Magazine ^/"History SUMMER 2004
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182977.qxd 6/14/04 1:10PM Page 1 ONSIN magazine ^/"history SUMMER 2004 Infantryman in Blue Cartoons and Culture James Anderson's Civil War Letters .The Art of H. T Webster 182977.qxd 6/14/04 1:10PM Page 2 - VOTE PROGRESSIVE - Sample Ballot If you desire to voto an eiiUi-e parly ticket for sLiite. conyrGSsionsI, legislative and county offices, make a cross (X) or othor mark in the circle (0) tinder the paily dL--sii,^!iu(ioii at the head of the ballot. If you desire to vote for particular persons without regai-d to party, mark in the square at i\w r\i'\\l of the nanu'- of ilic candidate for whom you desire to vole if itbe there, or write any name that you wish to vote for, in the proper place. democracy — ^^.^^ ;„ his ero-.9n power JO ^^^ ,1 the go--'-""!r'.!i^° on the emblem ballot. The /^ . ^>,e voter is the mark -'^f^, ,v,e top of (^7^ , also test«ies to separated from the Republican Party 2. The cross al . .,^JaHh every Ame;.c_an> I^-^^-^jW- in 19J41934 and launched a new'"'"•'na ''^"•^ m the P^'"=j"^;,h certain •"- ter in both Wisconsin and created equal w' ^,^„. national political histnrv.history. The importance of the sym- : ; c»Ln-s ballot. Dois of the Progressives, from 1978.60.2 the simple yet ultimately 3. The cross s,gn o^ ^^^^^^^ ^, doom£d "X" of the official j ,,, economic P^og .^^ ^,^,^,V,„. the various roles that the various LaFolIette m£n played as governor tion. _ and U. S. senator, is the focus of 4. The emblem -P^--^^^ an article by John E. Miller. g.ni.ea act.on throug^^^^^^^^^ '°* *° rTh t will restore to . u svmbolixes unity ot 5. The -"^^r.^Zr the pn"<='P'^^ ,he nation ""j^^^^^^^-rfed we - -^"^ "M ow^'i'-'J-'* "' multipl1y an d -f/d>e •r ,V,,-,vel and d.„ e c • I A FOUETTE 182977.qxd 6/14/04 1:10PM Page 1 ">R«.xvv\o«>.oc Co. \ oVu.\v\,«,evi, C.o«v\ieiVi\j ^, 1/ 5th Ties?., ^^- ^- M. ""We Conquer or I>ie."' *^ State Historic Preservation Officer and Acting Editorial Director Michael E. Stevens Managing Editor " (IP^^^Utk^. Diane T. Drexler Associate Editor •^.^. Margaret T. Dwyer F0rever ikall it wave, our Station's ^.^..^v-^^^?"^-^^-^ Emblem, lidding defiance to Rebela and Production Manager Traitors 1 Deborah T. Johnson ^T^ia^-et-^f^ Reviews Editor Katherine Lydon Research and Editorial Assistants Brian Bengtson, Joel Heiman, John Nondorf, John Zimm Designer The AVS Group Scooters, Skates, and Dolls THE WISCONSIN MAGAZINE OF HISTORY, published quarterly, is one of the many benefits of Toys Against Delinquency in membership in the Wisconsin Historical Society. Individual memberships are $40.00 per year; senior citizen individual, $30.00; family, $50.00; senior cit Milwaukee izen family, $40.00; institutional, $65; supporting, $100; sustaining, $250; patron, $500; life (per per By Daryl Webb son), $1,000. To receive the Wisconsin l^/lagazine of History, join the Society! To join or to give a gift membership, send a check to Membership, Wisconsin Histori cal Society, 816 State Street, Madison, WI Fighting for the Cause 14 53706-1482, or call the Membership Office at 888-748-7479. You can also join via e-mail, The Rhetoric and Symbolism [email protected], or at the Society's Web site, www.wisconsinhistory.org (click on "Become a Member"). of the Wisconsin Progressive You can support other Wisconsin Historical Soci ety programs by making a donation to the Wiscon Movement sin Historical Foundation (608-264-6585). The WMH has been published quarterly since By John E. Miller 1917 by the Wisconsin Historical Society (Phone 608-264-6400). Copyright © 2004 by the State His torical Society of Wisconsin. Permission to quote or otherwise reproduce portions of this copyrighted work may be sought in writing from the publisher at A Boy from Tomahawk 26 the address above. Communication, inquiries, and manuscript submissions may also be addressed to The Everyday Wit of [email protected]. Information about the maga zine, including contributor's guidelines, sample arti cles, and an index of volume 84 can be also be H. T. Webster found at the Society's Web site by following the "Publications" link from the home page. Photographs identified with PH, WHi, or WHS are from the Society's collections; address inquiries James Anderson 36 about such photos to the Visual Materials Archivist, 14 816 State Street, Madison, WI 53706-1482. Many WHS photos are available through the Wisconsin Infantryman in Blue Historical Images digital service available on the Web site. (From the home page, click "Archives.") By Norman K. Risjord The Wisconsin Historical Society does not assume responsibility for statements made by con tributors. ISSN 0043-6543. Periodicals postage paid at Madison, WI 53706-1482. Back issues, if avail able, are $10 plus postage (888-748-7479). Micro filmed copies are available through University Editors' Choice 50 Microfilms, 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106. Curio 53 On the front cover: Caspar Milquetoast, the quin tessential "Timid Soul" and best-known creation of Where They're Going 54 cartoonist and Wisconsin native H. T. Webster. Back Matters 56 PH1301 26 VOLUME 87, NUMBER 4 / SUMMER 2004 Toys Against Delinq BvDarvl \ * ^ I ¥ m • t -zid *. f*. .'-v- •• ^•^'?' uency in IVIilwaukee Webb Courtesy of the UW-Milwaukee Golda Meir Library Archives, Serial # 29681-1 182977.qxd 6/14/04 1:11PM Page 4 WISCONSIN MAGAZINE OF HISTORY J^ crowd of eager children, about fifty boys ters as positive influences on kids. As the Great Depression M/W^ and girls, milled about the corner of Mil- took root, however, jobs for youth became almost impossible to find, and juvenile delinquency rose dramatically. Juvenile ^^•^X waukee Street and Michigan Avenue early crime rates more than doubled in the United States during J/ m\on an April morning in 1938. The young the 1930s, and a 1936 study on crime in nine middle-sized residents of this downtown neighborhood had begun to northern cities found that Milwaukee had the highest inci dences of juvenile delinquency. The following year youth arrive at the still-closed doors of the city's newest center, a crime in the city doubled.'^ place just for them, a place that held on its shelves the very But it was not the 1936 study or the statistics from 1937 that planted the seeds for the toy loan program. It was fear—fear of thing that they wished for: toys. Posters had recently what children would do with their idle hands if they had no appeared near their schools and in the local shop win toys to fill them. This fear was not based on statistics but on dows stating that here on this corner, on this day, April nine days in the autumn of 1935, and the crime spree that two Milwaukee boys went on before they met a grisly end. 11, at 8:00 AM, children could enter into this center and A bomb blast rocked the usually quiet village of Shore- emerge with a doll, a game, a baseball mitt, or other bor wood on the night of Saturday, October 26, 1935. The explo sion ripped through the suburban Milwaukee neighborhood, rowed treasure. And they were treasured, for the hardship blowing a large hole in the village hall, of the Great Depression had robbed ^^^^^^^^^ breaking windows, and rattling walls of many children of the joys of playing area homes. While police and fire Children's court officials, trucks raced to the scene, the two with even a single toy. When the bombers escaped into the fall night. doors finally opened, excited boys meanwhile, thought Nineteen-year-old Isador "Idzi" and girls rushed in and dolls, trains, Rutkowski and sixteen-year-old Paul play could help combat "Shrimp" Ghovonec had graduated toy trucks, and a host of games greet the youth crime wave. from petty thieves to teenage ed them. After they had thoroughly bombers.^ The following night, Idzi and investigated all the center's shelves, Shrimp bombed two branches of the kids checked out their selections. "Really, truly, it First Wisconsin National Bank. The attacks threw sews," one little girl commented on a toy sewing the city into a state of panic. Police officials sta tioned guards at all banks and public buildings, machine, "now I can make my doll some stepped-up patrols in the city, and called in the FBI clothes!" In the center's first three weeks, 639 to aid in the investigation. Despite these efforts, Idzi and Shrimp struck again on Halloween night. children borrowed toys.^ In an act of defiance, they bombed two police WHS Museum The significant response to this first Toy Loan 1979.64.176 precinct stations, spreading a new wave of fear Genter, and to the others that appeared in its wake, a&b through the city. The bombing campaign came to reflected the stresses that many families endured This Radio Line scooter, an end on November 3. The two boys had met at during those years of financial hardship. It was not cousin to the Radio Flyer Idzi's garage, apparently to create a more sophisti surprising to fmd such a program in Milwaukee, a wagon, is similar to the cated and powerful bomb, when something went ones loaned in community that had provided programs geared to terribly wrong. The bomb detonated. The blast Milwaukee during the toy children and family needs for over two decades. A loan pro^am's first two leveled the Rutkowski garage, literally blowing Idzi toy loan program specifically for children had hard decades.