Lincoln's Springfield Funeral: The

Home , Abraham Lincoln (Healy), Catafalque, Lincoln Catafalque, Old Bob, State House (train)

LINCOLN’S SPRINGFIELD FUNERAL

THE PHOTOGRAPHS

Spring Creek Series

Richard E. Hart

Front Cover Photograph: The North Entrance to the Illinois State House, being the entrance for the viewing of Lincoln’s body in the House of Representatives.1 Photographer: Schreiber & Glover, Ridgway Glover, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (LFS 11)

Back Cover photograph: Lincoln’s Residence Draped in Mourning - May 3 or 4, 1865.2 Photographer: John Carbutt, Chicago, Illinois. (LFS 27)

Introduction into the United States in the fifties, stereographs, as stereoscopic pictures are known, were at a high level of popularity at the time of the Lincoln funeral. It was natural, therefore, that enterprising photographers should make Springfield the subject of much activity during the first week in May, 1865.

Paul Angle3

The Photographers

President Elect Abraham Lincoln left Springfield, Illinois for Washington, D. C., on February 11, 1861. He had been elected President the previous November, and, in the intervening months, his home and his State House office were visited by many of his political allies and office seekers. I don’t believe there are any photographs of these activities nor of Lincoln’s departure from the Springfield on February 11.

____ months later, the body of Abraham Lincoln was returned to Springfield for burial4. On that occasion there were at least seven photographers who took 77 photographs of the Springfield funeral events. In addition, there are many more of related funeral events taken on the journey from Washington, D. C. to Springfield over a period of twenty days. No other event up to that time had been so photographed.

The names of the photographers and the number of photographs taken by each at the Springfield funeral is as follows:

Photographer Number of Photographs Taken

Out of Town: John Carbutt 6 Ridgway Glover 17 Samuel Montague Fassett Ira Hough 4

Springfield: C. H. Hall 1 Frederick W. Ingmire 19 A. C. Townsend 8 John Quincy Adams Tresize 5

Note About Photograph Identification and Numbering

There are a total of 77 photographs that I have characterized as related to the Lincoln Springfield funeral. To allow for easy reference and communication, each has the prefix LFS for Lincoln Funeral Springfield. In addition, each will be numbered in roughly the chronological sequence of the funeral proceedings. For example, the first photograph is designated (LFS 1).

1 The Funeral Train Arrives

THE FUNERAL TRAIN ARRIVES

This view of the Chicago & Alton Railroad Locomotive Number 58 was taken at the Chicago & Alton Railroad Depot on the Third Street tracks in Springfield on May 3 or 4, 1865. This was the engine of the Lincoln Funeral Train that brought his body to Springfield. The view looks northwest from the Depot, located on the east side of Third Street between Washington and Jefferson Streets. Photographer: John Carbutt, Chicago, Illinois.5 (LFS 1)

This is a view of the Abraham Lincoln Catafalque Car on the Third Street tracks in Springfield with Honor Guards posted at the front and rear on May 3 or 4, 1865. The last car of the Funeral Train, the Directors Car, has been removed. The car attached to the Catafalque Car is the Sleeping Car for the Veteran Reserve Guard of Escort (Honor Guards). Photographer: John Carbutt, Chicago, Illinois.6 (LFS 2)

2 The Funeral Train Arrives

This is a view of the Chicago & Alton Railroad Depot draped in mourning on the morning of May 3, 1865. The Depot was located on the east side of Third Street, between Jefferson and Washington Streets. The Funeral Train brought Lincoln’s body here. Photographer: Schreiber & Glover, Ridgway Glover, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.8 (LFS 4)

(LF 12)

3 The Funeral Train Arrives

This is a view of Adams Street looking east from the Third Street tracks on the morning of May 3, 1865. In 1841, the structure in the left middle was a boarding house known as the Globe Tavern and it is here that the various officials are shown gathered in preparation for the arrival of the Funeral Train. Photographer: Samuel Montague Fassett by Ira Hough, Chicago, Illinois.9 (LFS 5)

Principal interest here centers in the old Globe Tavern and the group of dignified gentlemen in silk hats standing on this side of the building. Two or three of them are carrying marshal’s batons, used in the various processions of the two days. It is thought that they comprised the committee of invitation and reception, appointed at a mass meeting of the Springfield citizenry held April 24. They included the following: Jesse K. Dubois, O. H. Miner, B. S. Edwards, George M. Brinkerhoff, James H. Beveridge, Col. A. Schwartz, George W. Shutt, Dr. B. F. Stephenson, O. M. Hatch, Sharon Tyndale, William H. Herndon, William Jayne, H. G. Reynolds, Thomas J. Dennis, Robert Rudolph, Gen. M. K. Anderson.

The Globe Tavern [had] evidently been selected as their meeting place for the morning of May 3, before proceeding to the Alton depot to meet the Funeral Train. Black crepe may be noted on the front of the Tavern and on the buildings farther to the east, up toward the Public Square, two blocks distant. The last building seen on the left side, across the Square was the Converse Building. The large structure looming up on the right was the old Bunn’s Bank Building. It had been raining and the “rigs” had been following the ruts of the single vehicle tracks.10

4 The Funeral Train Arrives

This is a view of the Springfield Funeral Carriage loaned by a gentleman from St. Louis for the Funeral. Photographer: Samuel Montague Fassett by Ira Hough, Chicago, Illinois.11 (LFS 6)

Illinois State Arsenal at 430 North Fifth Street between Mason and _____at Springfield decorated in mourning. Circa May 4, 1865. Photographer: A. C. Townsend, Springfield, Illinois.12 (LFS 7)

5 The State House

THE STATE HOUSE

NORTH ENTRANCE

This is a view of the North Entrance to the Illinois State House draped in mourning - May 1865. The photographer was looking southeastward from an upper floor of the building located at Fifth and Washington Streets. Photographer: Frederick W. Ingmire, Springfield, Illinois.13 (LFS 8)

This is a view of the North Entrance to the Illinois State House draped in mourning - May 1865. The photographer was looking southeastward from street level on Washington Street just east of Fifth Street. Lincoln’s body was taken into the State House through this entrance. Photographer Unknown.14 (LFS 9)

6 The State House

This is a view of the North Entrance to the Illinois State House draped in mourning - May 1865. The photographer was looking southwestward from an upper floor of the building located at Sixth and Washington Streets at the Mourning Arch at Sixth and Washington Streets where people entered a line for viewing Lincoln’s body. Photographer Unknown. 15 (LFS 10)

This is a view of mourners in line on the sidewalk into the North Entrance to the Illinois State House, being the entrance for the viewing of Lincoln’s body in the House of Representatives. The photograph was taken from the sidewalk as it approaches the steps to the North Entrance looking north to the arch at the entry to the State House grounds with the facades of the buildings on Washington Street in the background. Photographer: Schreiber & Glover, Ridgway Glover, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.16 (LFS 11)

7 The State House

This is a stereoview of the Catafalque in the House of Representative in the State House at Springfield. The man sitting on the steps is not identified. It is mounted on a light gray card with the backmark J. Q. A. Tresize of Zanesville, Ohio.17 (LFS 12) Photographer: John Quincy Adams Tresize, Zanesville, Ohio and later Springfield, Illinois.

This is a photograph of the Bier in the Catafalque in the House of Representative in the State House. Photographer: Schreiber & Glover, Ridgway Glover, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.18 (LFS 13)

8 The State House SOUTH ENTRANCE

This is a stereoview of the south entrance to the State House showing people as they leave after viewing Lincoln’s body and some standing outside the fence on Adams Street. The stereoview is titled “Passing Out of the State House After Seeing the Corpse.” The photographer took this picture from an upper floor of the building opposite the south entrance of the State House on the south side of Adams and the Public Square. Photographer: Schreiber & Glover, Ridgway Glover, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.19 (LFS 14)

This is a view of the South Entrance to the Illinois State House draped in mourning - May 1865. The photographer was looking northeastward from the upper floor of a building at the southwest corner of Fifth and Adams Streets. Photographer: Unknown.20 (LFS 15)

9 The State House

This is a view of the South Entrance to the Illinois State House draped in mourning - May 1865. The photographer was looking northwestward from the upper floor of a building at the southeast corner of Sixth and Adams Streets. Photographer: Frederick W. Ingmire, Springfield, Illinois.22 (LFS 17)

10 The Lincoln Home THE LINCOLN HOME

EARLY DECORATION

This photograph of the Lincoln Home was taken shortly after Lincoln’s death on April 15, 1865. The photographer was standing at the corner opposite the Lincoln Home at Eighth and Jackson Streets. The home had been decorated very modestly by the current residents, the Tiltons. Photographers: Goodshaw & Howell.23 (LFS 18)

11 The Lincoln Home

LATER DECORATION

The City of Springfield provided elaborate decorations for the Lincoln home. Ropes of evergreens hung at the corners of the house and created an arch over the front gate. Black flags and curtains, accented with white ribbon, were placed at each window, and festoons and rosettes covered the cornice near the roof. The photographs below show the more elaborate mourning decorations of the Lincoln Home. The photograph on the left must have been taken before the house was entirely decorated as the panels below the windows have not yet been installed. They are installed, however, in the photograph on the right.

This photograph of the Lincoln Home in mourning was taken after Lincoln’s death on April 15, 1865. The photograph was taken from the second story of the Dean House looking southeastward across Eighth Street at the Lincoln Home now decorated in a more elaborate manner than the earlier two photographs, but still missing the panels beneath the second story windows. Those gathered are not identified. Photographer: Frederick W. Ingmire, Springfield, Illinois.25 (LFS 20)

The photograph was taken from the second story of the Dean House looking southeastward across Eighth Street at the Lincoln Home now decorated in a more elaborate manner than the earlier two photographs, but still missing the panels

12 The Lincoln Home beneath the second story windows. Those gathered are not identified. Photographer: Frederick W. Ingmire, Springfield, Illinois.26 (LFS 21) FINAL DECORATION

This photograph of the Lincoln Home was taken after Lincoln’s death on April 15, 1865. The photographer was standing at the corner opposite the Lincoln Home at Eighth and Jackson Streets. The home had been decorated in mourning including the panels below the second story windows. The trees have more leaves than in the prior photographs. Photographer: Samuel Montague Fassett by Ira Hough, Chicago, Illinois.27 (LFS 22)

This photograph of the Lincoln Home was taken after Lincoln’s death on April 15, 1865. The photographer was standing at the corner opposite the Lincoln Home at Eighth and Jackson Streets. The home had been decorated in mourning including the panels below the second story windows. The trees have more leaves than in the prior photographs. The people are not identified. Photographer: John Carbutt, Chicago, Illinois.28 (LFS 23)

13 The Lincoln Home

This photograph of the Lincoln Home was taken after Lincoln’s death on April 15, 1865. The photographer was standing at the corner opposite the Lincoln Home at Eighth and Jackson Streets. The home had been decorated in mourning including the panels below three of the sixth second story windows. The trees now have more leaves than in earlier photographs. Photographer: A. C. Townsend, Springfield, Illinois.30 (LFS 25)

14 The Lincoln Home

This photograph of the Lincoln Home was taken after Lincoln’s death on April 15, 1865. The photographer was standing at the corner opposite the Lincoln Home at Eighth and Jackson Streets. The home had been decorated in mourning including the panels below all of the second story windows. The trees have more leaves than in earlier photographs. For the first time an American flag can be seen to the right of the front door. Photographer: A. C. Townsend, Springfield, Illinois.31 (LFS 26)

This photograph of the Lincoln Home was taken after Lincoln’s death on April 15, 1865. The photographer was standing at the corner opposite the Lincoln Home at Eighth and Jackson Streets. The home had been decorated in mourning including the panels below the second story windows. The people are not identified. The American flag can be seen to the right of the front door. Photographer: Unknown.32 (LFS 27)

15 The Lincoln Home

This photograph of the Lincoln Home was taken after Lincoln’s death on April 15, 1865. The photographer was standing at the corner opposite the Lincoln Home at Eighth and Jackson Streets. The home had been decorated in mourning including the panels below the second story windows. Neither the people nor the horse are identified. The American flag can be seen to the right of the front door. The fence gate to the back porch and door is open. Photographer: Unknown. (Probably John Quincy Adams Tresize, Springfield Illinois.)33 (LFS 28)

This photograph of the Lincoln Home was taken after Lincoln’s death on April 15, 1865. The photographer was standing at the corner opposite the Lincoln Home at Eighth and Jackson Streets. The home had been decorated in mourning including the panels below the second story windows. The people are not identified. The American flag can be seen to the right of the front door. The fence gate to the back porch and door is open. Photographer: John Quincy Adams Tresize, Springfield, Illinois.34 (LFS 29)

16 The Lincoln Home

The Chicago Delegation at Abraham Lincoln’s Home in Springfield - May 4, 1865. Photographer: Samuel Montague Fassett by Ira Hogh, Chicago, Illinois.35 (LFS 30)

Mourners Outside Abraham Lincoln’s Home in Springfield - May 4, 1865. Photographer: Samuel Montague Fassett by Ira Hogh, Chicago, Illinois.36 (LFS 31)

17 The Lincoln Home

Congressional Delegation Outside Abraham Lincoln’s Home in Springfield - May 4, 1865. Photographer: Frederick W. Ingmire, Springfield, Illinois.37 (LFS 32)

A Ridgway Glover view of Lincoln’s Home draped in mourning, with a printed paper label applied along the right edge of the recto side bearing the title Home of Lincoln with Lincoln’s Favorite Horse, “Old Bob,” dressed to follow the 38 hearse out to Oak Ridge Cemetery. Glover’s May 22, 1865, copyright. Photographer: Schreiber & Glover, Ridgway Glover, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. (LFS 33)

18 The Lincoln Home

Lincoln Home with Lincoln’s Favorite Horse, Old Bob, dressed to follow the hearse out to Oak Ridge Cemetery - May 4, 1865. Reverends Henry Brown and William Trevan stand with Old Bob. Photographer: Frederick W. Ingmire, Springfield, Illinois.39 (LFS 34)

Stereoview of Lincoln Home with Lincoln’s Favorite Horse, Old Bob, dressed to follow the hearse out to Oak Ridge Cemetery led by Reverend Henry Brown. Photographer: Schreiber & Glover, Ridgway Glover, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.40 (LFS 35)

19 The Lincoln Home

Lincoln’s Back Parlor at the time of his Funeral. Photographer: Schreiber & Glover, Ridgway Glover, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.41 (LFS 36)

Arch-top prints on a yellow mount with the recto imprint of Chicago artist John Carbutt, titled 129-Bed Chamber of Abraham Lincoln, Springfield, Ill. in the lower margin. Photographer: John Carbutt, Chicago, Illinois.42 (LFS 37)

Bed Chamber of Abraham Lincoln. Photographer: Schreiber & Glover, Ridgway Glover, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.43 (LFS 38)

20 The Lincoln Home

Lincoln’s Residence Draped in Mourning, May 1865, sometime after the Funeral as there are leaves on the trees. Photographer: Frederick W. Ingmire, Springfield, Illinois.44 (LFS 39)

Lincoln’s Residence Draped in Mourning, May 1865, Sometime after the Funeral as there are leaves on the trees. Photographer: Frederick W. Ingmire, Springfield, Illinois. 45 (LFS 40)

21 The Lincoln Home

THE LINCOLN ANIMALS

Funeral decorated Lincoln Home with Reverend Henry Brown to the left or rear of Old Bob and the Reverend William Trevan on the right or front of the horse - May 4, 1865. Photographer: Frederick W. Ingmire, Springfield, Illinois.46 (LFS 41)

22 The Lincoln Animals

23 The Lincoln Animals

Lincoln’s Horse Old Bob on the Day of Lincoln’s Funeral held by Rev. Henry Brown. Photograph taken on the Public Square. Photographer: Frederick W. Ingmire, Springfield, Illinois.50 (LFS 45)

Old Bob on the Public Square in Springfield on the day of the Funeral. John Flynn, the owner, is shown to the right. Photographer: Unknown. (Probably Frederick W. Ingmire, Springfield, Illinois.)51 (LFS 46)

24 The Lincoln Animals

May 1865 Photograph of the Lincoln Dog, Fido. Photographer: Frederick W. Ingmire, Springfield, Illinois.52 (LFS 47)

May 1865 Photograph of the Lincoln Dog, Fido. Photographer: Frederick W. Ingmire, Springfield, Illinois.53 (LFS 48)

May 1865 Photograph of the Lincoln Dog, Fido. Photographer: Frederick W. Ingmire, Springfield, Illinois.54 (LFS 49)

25 The Lincoln Animals

THE FUNERAL

This is a view looking east on Washington Street from the photographer’s perch in the upper floor of a building at the northwest corner of Washington and Fifth Streets. People are beginning to gather here on the morning of May 4, 1865 awaiting the Funeral Procession. Photographer: Ridgway Glover, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.55 (LFS 50) Photographer: A. C. Townsend, Springfield, Illinois.56 (LFS 50)

East Side of the Public Square in Springfield - Circa May 4, 1865. Photographer: Schreiber & Glover, Ridgway Glover, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.57 (LFS 51)

This stereoview shows the buildings on the east side of Sixth Street opposite the State House and the Public Square draped in mourning. The Sangamon County Court House is in the center of the view (to the north) and on its right is its architectural twin, the Springfield Marine Bank. The southeast corner of the Public Square block upon which the State House sits may be seen in the lower center of the stereoview.

26 The Funeral at Oak Ridge Cemetery

Formation of Lincoln Funeral Procession along Washington Street, on the North Side of the Public Square - May 4, 1865. View Looking East Along Washington Street From Just West of Fifth Street. Photographer: A. C. Townsend, Springfield, Illinois.58 (LFS 52)

North Side of Public Square, Washington Street, Looking East - May 4, 1865. The Sangamon County Court House at the Southeast Corner of Sixth and Washington with its Columns Decorated with Bunting. Photographer: Schreiber & Glover, Ridgway Glover, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.59 (LFS 53)

27 The Lincoln Animals

This is a view from the upper floor of the building at the northwest corner of Sixth and Washington. People have gathered at that corner awaiting the Funeral Procession on the morning of May 4, 1865. The north side of Sangamon County Court House may be seen in the upper right.60 Photographer: Unknown. (LFS 54)

Crowds Along Washington Street and on Roof Tops Await the Removal of Coffin to Hearse - May 4, 1865 Photographer: Schreiber & Glover, Ridgway Glover, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.61 (LFS 55)

28 The Funeral at Oak Ridge Cemetery

The Funeral at Oak Ridge Cemetery

The Entrance to Oak Ridge Cemetery. May 1865 Photograph. Photographer: Frederick W. Ingmire, Springfield, Illinois.62 (LFS 56)

29 The Lincoln Animals

The Entrance to Oak Ride Cemetery on North Third Street Decorated With Greens Shown at the Time of the Funeral. Photographer: C. H. Hall, Springfield, Illinois.63 (LFS 57)

Valley with the entrance to Oak Ridge Cemetery at the bottom and the receiving vault on the mid left of the stereoview. (LFS 58)

Views Relating to the Home and Funeral of Abraham Lincoln, at Springfield, Illinois No. 11, Screiber & Glover. 1865. Distant View of Block # 7 Where Lincoln Monument Constructed. Photographer: Schreiber & Glover, Ridgway Glover, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.64

30 The Funeral at Oak Ridge Cemetery

Stereoview: Waiting for The Funeral Procession Photographer: Ridgway Schreiber & Glover, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.65 (LFS 59)

Stereoview: Placing Lincoln in Receiving Vault. Photographer: Schreiber & Glover, Ridgway Glover, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.66 (LFS 60)

31 The Lincoln Animals

Receiving Vault, Oak Ridge, Springfield, Illinois. Photographer: Samuel Montague Fassett by Ira Hough, Chicago, Illinois.67 (LFS 61)

Lincoln’s Casket in the Receiving Vault at Oak Ridge Cemetery. Inside the tomb, two coffins were visible: those of the late President and his son, Willie. Photographer: J. Q. A. Tresize, Springfield, Illinois.68 (LFS 62)

32 The Funeral at Oak Ridge Cemetery

“Vault with Directors and Guards.” Directors of the National Lincoln Monument Association in front of the Receiving Vault with an assemblage of guards on the hill above the vault. Photographer: Schreiber & Glover, Ridgway Glover, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.69 (LFS 63)

Vault with Guards and Ladies and Child. Photographer: Unknown.70 (LFS 64)

33 The Lincoln Animals

The stereoview shows two soldiers standing outside the tomb. Circa May 4, 1865. Photographer: Schreiber & Glover, Ridgway Glover, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.71 (LFS 65)

Four Guards outside the open vault, two standing with rifles in hand. Circa May 4, 1865.72 (LFS 66) Photographer: Unknown.

34 The Funeral at Oak Ridge Cemetery

A stereoview from John Carbutt’s Garden City Photographic Art Gallery, Chicago titled Lincoln’s Tomb (in pencil). The view shows three men sitting outside the tomb, two with rifles in hand. Circa May 4, 1865.73 (LFS 67) Photographer: John Carbutt, Chicago, Illinois.

Andrew Jackson Palsgrove is shown immediately to the right of the open door with his rifle over his shoulder. Photographer: Frederick W. Ingmire, Springfield, Illinois.74 (LFS 68)

35 The Lincoln Animals

Opened Door Receiving Vault, Oak Ridge Cemetery, Springfield, Illinois. Photographer: A. C. Townsend, Springfield, Illinois.75 (LFS 69)

Closed Door Receiving Vault, Oak Ridge Cemetery, Springfield, Illinois. Photographer: A. C. Townsend, Springfield, Illinois.76 (LFS 70)

36 The Funeral at Oak Ridge Cemetery

The Receiving Vault in Oak Ridge Cemetery, May 1865, at the Time of the Lincoln Funeral. Photographer: J. Q. A. Tresize, Springfield, Illinois.77 (LFS 71)

The Receiving Vault in Oak Ridge Cemetery, May 1865, at the time of the Lincoln Funeral. Photographer: J. Q. A. Tresize, Springfield, Illinois.78 (LFS 72)

37 The Lincoln Animals

The Receiving Vault in Oak Ridge Cemetery, May 1865 After the Lincoln Funeral.79 (LFS 73) (LFS 74)

38 The Funeral at Oak Ridge Cemetery

Site Selected for the Lincoln Monument in Oak Ridge Cemetery, May 1865. Photographer: Schreiber & Glover, Ridgway Glover, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.80 (LFS 75)

Lincoln Burial Vault at Mather Place in Springfield, Illinois Photographer: Unknown.81 (LFS 76)

39 The Lincoln Animals

Brown tone CDV of two soldiers standing in a wooded area of Oak Ridge Cemetery; soldier to left is standing by a table, soldier to the right has right arm extended; Townsend's business stamp and orange 2 cent George Washington Internal Revenue stamp on back; handprinted notes on back read "Lincoln", "1865" and "View in Springfield cemetery"82 Photographer: A. C. Townsend, Springfield, Illinois. (LFS 77)

40 The Funeral at Oak Ridge Cemetery Photographs Mistakenly Attributed to the Springfield Funeral

Former Law Office of Abraham Lincoln and William Herndon on the West Side of the Public Square Decorated in Mourning - May 1865 Photographer Unknown.83

LSV153-T (Taper) has no photographer noted. Lincoln funeral near the Old State Capitol in Springfield, Illinois. Shows a large crowd of people milling in the street; many umbrellas are visible. Handwritten on verso: Lincoln's funeral, old state house ground Springfield, Ill. Stereoview.84

41 The Photographers

There were ___ Springfield photographers who took pictures of the Lincoln Funeral. In addition, there were four other photographers who came to Springfield specifically to photograph the Lincoln Funeral. Their biographies and descriptions of their photographs follow.

John Carbutt (1832-1905) Chicago

John Carbutt was born in Sheffield, England on December 2, 1832, and emigrated to the United States in 1853, settling in Chicago. His career in photography began when he photographed Canada's Grand Trunk Railway from 1853 to 1859. He is believed to be the first Chicago-based photographer to take portraits for cartes- de-visite or small visiting cards that first gained popularity in Europe during the mid-nineteenth century. Mr. Carbutt's interest in dry plates commenced during the early 1860s, and he began using magnesium light for flash photography in 1865. His experimentation with dry-plate photography intensified, and in 1868, he replaced the traditional collodion albumen dry plate mixture with gelatine. He perfected the gelatine intaglio printing method, better known as the Woodburytype process, and in 1871, Mr. Carbutt relocated to Philadelphia to open the Keystone Dry Plate Works. Eight years' later, he received a lucrative contract from Scovill Manufacturing Company to distribute their dry plates, and competed successfully with Gustav "Papa" Cramer and Hermann Norden, whose company was the sole distributor of dry plates in Photograph of John Carbutt, Circa 186585

St. Louis. In fact, a competition between Carbutt, Cramer & Norden, and George Eastman proved beneficial for all.There were enough profits to go around, and consumers could purchase quality dry plates in several U.S. locations. The Carbutt plates for lantern slides particularly distinguished themselves for their excellent quality.

John Carbutt's company became synonymous with the distribution of superior dry plate innovations, including the first gelatine-bromide dry plates (1879), the first orthochromatic dry plates (1886), and the first celluloid dry plates (1888). He explained the celluloid process in a September 1889 issue of Wilson's Photographic Magazine. According to Mr. Carbutt, celluloid is made from bleached tissue paper that is nitrogenized and then ground up with camphor before being pressed out into a slab. Following some evaporation, thin slices are shaved, placed onto frames, then stretched down and fed into a forced-air press. It will then cur for approximately six weeks, before entering the finishing process, after which the celluloid is manufactured with a fine mat surface that prevents halation or the spreading of light.

After introducing the first X-ray plates for commercial use in 1896, John Carbutt spent his later years experimenting with color photography and developed color screens for process engraving. He also indulged in his lifelong love of landscape photography. In addition, Mr. Carbutt served as a consultant to several organizations, most notably the Franklin Institute and the Philadelphia Photographic Society, that frequently sought his technical expertise. In the early twentieth century, Mr. Carbutt's health began to fail, and he died in Philadelphia after a brief illness on July 26, 1905. While the name John Carbutt may be largely forgotten today, his important contributions to dry plate and color photography are not.86

42 Endnotes

John Carbutt was born in England in 1832 and emigrated to the United States in 1853. From 1853 to 1859 he worked as a photographer during the construction of the Grand Trunk Railway in Canada. Carbutt, often credited with being the first Chicago photographer to offer the carte-de-visite format for portraits, had a studio at 24 Washington Street from 1861 till mid 1868 and at 131 Lake Street till 1870. Carbutt issued a series of 195 Views of Chicago that were taken between 1864 and 1870 and are the best of the pre-fire photographs (stereoscopes) of Chicago. In early May of 1865, thirty-three year-old Carbutt traveled from Chicago to Springfield where he took six photographs of the Lincoln Funeral.

1. Chicago & Alton Railroad Locomotive Number 58 at Chicago & Alton Railroad Depot in Springfield. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 1)

2. Abraham Lincoln’s Catafalque Car on The Tracks at Springfield With Honor Guard Posted at Front and Rear. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 2)

3. Abraham Lincoln’s Catafalque Car on The Tracks at Springfield With Honor Guard Posted at Front and Rear. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 3)

4. Lincoln’s Residence Draped in Mourning — May 3 or 4, 1865. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 28) ALPL. Lincoln Collection. LSV067

5. Arch-top prints on a yellow mount with the recto imprint of Chicago artist John Carbutt, titled 129-Bed Chamber of Abraham Lincoln, Springfield, Ill. in the lower margin.87 See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 38)

6. A stereoview from John Carbutt’s Garden City Photographic Art Gallery, Chicago titled Lincoln’s Tomb (in pencil). The view shows three men sitting outside the tomb, two with rifles in hand. Circa May 4, 1865. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 68)

In 1866, to promote the progress and assure stockholders of their investment, the Union Pacific Rail Road directors invited leading businessmen and political leaders on an excursion to the wilderness. John Carbutt was hired to make a visual record of the event. More than 200 men and their wives made the trip in the luxury Palace cars of the U.P.R.R. Thirty-six stereo views were issued.

In 1868, Carbutt published the photographically illustrated, 693-page tome titled Biographical Sketches of the Leading Men of Chicago with 97 original photographic portraits. Carbutt sold his Chicago studio and moved to Philadelphia about October or November of 1870, immediately after a fire destroyed the Drake Block in September.

After leaving Chicago for Philadelphia in 1870, Carbutt put his efforts toward the Woodburytype and collotype printing processes to some success. However, he was much more successful in his investigations into improvements of the dry plate process, resulting in the Keystone Dry Plate Company. He is also credited with providing the first commercial X-ray film (1896) as well as improvements in early celluloid film production, facilitating early motion picture production.

1905 New York Times Obituary of John Carbutt88 Samuel Montague Fassett (1825 - 1910) Chicago

Samuel Montague Fassett, a very successful photographer in Chicago, Illinois, was a government photographer during the Civil War. He was also a painter in oil. Fassett’s photograph of most lasting importance was that taken of Abraham Lincoln in Chicago on October 4, 1859.

He married Cornelia Strong, a famous Washington, D. 43 The Photographers

Of the many pre-presidential photographs of C. painter who painted portraits of President Grant, Abraham Lincoln, Mary Lincoln considered Hayes, and Garfield. Her picture “Florida Case before this image taken in Chicago by Samuel M. Electoral Commission, Feb. 5, 1877” hangs in the Fassett on October 4, 1859 to have been the Eastern Gallery of the Senate Wing of the Capitol. 89 best likeness she had seen of her husband. The great Chicago fire destroyed Fassett’s property and the family moved to Washington, D. C., where he had a clerkship.

Ira M. Hough90 (___-___) Chicago

Ira M. Hough is not listed in Czach’s Illinois Photographers, Chicago Photographers or Craig’s daguerreotype books. He was probably working as a photographer for Samuel Fassett at Springfield during the Lincoln funeral. Fassett used multiple photographers from his firm in multiple places at Lincoln’s Chicago funeral and he did the same at Springfield. Much like Mathew Brady employing multiple photographers that included Alexander Gardner, after the two went separate ways the same images can be found with either a Brady or Gardner studio imprint. David Carroll

1. Globe Tavern on the Morning of May 3, 1865. Samuel Montague Fassett, photographer of Chicago, Illinois, or Ira M. Hough. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 5) 2. Lincoln’s Hearse in Springfield, Illinois. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 6) 3. Mourners Outside Abraham Lincoln’s Home in Springfield — May 4, 1865. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 32) 4. The Chicago Delegation at Abraham Lincoln’s Home in Springfield - May 4, 1865. ALPL. (LF 31)

Schreiber & Glover PHILADELPHIA

A number of photographs of Lincoln’s Springfield funeral are marked as “Schreiber & Glover.” The actual photographer from this firm who was present in Springfield to photograph the funeral was Ridgway Glover. Glover’s first name is sometimes spelled “Ridgeway.”

Ridgway Glover (May 29, 1831 - September 16, 1866) Philadelphia

At least seventeen photographs were taken by Ridgway Glover, of Schreiber & Glover, who was present in Springfield at the time of the Lincoln funeral.91

1. Chicago & Alton Railroad Depot, Springfield, Illinois, Draped in Mourning. The Funeral Train Brought Lincoln’s Body Here on the Morning of May 3, 1865. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 4) 2. The North Entrance to the Illinois State House, being the entrance for the viewing of Lincoln’s body in the House of Representatives. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 15) 3. Bier in the Catafalque in the House of Representative in the State House, Springfield, Illinois, designed by Col. Schwarts. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 17) 4. “Passing Out of the State House After Seeing the Corpse.” See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 18) 5. Stereoview of Lincoln Home with Lincoln’s Favorite Horse, “Old Bob,” dressed to follow the hearse out to Oak Ridge Cemetery. Reverend Henry Brown stands with Old Bob. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 36)

44 Endnotes 6. View of Lincoln’s Springfield home draped in mourning, with a printed paper label applied along the right edge of the recto side bearing the title Home of Lincoln and Glover’s May 22, 1865, copyright. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 35) 7. Lincoln’s Back Parlor at the time of his Funeral. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 37) 8. Bed Chamber of Abraham Lincoln. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 39) 9. Crowds Along Washington Street and on Roof Tops Await the Removal of Coffin to Hearse - May 4, 1865. ALPL. Lincoln Collection. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 51) 10. East Side of the Public Square in Springfield, Circa May 4, 1865. See page ___. (LF 52) Ink and pencil inscribed on verso ‘Springfield / Lincoln funeral scene in Springfield, Ill. / View on 6th St. http://cowanauctions.com/auctions/past-item.aspx?ItemId=95199 11. North Side of Public Square, Washington Street, Looking East - May 4, 1865. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 55). 12. Crowd Lines the North Side Washington Street on the Public Square in Advance of the Funeral Procession - May 4, 1865. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 54) 13. Valley with the entrance to Oak Ridge Cemetery at the bottom and the receiving vault on the mid left of the stereoview. Views Relating to the Home and Funeral of Abraham Lincoln, at Springfield, Illinois No. 11, Schreiber & Glover. 1865. Distant View of Block # 7 Where Lincoln Monument Constructed. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 59) 14. Stereoview: Waiting for The Funeral Procession. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 60) 15. Stereoview: Placing Lincoln in Receiving Vault. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 61) 16. “Vault with Directors and Guards.” Directors of the National Lincoln Monument Association in front of the Receiving Vault with an assemblage of guards on the hill above the vault. A stereoview with titled label on edge of mount. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 64) 17. A stereoview from Schreiber & Glover, Philadelphia. The card shows two soldiers standing outside the tomb. Circa May 4, 1865. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 66) 18. Site Selected for the Lincoln Monument in Oak Ridge Cemetery, May 1865. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 75)

Tragic Eyewitness: The Photography of Ridgway Glover

FREDERICK CHIAVENTONE

This article appears in the March 2010 issue of Cowboys & Indians.

He was born in New Jersey in 1831 and died horribly and alone — ambushed by Lakota and Cheyenne warriors on a dusty trail a few hundred yards from Wyoming’s Fort Phil Kearny on September 16, 1866. His beginning and end are documented, but his life and work remain one of the great mysteries of the American West.

Ridgway Glover, the scion of a prominent Quaker family, became enamored of the fledgling art of photography and by 1865 was establishing himself in the new field with images of Abraham Lincoln’s funeral procession. Glover’s driving ambition, though, was to head out West to photograph the frontier all the way to the Pacific; he especially longed to photograph the Rocky Mountains. With support from the Smithsonian Institution providing that he photograph Native Americans, Glover also acquired backing from the Department of the Interior. The government supplied transportation and covered his expenses from Omaha, Nebraska, to Fort Laramie for the 1866 Fort Laramie Council. At the gathering, which was intended to be an Indian peace conference, Glover busied himself making exposures of the participants — Civil War hero William T. Sherman and great chiefs like Dull Knife, Spotted Tail, and Red Cloud among them — and discovered that many of the Lakota and Cheyenne feared the “soul-capturing medicine” of the camera.

But it was perceived treachery, not Glover’s camera, that took peace off the table. When Col. Henry B. Carrington arrived in the middle of the council with 2,000 troops to begin constructing posts along the proposed Bozeman Trail through the heart of Indian territory -— a part of the treaty that had not been explained to the Lakota and Cheyenne — Red Cloud and his followers walked out on the proceedings.

45 The Photographers

It is known that Glover sent his negatives back East for publication, but no one knows what became of the 22 hard-won exposures. Nor did anyone know what the strange gentleman photographer looked like until Paula Richardson Fleming acquired some Glover family photographs from an auction in Canada.

Fleming, a photo archivist who spent her career as a specialist in 19th-century photography at the Smithsonian and who has authored several books about early photographs of American Indians, had been tracking the elusive Glover for years. She knew exactly what these images were — and their significance. Here, after nearly 150 years of mystery, were actual photographs taken by Glover. Among the photos was a copy of an original portrait of a serious young man with a striking resemblance to Kirk Douglas. The refined Easterner in the photo looks nothing like the intrepid —or foolish — frontier photographer of our imagination who so loved the wilderness and the excitement of photography that he failed to heed advice never to wander alone and unarmed. Glover’s journals sent back to Philadelphia describe treks into the wilderness, sometimes days at a time, and the awe-inspiring land and wildlife (a grizzly once) he encountered. Accompanying Col. Carrington to Fort Phil Kearny, Glover even had to be prevented from photographing an actual Indian attack on their Army column at Crazy Woman Creek.

His disregard for his safety ultimately was his undoing: Glover, out of photographic chemicals but not out of curiosity, was discovered not far from the fort, face down on a path, his flowing hair scalped, his back split by a tomahawk.

The Fort Phil Kearny State Historic Site recently acquired a large tract of surrounding land that includes the old post burial ground. While the remains of the soldiers were transferred to the national cemetery at Little Bighorn, several civilians remain interred along Piney Creek. In a final mysterious postscript on his unfortunate life, we may never know if Glover’s remains are among them.92

46 Endnotes Death of Ridgway Glover

THE PHILADELPHIA PHOTOGRAPHER Died 1866

Killed, scalped and mutilated by hostile American Indians in September after he left the safety of Fort Kearny to photograph and write about Native Americans for his hometown publication and for Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper. The obituary in The Philadelphia Photographer notes, “It was known that the hostile Sioux were lurking around, but, knowing no fear, and being ardent in the pursuit of his beloved profession, he risked everything, and alas! the result was that he was scalped, killed, and horribly mutilated.”

THE FATE OF A FRANK LESLIE “SPECIAL”

As is well known, FRANK LESLIE’S ILLUSTRATED NEWSPAPER has made one of its attractive specialties, the scenery and incident of the great West; and scarcely any of our readers need to be told that, while the sketches which we have published have been invariably authentic and prepared with care, the pursuit of the data from which they have been prepared has been by no means free from danger as well as persistent toil. The career of a “special” attached to an illustrated publication, intending and determined to keep up with the times, is no child’s play, as it is no sinecure; and sometimes—alas! that we should be compelled to say so—sometimes life is periled in the pursuit, quite as seriously as in the more deadly occupation of war. The following two letters explain themselves, in the record of the sad fate of one of our specials in Dacotah Territory, in September; and they at the same time vividly illustrate the truth of which we have been speaking—that human life as well as human comfort is the price sometimes paid for that luxury of illustration of current events and peculiar scenery which has now become an absolute necessity with the American people. Incidentally it may be mentioned, the first of the two appended letters conveys a graphic but rather threatening picture of the situation of the Plains, with reference to our present and future relations with the more warlike and predatory Indian tribes.93

Ft. Philip Kearny, D.T. Sept. 18, 1866. Publisher of Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper: Sir — I take this method of informing you of the death of a Mr. Ridgway Glover, said to be under your and the Smithsonian’s patronage.

I became acquainted with him in the fore part of July last, at Fort Laramie, traveled with him from that place here. He was in an engagement with the Sioux Indians on the 20th of July, on Crazy Woman Fork of Powder River, and behaved with great coolness and bravery for a non-combatant.

He was very careless of life, traveling frequently by himself — one time to the snow range of Big Horn mountains — with nothing but a butcher knife, though the country abounds with wolves, black, grizzly and cinnamon bears, and ferocious savages.

Yesterday morning he was coming from a cabin, some six miles from this place, by himself, when he was killed by Arapahoe [sic] Indians (supposed to be) and scalped. His body was recovered and brought in, and will be buried in the Post burying-ground. He was shot with a ball and instantly killed, the ball passing through his heart. I mention this fact that his friends may be relieved of the horrors of savage torture. I do not know his address, and so the publication of this seems the more necessary for the information of any relatives or near friends.

We are in a state of Indian War, and have been since about the middle of July. They appeared in number, as near as I could guess 200, dashed up close to the fort, and made a bold dash to cut off one or two of our outposts yesterday, but we opened on them with a

47 The Photographers

twelve-pound brass piece, and an introduction to two or three shells seemed very distasteful. They left, with no loss to us but the loss of glory.

I learned from the commanding officer of this place that they had captured near 500 head of horses, mules and oxen, and, as near as I can judge, have killed forty soldiers and civilians.

I have but little doubt that we are doomed to a formidable Indian war.

Yours, David White Post Chaplain.

Fort Laramie, D.T. September 25th, 1866. Publisher Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper:

It devolves upon me to convey to you the sad intelligence that Mr. Rengaild [sic] or Ridgeway [Ridgway] Glover, your “special artist” for these plains, was murdered on Monday last, the 17th inst. He was out sketching for you — his long absence occasioned no little anxiety — and a party went out (members of the 18th Infantry), and found his body. The head was found a few yards off, completely severed from the trunk, scalped. The body was disemboweled, and then fire placed in the cavity. His remains, horribly mutilated, were decently interred, and search made for his apparatus, but it could not be found. Mr. Glover, though an eccentric and peculiar being, was generally respected by all who knew him. He requested me, as a parting injunction, in July, in case he was killed, to notify you. I do so sorrowfully; this occurred near Fort Philip Kearney [Kearny].

Very respectfully yours, Samuel L. Peters, 18th U.S. Infantry.94 Ira M. Hough95 (___-___) Chicago

John Quincy Adams Tresize

John Quincy Adams Tresize was listed as a Daguerrean in Zanesville, Ohio, from 1856 to 1861.96 In 1866, John Q. A. and Samuel P. Tresize were listed in the Springfield City Directory as photographers, Enterprise Gallery, northwest corner of Public Square, successor to A. C. Townsend Enterprise Gallery.97 In 2014, the Enterprise Building on the north side of Washington Street between Fourth and Fifth Streets still stood. From 1869 to 1876, John Q. A. Tresize was listed in Springfield City Directories as a “photographer,” North Side of Square; 511 East Washington Street.

At the time of Lincoln’s Funeral on May 4, 1865, John Quincy Adams Tresize was in Springfield and took at least four photographs of the Funeral.

1. Lincoln’s coffin lying on the catafalque in the House of Representatives in the State House at Springfield. mounted on a light gray card with the backmark of Zanesville, Ohio, artist J.Q.A. Tresize. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 16) 2. Mourners Outside Abraham Lincoln’s Home — May 4, 1865. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 30) 3. Lincoln’s Casket in the Receiving Vault at Oak Ridge Cemetery. Inside the tomb, two coffins were visible: those of the late President and his son, Willie. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 63) 4. The Receiving Vault in Oak Ridge Cemetery, May 1865, at the Time of the Lincoln Funeral. See page ____. (LF 72) Hart. ALPL. Lincoln Collection. LCDV199.

48 Endnotes Frederick William Ingmire (September 11, 1822-September 20, 1876)

Frederick William Ingmire was born on September 11, 1822, in Margate, Kent, England. In December 1831, his parents Frederick and Sarah Hopper Ingmire, and their six children arrived in New York City on the ship “President” after a two-month journey from England. In March of 1832, the family moved to Albany, New York. In May of 1844, Frederick W. entered Madison University, Hamilton, Madison County, New York (Colgate University) and studied to become a minister. 98 In July 1848, 25 year-old Frederick married Mary Jane Farnham of Albany, New York. On October 8, 1848, he was ordained in the Pearl Street Church, Albany, New York. Immediately after his ordination, Frederick went west, and on October 12, 1848, he preached his first sermon in Illinois in the First Baptist Church in Chicago.

In October 1850, Frederick moved to Quincy, Illinois and preached at a Quincy church until the spring of 1851 when he moved to Pittsfield, Illinois. He was the pastor of the Baptist Church in Pittsfield until December 1855 when he took charge of the Baptist Church in Havana, Mason County, Illinois. He remained in Havana until the fall of 1859, and then moved to Springfield.99

In Springfield, Frederick became an Aetna Insurance Company agent. The 1860 Springfield City Directory listed Rev. Frederick W. Ingmire with an office on the east Side of the Square. He resided on Fourth Street between Wright and Canedy Streets.

The 1860 census shows 37 year-old Frederick Ingmire as the head of a household in Springfield, Illinois and working as a Baptist clergyman. He and his 36 year-old wife, Mary, had five children. He owned no real estate and had $150 in personal property. The 1863 Springfield City Directory listed Frederick Ingmire as a “photographic artist” at the City Gallery on the West Side of the Square. He wass shown as residing at the same location.100 At the time of the Abraham Lincoln funeral, Frederick W. Ingmire took photographs of the Capitol, the Lincoln Home draped in mourning, Lincoln’s horse Robin or Bob in front of the Lincoln Home, the receiving vault, and the second tomb up the hill. He also took photographs of the coffins of Lincoln and Willie.

Nineteen photographs:

1. Illinois State House Draped in Mourning - May 1865. Looking at the South Entrance, Northeastward from Fifth and Adams Streets. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 10)

2. Illinois State House Draped in Mourning - May 1865. Looking at the South Entrance, Northwestward from Sixth and Adams Streets. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 11)

3. Illinois State House Draped in Mourning - May 1865. Looking at the North Entrance, Southeastward from Fifth and Washington Streets. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 12)

4. Lincoln’s Residence Draped in Mourning — May 1865. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 21)

5. Lincoln’s Residence Draped in Mourning — May 1865. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 22)

6. Lincoln Home with Lincoln’s Favorite Horse, “Old Bob,” dressed to follow the hearse out to Oak Ridge Cemetery. Reverend Henry Brown stands with Old Bob. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 42)

7. Lincoln’s Residence Draped in Mourning, May 1865, Sometime after the Funeral as there are leaves on the trees. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 40)

8. Lincoln’s Residence Draped in Mourning, May 1865, Sometime after the Funeral as there are leaves on the trees. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 41)

9. Congressional Delegation Outside Abraham Lincoln’s Home in Springfield - May 4, 1865. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 33)

10. Funeral decorated Lincoln Home with Reverend Henry Brown to the left or rear of “Old Bob” and the Reverend William Trevan on the right or front of the horse - May 4, 1865. See page ___. (LF 42) 49 The Photographers

11. Funeral decorated Lincoln Home with Reverend Henry Brown to the left or rear of “Old Bob” and the Reverend William Trevan on the right or front of the horse - May 4, 1865. See page ___. (LF 43)

Lincoln Home National Historic Site, LIHO 9455. Indiana Historical Society, Jack Smith Lincoln Graphics Collection, Samuel A. Rice Publisher. Lance Ingmire Collection.ALPL. Lincoln Collection.

12. Funeral decorated Lincoln Home with Reverend Henry Brown to the left or rear of “Old Bob” and the Reverend William Trevan on the right or front of the horse - May 4, 1865. See page ____. (LF 44)

13. Funeral decorated Lincoln Home with Reverend Henry Brown to the left or rear of “Old Bob” and the Reverend William Trevan on the right or front of the horse - May 4, 1865. See page ___. (LF 45)

14. “Old Bob” Lincoln’s Horse on the Day of Lincoln’s Funeral held by Rev. Henry Brown. Photograph taken on the Public Square. See page ____. (LF 46) Library of Congress

15. May 1865 Photographs of the Lincoln Dog, Fido See page ___. (LF 48) ALPL. Lincoln Collection. Ostendorf, p. 33. Lance Ingmire Collection.

16. May 1865 Photographs of the Lincoln Dog, Fido See page ____. (LF 49) ALPL. Lincoln Collection. Ostendorf, p. 33. Lance Ingmire Collection

17. May 1865 Photographs of the Lincoln Dog, Fido See page ___. (LF 50) ALPL. Lincoln Collection. Ostendorf, p. 33. Lance Ingmire Collection.

18. May 1865 Photograph The Entrance to Oak Ridge Cemetery. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 57)

19. Andrew Jackson Palsgrove is shown immediately to the right of the open door with his rifle over his shoulder. See page ____. (LF 69) ALPL. Lincoln Collection. LCDV150.

The 1866 Springfield City Directory through the 1872-1873 City Directory for Springfield listed Frederick Ingmire as a photographer. The 1874-1875 City Directory for Springfield lists Frederick Ingmire as an insurance agent residing at the northeast corner of Third and Canedy Streets.101 The 1876 City Directory for Springfield lists Frederick Ingmire as residing at 650 West Washington Street, corner of Walnut. He is listed as an American, a lease, and an insurance agent. Frederick William Ingmire died on September 20, 1876, and was buried in Oak Ridge Cemetery, Springfield, Illinois.

“He was a man of marked eccentricities of character, of good ability, of unflinching integrity, conscientious, and decided in his convictions.”

A. C. Townsend

C. Townsend was listed in the 1864 Springfield City Directory as a “photograph artist, Enterprise Gallery, Develling, J. C. and Townsend, A. C., in Enterprise Building, northwest corner of Square.”102 In 2014, the Enterprise Building on the north side of Washington Street between Fourth and Fifth Streets still stood. It was here that A. C. Townsend had his photograph studio in 1865 at the time of the Lincoln funeral. Townsend took at least eight photographs of the Lincoln Funeral

1. Illinois State Arsenal at Springfield Decorated in Mourning Circa May 4, 1865. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 7) 2. Lincoln’s Residence Draped in Mourning — May 1865. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 25) 3. Lincoln’s Residence Draped in Mourning — May 1865. ALPL. Lincoln Collection. LPh369. (LF 26)

4. Formation of Lincoln Funeral Procession Along Washington Street, at the North Side of the Public Square - May 4, 1865. Probably taken from the roof of the Enterprise Building at the northwest corner of the Public Square. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 54) 5. Looking East Along Washington Street, From Just West of Fifthe Street - May 4, 1865. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 55) 6. Receiving Vault, Oak Ridge, Springfield, Illinois. See pageError! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 72) 7. Receiving Vault, Oak Ridge, Springfield, Illinois. See page Error! Bookmark not defined.. (LF 73)

50 Endnotes

8. Brown tone CDV of two soldiers standing in a wooded area of Oak Ridge Cemetery; soldier to left is standing by a table, soldier to the right has right arm extended; Townsend's business stamp and orange 2 cent George Washington Internal Revenue stamp on back; hand printed notes on back read “Lincoln”, “1865” and “View in Springfield cemetery”. ALPL. Lincoln Collection. LCDV 151 (LF 77)

Unknown

1. Where Lincoln’s Body Was Taken into the State House ALPL. Lincoln Collection. (LF 13) 2. Mourning arch at Sixth and Washington Streets where people entered line for viewing the remains Journal, May 1, 1965, p. 7a. (LF 14) 3. Photograph of the Lincoln Home in late April 1865. The Lincoln Financial Foundation Collection. Management of the Collection is shared by the Indiana State Museum and the Allen County Public Library, Fort Wayne, Indiana (LF 26) 4. Lincoln’s Residence Draped in Mourning — May 1865. See page __. (LF 29) 5. The North Entrance to The State House (LF 13) 6. Abraham Lincoln’s Residence Draped in Mourning, Shortly After April 15, 1865. LincolnHome National Historic Site, LIHO 9455. Indiana Historical Society, Jack Smith Lincoln Graphics Collection (LF 20) 7. Lincoln Burial Vault at Mather Place in Springfield, Illinois ALPL. Funeral Pictures.(LF 76) 8. First Presbyterian Church at Third and Washington Streets SVC. (LF 8) 9. Abraham Lincoln’s Residence Draped in Mourning, Shortly After April 15, 1865. Lincoln Home National Historic Site, LIHO 9455. Indiana Historical Society, Jack Smith Lincoln Graphics Collection (LF 27) 10. 11. The Receiving Vault in Oak Ridge Cemetery, May 1865 After the Lincoln Funeral. ALPL. (LF 73) (LF 74)

12. Vault with Guards (LF 65)

51 The Photographers

1 Schreiber & Glover, photographers of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Ridgway Glover was present in Springfield for the funeral and took this picture. Ridgway Glover, photographer of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. (Hereafter Glover.) ALPL. Lincoln Collection. Funeral Pictures. 2 John Carbutt, photographer of Chicago, Illinois. (Hereafter Carbutt.) 3 Funeral Pictures. 4 5 CarbuttThe building in the upper right is the Metropolitan Mill on Third between Washington and Jefferson streets. SVC. Library of Congress. 6 Carbutt. ALPL. 7 Carbutt. ALPL. 8 Glover. SVC. ALPL. Lincoln Collection. Huntington Library, Digital Library, San Marino, California, http://hdl.huntington.org/cdm/search/searchterm/Lincoln 9 Samuel Montague Fassett, photographer of Chicago, Illinois, or Ira M. Hough. (Hereafter Hough.) Library of Congress. Register, December 12, 1941. ALPL. 10 Journal, The Family Album. 11 Hough. Library of Congress. Register, December 12, 1941. ALPL. 12 A. C. Townsend, photographer of Springfield, Illinois. (Hereafter Townsend.) Found and provided by Linda Garvert, Librarian, Sangamon Valley Collection, Lincoln Library, Springfield, Illinois. (Hereafter referred to as SVC.) 13 ALPL. Lincoln Collection. LSV055 14 ALPL. Lincoln Collection. 15 Journal, May 1, 1965, p. 7a. 16 Glover. ALPL. Lincoln Collection. LSV057-T. Funeral Pictures. 17 John Quincy Adams Tresize, photographer. ALPL. 18 ALPL. Ridgway Glover, photographer of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 19 Glover. ALPL. Lincoln Collection. Lincoln Pictures. 20 Frederick W. Ingmire, photographer of Springfield, Illinois. (Hereafter Ingmire.) ALPL. 21 Ingmire. ALPL. 22 Ingmire. Lance Ingmire Collection 23 Goodshaw & Howell, photographers. The Lincoln Financial Foundation Collection. Management of the Collection is shared by the Indiana State Museum and the Allen County (Indiana) Public Library. Historical Base Map, Lincoln Home, Springfield, Illinois, November 30, 1969, Edwin C. Bearss, National Park Service, Plate IX. 24 Lincoln Home National Historic Site, LIHO 9455. Indiana Historical Society, Jack Smith Lincoln Graphics Collection, Samuel A. Rice Publisher. 25 Ingmire. Lance Ingmire Collection. 26 Frederick W. Ingmire, photographer of Springfield, Illinois. Lance Ingmire Collection. Lincoln Home National Historic Site, LIHO 5411. Lincoln Financial Foundation Collection. Management of the Collection is shared by the Indiana State Museum and the Allen County Public Library, Fort Wayne, Indiana. 32 Photographer: Samuel Montague Fassett by Ira Hough, Chicago, Illinois www.wisconsinhistory.org/Content.aspx?dsNav=Ny:True,Ro:0,Nrc:id-658|id-4294956401,N:4294963828- 4294955414&dsNavOnly=Ntk:All|Ferneckes+Dolliver|3|,Ny:True,Ro:0&dsRecordDetails=R:IM26585&dsDimensionSearch=D:lincoln +funeral,Dxm:All,Dxp:3&dsCompoundDimensionSearch=D:lincoln+funeral,Dxm:All,Dxp:3 28 Carbutt. ALPL. Lincoln Collection. LSV067. 29 ALPL. Lincoln Collection. LPh371. 30 ALPL. Lincoln Collection. LPh363. 31 ALPL. Lincoln Collection. LPh369. 32 ALPL. Lincoln Collection. LCDV061. 33 ALPL. Lincoln Collection. LCDV060. 34 John Quincy Adams Tresize, photographer. http://lincolncollection.org/collection/creatorauthor/?cs=T&creator=Tresize%2c+J.+Q.+A. The Lincoln Financial Foundation Collection. Management of the Collection is shared by the Indiana State Museum and the Allen County (Indiana) Public Library. 35 Hough. ALPL. Lincoln Collection. 36 Samuel Montague Fassett, photographer of Chicago, Illinois. ALPL. Lincoln Collection. LPL 259. Indiana Historical Society, Jack Smith Lincoln Graphics Collection. Library of Congress. Historical Base Map, Lincoln Home, Springfield, Illinois, November 30, 1969, Edwin C. Bearss, National Park Service, Plate XI. 37 Ingmire. T. E. Sexton may have worked with him at the time these photographs were taken. ALPL. Lincoln Collection. LPH 364. National Park Service. There is a similar photograph in the Library of Congress. Historical Base Map, Lincoln Home, Springfield, Illinois, November 30, 1969, Edwin C. Bearss, National Park Service, Plate XII. 38 Glover. ALPL. Lincoln Collection. LSV151. Lincoln Home National Historic Site, LIHO 9328. Historical Base Map, Lincoln Home, Springfield, Illinois, November 30, 1969, Edwin C. Bearss, National Park Service, Plate IX. 39 Ingmire. ALPL. 40 Glover. ALPL. Lincoln Collection. Historical Base Map, Lincoln Home, Springfield, Illinois, November 30, 1969, Edwin C. Bearss, National Park Service, Plate X. 41 Glover. A rare stereoview with titled label on edge of mount with additional example on verso: “Parlor of Lincoln.” http://www.railsplitter.com/sale10/assassination.html ALPL. Lincoln Collection. Funeral Pictures. 42 Cowan Auctions. www.cowanauctions.com/auctions/item.aspx?ItemId=95209 43 Glover. ALPL. Lincoln Collection. 44 Ingmire. From the collection of Kathryn Heyworth, Springfield, Illinois. 45 Ingmire. Historical Base Map, Lincoln Home, Springfield, Illinois, November 30, 1969, Edwin C. Bearss, National Park Service, Plate XIII. Library of Congress. 46 Ingmire. Lance Ingmire Collection. 47 Lincoln Home National Historic Site, LIHO 9455. Indiana Historical Society, Jack Smith Lincoln Graphics Collection, Samuel A. Rice Publisher. Lance Ingmire Collection. 48 Ingmire. Lance Ingmire Collection. ALPL. Lincoln Collection. 49 ALPL. Lincoln Collection. LPh190. 52 The Photographers

50 Ingmire, photographer of Springfield, Illinois. Library of Congress. 51 ALPL. Lincoln Collection. Photographer Unknown. 52 ALPL. Lincoln Collection. Ostendorf, p. 33. Lance Ingmire Collection. 53 ALPL. Lincoln Collection. Ostendorf, p. 33. Lance Ingmire Collection. 54 ALPL. Lincoln Collection. Ostendorf, p. 33. Lance Ingmire Collection. 55 Ridgway Glover, photographer of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 56 Townsend. ALPL. Lincoln Collection. LSV064. Lincoln Financial Foundation Collection, Allen County Public Library, Fort Wayne, Indiana. Probably taken from the roof of the Enterprise Building at the northwest corner of the Public Square. 57 Glover. Ink and pencil inscribed on verso ‘Springfield / Lincoln funeral scene in Springfield, Ill. / View on 6th St.’ http://cowanauctions.com/auctions/past-item.aspx?ItemId=95199 ALPL. Lincoln Collection. 58 Townsend. ALPL. Lincoln Collection. ALPL. Lincoln Collection. Lincoln Financial Foundation Collection, Allen County Public Library, Fort Wayne, Indiana. Probably taken from the roof of the Enterprise Building at the northwest corner of the Public Square. 59 Glover. ALPL. Lincoln Collection. 60 SVC. 61 Glover. ALPL. Lincoln Collection. 62 ALPL. Lincoln Collection. Ostendorf, p. 33. Lance Ingmire Collection. 63 C. H. Hall, photographer of Springfield, Illinois. . Lincoln Financial Foundation Collection, Allen County Public Library, Fort Wayne, Indiana. 64 SVC. ALPL. Lincoln Collection. LSV102. 65 ALPL. Lincoln Collection. LSV104. 66 Glover. http://railsplitter.com/?page_id=2772 ALPL. Lincoln Collection. 67 Samuel Montague Fassett, photographer. Library of Congress. Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, D.C. ALPL. Lincoln Collection. LPH007. 68 ALPL. 69 Glover. A stereoview with titled label on edge of mount. ALPL. Lincoln Collection. Lincoln Financial Foundation Collection, Management of the Collection is shared by the Indiana State Museum and the Allen County Public Library, Fort Wayne, Indiana. Huntington Library, Digital Library, San Marino, California, http://hdl.huntington.org/cdm/search/searchterm/Lincoln 70 ALPL. Lincoln Collection. LPh1304. 71 cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?VISuperSize&item=270917810939. http://railsplitter.com/?page_id=2772 ALPL. Lincoln Collection. LSV108. 72 ALPL. Lincoln Collection. LSV106. 73 www.rollanet.org/~vbeydler/van/3dreview/3dr1106.htm 3-D Review - The online magazine of stereoscopic product reviews and information. 74 Left: Ingmire. Right: Andrew Jackson Palsgrove: The Soldier Who Guarded Lincoln’s Body. Thomas F. Schwartz, Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association, 23.2 (2002) 8 November 2005 www.historycooperative.org/journals/jala/23.2/schwartz_t.html Andrew Jackson Palsgrove enlisted in the 126th Pennsylvania Infantry Volunteers, Company D. He later served in the 146th Illinois Infantry Volunteers, Company A, consisting largely of men from Mount Carroll and the surrounding towns. Palsgrove was mustered in August 30, 1864, and mustered out July 8, 1865. The 146th performed guard duty within the state, and served as an honor guard following the Springfield funeral. ALPL. Lincoln Collection. LCDV150. 75 Townsend. ALPL. Lincoln Collection. LPh1045. 76 Townsend. ALPL. Lincoln Collection. LPh1045. 77 J. Q. A. Tresize, photographer of Springfield, Illinois. Hart. ALPL. Lincoln Collection. LCDV199. 78 J. Q. A. Tresize, photographer of Springfield, Illinois. Hart. ALPL. Lincoln Collection. LCDV199. 79 ALPL. Right: LCDV006. Lph1044. 80 SVC. ALPL. Lincoln Collection. 81 ALPL. Article in Abraham Lincoln Association Quarterly Journal March 1941, 82 Townsend. ALPL. Lincoln Collection. LCDV 151 83 Library of Congress. 84 ALPL. Lincoln Collection. LSV153T. 85 National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; gift of Larry J. West 86 1889 Wilson's Photographic Magazine, Vol. XXVI, No. 352 (New York: Edward L. Wilson), pp. 529-532. 1905 The Camera and Darkroom, Vol. VIII (New York: The American Photographic Publishing Co.), p. 266. 1905 Journal of the Franklin Institute, Vol. CLX, No. 1 (Philadelphia: The Franklin Institute), pp. 461-463. 1905 The Photo-Miniature, Vol. VI (New York: Tennant & Ward), pp. 666-667.

Historic Camera History Librarium http://www.historiccamera.com/cgi-bin/librarium2/pm.cgi?action=app_display&app=datasheet&app_id=1782& For a full biography see John Carbutt on the Frontiers of Photography by William Brey, 1984. 87 Cowan Auctions. cowanauctions.com/auctions/item.aspx?ItemId=95209 88 New York Times, July 29, 1905. 89 History of the Western Reserve, Harriet Taylor Upton, Vol. I, p. 582. Dictionary of American Biography, Vol. III, page 296. Artists of the 19th Century, C. E. Clement and L. Hutton, pages 240-249. Washington D. C. City Directory 1890. 90 news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1392&dat=19400412&id=svAmAAAAIBAJ&sjid=QSUMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3134,405137 Mt. Adams Sun - Apr 12, 1940 91 Ridgway Glover, Photographer, Annals of Wyoming, v. 74 no. 2 (Spring 2002) p. 17-27. Photographing the Plains Indians: Ridgway Glover at Forts Laramie and Phil Kearny, 1866, in Colin F. Taylor and Hugh A. Dempsey (eds.), The People of the Buffalo, vol. 2, Germany, Tatanks Press, 2005, pp. 67-78. lbha.proboards.com/index.cgi?board=Indians&action=display&thread=1570#ixzz1tIX5RvR9 92 cowboysindians.com/Cowboys-Indians/March-2010/Tragic-Eyewitness-The-Photography-of-Ridgway-Glover. 93 Ridgway Glover Death Notice, Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, 10/27/1866 No. 578 vol. XXIII, p. 94. 94 freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~familyinformation/fpk/leslie102766.html www.writing.com/main/view_item/item_id/982233-Frontier-Photographer Ridgway-Glover 95 news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1392&dat=19400412&id=svAmAAAAIBAJ&sjid=QSUMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3134,405137 Mt. Adams Sun - Apr 12, 1940 — 53 The Photographers

96 Craig’s Daguerreian Registry, The Acknowledged Resource on American Photographers 1839-1860, a web site devoted to American daguerreian photographers. daguerreotype.com 97 1866 City Directory of Springfield and Jacksonville, p. 210. Springfield City Directory and Business Mirror, for 1866, price $2.00 per copy, Springfield, Illinois, Bronson & Nixon, Publishers and Printers, 1865, pp. 144 and 233. (Hereafter referred to as 1866 City Directory.). 1869-1870 Springfield City Directory, p. 188. 1872-73 City Directory, pp. 118 and 137. 1873-4 City Directory, pp. 177 and 225. 1873-4 City Directory, p. 177. 1874-75 City Directory, pp. 140 and 141. 1875 City Directory, p. 144. 1876 City Directory, p. 17. 98 1860 United States Federal Census, p. 107. 99 1840 United States Federal Census, Roll M704_264, p. 360, Image 326. 1850 United States Federal Census, p. 104. 100 1863 City Directory, pp. 93 and 43. Register, November 12, 1864, p. 2, cl. 2. 101 1874-75 City Directory, p. 81. 102 1864 City Directory, pp. 81 and 84.