through mutual friends. He On request of- Mr. CAPEHART, and by piece after piece, into the law of the land. made a great and lasting impression on unanimous consent, the Committee on What we call the New Deal bore in many of me, as he had on the many Members of Banking and Currency was authorized its worthy aspects the imprint of La Follette the Senate who served with him. That to meet this afternoon during the ses­ progressivism when it ultimately poured in impression particularly was that here sion of the Senate. in a fiood of legislation from a frantic Con­ was a man of great intellectual ability On request of Mr. BuTLER of Nebraska, gress struggling to stem the tide of depres­ who was not plagued with what often and by unanimous consent, the Commit­ sion. It was a fertile yeast. La Follette history goes way back, back goes by the name of intellectual arro­ tee on Interior and Insular Affairs was far beyond the first-hand knowledge of this gance or pride. Here was a man .of authorized to meet this afternoon during reporter who, however, knew and watched great ability and humility who had re­ the session of the 3enate. the elder in the sunset of his career, and spect for the abilities and views of others knew and watched the younger through all whom he could consider as not being his career of 21 years here in the Senate, his intellectual equals. EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, whiph ended in 1946 with his defeat in the An indication of the esteem in which ETC. Retlublican primary by Senator JosEPH Mc­ Bob La Follette was and is held by his CARTHY. Flashbacks of remembered scenes The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the tell much of the La Follette story in Ameri­ colleagues is, as the Parliamentarian has Senate the following letters, which were can politics and American life. informed the Chair, that this is the first referred as indicated: time in the history of the Senate that a That late afternoon of July 4, 1924, in a dim REPORT ON ACTIVITIES OF, ExPENDITURES BY, hall in Cleveland when the 29-year-old special day has been set aside for memo­ AND DONATIONS TO THE LIGNITE RESEARCH young !Bob, his rounc face aglow, accepted rial services for a man who was not a LABORATORY, GRAND FORKS, N. DAK. for his father, not present, the nomination Member of the Senate at the time of his ·A letter from the Assistant Secretary of the for President on an independent ticket. The death. exultant delegates thrilled over the young Interior, reporting, pursuant to law, on the man's rousing reading of his father's state­ activities of, expenditures by, "'-nd donations ment. Here it may be interpolated that Sen­ MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT to the Lignite Research Laboratory, Grand ator La Follette the father, bucking Cool­ Forks, N. Dak., for the year 1952; to the idge prosperity, so-called, gave witness by A message in writing from the Presi­ Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs .. the nearly 5,000,000 votes he polled of the dent of the United States submitting a REPORT OF FEDERAL POWER COMMISSION distress and discontent then in the farm nomination was communicated to the Senate by Mr. Miller, one of his secre­ A letter from the Chairman, Federal Power belt, for he polled a considerable vote in all Commission, transmitting, pursuant to law, the area beyond the Mississippi, running taries. a report of that Commission, for the fiscal ahead of the Democratic candidate, John W. year 1952 (with an accompanying report): Davis, in 10 of those States. But the GOP MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE­ to the Committee on In~erstate ancl. Foreign hierarchy was unheeding of the cloud in the Commerce. · West, which broke in political catastrophe ENROLLED JOINT RESOLUTION. over its head 8 years later. SIGNED REPORT OF FEDERAL MEDIATION AND CONCILIA• Memory brings back young Bob again, TION f3ERVICE now a Senator in the seat of his father who A message from the House of Repre­ A letter from the Director, Federal Me· had died in 1925, as he stood before the 1928 sentatives, by Mr. Chaffee, one of its · diation and Conciliation Service, Washing-· Kansas City Republican convention and reading clerks, announced that the ton, D. C., transmitting, pursuant to law, a offered once again, in vain, as so often before, Speaker had affixed his signature to the report of that Service for the fiscal year the "La Follette platform." It was, of course, enrolled joint resolution y Senator cretion, prehearing elections in represen­ First. To provide timely adjudication Harry P. Cain, of Washington, before ·the tation cases. . The prehearing election of cases ai:ising under the Taft-Hartley Republican National Convention on July device was developed in the latter days Act. · 10, 1952. of. the Wagner Act period. It is a tech­ Second. To economize on the expendi­ By Mr. McCLELLAN: nique whereby the Board directs an elec­ ture of time and money by the Govern­ Article entitled "Some of America's Chief tion even though there may be issues in ment and the litigants before the Na­ State School Officers," written by Dr. George dispute which are unresolved~ It was tional Labor Relations Board._ S. Reuter, Jr., of Arka~~s A. & M. College • . 1516 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE March 2 By Mr. BRICKER: . setts, to be United States attorney for eated time and place all persons inter­ Editorial entitled "Safeguard," under the the district of Massachusetts, Vice ested in the nomination may make such general title "Legislation by Treaty." pub­ George F. Garrity, term expiring. At representations as may be pertinent. lished in the Detroit (Mich.) Free Press, of the indicated time and place all persons The subcommittee consists of the Sen­ February 23, 1953. By Mr. SCHOEPPEL: interested in the nomination may macke ator from North Dakota [Mr. LANGER]. Editorial entitled "Job for an Expert," such representations as may be perti­ chairman, the Senator from New Jersey relating to waste in the defense program, nent. The subcommittee consists of the fMr. HENDRICKSON], and the Senator written by Fred Brinkerhoff, editor, published Senator from North Dakota ,[Mr. from Missouri [Mr. HENNINGS]. in the Pittsburg (Kans.) Headlight. LANGER], chairman, the Senator from By Mr. THYE: New Jersey [Mr. HENDRICKSON], ,and the Article entitled "Confused Trade Policy,'• . NOTICE OF HEARING ON NOMINA­ written by Marquis Childs, and published in Senator from Missouri [Mr. HENNINGS]. the Washington Post of February 28, 1953. TION OF GEORGE E. MAcKINNON~ Editorial entitled "To a Bewildered Rus­ NOTICE OF HEARING ON NOMINA­ OF MINNESOTA, TO BE UNITED sian," written by David Lawrence, and pub­ STATESATI'ORNEY FOR THE DIS· lished in the U. S. News & World Report TION OF ENARD ERICKSON, OF for Mar-ch 6, 1953. MINNESOTA, TO BE UNITED TRICT OF MINNESOTA By Mr. KEFAUVER.: STATES MARSHAL FOR THE DIS­ Editorial -entitled "Offshore Oil," pubUshed Mr. LANGER. Mr. President, on be­ in the New York Times of March 2, 1953. TRICT OF MINNESOTA half of the Committee on the Judiciary, Editorial entitled "A Good Stewardship,'• Mr. LANGER. Mr. President, on be­ I desire to give notice that a public hear­ published in the Santa Fe New Mexican of half of the Committee on the Judiciary, ing has been scheduled for TUesday, January 19, 1953. I desire to give notice that a public hear­ March 10, 1953, at 2 p. m., in room 424, Editorial entitled "Letting the Public ing has been scheduled for Tuesday, Senate Office Building, upon the nomi­ Know,'' published in the Paris (Tenn.) Post­ nation of George E. MacKinnon, of Min­ Intelligencer of February 11, 1953. March 10, 1953, at 2 p, m., in room 424, By Mr. WATKINS: Senate Office Building, upon the nomi­ nesota, to be United States attorney for Article entitled "Crusaders in Washing­ nation of Enard Erickson, of Minnesota, the district of Minnesota, vice Philip ton," written by Holmes Alexander, and pub­ to be United States marshal for the dis­ Neville, resigned. At the indicated time lished in the Salt Lake Tribune of February trict of Minnesota, vice John J. Mc­ and place all persons interested in the 26, 1953. Gowan, term expired. At the indicated nomination may make such representa­ time and place all persons interested in tions as may be pertinent. The subcom­ ORDER DISPENSING WITH CALL OF the nomination may make such ·repre­ mittee consists of the Senator from THE CALENDAR $entations as may be pertinent. The North Dakota [Mr. LANGER], chairman. the Senator from New Jersey [Mr. HEN• Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, I move subcommittee consists of the Senator from North Dakota [Mr. LANGER], chair­ DRICKSON], and the Senator from Mis­ that, at· the conclusion of the morning souri (Mr. HENNINGS]. hour, the reading the calendar be dis­ man, the Senator from New Jersey [Mr. pensed with. HENDRICKSON J, and the Senator from The VICE PREl3IDENT. Without ob­ Missouri (Mr. HENNINGS]. THE WALTER-McCARRAN jection, the motion of the Senator from IMMIGRATION ACT Ohio is agreed to. NOTICE OF HEARING ON NOMINA­ Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. President, I ask TION OF ROBERT. HENRY BEAU­ unanimous consent to have prin:ted in NOTICE OF HEARING ON PROPOSED DREAU, OF MASSACHUSETTS, TO -the RECORD a letter from the Port of·New LEGISLATION RELATING TO CIVHJ York Longshoremen Post, No. 7095, BE UNITED STATES. MARSHAL Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United ACTIONS AGAINST THE UNITED FOR THE DISTRICT OF MASSA· STATES IN THE DISTRICT COURTS States, signed by John A. Condon, com­ CHUSETTS FOR RECOVERY OF TAXES ER­ mander, New York County Veterans of Mr. LANGER. .Mr. President, on be­ Foreign Wars, Americanism chairman, RONEOUSLY OR ILLEGALLY AS­ dated February 21, 1953, relative to cer­ SESSED OR COLLECTED half of the Committee on the Judiciary, 1: desire to give notice that a public hear­ tain phases of the Walter-McCarran Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. President, on ing has been scheduled for TUesday, Immigration Act. · behalf of the standing Subcommittee on March 10, 1953, at 2 p. m., in room 424, There being no objection, the letter Improvements in Judicial Machinery 'Of Senate Office Building, upon the nomi­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, the Committee on the Judiciary, I desire nation of Robert Henry Beaudreau, of as follows: to give notice that a public hearing has Massachusetts, to be United states mar­ PORT OF NEW You been scheduled for Friday, March 6, 19.53. shal for the district of Massachusetts, LONGSHOREMEN POST, No. 7095, at 10 a. m., in room 424, Senate Office vice ArthtJr J. B. Cartier, rem'Oved. At VErERANs oF FoREIGN Building, on S. 252,- permitting all civil WARS OF THE UNITED STATES, the indicated time and place all persons· New York, N. Y., February 21, 1953. actions against the United -States for interested in the nomination may make recovery of taxes erroneously assessed or The Honorable Senator McCARRAN, such representations as may be perti­ United States Senate, Washington, D. C. collected to be brought in the district nent. The subcommittee consists of the DEAR SENATOR; This post WOuld like to go courts with the right of trial by jury. Senator from North Dakota {Mr. LAN­ · on record as unanimously endorsing the sec­ Persons desiring to be heard should GER], chairman, the Se!lator from New tion of the McCarran-Walter Immigration notify the committee so that a schedule . Jersey [Mr. HENDRICKSON], and the Sen­ Act per~aining to the screening of foreign can be prepared for those who wish to ator from Missouri £Mr. HENNINGS]. ~eamen. appear and testify. The subcommittee We .feel we are in better position to Judge consists of myself, chairman, the Sena­ the merits of this se"ction ot the act than the so-called experts that have criticized some­ ·tor from Utah [Mr. WATKINs], and the ~OTICE OF HEARING ON NOMINA­ Senator from Idaho [Mr. WELKER]. thing they know little about. TION OF J. EDWARD LUMBARD, OF If at any time you need assistance in your NEW YORK. TO BE UNITED STATES fight to keep this section of the act from being deleted please do not hesitate to con­ ~OTICE OF HEARING ON NOMINA­ ATTORNEY FOR THE SOUTHE:aN noN OF ANTHONY JULIAN, OF tact us. DISTRICT OF NEW YORK Respectfully and sincerely yours, MASSACHUSETTS, TO BE UNITED Mr. LANGER. Mr. President, on be­ JOHN A. CONDON, STATES ATTORNEY FOR THE DIS­ half of the Committee on the Judiciary, Commander, New York County, Vet­ ~CT OF MASSACHUSETTS I desire to give notice that a public hear­ erans of Foreign Wars, American­ Mr. LANGER. Mr. President, on be­ ing has been scheduled for Tuesday, ism Chairman. half of the Committee on the Judiciary. March 10, 1-953, at 2 p. m., in room 424, Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. President, I ask I desire to give notice that a public hear­ Senate Office Building, upon the nomi­ unanimous consent to have printed as ing has been · scheduled for Tuesday, ·nation of J. Edward Lumbard, of New a part of my remarks at this point in the March 10, 1953, at 2 p. m., in room 424, York, to be United States attorney for RECORD an article which I have prepared Senate Office Building, upon the nomi­ the southern district of New York, vice "for publicati'On in the magazine U.S. A., nation of Anthony Julian, of Massachu- Myles J. Lane, resigning. At the indi- ·the magazine of American affairs, en- 1953 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD-SENATE '1517 titled "The Background of the McCar­ migration. Australia, New Zealand, and basis for determining quotas for the numeri· ran-Walter Act." South Africa have received most of the re­ cal restriction of the flow of immigrants to There being no objection, the article mainder. So, it is not an idle boast that we this country. The second, and broader pur­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, have the most liberal immigration policies in pose, was to preserve the composition of the as follows: the Western Hemisphere. population of the United States on the basis In the course of our work, the subcom­ of the proportionate contribution made by THE BACKGROUND OF THE McCARRAN-WALTER mittee obtained and considered appraisals the various nationality groups. The legis· ' AcT · and suggestions from several hundred offi­ lative history of the Immigration Act of 1924 (By Senator PAT McCARRAN) cers and employees of the Immigration and shows that Congress never intended the The Immigration and 'Nationality Act of Naturalization Service and the visa and pass­ 150,000 quota immigrants allowed to be a 1952, more commonly referred to as the Mc­ port divisions , of the Department of State. minimum limitation, but intended that it Carran-Walter Immigration Act, went into In addition, we received and considered ap­ should ·be the maximum number of quota operation on Christmas Eve, 1952. One praisals and suggestions from numerous in­ immigrants to be admitted annually. Even would think that opponents of any legisla­ dividuals and representatives of various in­ those who would whittle away the principle tion passed over a Presidential veto, includ­ terested nongovernmental organizations. of national origin quotas, by providing for ing this act, would allow such legislation a The study and investigation disclosed the distribution of unused quota numbers reasonable period in operation before trying many inequities, weaknesses, loopholes, and among the low-quota countries, seemingly to destroy it. But such has not been the inconsistencies in ·the old hodgepodge immi­ profess adherence to the principle of national case with the McCarran-Walter Act. From gration and naturalization system. The origins for the maintenance of the compo­ the day it was enacted, its enemies have gravity of this situation was not merely sition of our population according to · the sought ways and means to strike it down. academic, nor was it confined to the ques­ contribution by various nationalities. Why this persistent opposition? What kind tion of serious inconvenience to those who How has this formula served us in reality? of a law is it? What does it do? Is it dis­ undertake to administer or understand our During the period from 1924 to 1946 immi­ criminatory? Those are some of the ques­ laws. Today, as never before, a sound im­ gration from northern and western Europe tions to be dealt with in this article. migration and naturalization system is es­ amounted to 43 .1 percent of the total where­ Recognizing the need for a comprehensive sential to the preservation of our way of as slightly over 79 per.cent of our white popu­ evaluation of our immigration laws, the BOth life, because that system is the conduit lation, according to the 1920 census was at­ Congress, in 1947, empowered the Senate through which a stream of humanity flows ~rib't':tabl~ to that area. During th~t period, Committee on the Judiciary " • • • or any into the fabric of our society. If that stream Imm'lgratwn from southern and eastern duly authorized subcommittee thereof, • • • is healthy, the impact on our society is salu­ Europe amounted to 18.9 percent of the total, to make a full and complete investigation of tary; but, if tp.at stream is polluted, our whereas 15 percent of the white population our entire immigration system." It was institutions and our way of life become of 1920 was of southern and eastern Euro­ learned during the course of the Senate sub­ infected. pean ·origin. Immigration from the Western committee's 4-year investigation that the The ld.W as it was finally enacted went Hemisphere countries amounted to 36.2 per­ pattern of our old immigration system had through several drafts before it was ap­ cent of the total, whereas 5.6 percent of the been established not only by 2 compre- . proved .. In that work, we were assisted by 1920 white population was attributable to hensive immigration laws, but by over 200 not only the staff of the Senate subcommit­ that area. additional legislative enactments. In addi­ tee. but also by experts from the Immigration Although the flow of immigration has not tion, there had been a number of treaties, and Naturalization "Service, the Visa and followed the pattern contemplated under Executive orders, proclamations, rules, regu­ Passport Divisions of the Department of the national origins formula, it has provided lations, and operating instructions which State, and the legislative counsel of the a fixed and easily determinable method of were in effect. The immigration laws were, Senate. controlling immigration which is not subject moreover, so closely intertwined with the After the introduction of the original bill to the whims and caprice of administrative naturalization laws that it was essential for tn April of 1950, copies were circulated to in­ interpretation, and which is automatically the two sets of laws to be considered to­ terested governmental and nongovernmental resistant to pressures for special treatment. gether. The subcommittee concluded early agencies for study and comment. The Im­ Experience has shown that the national ori­ tn its study that it would be unwise and im­ migration and Naturalization Service as­ gins formula has been more of a numerically practicable to submit the proposed changes . signed two experts who prepared a detailed restrictive measure than a means of auto­ in the form of numerous amendments to the critique of the bill, and the Department of matically selecting immigrants from the var­ patchwork of the old immigration and natu­ State set up a special committee within the ious nationalities, since the countries of ralization laws. It was, therefore, decided Department which performed a similar func­ northern and western Europe have used a to draft one complete omnibus bill which tion. In addition, a number of nongovern­ much smaller ·percentage of their quotas would embody all of the immigration and mental agencies submitted analyses and sug­ than the countries of southern and Eastern naturalization laws. The subcommittee gestions. In the course of numerous con­ Europe. The national origins quota formula undertook a task which had never before ferences over a period of several weeks, the was and is a rational and logical method of been accomplished in the history of this various suggestions and analyses were con­ numerically restricting immigration in such country; namely, the revision and codifica­ sidered and the bill was further refined. Fol­ a manner as to preserve best the sociological tion of all of our numerous immigration and lowing that, extensive joint public hearings and cultural balance in the population of naturalization laws. were conducted by subcommittees of the Sen­ the United States. It is eminently fair and The subcommittee studied not only the ate and the House Judiciary Committees on sound for visas to be allocated in a ratio history of the immigration policy of the the immigration bills then before the Con­ which will admit a preponderance of immi­ United States, but the immigration policies gress. On April 25, 1952, the House passed grants who will be more readily assimilable of other countries. We delved into. the his­ the bill by an overwhelming vote of 206 for because of the similarity of their cultural tory and development of international mi­ and 68 against. The Senate followed suit background to that of the principal compo· grations and the problems of population and shortly thereafter, and sent the bill to the nents of our population. natural resources. We studied the charac­ White House. When President Truman The act removes from our immigration teristics. of the population of the United Yetoed the bill, it was enacted over his veto. laws any racial discrimination in a realistic States, insofar as they were related to our The cardinal principle which guided us in manner. Under its terms, national origin immigration and naturalization system. We determining what this act should contain quotas are made available to all countries of studied the organization and functions · of . was simply this: The best interests of the the·world, and no immigrant is barred solely the agencies of the Government which are United States of America must be served. because of race, nor are aliens barred from concerned with the administration and oper­ In the light of that principle, let us examine naturalization because of race. However. ation of our immigration and naturaliza­ the chief features of the act. fixed limitations are included to prevent an tion laws. We studied each of the thou­ We have retained the national origins influx of more orientals than can be assimi­ sands of provisions of our immigration and quota system as the basis. for our quantita­ lated. No one is inadmissible to the United naturalization laws with the end in view tive restriction of immigration.to this coun­ States solely on the basis of race, but all per­ of appraising their adequacy, force and effect, try. This formula for computing quotas is sons indigenous to an area designated as the and in conjunction therewith we studied that the quota for each quota area shall be Asia-Pacific Triangle are assigned to the quo­ the judicial and administrative interpreta­ one-sixth of 1 percent of the number of in­ tas for that area. By .removing the racial tions of those provisions and the rules and habitants in the continental United States bar to immigration and naturalization, regulations implementing them. We learned in 1920 attributable by national origin to about 85,000 orientals in the United States that at least 60 percent of the total world such quota area. In addition, several coun­ and Hawaii, who have been our friends and immigration from early in the nineteenth tries which previously had no quotas are neighbors for a quarter of a century, became century to 1930 has come to the United allotted minimum quotas of 100. The na­ eligible for citizenship. States. Canada, which has ranked next to tional origins quota system has been an in• Parenthetically, let me say that the Asia· the United States as a receiving country, tegral part of our immigration policy since Pacific triangle provision received the en· has received 11.5 percent of total world im­ it :; establishment in 1929, and, while it has· dorsement of every major oriental group in migration, or less than one-fifth as much been frequently criticized and attacked, no the united States as the only fair and reason­ as the United States. · Argentina has re­ one as yet has come forward with an ac­ able solution to the problem presented. The ceived about 10 percent of total immigration, ceptable substitute. Congress had two pur­ opponents of the Asia-Pacific triangle provi­ while Brazil has been the place of destina­ poses in mind when it adopted the national sion sponsored legislation which would have tion for 7 perc~nt _ to 8 percent of world im- origins formula, The first was to provide a swept away all of the control provisions o! 1518' CONGRESSIONAL · RECORD:- SENATE March 2

the old law without substituting -any reason­ mission into this eountry. This has been ~urtured by the Soviet Union, it strives in­ able limitations in their place. Under their done in a sincere e1fort to insure that when cessantly to make the United States a Soviet proposals an estimated 600,000 orientals, who millions of aliens are storming our gates we America. Does anyone still have doubt? are natives of nonquota countries of the shall not be admitting into our society those Should they be handled with kid gloves? Western Hemisphere, would have become 1m-: who would contaminate or subvert it. Like­ The Immigration and Nationality Act of mediately eligible for immigratiou. to the wise, the deportable classes of aliens and the 1952 was passed by the Congress on June 27, United States. Thousands upon thousands deportation procedures have been strength­ 1952, over President Truman's veto. On Sep­ of orientals, without statutory limitation, ened so that subversive and undesirable tember 4, 1952, 2 months before the general would have become immediately eligible for aliens are not permitted to .remain in our election and more than 3 months before the immigration to this country for permanent midst. new act went into effect on December 24, residence because of the greatly expanded It is charged that the McCarran-Walter 1952, the President appointed a specia~ co.m­ nonquota 1:ategories which would have been Act introduces new racial discriminations mission on Immigration and Naturallzatwn established pursuant to the above legislation. into our immigration laws. The truth is to study and evaluate the immigration and • This would have been in addition to the that all racial barriers to the naturalizati~:m naturalization policies of the United States. quotas which have been assigned to each of aliens are removed and that the ram.al This Commission vias to render a final report of about two dozen oriental countries in the bars to immigration are removed ~ithin cer­ on the administration and operation of our _ Far East. Again, let me repeat that these tain limitations. Under the old law certain immigration laws on January 1 •. 1953, one proposals were so fantastic, so drastic, and so Orientals were absolutely excluded from en­ week after this new law went mto effect. unrealistic that the major oriental groups in tering the United States as immigrants, but This was done despite the fact that it is the this· country shied away from them and en­ under the McCarran-Walter Act no alien duty and prerogative of Congress to det~r­ dorsed the McCarran-Walter version as the is inadmissible solely because of race, and mine policy and make the laws, and despite only ·fair and reasonable solution of the quotas are available for all the peoples of the fact that this new act provides for the problem of racial ineligibles. the world. Some have charged. that the creation of a Joint Committee on Immigra­ It was urged by some that we pool unused quota system militates against Catholics tion and Nationality Policy to make a con­ quotas and apportion them to low-quota and Jews, but this is not so. Between 1920 tinuing study of our immigration and na­ countries. L'et me point out, however, that and 1950, 5,670,679 immigrants entered the tionality problems and policies. No measure the pooling of unused quotas would be in United States. The largest number were which has been passed by Congress in recent direct conflict with . the national origins from Canada (1,204,760) and Latin Amer~ca years has received more attention, more hard quota principle, which is the foundation. of (1,026,797). Many Canadians are Catholl_c; work, more thoughtfulness, more study, or practically all Latin Americans are Ca~hollp. has been the concern of more interested gov­ our protective immigration sy~tem, and V.:hich seeks to maintain the relative composition From European countries the largest Immi­ ernmental and nongovernmental agencies of our population. The effect of pooling un­ gration was in this order: Germany, Italy, and individuals than this Immigration and used quotas would be not only to increase Great Britain, Ireland, Poland, Czechoslo­ Nationality Act. We realized that such an substantially the number of_aliens coming to vakia, Sweden, France. Four of these are intensive study of so technical a subject the United States for permanent residence Catholic countries, and none of the others comes very seldom-the last one was in but would, in the course of a generation or is wholly, some not even predominantly, 1911-so no avenue was left unexplored, no so, tend to change the ethnic and cultural Protestant. Jews immigrated on all quotas, idea was discarded without serious thought. composition of this Nation. Much has been not being classed as a separate nation. In I believe that this Nation is the last hope -said about it being the duty of our country no year were the Jews -less than 3.3 percent of western civilization and if this oasis of the to open wider and wider the gates in order of all immigrants; and after 1933 they rose world shall be overrun, perverted, contami­ to alleviate the surplus population of the from constituting 10.28 percent of all immi­ nated or destroyed, then the last flickering overpopulated countries of the world. I in­ grants to 52.3 percent in 1939; 52.20 percent light of humanity will be extinguished. I sist, however, that an immigration and na­ in 1940; 45 percent in 1941; 36 percent in take no issue with those who would praise tionality code is not the proper vehicle for 1942. Half of all the world's Jews now live the contributions which have been made to the solution of the surplus population prob­ in the United States and Canada, with the our society by people of many races, of varied lems of the world. Other means should be overwhelming majority being in the United creeds and colors. America is indeed a join­ utilized, and are being utilized, to find a States. There is, therefore, not the slightest ing together of many streams which go to solution to the problem of overpopulation of substance for the charge that the national form a mighty river which we call the Amer- Europe. I do not know what the answer to quota system has had anti-Semitic or anti­ . ican way. However, we have in the United this vital world problem may be, but I do Catholic applications. States today hard core indigestible blocs know that the answer will not be found Never before have our nationality and who have not become integrated into the naturalization laws been integrated with our through the destruction of our own immigra­ American way of life but which, on the tion system. immigration laws, as is the case in this new contrary, are its deadly enemies. Today as act. Race is eliminated as a bar to naturali­ Another significant change made by the never before untold millions are storming our zation. No one who has been lawfully ad­ gates for . admission and those gates are new act is the removal of discriminations mitted to this country for permanent resi­ based on sex. Certain of its provisions would cracking under the strain. The solution of dence will be denied the privilege of citizen­ the problems of Europe and Asia will not permit American women citizens to bring ship solely because of his race. their alien husbands to this country as non­ come through a transplanting of those prob­ Other significant provisions of the natural­ lems en masse to the United States. A solu­ quota immigrants, and enable alien hus­ ization part of this act 'Qroaden and redefine bands of resident women aliens to come in tion remains possible only if America is the exceptions to expatriation by residence maintained strong and free; only if our in­ under a quota in a preferred status. Under abroad of a naturalized citizen. These ex­ the old law men were accorded favored treat­ stitutions, our way of life, are preserved by ceptions are designed to meet more realistic­ those who are part and parcel of that way ment, so that a wife's status could not be ally the varied problems which arise in con­ used to enhance the husband's chances of of life so that· America may lead the world nection with those citizens who have bona in a way dedicated to the worth and dignity keeping the family together. That is no fide reasons for foreign residence. longer the case: For example, under pre­ of the human soul. I do not intend to be vious law a wife from a low-quota country It has been suggested that we treat the prophetic, but if the enemies of this legisla­ could accompany her husband from a high­ Communists too harshly in the new Immigra­ tion succeed in riddling it to pieces, or in tion Act. Frankly, they are accorded the type amending it beyond recognition, they will quota country and was chargeable to the of treatment deserved by traitors to this nigh quota. But it did not work the other have contributed more to promote this Na­ country, which is what they are. If anyone way around. If the wife wer~ from the high­ tion's downfall than any other group since in this land of ours still doubts that the we achieved our independence as a nation. quota country and the husband from the Communist Party of the United States is part low-quota country, he could not accompany and parcel of the international Communist her on the high quota. The new act changes conspiracy, he has only to read the Federal that, so that the husband from the low­ Bureau of Investigation's Documentary RECOMMENDATIONS OF NATIONAL quota country can accompany his wife from LABOR RELATIONS BOARD the high-quota country. And, under this Proof on the subject, and the conclusions new act stepchildren are accorded the same of the Subversive Activities Control Board. Mr. IVES. Mr. President, recently treatment as natural children for the first After 14 months of public hearings, a panel Chairman Paul M. Herzog, of the Na­ time in the history of our immigration laws. of the Subversive Activities Control Board found that the United States Communist tional Labor .Relations Board, appeared One of the most significant changes made Party was directed, dominated, and con­ before the House Committee on Educa­ by the new act is the introduction of a prin­ trolled by the Soviet Union, and that it tion and Labor and made a statement ciple of selectivity into our quota system. should register with the Attorney General which is worthy of thoughtful . consid­ Under this provision, 50 percent of each under the provisions of the Internal Security quota is allocated to aliens whose services eration by all who are interested in Act of 1950. Such registration would force labor-management relations. Without are needed in this country because of their the Communist Party not only to reveal its special knowledge or skills. . secret membership lists, but also to open its at this time going into its substance or This new act also revises those provisions propaganda and financial activities to Fed­ even the recommendations it contains. of the law relating to the qualitative grounds eral scrutiny and control. The panel's deci­ I would call to the attention of the Con­ for exclusion of aliens so that the criminal sion asserted that the Communist Party lives gress two editorials concerning this and immoral classes, the subversives and for the day when it can install a dictatorship statement, which appeared in the Feb­ other undesirables can be excluded from ad- of the proletariat in the United States. • .• • . ruary 26 issues of the New York Times 1953 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 1519 and the Washington Evening Star. At National Labor Relations Board has made bassador Extraordinary and Plenipoten­ this point in my remarks, I .ask to have such a request before the House Labor Com­ tiary of the United States of America to printed in the body of the RECORD the mittee, which is studying proposed changes Italy. texts of the New York Times editorial in the Taft-Hartley law. Mr. Herzog believes that the Federal Government, through the Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, as Chair­ entitled "NLRB's Case" and the Wash­ NLRB, is concerning itself with many labor­ man of the Committee on Foreign Rela­ ington Evening Star editorial entitled management disputes that the States could tions, I desire to make a few remarks in "Give the States a Chance." handle more effectively and more expedi­ regard to the nomination of Mrs. Clare There being no objection, the edito­ tiously. Boothe Luce, of Connecticut, to be Am­ rials were ~rdered to be printed in the The NLRB Chairman complained, specifi­ bassador to Italy. RECORD, as follows: cally, about a provision of the present act Mrs. Luce has had a long and varied . [From the New York Times of February which has prevented the Federal Board from career in journalism, in the theater, and 26, 1953] waiving jurisdiction in favor of State agen­ cies in cases that have little national signifi­ in politics. She is a former member of NLRB's CASE cance. Section 10 of the law authorizes such the House of Representatives, where The· testimony of Paul M. Herzog, Chair­ waivers, but under conditions which have she served from 1943 to 1947, and she man of the National Labor Relations Board, proved to be a complete block to any cession has written and spoken a great deal on before the House Committee on Education of cases to State agencies. This section em­ public issues. Her views are well known. and Labor was a well-balanced presentation powers the NLRB to cede to State authorities Mrs. Luce appeared at -an executive of the Board's administration of the Taft­ any local case that can be handled under a Hartley Act. It merits the careful considera­ State law not "inconsistent" with the Fed­ hearing of the Foreign Relations Com­ tion of Congress. Particularly is this true eral law. The trouble with the restriction, mittee February 17. On February 24, because, as Mr. Herzog pointed out, congres­ Mr. Herzog said, is that no State has a labor the committee voted unanimously tore­ sional intent is not clear in some of the law's law that seems to meet the condition. Con­ port her nomination favorably to the provisions, which can be construed in several sequently, no NLRB cases have been referred Senate. ways. to State boards since 1947. Mrs. Luce is familiar with It!llY a'hd The Board proposes, among other things, "We believe," Mr. Herzog told the commit­ she speaks the Italian language. She that the non-Communist oath for · union tees, "that the NLRB has more than enough has in the past made broadcasts for the leaders be discarded and that the problem to do, without dissipating it s energies upon of communism in unions be turned over to predominantly local controversies where, Voice of America in Italian directed some outside tribunal such as the Subver­ even though Federal jurisdiction may attach especially to Italian women. She told sive Activities Board. But on disputed in­ as a matter of constitutional law, the impact the committee that, in her opinion, "an terpretations nf the law itself Congress can­ upon interstate commerce is negligible in American Ambassador abrqad is a rep­ not expect the Board to offer a unanimous practice; that the States should not be in­ resentative of all the people to all the remedy, since on these matters the Board hibited from experimenting with labor rela­ people of the country to whfch he goes, would obviously split, as it has, when specific tions legislation where local enterprises are regardless of party or class or creed, and cases involving the selfsame controversial concerned; and that there should no longer so while abroad I think he is both the sections have come before it. Clearly the be a no-man's land in those border-line mirror of the highest aims and aspira­ Board needs more guidance from Congress trades where the NLRB, in a spirit of self­ on its intent as to the law's provisions gov­ abnegation, declines to exercise jurisdiction tions of his country, and a window erning union-shop elections, jurisdictional but where the States do not dare proceed be­ through which our country may see what disputes, the obligation to bargain, free cause of the present limitations contained the true aims of that country are speech, and secondary boycotts. These may in section 10." abroad." appear at first thought to be technical mat­ Such a diversion of local disputes to State Mr. President, I think there is a great ters, but they go to the root of labor-man­ boards would give the Federal agency more deal to be said for that point of view. agement relations and give rise to contro­ time to devote to major cases touching the Some question has been raised about versies which entail strikes, litigation, and national interest. So would the suggested Mrs. Luce's nomination on the grounds loss of time to employers and· employees. transfer to some other Federal authority of Congress should comply with the Board's the task of dealing with the threat of com­ that it might lead to the appointment of request to free it from the statutory chains munism in labor unions. Mr. Herzog advo­ an Ambassador to the Vatican or that which now make it all but ·impossible to cated repeal of the anti-Communist oath Mrs. Luce herself might serve in a dual cede jurisdiction over local controversies to provision of the act, largely because it has· capacity. State labor boards. There is no reason why failed of its purpose of eliminating Reds I want to give the Senate categorical the Board should retain control over local from - unions. He recommended several assurance that the question of an Am­ establishments where, even though Federal "clarifications" of the present law which bassador to the Vatican is in no way in­ jurisdiction: may attach as a matter of con­ would help in enforcing it. As one who has had first-hand experience in administering volved in Mrs. Luce's nomination to be stitutional law, the impact up~m interstate Ambassador to Italy. The corps of dip­ commerce ~ negligible in practice. Indeed, the act, his suggestions should receive care­ the Board has made some progress in this ful consideration. lomats accredited to the Vatican is sep­ area, for it has voluntarily abstained fro~ ~uate and distinct from the corps ac­ assuming jurisdiction in the New York taxi EXECUTIVE SESSION credited to the Italian Government. We industry, over which it has b~en at logger­ have Mrs. Luce's own statement to the heads with the New York State Labor Rela­ Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President, I committee on this po-int as well as a tions Board. This, however, is not enough. move that the Senate proceed to the strong statement affirming her belief in Congress should permit the Board to make consideration of executive business. the deeply rooted American idea of the agreements with state labor boards to c~de The motion was agreed to; and the separation of church and state. jurisdiction over cases predominantly local Senate proceeded to the consideration in character. Whether or not the United States It is rather refreshing to hear the head of executive business. should have diplomatic representation of a Federal agency inform Congress, as at the Vatican is an entirely separate is­ Chairman Herzog did, ·that it seeks not more EXECUTIVE MESSAGE REFERRED sue which is wholly irrelevant to this power but less. The Board argues persua­ nomination as Ambassador to Italy. sively that its role should not be enlarged The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the I hope that the nomination will be "because the freedom of American employers Senate a message from the President of confirmed unanimously. and labor organizations, dealing from ap­ the United States submitting the nomi­ proximately. equal strength, to make their I attach to my statement a biograph­ own collective bargaining with a minimum nation of Harry N. Routzahn, of Ohio, ical sketch of Mrs. Clare Boothe Luce, of Government intervention still seems to to be Solicitor for the Department of which I ask to have printed at this ·point us the best road to industrial stability." Labor, which was referred to the Com­ in my remarks. The Board's record in speeding up case mittee on Labor and Public Welfare. There being no objection, the bio­ handling is commendable. In the past long The VICE PRESIDENT. If there be delays have sometimes tended to worsen labor graphical sketch was ordered to be no reports of committees, the clerk will printed in the RECORD, as follows: relations. proceed to state the nominations on the BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF MRS. CLARE BOOTHE ·[From the Washington Evening Star of Executive Calendar. LUCE February 26, 1953] Born: New York, N.Y., April 10, 1903. GIVE STATES A CHANCE DIPLOMATIC AND FOREIGN Family background: Daughter of William In these times of expanding. Government SERVICE F. and Ann (Snyder) Booth~. it is news when the h~ad of. a Federal agency Education: St. Mary's, Garden City, Long asks Congress to reduce its authority and The Chief Clerk read the nomination Island, N. Y., 191!>-17; The Castle, Tarry­ activities. Chairma::::1 Paul Iv1. Herzog, o! the of Mrs. Clare Boothe Luce to be Am.. town, N.Y., 1917-19. XCIX--96 1520 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE March 2 Marital status: Married Henry R. Luce No­ mats which existed there was a very There being no objection, the table vember 23, 1935. friendly one, and I do not want ~~ything was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, Experience: Associate editor, Vogue, 1930; to happen that may do some mJury to as follows: associate editor, Vanity Fair, 1931-32; man­ the good feeling which now exists there. Butter under price support for calendar year aging edit<;>r, 1933-34; newspaper columnist, Mr. FERGUSON. Does the Senator 1950 1934; playwright since 1935; member of 78th ask for postponement of the considera­ Pounds and 79th Congresses ( 1943-47) 4th Con­ 152,619 necticut District, Republican. tion of the nomination? Alabama------Georgia ------176, 753 Other: Author: Stuffed Shirts, 1933; Mr. JOHNSTON of South Carolina. 3,082,520 Europe in the Spring, 1940; ~lay.s: Abide The Senator from New Jersey [Mr. 1rennessee ______1,909,793 With Me; The Women, 1937; K1ss the Boys SMITH] was on the floor a few minutes 5,903,642 Goodbye, 1938; Margin for Error, 1939 .. Con­ ~~~~~i~~i======ago. IllinoisIndiana .. ______------· _ 8,271,158 tributed articles and fiction to magazmes. Mr. FERGUSONr Does the Senator 2, 831,010 . Home: Ridgefield, Conn. from South Carolina object to consider­ Iowa------· 1,243,470 Mr. JOHNSTON of South Carolina. ing the nomination at this time? Michigan------· 1,557,125 OhiO------5;095,962 Mr. President, at the last call of th.e ~x­ Mr. JOHNSTON of South Carolina. I Oklahoma ______Texas ______229,195 ecutive Calendar I objected to consid­ realize that it is a matter for the Presi­ 47,613 ering the nomination of Mrs. Luce at dent but I did want to call the situation 203,729 l{ansas------·Missouri ______that time. The r~ason I objecte~ was very' forcefully to his attention, and the Nebraska______10,746,422 that I wanted to invite the attention_ of only way I could do so was to let it be 83,684 Minnesota ______, 11,845,535 Members on the other side of th~ aisle known how I feel with reference to it. Wisconsin ______to the serious condition we are facmg at 55,679,066 So, Mr. President, if the nomination New York ______35,738 th~ present time in Italy. I was fear­ can be passed over temporarily, until the 105,581 ful, among other things that a cJ:Iange Senator from New Jersey can return to Idaho------in the Ambassadorship to Italy pnor to the floor, I think he can throw some light 1rotal ______109,210,620 the election there might cause some on the subject. disturba]lce in our relations whicJ:. mi~ht Mr. THYE. Mr. President, in the cal­ Mr. THYE. Mr. President, I should endar year 1950, 19 States delivered but­ affect the election in the wrong direction like to ask unanimous consent to oe for us. That was the reason I objected ter to the Commodity Credit Corporation recognized for a few minutes. in the total amount of 109,210,620 pounds at that time. Since then I have talked Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President, we with some of the Members, and I should which went to the Corporation. In the might take up the supplemental ap­ year 1952 there were 12 States which dis­ like to ask the Senator from Wisconsin propriation bill in legislative session. this question: Is it true that Mrs. Luce Pc;>sed of some butter to the Commodity I ask unanimous consent that the Credit Corporation. will not be sworn in until after the elec­ nomination of Mrs. Clare Boothe Luce tion in Italy? . I shall not burden the Senate by read­ be placed at the foot of the list of nomi­ ing the names of all those States, but I Mr. WILEY. I have heard rumors to nations on the Executive Calendar, and that effect. I should like to say, in rela­ ask unanimous consent that a table en­ that we proceed with the other nomina­ titled "Butter Under Price Support for tion to the fear expressed by the Senator tions. from South Carolina, that, knowing Mrs. the Calendar Year 1952" be printed at Luce as I do, and having known J:er for The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob­ this point in the RECORD. quite a number of years-as a girl she jection, the nomination of Mrs. Clare There being no objection, the table used to visit in my own State, and I have Boothe Luce will be placed at the foot of was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, the list of nominations on the Executive as follows: met her, of course, on the platform-! Calendar. think, if her nomination were confir~ed Butter under price support for calendar year at this time, with her wonderfu~ abillty 1952 to sell a bill of goods for Amenca, she PRICE SUPPORT FOR BUTTER AT 90 Pounds would do a grand job. . PERCENT OI" PARITY Illinois------·---­ 4,514,942 I may say, Mr. President, that there Iovva------~ 1,520,448 Mr. THYE. Mr. President, I feel that Jrentucky ______was some talk in the committee to the Ohio ______:: ______. ___ _ 137,500 I should make a few remarks in sup­ 480,408 effect-it was very indefinite, and per­ Oklahoma ______282,567 haps the Senator from Michigan [Mr. port of Secretary Benson's announ~e­ Kansas ______ment that he intends to support dairy 670,597 FERGUSON] can enlighten me-that her Missouri------2,689,198 appointment was to be deferred until products at 90 percent of parity for Nebraska ______the next year, following the expiration 914,060 May. . Minnesota------~------3,161,492 Mr. JOHNSTON of South Carolina. of the present order, which will .expire North Dakota______.:_ __ 813,483 on April 1. Tennessee ______171,736 That was the understanding I received Wisconsin_.,. ______from some Members on the other side In order that we may have a complete 708, 193 of the aisle. I talked with the Senator understanding of the price-support pro­ from New Jersey [Mr. SMITH], and he gram as it related to dairy products in 1rotal------16,064,627 said he thought it was going to be post­ the past several years, I should like to Mr. THYE. Mr. President, in the poned until after the election in :::taly. invite the attention of the Senate to the months of January and February of Mr. WILEY. I have no definite in­ fact that a surplus of butter exists all 1953 70 million pounds of butter were formation on the subject. over the Nation; it is not confined to purchased under the so-called price­ only 1 or 2 or 3 States. As an indication support program. This is under a sup­ Mr. JOHNSTON of South Carolina. of that I call attention to the fact that Would the Senator from Michigan mind port of· 90 percent, as announced by M!· in the calendar year 1950 the Commodity Brannan, the previous Secretary of Agri­ passing this nomination over until the Credit Corporation received from the Senator from New Jersey [Mr. SMITH] culture. State of Alabama 152,619 pounds of Mr. President, there must be a support can return to the floor of the Senate and butter. answer my quest~::m? program for dairy products or perishable Georgia delivered to the Commodity Mr. FERGUSON. I shall endeavor to products if there is to be a support pro­ ascertain the facts from the State De­ Credit Corporation 176,753 pounds of gram ·on feed crops, such as corn, feed butter. . wheat and cottonseed meal, a product partment. I have no personal knowl­ Kentucky delivered to the Commodity of high protein, and which the dairy edge as to when she will take office. I Credit Corporation 3,082,520 pounds of producer must purchase. Cotton itself understand that that is entirely up to butter. is under a 90-percent support program. the President of the United States. I shall not burden the Senate wi.th Another item is flaxseed, from which is Mr. JOHNSTON of South Carolina. I reading all the figures, but I ask unani­ derived flaxseed meal. All the high­ know that is true. In the latter part of mous consent that the table showing the protein feed which goes inii? the da~ry last November I visited Italy and found situation may be printed in the RECORD ration used for the productiOn of milk that the relationship with our diplo- at this point in my remarks. is under a support program. 1953 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENA~E 1521 I believe Secretary of Agriculture Ben­ Mr. THYE. I am happy to yield to 85 percent of parity, or from 30 to 40 son was entirely justified in his an­ the- Senator from North Dakota. cents a bushel below 90-percent support. nounced support of 90 percent for dairy Mr. LANGER. Is not that situation for most of the time during the last products for the year commencing April analogous to what happened after World 8 months. Even corn is selling far below 1, 1953. War I? At that time the prices of all 90-percent supports. So I think that It was expected that reactions to Sec· farm products dropped, but everything part of his statement was not quite retary Benson's a "lnouncement of· the which farmers bought remained high, or accurate. dairy support level would be varied. As declined only one index point, with the Mr. THYE. May I ask to whom the might have been· expected, metropolitan exception of copper. Senator from North Dakota is referring newspapers apparently have chosen to. Mr. THYE. The Senator from North when he says the statement is not quite take the Secretary to task for deciding Dakota has asked a very pertinent ques­ accurate? that supports for dairy products should tion. I wish to read figures showing the Mr. YOUNG. I refer to Secretary be continued for a year at 90 percent of percentage of total national income to Benson, not to the able Senator from parity. I refer to an article written by persons living on farms over a period of Minnesota. Mr. Aubrey Graves, and published in the years in order to show treRds and how Mr. THYE. . Mr. President, I was very Washington Post of February 28, 1953. the income of farmers in relation to careful in developing these figures, and That article was not one which enlight· national economy is reflected. I was ready to defend my figures if ened anybody. It caused a great· Lookin·g at a tabulation over a period necessary. amount of confusion. I was indeed of years, we find that of the total na­ If agricultural prices are allowed to happy when, as of this date, March 2, tional income, the farmer received, in slide to too low a level, we can rest as­ 1953, the Post printed an editorial on the the calendar year 1912, 13.7 percent. In sured that such prices will ultimately be same subject that was far more enlight· the calendar year 1917 he received 16.5 reflected in the entire nationa! economy. ening, ani did the consumer, as well as percent, and that was at a time when That is as certain as that night follows the producer, much good, because it the United States economy was relatively day. clarified a very highly technical and con. high, not only for the farmer but also When we go back over the figures we fused question. for the worker, whether he was a fac­ see ·that in 1932 the farmers' share of the However, attention should be called to tory worker, a professional man, or a national income was 5.5 percent. That the fact -ljhat the price-support level will businessman. . was the beginning of the depression of be approximately. 2 cents a . pound less In 1922 the percentage dropped to the 1930's. In the calendar year 1952 the than it has been during the past year. 8 percent. That was the beg'inning of farmers' share of the national income and that the purchase of butter will be a recession that affected not only the was only 6.4 percent. That is a danger on the basing-point method, using the farmer but affected also the entire signal, and we had better recognize it as New York, Chicago, Seattle, and San economy of the United States. Members of Congress. Therefore, we Francisco terminal markets, with appro­ In 1927 the farmer's income in rela­ had better commend the Secretary of priate differentials at other points in the tion to the total national income was Agriculture for having announced 90 country. Butter has been purchased at 8.2 percent. In 1932 it dropped to percent support on butter, rather than a uniform price throughout the country, 5.5 percent of the national income. That write articles ·Such as the one to which which in effect meant that the Commod·. was the beginning of the depression of I referred earlier, in which Mr. Aubrey ity Credit Corporation paid the freight the early 1930's. Graves used such language as this: · and certain other costs. This is not to In 1937 the percentage had risen to be done in this calendar year. 8.8 percent, and in 1942 to· 9.1 percent. Benson's failure to drop the support level came as a shock following his recent St. Paul The position of butterfat prices with In 1947 it had risen to 9 percent, and speech. relation to the feed costs of dairy farmers in 1952 it had dropped to 6.4 percent. should also be noted. In other words, the recession felt in It was that article which led me to· do The parity ratio for all farm commodi· agricultural areas of the Nation today is some searching into the facts and figures. ties declined 1 point between Janu· reflecting a recession that commenced If we permit ourselves to be beclouded ary 15 and February 15, 1953, from in the calendar year 1951 and carried in our thinking with regard to the farm· 95 to 94 percent, while the ratio stood itself through 1952. We are now feel­ support program, to the point'where the at 100 percent in February 1952. Stated ing the effects of that recession as of Secretary of Agriculture is not supported in another way, prices received by farm­ 1953; and unless we can support agri­ when he takes a sound stand, some day ers declined 9 percent from February cultural prices to maintain a sort of we shall waken to find a national depres­ 1952 to February 1953, while prices they stable price level, tnere will be a reces­ sion on our hands which will lead to a paid declined much less; in fact. they sion which will have its reflex beyond serious situation, and it will be most dif­ declined only 2.8 percent. the boundaries of the farm eco:r;10my. It ficult to bring the Nation out of it. For Mr. President, this is a factor which w,ill reach into the cities and factory that reason, today I am defending the we must recognize and reckon with. We centers of the Nation. Secretary of Agriculture because, as I cannot allow the income of the farmer Mr. YOUNG. Mr. President, will the stated earlier, butter surpluses come to decline t"apidly, while his operating Senator yield? from every section of the United States­ costs remain on the high level which in­ Mr. THYE. I yield to the junior Sen· not only from Tennessee, but from the flationary conditions in the economy of ator from North Dakota. New England area. They are not con­ the Nation have brought about in the Mr. YOUNG. I want to commend the fined to the· midwestern section. There past 18 months. able Senator from Minnesota on an ex· are times in the year when butter s.ur­ Therefore, if there is to be a stable cellent speech in behalf of 90-percent pluses necessarily exist if we are to have economy in the United States, it will be supports for butterfat. In view of all a sufficient amount of fluid milk to meet necessary to support farm prices and ·to the facts, I do not think the Secretary the consumers' needs in the summer, keep them somewhere in line with the of Agriculture could have taken any when the milk supply is at a low volume producer's expense and keep the agri· other course. However, I do take excep. and when the consumption is exceeding­ cultural economy in balance with the tion to some of his excuses for the ly high. I refer to the consumption of national economy; otherwise there will 90-percent supports. I do not think any fluid milk as well as butter fat which be chaos in the ·entire economy of the excuses were necessary. For example, goes into ice cream. If we are to have United States. Not only will the earn· he ties his reasons for dairy supports an ample supply of fluid milk for the ings of farmers be affected, but a decline closely to 90-percent supports for basic months of August, September, and Octo­ in their income will be reflected through. farm commodities. There is some rela· ber, we · shall have butter surpluses out every category of the economy of the tion, of course, but not nearly as much throughout the winter months and the Nation and will ultimately reach con~ as he indicates. For example, there is early spring months of the year. Such sumers, as well as persons employed ill no price support on pasture, which is a a surplus exists now. Therefore, the factories and the white-collar group em· large part of the feed supply for cattle. Secretary of Agriculture could do noth~ ployed in. offices. · There is no support on hay or on en­ ing other than step in and buy the sur­ Mr. LANGER. ·Mr. President, will the silage. Oat supports are 8.5 percent of plus butter which was being offered. As Senator yield? parity. Wheat has been selling at 82 to soon as we have gone through the month 1522. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE March .2 of March, I am confident that we shall "'Retail dairies, stores, and consumers can · selves to a program requiring less govern­ more actively promote the sale of milk and mental aid. see a smaller amount of butter offered Jnilk products. Mr. Benson spoke euphemistically, how­ to the Commodity Credit Corporation. "There are other adjustments which the ever, when he said that the high supports, if once we get past the period involved industry can make to reduce the accumu­ continued, will price butter right out of the. in the announcement of 90 percent sup­ lation of surplus dairy products. market. Report§ of butter consumption vis a ports a year ago, which period expires "The United States Department of Agri­ vis that of margarine show that a whole­ on Apri11 of this year, we shall find that culture has offered to help and the assist­ sale change in eating habits has long since the amount of butter offered to the Com­ ance of the agricultural colleges, experiment occurred. Millions of Americans, whatever modity Credit Corporation will be less, stations, and extension services can be de­ their personal tastes, prefer to buy margarine pended upon." at 30 cents instead of butter ~t 75. because the announced support price, at "Dairy farmers and dairy industry leader­ Dairymen theinSelves, despite the pressure 90 percent represents a return for butter ship has a major challenge," continued Sec­ of their lobbyists, must recognize that there 2 cents less than the price for the previ­ retary Benson. "We believe they will put the is something criminally wasteful in the gov­ ous calendar year, even though the Sec­ dairy business on a more solid basis-with ernmental purchase of 2 million pounds of retary announces supports at 90 percent, a minimum dependence on price supports. butter a day for storage, and perhaps event­ because the parity ratio will bring 2 cents They have asked for time--we have agreed. ual dumping. What is happening is a re­ a pound less for butter under the new Now we will all pitch in to get the job done.'' alignment of ·values on dairy products. The executive order than under the Executive Such price support operations as are use of skim milk is on the upswing, and needed will be carried out through offers to vegetable oils have supplanted higher priced order of a year ago. purchase butter, cheese, and nonfat dry butterfat for many uses. Possibly this means Prices for butterfat and cream aver­ milk solids. higher ultimate prices for fluid milk and aged only 66.8 cents a pound in mid­ Purchases of butter will be made on a lower prices for butterfat. Lower prices for February. This was 1% cents less than "basing point" method, using the four ter­ butterfat might, in turn, restore some of its the price a month earlier, and 16.1 cents Ininal markets of New York, Chicago, Seattle, popularity. Mr. Benson needs to remind the less than the price a year earlier, or a and San Francisco, with appropriate differ­ dairy industry continually during the next decrease of 19.4 percent, compared with entials at other points in the country. This year that the basic adjustment cannot take a decrease of only 6 percent in feed will be a change from the present policy un­ place until the price-support system is der which butter has been purchased at a changed to facilitate production, not for the prices. Government, but for the market. Secretary Benson followed the only uniform price throughout the country. The drop in the parity formula will re­ Mr. THYE. I say further that we, as logical course in extending support duce the butter price support about 2 cents prices for dairy products at 90 percent per pound. Members of Congress, must watch the of parity for another year. In my opin­ Program details, which otherwise will be trend, not only of our agricultural econ­ ion, this is not inconsistent with his generally comparable with those of present omy, but of our entire national econ­ statement made at St. Paul. operations, will be announced by the Com­ omy. If we fail to do so, and if one seg­ Mr. President, for the REcoRD, at this modity Credit Corporation. ment is thrown out. of balance with re­ point I ask to have printed as a part of Mr. THYE. Mr. President, I also ask spect to others, it will be a matter of my remarks a two-page release issued by unanimous consent to have printed in only a short time until there will be the office of the Secretary of Agricul­ the RECORD at this point as a part of my chaos, which will be drastically r-eflected ture on February 27, 1953. remarks an editorial which was pub­ in our entire national economy. I stand There being no objection, the release in full agreement with the announced lished in today's issue of the Washington support, at 90 percent, for dairy prod­ was. ordered to be printed in the RECORD1 Post. It is an excellent editorial, which as follows: ucts for the next 12 months, commencing greatly clarifies the situation. April 1, as .contained in the order issued SECRETARY BENSON ANNOUNCES 1953-54 DAIRY There being no objection, the edito­ by the Secretary of Agriculture last SUPPORT LEVEL rial was ordered to be printed in the REc­ week. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT ORD, as follows: OF AGRICULTURE, Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I wish to DILEMMA IN DAIRY . SUPPORTS OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, make a few comments with regard to a Washington, February 27, 1953 Agriculture Secretary Benson is wise to certain nomination on the · Executive · Dairy pr9duct prices will be supported at plan a . series of talks over the country to Calendar. I will be unabl~ to be present 90 percent of parity for another year be­ explain his views on farm-price supports. It when it is taken up for discussion this . ginning April 1, according to the announce­ is apparent that those views have been dis­ afternoon. . ment made today by Secretary of Agricul­ torted by persons who see in any suggestion ture, Ezra Taft Benson. for change in the system of rigid high price In order that I may catch a train at This decision follows the recommendation supports an attempt to undermine American 3 o'clock, I ask unanimous consent that of the Dairy Advisory Group, congressional agriculture. What amounts almost to a cam­ I be excused from further attendance leaders, !arm leaders, and others who have paign of fearmongering has arisen-fear, not upon sessions of the Senate until I re­ been consulted. of what has happened, but of what might turn from the trip which I am about to "A primary reason for continuing the happen. If Mr. Benson can get his essentially take. maximum support allowed by the law," ac­ moderate position across to responsible farm cording to Secretary Benson, "was assurance audiences, we surmise that many of those The PRESIDING OFFICER. With­ from the dairy advisers that the industry fears will be quieted. out objection, it is so ordered. would immediately start work on programs In this connection Mr. Benson's decision Mr. MORSE. Let me say facetiously to reduce to a minimum governmental sup­ to continue dairy price supports at 90 per­ and good naturedly that the Republican port purchases. The year will give the in­ cent of parity, while disappointing to con­ speakers in support of Secretary Benson dustry time to demonstrate to what degree sumers, ought to reassure farmers that pol­ ·ought to get together. Their signals it can solve its own probleinS. icy changes will not be precipitate. Whether "Here is one of the great agricultural in­ or not to lower dairy supports to 85 or 80 seem to be crossed. I think it would dustries," said Benson, "that has told us they percent would have been a most difficult de­ make rather humorous reading to read want time to get programs into operation. cision, and Mr. Benson would have invited th.e speech of the Senator from New We know the important dairy industry does criticism either way. In view of the huge Hampshire [Mr. BRIDGEs] last week, and not want to depend on Government price governmental stocks of butter-89 Inillion then read the comments of the Senator supports. The farm and dairy leadership pounds-a~ well as of cheese, his own dis­ from Minnesota today, and try to fol­ now has the opportunity to demonstrate position must have been to drop the support low the time clock of the Department what teamwork will accomplish." level. A representative work conference includ­ But a drop in the dairy support level, at of Agriculture. I think they ought to get ing farmers and leaders of their organiza­ tpe same time that supports on feed grains together if they are really going to pre­ tions, processors, distributors, retailers, and remain pegged by law at 9Q percent through sent a united front in· the agriculture consumers will be called together at once. 1954, would have put a squeeze on d airy picture, because if I ever listened to two Each segment of the dairy industry will be farmers. Incidentally, a major reason for the inconsistent speeches, I have heard them asked to send representatives prepared to alarm over falling beef cattle prices is the assume definite responsibility for a portion fact that, whereas cattle prices are not sup:­ from these two distinguished leaders of of the solution of the dairy problems. Sec­ ported, feed prices are pegged. · Here is a the Republican Party. retary Benson said, for example, "Dairy farm­ classic example of the way in which rigid Now, Mr. President, I should like to ers can shift more rapidly to fluid milk sales supports upset the economy. Faced with mak.e a few comments on another sub­ and away from butterfat. mandatory grain supports, Mr. Benson made "Milk companies can move more milk from a practical compromise. Dairymen are as­ ject. butter-producing areas into regions needing sured 90 percent support for another year, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The fluid milk. . but they have clear warning to adjust them- Senator from Oregon has the floor. 1953 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE / 1523 NOMINATION OF JAMES H. The appointee also has some interests FEDERAL CIVIL DEFENSE DOUGLAS, JR., TO BE UNDER SEC· and royalties in oil well enterprises-which ADMINISTRATION RETARY OF THE AIR FORCE do not refine petroleum products, but The legislative clerk read the nom­ sell to refineries. The discussion in the ination of Val Peterson to be Federal Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I wish to committee was to the effect that it has make a few comments on the nomination Civil Defense Administrator. adopted the rule that Defense Depart­ The nomination was confirmed. of James H.-Douglas, Jr., to be Under ment appointees should divest them· Secretary of the Air Force, which nomi· selves of refining company stock, but not nation will be under consideration later producing company stock. The ra.;;. ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES this afternoon. At that tim,e I shall not tionale is that the latter would not deal The legislative clerk proceeded to be present to ·register my vote against with defense-procurement agencies. I his nomination, so I wish to announce read sundry nominations in the Army think it is a remarkable rationale, but of the United States. at_this time that, if present, I would vote · clearly unsound. In my opinion, there against it and ·to make certain com· Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, is a very direct rela tion.Ship between the I ask unanimous consent that all the ments as a result of my study of the oil industry as such and the procure· record of the Armed Service Commit­ nominations in the armed services listed ment of oil by the Defense Establish.;. on the Executive Calendar be confirmed tee. ment. I believe the kind-of interest Mr. en bloc. · Mr. Douglas' nomination was favorably Douglas has is one -that should have . The PRESIDING OFFICER. With· reported last Friday, and is on the cal­ been gone into more carefully than the out objection, the nominations in the endar for today. He is a Chicago at­ transcript of the hearings shows was Army, National Guard, Air Force, and. torney. He has stock holdings which the case. · Navy are confirmed en bloc. run into hundreds of thousands of dol­ The record discloses that petroleum lars. A complete list is available from procurement for all the military services the Armed Services Committee. The is handled by the Armed Services Pe­ -SUNDRY APPOINTMENTS AND PRO- committee requested that Douglas divest troleum Purchasing Agency. There is -MOTIONS IN THE ARMED SERV. himself of 800 shares of Phillips Petro-: an Air Force representative on the ICES leum stock and 145 shares of Texas Gulf Agency, but he is not .within the Office­ Producing. Douglas agreed to do so. of the Under Secretary. However, . he Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, The transcript shows that Douglas I ask unanimous consent that the nom­ does not work in a vacuum. Nor would inations lying on the table, referred to has 400 shaFes of Seaboard Oil of Dela~ the proposed Under Secretary work in a at the bottom of the Executive Calendar, ware. The· record shows that members vacuum. They all work together in the of the committee discussed this subject, be considered at this time. Department of the Air ·Force. To say Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, may I and were not sure whether or not the that because the Under Secretary him· inquire what nominations are now being company is a refining company. They self does not sit on the procurement considered? did not seem to be able to reach an agency, or that the officer who does sit Mr. SALTONSTALL. I will say to the agreement on that ·point. · on the procurement agency representing Senator from Mississippi that nomina. Not being a member of the committee, the Air Force does not work within the tions of 5,500 junior officers were . re· I tnust judge from what is in the record. Office of the Under Secretary, is a great ported to the Senate on Friday. On ob· As I gather from the'record, some mem· charge on the credulity of the Members jection of the Senator from Oregon [Mr. bers of the corrimittee felt that if this of the Senate, if the conclusion the com· MoRsEl, they were laid over until today. was a refining company Douglas should mittee thinks we ought to draw is that Mr. STENNIS. I have no objection. get rid of his shares in it. Mr. Douglas therefore-there could not possibly be any The PRESIDING OFFICER. With­ was not present at this hearing in order question of influence that would seep out objection, the sundry appointments to· clear up this -matter. So far as the through the Air Force Department be· in the Regular Army, sundry appoint­ record shows, this discussion was left cause of the position of the Under Secre· ments and promotions in the Air Force, unresolved·. So we still do· not know. tary of the Air Force. .They work shoul· and sundry appointments in the Navy, Even if we wish to accept as sound the der to shoulder. They are parties in which were reported favorably ·by the criterion of ·· the ·Armed ·Services Com­ interest. One would expect that to ·be Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. SAL- . mittee, which I think is a very fallacious the fact in any kind of team work. TONSTALLl on behalf of the Committee criterion, namely, the distinction be· At the outset of the hearing Mr. on Armed Services on February 27, 1953, tween a refining company and a pro· Douglas stated that he would resign all are confirmed en bloc. ducing·company, as a basis for determin· his directorships, including that in the ing whether br not a nominee should American Air Lines, if his nomina.tion be required to sell his shares, we can­ is confirmed. I compliment him on that DIPLOMATIC AND FOREIGN not tell from the record the breed of great concession, but I wish the RECORD SERVICE his stocks. · · · to show that if a yea-and-nay vote were The Senate resumed the consideration Douglas is a cotrustee of several trusts, held on the nomination-and I do not of the nomination of Mrs. Clare Boothe including that -of his father's estate, in think one will be held-! would vote Luce to be Ambassador Extraordinary which the mother has a life interest. against confirmation. I would · vote and Plenipotentiary of the United He and his brother will share equally against it because I do not believe that States of America to Italy. upon· her death. It was stated that this the record shows that Mr. Douglas ha.S The PRESIDING OFFICER. The trust has diversified stockholdings, but b~en cleared of an affinity of interest any question is, Will the Senate advise and no description was made beyond Doug~ more than Wilson, Kyes, Talbott, OJ:.' consent to this nomination? las' statement .that the trust does not other nominees, whose nominations, in Mr. JOHNSTON of South Carolina. hold aircraft or airline shares. my opinion, for important positions in Mr. President, I should like to make As a lawyer I know it is elementary the Defense Establishment; should never clear to the Senate that my request on that when one is trying to find the facts have been confirmed, because they have Friday that consideration of the nomi· he - does not stop with the. witness' interests which are in potential conflict nation of Mrs. Clare Boothe Luce, of statement as to what the facts are. In with the public interest. Connecticut, be held over until today wa.S my judgment, if one is carrying .out his not, by any means, motivated by doubt trust as a member of. the committee, he as to the personal integrity and ability ought to determine exactly wl;lat these DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE . of the lady from Connecticut. stocks are. Simply to accept tl:le state· The .legislative clerk read the nom­ Rather, it was the result of a recent nient that they are not aircraft or air· ination of James H. Douglas, Jr., to be visit to Italy where I found that Ambas­ line shares-which is all the record Under Secretary of the Air Force. sador Bunker had performed a remarka­ shows-certainly is not sufficient for me The .PRESIDING OFFICER ehalf of veterans in their States awaiting State boundary is an imaginary line eral Accounting Otnce or provided by law) medical service can be duplicated in prac­ which should not be in effect where Fed­ and such additional sums due to increases tically every State in the country where more eral funds are to be used. The test in rates of exchange as may be necessary to than 21,000 eligible applicant veterans are should be reasonable commuting dis­ pay claims in foreign currency: Provided, waiting to get into hospitals and more than tances to the plant, in order that all That no judgment herein appropriated for 289,000 applications are pending for out­ communities may be treated equally. shall be paid u:otil it shall have become final patient dental treatment, more than 2¥2 and conclusive against the United States by times as many as there were last year. Will Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, will the failure of the parties to appeal or otherwise: appreciate your entering this message in your Senator yield? Provided further, That, unless otherwise committee hearings record. Mr. BRIDGES. I yield. specifically required by law or by the judg­ BERNARD WEITZER, Mr. TAFT. I . want to call attention ment, payment of interest wherever appro­ National Legislative Director. to one matter only. This proviso ap­ priated for herein shall not continue for plies not only to this fiscal year but to more than 30 days after the date of approval The PRESIDING OFFICER. The · the succeeding fiscal year. The matter of this act. committee amendments have now been agreed to, and the bill is open to further dealt with here will require the passage The amendment was agreed to. . amendment. this year of another school act-an The next amendment was, on page 20, Mr. BRIDGES. Mr. President, under authorization act, as I remember. Con­ line 18, after the word "Chapter", to authorization of the Appropriations sequently, Senators should closely watch strike out "IX" and insert "XI." Committee, and in conformity with a to see that that act does not repeal this The amendment was agreed to. notice given in proper time for the sub­ provision for the succeeding' fiscal year. The next amendment was, under the mission of an amendment, I now send I only want to call attention to the fact heading "General proyisions", on page to the desk an amendment which I ask that the Senate may later supersede 20, line 20, to change the section number to have stated. .what is being done here for the next from "901" to "1101." The PRESIDING OFFICER. The fiscal year. I have no objection to in­ The amendment was agreed to. amendment will be stated. cluding it in this bill, but it should be The next amendment was, on page 22, The LEGISLATIVE CL.ERK. On page 11, covered by permanent legislation. line 3, to change the section number from in line 18, before the period, it is proposed Mr. BRIDGES. I thank the Senator "902" to "1102." to insert a colon and the following: from Ohio for his contribution to the The amendment was agreed to. "Provided, That for the fiscal year be­ discussion regarding this particular Mr. HILL. Mr. President, I should ·ginning July 1, 1952, and for the suc­ amendment. I should be glad to pro­ like to state to the distinguished chair­ ceeding fiscal year, each local educa­ ceed to explain the amendment at some man of the Appropriations Committee, tional agency of a State, which provides length, if desired, but I know that all the .Senator from New Hampshire, that free public education during such year members of the Appropriations Commit­ I have before me a letter from Mr. Ber­ for children who reside with a parent tee understand it. From my talks with nard Weitzer, national legislative direc­ employed on Federal property situated most of the other Members of the Sen­ tor of the Jewish War Veterans of the within reasonable· commuting distance ate, I judge that they, too, understand it. United States. · With the letter he has from th~ school district of such agency It is a fair approach to correct an in­ ·sent me a copy of a telegram, which but not within the same State, shall equality which prevails at the present I have since submitted to the Senator he entitled to payments under the pro­ time. from New Hampshire. The telegram re­ visions of section 3 (b) of Public Law Mr. CLEMENTS. Mr. President, will lates to appropriations for the Veterans' 874, 81st Congress, with respect to such the Senator yield? Administration. I am not sure whether children in the same manner as if such Mr. BRIDGES. I yield to the Senator the telegram was placed -in the record Federal property were situated in the from Kentucky. of the hearings before the Appropria­ same State as such agency." Mr. CLEMENTS. Is it not a fact that tions Committee. Mr. ROBERTSON. Mr. President, will a good many States of the Union are Mr. BRIDG~S. Let me say that the the Senator from New Hampshire yield affected by this provision? telegram came in after the· hearings were to me? Mr. BRIDGES. Yes. About 15 States concluded. Mr. BRIDGES. I yield. are affected by it. I have in my hand a Mr. HILL. I assume that the chair­ Mr. ROBERTSON. Is it not true that list of the States that will be affected. man of the committee will have no ob­ our committee was unanimous in au­ They are Maine, New Hampshire, South jection to having the telegram placed at thorizing the Senator from New Hamp­ Carolina, Georgia, Virginia, Maryland, this point in the RECORD; is that correct? shire to submit the amendment? Iowa, Illinois, Texas, Arkansas, Penn• Mr. BRIDGES. I have no objection. · Mr. BRIDGES. That is true. sylvania; Kentucky, Tennessee, Indiana, Mr. HILL. Then, Mr. President, I Mr. ROBERTSON. The amendment South Dakota, and Nebraska. There now ask unanimous consent to have would add nothing to the total amount may be others, but this is the number . printed at this point in the RECORD the to be appropriated, but would facili­ we have been advised are currently faced telegram to which I have referred. tate greatly the attainment of the objec­ with the problem we seek to correct. There being no objection, the telegram tive of giving some help to such areas, The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob· was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, regardless of whether the children live in jection, the amendment is agreed to. as follows: Virginia, the District of Columbia, Mas­ Mr. HAYDEN. ·Mr. President, I sub­ Hon. STYLES BRIDGES, _sachusetts, New Hampshire, or else­ mit an amendment, which I send to the Chairman, Senate Appropriations Com­ desk and ask to have read. mittee, The Capitol, Washington, D. C.: where. In any event, the purpose is to On behalf of Jewish War Veterans of the have them receive the aid Congress in­ The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk United States of America, I respectfully urge tended they should receive. will state the amendment. you support full supplemental appropriation Mr. BRIDGES. Yes. The amend­ The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. On page 14, requested in Veterans' Administration ap­ ment is based on the assumption-! may after line 4, it is proposed to insert the proved by Budget Bureau $15,886,000 for say, in connection with what the distin­ following: administration finance contact service voca­ guished Senator from Virginia has ' BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS tional rehabilitation and education loan guarantee program and medical services plus said-that these are Federal funds, and CONSTRUCTION $10 million additional for medical services. if they are used for school purposes in Notwithstanding the prohibition against Appropriations cuts in past years have al­ areas where a great Federal project is the purchase of land from appropriations for ready seriously eroded the VA medical serv­ in existence, the expenditure of the construction, Bureau of Indian Affairs, con­ ices and staff leading to thousands of un­ funds should not be limited by State tained ln the act of July 9; 1952, Public Law usable hospital beds and ca.using deaths and Jines. For example, let us say there is 470, 82d Congress, 2d session, the Sec­ dangerous hruodships to veterans entitled by a large plant in Virginia or perhaps in .retary of the Interior is authorized to pur­ law to medical treatment. The appropria­ chase from said appropriation not to exceed tions suggested above are urgent now and Indiana--! remember one in Indiana­ 1,500 acres of nonreservation lands in Ari­ correction in the 1954 budget will not undo and let us assume that some of the per­ zona, and necessary rights-of-way and ease­ the further ruination of' the medical services sons working in the plant live in Ken­ ments required !or the enlargement of the and the contact service which present cuts tucky--or vice versa. Under the law Picacho Reservoir of the San Carlos Indian will inflict. Contact service is the essential which has been in effect, they must live irrigation project, and approximately 5 acres 1528 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - ·SENATE March 2 of allotted Indian lands within the Yakima PICACHO RESERVOIR, ARIZ. about 3,000 acre-feet. The reservoir is ex- . Indian Reservation, Wash., for use of the Now: this $17,500,000 was left for alloca­ tremely important to the operation of the Wapato irrigation project. tion by the Secretary of the Interior and project, the conservation of water, and the in the order of priority which he established. protection of the ·surrounding area· from Mr. HAYDEN. Mr. President, this $300,000 was allocated for improvement of damage in the time of seasonal freshets and amendment involves no increase in ap. what is known as the Picacho Reservoir, in storms. propriations. Last year in the Depart· connection with flood control and irrigation "All of the lands proposed for purchase ment of· the Interior appropriation bill on the San Carlos project in Arizona. are above the high-water line of the present there was appropriated for the Bureau It now appears that the $300,000 cannot reservoir. It is estimated that it will be of Indian Affairs, $17,500,000 for con· be expended for the acquisition Of land necessary to purchase 1,154.5 acres at the struction of various Indian irrigation which would be flooded by reason of the following estimated costs: increase in the size of the reservoir. It also 864 acres desert land at $50 per projects. There was included in the is true that in the State of Washington acre ______$43,200 appropriation bill the customary Ian· there is need to acquire a small tract of land 290.5 acres cultivated land at $300 guage, that no part of the sum should be inside of an Indian reservation. · per acre______87, 150 expended for the acquisition of land AMENDMENT OFFERED within the States of Arizona, California, Total, 1,154.5 acres ______130, 350 What I desire to do, Mr. Chairman, is to Colorado, New Mexico, South Dakota. offer a legislative amendment and have it "The allotted Indian lands within the Utah, and Wyoming, outside the bound­ printed in the record at this time which will Yakima Reservation, Wash., are required for aries of existing Indian reservations, and modify legislative limitations that I have a pumping-plant site and operator's quarters that no part of the appropriation should cited. I want to include in the record a for the Wapato irrigation project within the be used for the the acquisition of land statement as to just exactly what was ex­ Yakima Indian Reservation. The purchase or water rights within the States of Ne­ pected to be done in each case, and the cost is estimated at $500." vada, Oregon, and Washington, either justification for the proposed amendment. Senator HAYDEN. I next insert a statement inside or outside the boundaries of ex· Chairman BRIDGES. You may include that made by Mr. C. A. Anderson, district engi­ in the record. neer of the San Carlos Irrigation and Drain­ isting reservations. (The amendment referred to follows:) age District. When we made the appropriation we "On page 8 after line 4 in H. R. 3053, as re­ (The statement referr-ed to follows:) did not have that provision in mind. ported to the House, insert the following: There was an allocation of $300,000 for "STATEMENT OF C. A. ANDERSON, DISTRICT EN• "'BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS CONSTRUCTION . GINEER, SAN CARLOS IRRIGATION AND DRAIN• the improvement of the San Carlos In~ AGE DISTRICT, CoOLIDGE, ARIZ. dian irrigation project in Arizona. But "' 'Notwithstanding the prohibition against the purchase of land from appropriations for "The district I represent is a part of the it cannot be used, because the improve· · Construction, Bureau of Indian Affairs, con­ San Carlos Federal irrigation project which ment would result in flooding certain tained in the Act of July 9, 1952, Public Law comprises an area of 100,000 acres of irri­ lands, principally desert lands which had 470, Eighty-second Congress, Second Session, _ gated land, located in central Arizona about been acquired. The same thing is true the Secretary of the Interior is authorized midway between· the cities of Phoenix and with respect to a pumping plant to be to purchase from said appropriation not to Tucson. One-half the area within the proj­ located on the Yakima Indian Reserva· exceed fifteen hundred acres of nonreserva­ ect is Indian land, property of the Pima In­ tion in the State of Washington. It is tion lands in Arizona, and necessary rights­ dians, who were engaged in agriculture there a small tract, but the title must be passed of-way and easements required for the en­ before the white man first came to explore largement of the p_icacho Reservoir of the the area some 300 years ago. The remaining from the Indians to the United States, San Carlos Indian irrigation project, and ap­ half, or 50,000 acres, of the project is owned for the purpose of building the power· proximately five acres of allotted Indian and operated by white farmers, and this area plant. This amendrrent merely makes lands within the Yakima Indian Reservation, comprises the San Sarlos Irrigation and it possible to do what the Congress in· Washington, for use of the Wapato irrigation Drainage District. tended should be done at the last session. project.' "The works of the project were constructed "JUSTIFICATION For the information of the conferees, I pursuant to the act of June 7~ 1924 ( 43 Stat. ask unanimous consent to have included "'The purchases proposed will be made out 475). These works were placed into opera­ in the RECORD at this point in my re­ of funds appropriated by the said act for the tion about the year 1931, and the area has Ihterior Department for the fiscal year end­ enjoyed the economic benefit and growth re­ marks a complete statement regarding ing June 30, 1953. Under the provisions of sulting from the development since that this matter, which appears at page 277 the act, however,. the San Carlos. irrigation time. of the hearings. project cannot use the funds to purchase the "A repayment contract between the Secre­ The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob­ lands necessary for the enlargement of the tary and the San Carlos Irrigation and Drain­ jection? reservoir because of specific limitations con­ age District was entered into in June 1931. There being no objection, the state­ tained in the act. It is provided therein that Under its terms the program of operation no part of the funds appropriated for the and maintenance is defined as are the obli­ ment was ordered to be printed in the construction of irrigation projects shall be gations of the district for the repayment of REcORD, as follows: · used for· the acquisition of lands within the reimbursable construction costs on an an­ INTERIOR DEPARTMENT States of Arizona, California, Colorado, New nual basis. BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS Mexico, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming "Because of the extensive Indian interest outside of the boundaries of existing Indian involved, the San Carlos project was con· Senator HAYDEN. Mr. Chairman, in the reservations, and that no part of the ap­ Interior Department appropriation btll last structed by the Indian Service and the De-· propriation shall be used for the acquisition partment, through the omce of Indian year, under "Construction, Bureau of In­ of land or water rights within the States of dian Affairs," there is a provision: Nevada, Oregon, and Washington, either in­ Affairs, still retains control and management "For construction, major repair, and im­ side or outside the boundaries of existing of the principal project works. provement of irrigation and power systems, reservations. "PICACHO RESERVOm PROJECT buildings, utilities, roads and trails, and "The lands needed for the enlargement of other facilities; acquisition of lands and in­ "Picacho Reservoir is a small storage res­ the Picacho Reservoir in Arizona, approxi­ ervoir located at the eastern edge of the terests in lands; preparation of lands for mately 1,155 acres, are outside of l,l.ny Indian farming; and architectural and engineering reservation. The San Carlos irrigation proj­ project area and adjacent to the main canal. services by contract; to remain available ect was constructed under the act of Con­ It serves two important purposes: (1) To until expended; $17,500,000 of which $1,380,- gress approved June 7, 1924 ( 43 Stat. 475). capture and store unregulated fioodwaters 000 is for liquidation of obligations incurred The Picacho Reservoir, originally con­ which would otherwise -.. e lost for irrigatio:1. pursuant to authority previously granted." structed by the water users about 1892, is use; and (2) to regulate or make uniform There are two provisos: used to impound floodwaters of the Gila and the fiow in a main canal which conducts "Provided, That no part of the sum herein San Pedro Rivers, and the surrounding areas water for some 40 miles, feeding project lat­ appropriated shall be used for the acquisi­ west of the Picacho Mountains, for irrigation erals along its course. ' tion of land within the States of Arizona, purposes. . The reservoir provides storage "The reservoir has been in operation for California, Colorado, New Mexico, South regulation and water distribution ·service for soJ.Die 60 years. It was originally constructed Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming outside of the the San Carlos prqject and protects a fertile boundaries of existing Indian reservations: farm area from possible damages resulting and used by settlers in the valley before the Provided further, That no part of this ap­ from flood runoff, which, during storm pe­ project was built. It was then taken over by propriation shall be used for the acquisition riods in the area, has, at times, exceeded the the Government as a part of the San Carlos of land or water rights within the States of capacity of the reservoir. As. a result of silt project works. Silt-laden :floodwaters im­ Nevada, Oregon, and Washington either in­ deposits, the reservoir capacity has decreased pounded there from time to time have caused side or outside the boundaries of existing over the years from that of approximately the storage space to gradually become smaller. reservations... 15,000 acre-feet to a present capacity of At the pre~nt time the area is practically 1953 CONG.E.ESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 1529 level with the top of the confining embank­ tinue without control to cause damage to 3,000,00() are ·allotted $39,540 as r. base. ment. As a consequence the :floodwaters improved areas below." I confess I have never been able to which form a part of the commqn project Senator .HAYDEN. In addition to Mr. An­ supply can no longer be impounded or reg­ derson's statement, I desire to have included fathom the intricacies of all the addi­ ulated and lll'Ust run to waste if storage space in the record data that he has submitted, tions to the formula . by which that is not restored. Moreover, the loss of flood showing who owns the lands that are to be amount is spelled out, because it must storage c'apacity presents an annual threat acquired, and the nature of the lands, take into account nearly every legisla­ of :flood damage to areas below the reservoir whether cultivated or desert, together with tive proposal touching the salaries of because, if no detention is provided, such certain data that he has prepared in con- clerical assistants which at one time or :floodwaters will unquestionably run over - nection with it. another is enacted. and past the former storage site and con- (The material referred to follows: ) The next category covers States With San Carlos project-Summary of lands or rights-of-way required .for reconstruction and populations of from 3 to 5 million; enlargement of Picacho Reservoir the third, States having · populations of from 5 to 10 million; and then those [Section numbers referred to .in the following tabulation are sections 25 and 36, township 6 south, ran~e 8 east; sections 30 !illd 31, township 6 sonth, range 9 east; sections 1 a~d 2, township 7 south, range 8 east; and sections 6, township having more than 10 million. I happen 7 south, range 9 east, all G . and 8. R. B. and M., AriZOna] to come .from a State that has a popu­ lation of more than 9 million. The Acres required Patented or population of New Mexico is 1 million; ~ec. No. Owner of record 1----.----.------1 State (un­ that of New York is in excess of 14 mil­ Cultivated Desert Total patented) lion, or 4 millior. more than the top figure. ____ .,. ______31.1 Patented. The fact of the matter is, Mr. Presi­ ------67.4 Do. dent, that I find myself iri the very un­ 46.6 73.6 State. 240. 5 280.5 Do. happy fix of being unable to compete 100.7 140. 7 Do. wi~h the House of Representatives when 80.0 80.0 Do. 140.5 140.5 P~t.ented . it comes to hiring clerical assistants; nor 148.0 148.0 Do. can I compete with the governmental 79. 6 150.1 Do. f\8. 0 ·82. 5 Do. agencies downtown. Sometimes when a 00.1 90. 1 Do. very able person comes forward-a per­ 50.0 50.0 Do. son who might well serve in my office­ Totals (from preliminary surveys) ------1290.5 '1,044.0 I 1,334. 5 and I suggest what is the maximum sal­ ary I can pay, it is not acceptable, and t During 1952, followin g sur~eys, cultivated area wa£ enlarged somewtat in SE~ sec. I. This appears to be about I discover that I cannot compete with liO acres additional. Hence total cultivated area is now estimated at total of 340.5 acres. the agencies of the executive branch. 2 Actual high-water line of new reservoir is estimated from surveys to cover new desert areas to the extent of approx­ imately 864 acres. It may be necessary to purchase additional fractions to subdivision lines, amounting to about There is one other factor involved, 180 acres. Therefore total estimated desert area is 1,044 (864 plus 180) acres. which affects particularly those States NOTES ON TABULATION OF AREAS, PICACHO RESERVOIR that are most remote from the District Acres of Columbia. I refer to the fact that there is no provision today for a trans­ :fg~ :~ :~~~~t~~nl~(l{State)::======:~:: J portation allowance for clerks. I think 1, 334.5 the Members from California would like to give employment to persons from Estimate of cost of acquiring lands (from Indian Service preliminary report): 864 acres dE'sert land at $50 ...... $43,200 their State, yet we all know that the 290.5 acres cultivated land at $300 .. ------87,150 transportation costs are heavy, indeed, and when the California Members can­ Total estimate for purchase· of right-'Of-way ------130,350 It is believed that, if found necessary to purchase a total of 340.5 acres of cultivated land and 1,04~ acres ~f ~esert not offer enough, it simply means tbey land as indicated in the tabulation and explained by the notes above, such total areas can be obtamed Within the cannot compete with others who might $130,350 shown in the above estimate. engage the services of such persons. Mr. CORDON. Mr. President, will used to attain the desired objective Speaking as one whose State is in the the Senator yield? · should be given more study. It was sug­ category of large States, I simply say to · Mr. HAYDEN. I yield to the Senator gested that the sponsor or sponsors of the Senate that I need more help. I from Oregon. such amendment confer with the chair­ cannot go on forever working the life Mr. CORDON. As one who· has man and members of.the legislative sub­ out of my staff. They start earlY and worked long in this particular vineyard committee of the Committee on Appro­ work until 6 or 7 o'clock at night. - They with the Senator from Arizona, I desire priations, to see whether they could work on Saturdays and Sundays. I to add my word to his with respect to agree on a formula for increased cleri­ bought portable typewriters for some of the amendment he has-just offered. I cal staffs prior to the consideration of them so they could work at home, for think the amendment is in the public the next supplemental or regular appro~ which they receive no extra compensa­ interest, and that the particular excep­ priation bill. Such action will postpone tion. I have procured for them the tion, or the two exceptions from the pro­ the date of this· relief, and it might im­ number of electric typewriters the rule hibition, should be made. It will be very pose a burden on Senators. I desired will allow. It becomes a tremendous helpful to the Indians in question, and it to offer that explanation. I see in the chore to take care of the mail. It is not is absolutely necessary if the construc­ Senate Chamber the very able and dis­ so heavy as it was, but in 1951, in a single tion projects are to go forward. tinguished Senator from Illinois [Mr. day, more than 6,000 first-class letters . The VICE PRESIDENT.· The ques­ DIRKSEN], who was one of the sponsors reached my ofilce. They must be an­ . tion is on agreeing to the amendment of this provision, and I shall defer to him swered. The people are entitled to a offered by the Senator from .Arizona if he cares to add anything to this response from one who represents them · [Mr. HAYDEN]. explanation. · in the Senate or in the House of Repre­ The amendment was agreed to. Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. President, I sentatives. Mr. BRIDGES. Mr. President, in this raised the question; indeed, as a matter Mr. THYE. Mr. President, will the bill there was one item relating to clerk of fact, it was raised in a number of con­ Senator from Illinois yield? hire about which there was some ques­ ferences long before the matter was pre­ Mr. DIRKSEN. I yield: tion particularly from Senators of States sented to the Appropriations Committee. Mr. THYE. Mr. President, the cost of with large populations. Some of. the Senators from States with large popula­ transportation of an employee is so -Senators from large States are paying tions, particularly populations that are clearly a serious problem with which money out of their own pockets for vocal and· are given to writing letters, are in the unhappy position of having many of us are faced that I cannot help clerical hire in order to carry· their offi­ but comment on that particular phase cial load. · This condition should not put upon them an undue burden. I am prevail, and so far as I am concerned, I frank to confess that I am in that un­ of the Senator's statement. The cost of think the Senate should take steps to happy fix. transportation by plane from the city of remedy it. However, the other day at The formula by which we operate now St. Paul, or the city of Minneapolis, to ' the committee meetings, in marking up is broken ,up into three categories: First, Washington is approximately $122.02. this bill, it was felt that the formula States with· a population of less than We cannot recruit workers from such an 1530 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. SENATE March 2 area without some kind of travel allow- . that if we had to wait .until the 30th of ing populations of about 250,000 whose ance, because they would expect to go June it would not become effective in Senators draw the same amount received back home at least once a year to see time to be of any assistance. If we were by those of my State. It can readily be their parents and their friends. In the to move up by successive stages, 1 million seen that that is not a correct alloca­ case of a far western State, such as Cali- at a time, 2 to 3, 3 to 4, 4 to 5, then up tion. There ought to be a committee fornia or Oregon, to which the fare is in to 9, and then to 10, and jump by a giving this matter special attention and excess of $300, and no allowance· is stated amount of $3,000 in every cate­ careful study. If that is not done, we granted for travel expenses, it is impos- gory, that would give $3,000 for every will have a great many headaches in the sible to recruit workers from such locali- additional 1 million persons. .- future. ties. Most of the time we have to take Some States may be able to get by Mr. BRIDGES. Mr. President, I wish employees who offer themselves from the with the amount of clerical help they to assure the distinguished Senator from District of Columbia. have at the present time; but I find great Illinois, the distinguished Senator from Mr. DIRKSEN. The Senator from difficulty. There is a city in Illinois with South Carolina, and other .Senators who Minnesota has placed his finger on the a population of more than 3% million may be interested, that, so far as I am point. A Senator would like to favor persons, but I can take only 1 person concer:aed, as chairman of the Commit­ people i:p. his own State. They are fa- in the office for that large population. tee on Appropriations, insofar as I have miliar with the conditions in the State, We are confronted with enough work to it within my power to do so, I shall see whether it be in agriculture or in indus- make it entirely worthwhile to have 2 to it that the legislative subcommittee try. They know other persons there, and . or 3 and thus facilitate a great deal makes a study of the question, and that it serves a very useful purpose in a Sena- of. the work at the Nation's Capi.tal, and the full committee acts on it, in connec­ . tor's om.ce to have employees from his give more expeditious service. But that tion with the next bill in which it can own State, if possible. I am in the un- cannot be done under the formula which be appropriately included. I assume happy position, because of the limitation prevails. there will be another supplemental ap­ on clerical allowances, plus the fact that I had hoped that my idea would com­ propriation bill. The question should be there is no transportation allowance, of mend itself to the favor and the grace of considered by the legislative subcommit­ having to content myself with employing the Committee on Appropriations. tee, and something along the suggested persons who are residents of Maryland Mr. BRIDG~S. Mr. President, will lines might be included. I recognize the and Virginia. They are fine people; but the Senator from Illinois yield? problem, and I hope we may have the what kind of an explanation can we Mr. DIRKSEN. I yield. cooperation of the committee and of the make to the voters back home? I am Mr. BRIDGES. Let me say to the dis- interested Senators in solving it. free to admit that a Member of the Con- tinguished Senator from Illinois that I Mr. SALTONSTALL._ Mr. President, gress does wear a political tab, and peo- think the committee did look with favor I desire to ask the· Senator from New pie w:ant a little favor now and then, and on. the objective which he s~mght. The Hampshire a question. Has the Senator they are rightly entitled to it by every committee did favor some action along from Illinois concluded his colloquy on tradition. I have great difticulty because the lines he has indicated. No definite the subject he was discussing? of the straitjacket in which I am com- recommendation was made, but it Mr. DffiKSEN. Yes, unless the Sena­ pelled to operate. . seemed to be the prevailing view that tor has a question on the point. Mr. THYE. Mr. President, will the the legislative subcommittee· could fur- . Mr. SALTONSTALL. No; my question Senator from Illinois yield further? nish a formula and then report its find- relates to another point. Mr. DIRKSEN. I yield. ings in connection with the next· appro- Mr. BRIDGES. I yield to the Senator Mr. THYE. Another grave problem of priation bill to come before the Senate. from Massachusetts. Senators who come from far-distant The difficulty about acting on the :floor Mr. SALTONSTALL. Then, as chair­ States is that from time to time they at the moment is the haste with which man of the Subcommittee on Independ· must return to their respective States we would have to act in perfecting the ent Oftices, I should like to ask the chair­ and must take some members of their amendment. man of the full committee a question staffs with them in order to conduct their Mr. DIRKSEN. I quite agree with the with respect to the appropriation for the business properly. A year ago I was distinguished chairman of the Committee Veterans' Administration, found on page compelled to take two of the members on Appropriations. I know that one 16, line 12. Approximately $5 million of my staff and have them establish an cannot discern at a glance all the things more was asked than was allowed by the office in st. Paul. There are no allow- · that are involved, so I am generally re­ House. The Senate committee did not ances with which to pay travel expenses luctant to advance an amendment under allow it, but referred the matter to the. of those persons who must return to the such circumstances. I wish to say to my Director of th.e Budget for an opinion. States in order to staff the office we distinguished chairman that I shall with- . May I ask the chairman if any reply has establish during the time Congress is in hold the amendment in the hope that been received from the Director of the recess. by the time the next supplemental or de- Budget? There is another problem, Mr. Presi- ficiency appropriation bill is considered, Mr. BRIDGES. I may say to the dis­ dent, which apparently no one seems to there will have been an opportunity to tinguished Senator from. Massachusetts appreciate or understand, namely, that explore th~ question. that the matter was submitted to the we must ask some of our staff members Mr. President, I am going to hand this Bureau of the Budget, as the committee to give up their living quarters in the proposal in the form of an amendment to directed, but up to this moment there District of Columbia and move out to our my distinguished chairman, knowing full has been no 'reply from the Bureau. own States for a period of 3 or 4 months well that it will receive vigorous, care­ However, in my judgment, there will he and then return to Washington whe~ ful scrutiny and attention. another supplemental appropriation bill, Congress reconvenes. It involves great Mr. JOHNSTON of South Carolina. and whether the budget reports favor­ expense, and much inconvenience, but Mr. President, will the Senator yield? ably o;n the item or not, the committee · conditions are such that it is very diffi- Mr. DIRKSEN. I yield. will have an opportunity to pass on it cult to convince persons in the States Mr. JOHNSTON of South Carolina. I when that bill is considered. So the that they should come to Washington to agree with the Senator that we should matter can be considered a little later. take positions in the offices: of Senators. give a great deal of study to this partic- Mr. SALTONSTALL. But the matter Mr. DIR~EN. The distinguished ular matter. Some Senators now on the was referred to the new Director of the Senator from Minnesota is quite correct. :floor may recall that the matter was bi:!- Budget, in order to get an opinion from The formula under which we operate is fore the Committee on Post Office and him, was it not? certainly not scientific. How can we CiVil Service. That committee too did ¥r. BRIDGES. That is correct. justify a jump from a population of a great deal of investigating. 'At 'that · Mr. SALTONSTALL. I thank the 3 million to 5 million persons, when the time we found that when we jumped Sena-tor. next category is over 10 million persons? these brackets up to 3 million or a little Mr. MONRONEY. Mr. President, will We are penalized in that respect. I more, in three categories, that was the Senator yield? · worked out a formula which I thought not enough. There ought to be more of Mr. BRIDGES. I yield to the Senator was infinitely better. a breakdown. from Oklahoma. ! may say, Mr. President, that I cer- As an illustration, in my own State, Mr. MONRONEY. On page 18 of the tamly do not like to encumber a supple- the population is 2 200 000. Yet at the bill, line 14, .under the items aggregating mental appropriation bill, but I ~ow present time there are - ~ther ' States h_av.. $1,200,000,.0_00,. apparently to be appro- 1953 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· SENATE 1531 priated to make up an increase for the Committee on· Appropriations is saying the method proposed is the best way of military forces, I read the followi~g lan­ is that ·this is a rescission, and not an policing the situation. guage: actual saving of money? Mr. ~ONRONEY. The only thing The foregoing amounts under this heading Mr. BRIDGES. No. Let me read a that worries me is what the Senator has to be derived by transfer from such appro­ statement with respect to that question just read, to the effect that it is too early priations available to the Department of De­ by Mr. Lyle S. Garlock, one of the top in the year to know. Now we are told fense for obligation during the fiscal year officials of the Department of Defense: that we are saving more than $1 billion. 1953 as may be designated by the Secretary of Defense with the approval of the Director With respect to the method of financing As I read· the bill we are not saving a of the Bureau of the Budget. proposed by the House, the Department does thin dime. We are robbing Peter to pay not object to financing the bill from funds Paul. We are meeting $1,200,000,000 I should like to ascertain from the dis- available, but we do want to point out that worth of pay due servicemen under in- tinguished chairman of the committee it is still too early in the year to determine creased allowances and pay. · which appropriations can stand these trans­ if the breakdown on page 22 of the re- On tl~e other hand, we are proposing port means that the action of the Senate fe_rtsh wthitho~tlitany substt~ntial interference to rescind or transfer some $1,043,0(}0,-· · ~ · · b'll t d d · Wl e m1 ary opera wns. In passmg this I. o ay means re uc~ng so if this committee agrees with the House 000. However, the chairman of the funds for the maintenance and operatiOn · action and it is understood we are to take committee does not say, and I do not be­ of the Army by $301 million; that we are the m~ney from those appropriations which lieve he can say, whether in this action taking away from the Air Force money will not cause any interference with the mill­ we are taking away, for example, $28 for planes in the amount of $295 million; tary buildup, we will concur. It is possible, million of civilian relief in Korea, or that we ·are reducing the funds for the Senator, that we might have to use some taking away from the Army some $301 Marine corps by $40 million; the amount procurement money that would have to be million. Certainly, if money which has for ships and facilities of the Navy by replaced in later years. been appropriated for the Army is not $83· million; the amount for ordnance He leaves an out for the future. used by the end of this fiscal year it will and facilities by $57 million; the amount Mr. MONRONEY. I do not think he still be available for the Army. So we for medical care for troops by $5,700,000; leaves an out; I think he leaves the door would not have to appropriate so much together with funds for other matters wide open, if this matter is to be handed money in the next defense bill. listed. to the Senate and to the country as a Mr. BRIDGES. That depends on the In other words, I should like to under- • billion dollar saving. type of the appropriation; some author­ stand whether the statement of the dis- I listened intently to the Senator as izations lapse in 1 year, some remain tinguished senior Senator from Michigan ' he read from the -report, and I under­ available uritil expended. Let me say [Mr. FERGUSON] today tha·t a saving of stood the witness to say it was far too to the -Senator from Oklahoma that more than a billion dollars is shown early to tell just what portion of these often in the past there has been a rush means that we are to eliminate funds for rescissions or transfers or manipulations by the departments to obligate and spend the acquisition of ships, ordnance, and would :.3 savings which could come b~ck money before the deadline of June 30; aircraft and for medical care, amounts in ·the form of requests for appropna­ I do not say that that has been· true in which ~ill not be restored later by the tions in other bills. I am not so familiar all cases, but I do say that there has Committee on Appropriations. with military needs as is the distin- been such a general tendency in the Mr. BRIDGES. It is my understand- guished chairman of the Committee on Federal Government. If the Congress ing that the Department of Defense and Appropriations; but when the . armed of the United States, exercising its duties its respective divisions have gone over services appropriation bill conies befo,re in the field of appropriations, can force the figures with the staff <:>f the Commit- the Senate, I should certainly be very . a department to use money previously tee on Appropriations, and also with much surprised if: the Department of appropriated to carry out an act without some members of the committee, and Defense did not ask for more money. I detriment to the general program, I the Department has given assurance that find in the report that it is proposed .to think it is sound procedure to do so: the reductions can be absorbed without transfer $57 million for ordnance faCil­ Large balances of unobligated funds the loss of effectiveness of the defense ities. Moreover, I certainly doubt that available to an agency are not conducive effort, or a reduction of any of the es- there is $40 million of fat ·in the Marine to tight economical operations. · I do sential ·aspects ~ of ·the defense program. Corps appropriation. I doubt very se­ not think the Senator has any cause for In other words, it is the understanding Hously whether there is $83 million for worry. I have never heard of damage of the committee that the funds will not ships that we can automatically wipe resulting ·by reason of a department of be replaced, and that the reductions can out and not have to replace. . the Government voluntarily giving up be absorbed without detrimentally affect.;. Mr. BRIDGES. I Will say to the dis- money. ing the defense program. tinguished Senator from Oklahoma, b~- Mr. MONRONEY. The breakdown, I Mr. MONRONEY: The Senate com- cause I know that he wants to be fair, take it, is that which is recommended 1?~ mittee having cut ·$295 million from ·Air and that he is looking for the facts, that the Department of Defense for ordnance. Force funds, some $40 million from Ma- in :ny judgment there might very well aircraft, ships, and other things which rine Corps funds, and some $57 million be that amount ~f fat that can be taken are not needed, and for which the De­ from ordnance ~ I am at a loss to under- out. It can easilY be taken out. .The partment will not need to seek new ap~ stand how we would save money, if when information conveyed to our committee propriations. the appropriation bill for the armed serv- was. that on June 30, 1952, there was ap­ Mr. BRIDGES. That is correct. The ices comes before the Senate, the $57 proximately $7 billion in complet~ly un:.. Senator will note items for retired pay. million for ordnance, and the amounts · obligated funds. . and a number of items for military per­ for airplanes and other items, will come I am in favor of adequate nation~! sonnel. The opportunity for savings back through another door when the defense, and have always been. Back I? arises because during the fiscal year time comes to appropriate. the 1930's, when many Members of this there were not the number of men in the Mr. BRIDGES. No, it is the under- body were in f.av?r of cutting ~own d~­ services contemplated when the request stahding of the committee that these fense appropnatwn~ and closmg their for appropriations was made last session. amounts will not come back through an- eyes to what was gomg on, I fought for Mr. MONRONEY. We have heard a other door, but that they are actual sav- appropriations for .national defense. I great deal about ordnance shortages. I ings. For example, as a result of goin-g have always been m favor of . adequ~te into production in. the manufacture· or· national defense. However, I thmk should not like to see the Senate take action which would cut $57 million from purchase of certain ordnance equipment, there. is a g~eat deal of v.:as~e and du­ the item of ordnance, which apparently and therefore getting lower costs, the plicatiOn which could be eh~nat~d, and Department of Defense is able to achieve I think this is one way of domg It. . is in this list. its objective at an amount lower than I cannot say to the Sena~or absolutely Mr. BRIDGES. Where does the Sen­ was requested in the previous appropria- that with respect to these Items the~­ ator see the item of ordnance? tion bill. Therefore, the surplus can be fense Department may not try t~ slip Mr. MONRONEY. On page 23 of the used for this purpose. and not detract some items in by the back door agam. I committee report. There is an item of from the original objective.· That is our would not be foolish enough to say that $57 288 000 listed under "Ordnance and understanding. - · it will not t:ry to do so. B:ut to the best faclliti~s." I cannot tell whether it is Mr. MONRONEY. In other words, of my knowledge and belief t~ese sav­ for the Marine Corps or the Navy, or what the distinguished chairman of the ings cari be absorbed, a~d I bel1eve that. both. In other words, the res?issions 1532 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE March 2 appear to me to ·come out of fighting propriated money to various people, government are greater than ever. In funds, funds for military equipment, most of them had some left over, which recent years-as Senators know-the medical care, and things of that kind, makes up this sum. With respect to the Federal Government has undergone a which we have been led to believe are $600 million, I am sure the chairman tremendous expansion in Washington. greatly needed, and represent a very im­ can give assurance that it will not be The cost of operating the city has portant part of our national defense. . necessary to replace that amount. spiraled due to inflation. With a $40 billion bill com~ng in later, Mr. BRIDGES. The distinguished In 1917 the total cost of running the I do not see how the Congress, and par­ Senator from Louisiana himself asked city of Washington was about $16 mil­ ticularly the Senate, can tell whether or the question, and received the positive lion. In 1945 the total cost had increased not such appropriation bill will carry the answer that $600 million absolutely to $70 million . . And for the fiscal year $1 billion, which we save on March 2, and would not be used. 1952 the costs climbed to $120 million. which we may find ourselves reappro­ Mr. ELLENDER. That is correct. Despite these increased demands for priating in May, or whenever .the bill Mr. BRIDGES. The committee and services, and rising costs, the Federal comes to us. witnesses then proceeded to discuss the share of the city's operating expense has Mr. BRIDGES. All I can say to the remainder of the items. If there is any dwindled to only a fraction. distinguished Senator from Oklahoma is question whatever, it applies to the re- · The record shows that the Federal that the committee will do its best to mainder of the items and not to the payment has shrunk from 50 percent to see that these items are not reappropri­ $600 rr..illion. 40 percent to 30 percent. At the present ated for through any back-door opera­ Mr. ELLENDER. That is correct. time it is less than 9 percent. This is tion. We have approached the prob­ The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill is the lowest Federal contribution toward lem in a sincere effort to attain econ­ open to further amendment. If there the operating costs of the city of Wash­ omy, bearing in mind that no Defense be no further amendment to be proposed, ington in the history of our Nation. Department official will be absolutely the question is on the engrossment of the The Federal payment is not a subsidy, positive. Defense Department officials amendments and the third reading of It is not a grant-in-aid. Rather, it is a say "probably," and Congress must make the bill. payment that the Federal Government the decision. I think the Defense De­ The amendments were ordered to be owes to the municipal government for partment officials went as far as they engrossed, and the bill to be read a services performed during the year. could in the hearings without the official third time. If we go into the history of the rela- approval of their superiors. We have The bill United States Army, for ap- to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Pleni­ : pointment as brigadier general, Veterinary District government. potentiary of the United States of America Corps, in tlie Regular Army of the United Second. It would simplify the prob­ to Italy. States, under the provisions of title V of the lems here in Congress by making un­ Officer Personnel Act of 1947. necessary the yearly controversy over D~PARTMENT OF THE Am FORCE J ames H. Douglas, Jr., of Illinois, to be NATIONAL GUARD OF THE UNITED. STATES the form and amount of Federal pay­ Under Secretary of the Air Force. The. officer named herein for appointment ment to the District; · in the National Guard of the United States FEDERAL CIVIL DEFENSE ADMINISTRATION 'Third. It would simplify the District as a Reserve commissioned officer in the Army budgeting problem by settling the role of Val Peterson, of Nebraska, to be Federal of the United States under the provisions the Federal Government in financing the Civil Defense Administrator. of the Armed Forces Reserve Act of 1952 District. The fixed ratio of 25 percent ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES (Public Law 476, 82d Cong.) and sections 38 The following-named officers for appoint­ and 73 of the National Defense Act, as would make certain for District officials amended: . the extent and character of the Federal ment to the position indicated and for appointment as lieutenant generals in the Brig. Gen . . Paul Kistler MacDonald, payment. Army of the United States under the pro­ 0296004,. to ·be brigadier general, Illinois Na­ While I am not introducing legislation visiOJ1S of sections 504 and 515 of the Officer tional Guard, to date from July 15,. 1952. at this time, I believe that the District Personnel Act of 1947: IN THE ARMY Committee should make a serious study Maj. Gen. Daniel Noce, 05226, United The. officers named herein for appointment States Army, to be the Inspector General, of the feasibility of this proposal. I am as Reserve c~mmissioned officers of the Army convinced that this proposal for a 25 per­ United States Army, with the rank of lieu­ under the provisions ·of the · Armed Forces cent payment maintains the integrity of tenant. general. Reserve Act of 1952 (Public Law 476, 82.d Maj. Gen. Alexander Russel Bolling, 07548, Cong.) :. the fiscal relationship between the Fed­ United States Army, to be commanding gen­ eral Government and the District of eral, Third Army, with the rank of lieutenant To be major generals Columbia. It insures tnat District resi­ general. Maj. Gen. Joseph Bacon Fraser, 0247121. dents and taxpayers will pay sufficient Maj. Gen. William Benjamin Kean, 012470, Maj. Gen. John Calhoun Henagan, 01639'J3, revenues for normal local operating ex­ United States Army, to be commanding gen­ Maj. Gen. Albert Edward Henderson, eral, Fifth Army, with the rank of lieutenant 0264146. penses, as do citizens in comparable general. Maj. Gen. Paul Henry Jordan, 0241877. cities. · It provides, on the other hand, Maj. Gen. Lyman Louis Lemnitzer, 012687, Maj. Gen. Edward Delvin Sirois, 0174246. that costs in excess of those normally United States Army, to be Deputy Chief of To be brigadier generals borne by residents of other large cities Staff for Plans and Research, United States Army, with the rank of lieutenant general. . Brig. Gen. Ernest Nicholas Bauman. shall not be expected of ·District resi­ Maj. Gen. William Kelly Harrison, Jr., 0262926. dents. Such excess costs shall be paid 05279, United States Army, to be deputy Brig. Gen. George Justus Hearn, 0295111. commanding general, United States Army Brig. Gen. Jesse Scott Lindsay, 0237198. for by the Federal Government as a part Brig. Gen. Julius Andres Stark, 0143760. of its normal operating expenses. This Forces, Far East, with rank of lieutenant genel"al. Brig. Gen. Charles Frederick White, is only fair and equitable. Maj. Gen. Paul Wilkins Kendall, 012199, 0285841. Mr. President, Washington is the jewel · United States Army, to be corps commander, Brig. Gen. Otis Minot Whitney, 0279172. of· American cities-the symbol of free­ with the rank of lieutenant general. The nominations. of John F. Patton et al., dom for the people of all the world. I Maj. Gen. Reuben Ellis Jenkins, 011658, for appointment in the Regular Army of the United States Army, to be corps commander, United States, . which were confirmed this hope that this year Congress will begin with the rank of lieutenant general. day, were received by "!;he Senate on January a new era in our Federal and District Maj. Gen. Isaac Davis White, 015080, Army 20, 1953, and may be found in the Senate . relations. of the United States (brigadier general, u. proceedings Of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD for I hope that it will be an era in which S. Army), to be corps commander, with the that date under the caption "Nominations," rank of lieutenant general. beginning with the name of John F. Patton, the Nation will again recognize its re­ Maj. Gen. Withers Alexander Burress, sponsibility toward Washington and act appearing on page 457, and ending with the 04812, United States Army, to be command­ name of JoeL. Youngker, which is shown on . to balance government rule with proper ing general, First Army, and senior United page 458. financial support. States Ar~y member, Military Staff Commit­ The nominations of Italo W. Daniele et tee, United Nations, with the rank of lieu­ al., Mr. President, as I stated, I have felt tenant general. for appointment in the Regular Army of the that, although I am not on the commit­ The following-named officers for tempo­ United States, which were confirmed today. tee, yet I should make this statement. rary appointment in the Army of the United were received by the Senate on February 10. I fear that we neglect our duty to the city States to the grade indicated under the pro­ 1953, and appear in full in the Senate pro­ of Washington, and have been neglect­ visions of subsection 515 (c) of the Officer ceedings Of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD for Personnel Act of 1947: that date, under the caption "Nominations,'' ing it in the past, in failing to appropri .. beginning with the name of Italo W. Daniele ate sufficient amounts to pay for the To be major generals Brig. Gen. Emerson Leroy Cummings, · which is shown on page 1011 and ending with services rendered by the city of Wash­ the name of Allan J. Francisco, which is 015500, I ington, D. C. Brig. Gen. Leslie Earl Simon, 015567. shown on the same page. Brig. Gen. Richard Clare Partridge, 012630, REGULAR Am FORCE Brig. .Gen. Haydon Lemaire Boatner ADJOURNMENT UNTIL WEDNESDAY 015641. • The following officers for appointment to Brig. Gen. Halley Grey Maddox, 012852. the positions indicated under the provisions Mr. HENDRICKSON. I move that Brig, Gen. Samuel Tankersley Wllliams of section 504, Officer Personnel Act of 1947: the Senate adjourn until12 o'clock noon OM~ . · ' Maj. Gen. David- Myron Schlatter, 62A, on Wednesday next. Brig. Gen. Arthur Gilbert Trudeau, 015513. lieutenant general, Regular Air Force, to -be The motion was agreed to; and