Wahlen Seit 1809 in Der Stadt Potsdam
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German-Russian Natural Gas Relations in the Context of a Common European Energy Policy
Graduate School of Social Sciences (GSSS) German-Russian natural gas relations in the context of a common European energy policy Thesis to obtain the academic title of Master of Science (MS) in the program Political Science (International Relations) Academic year 2018/2019 Date of submission: June 21st 2019 Author: Caspar M. Henke (12299804) Supervisor: Dr. Mehdi P. Amineh Second Reader: Dr. Henk W. Houweling Research Project: The Political Economy of Energy Abstract This thesis analyses the interwoven commercial and political fabric of German-Russian natural gas relations. A theoretical lens that combines liberalist interdependence theory and the critical theoretical concepts of the state-society complex and social networks against the background of selected energy security dimensions will be employed. It will be argued that in order to assess the prospects for a common European Union energy policy, it is crucial to understand the importance of social forces and external relations shaping the energy policy of EU member states vis-á-vis the Russian Federation. It will be highlighted how the different perceptions of Russian natural gas as a political tool and a commercial commodity have resulted in different actors taking the lead in the natural gas strategies of the European Commission, the Central and Eastern European member states, and Germany. Portraying the Russian state-society complex of natural gas, it will be concluded that the German commercial-led approach is not compatible with a European Union energy policy that responds to the geopolitical threats of Russian gas perceived by other member states. Key words: Natural Gas, Russia, Germany, European Union, State-society complex 2 AcKnowledgements I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my thesis supervisor Dr. -
Appendix: List of Interviews
Appendix: List of Interviews The unification of Germany 1) APELT Andreas, Berlin, 23 October 2007. 2) BERGMANN-POHL Sabine, Berlin, 13 December 2007. 3) BIEDENKOPF Kurt, Berlin, 5 December 2007. 4) BIRTHLER Marianne, Berlin, 18 December 2007. 5) CHROBOG Jürgen, Berlin, 13 November 2007. 6) EGGERT Heinz, Dresden, 14 December 2007. 7) EPPELMANN Rainer, Berlin, 21 November 2007. 8) GAUCK Joachim, Berlin, 20 December 2007. 9) GLÄSSNER Gert-Joachim, Berlin, 7 November 2007. 10) HELBIG Monika, Berlin, 5 November 2007. 11) HOFMANN Gunter, Berlin, 30 July 2007. 12) KERWIEN Antonie, Berlin, 31 October 2007. 13) KLINGST Martin, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 7 December 2006. 14) KLOSE Hans-Ulrich, Berlin, 31 October 2007. 15) KRAA Detlev, Berlin, 31 October 2007. 16) KRALINSKI Thomas, Potsdam, 16 October 2007. 17) LENGSFELD Vera, Berlin, 3 December 2007. 18) LIPPERT Barbara, Berlin, 25 July 2007. 19) MAIZIÈRE Lothar de, Berlin, 4 December 2007. 20) MAIZIÈRE Thomas de, Berlin, 20 November 2007. 21) MECKEL Markus, Berlin, 29 November 2007. 22) MERTES Michael, Boston, Massachusetts, 17 November 2006. 23) MEYER Hans Joachim, Berlin, 13 December 2007. 24) MISSELWITZ Hans, Berlin, 6 November 2007. 25) MODROW Hans, Berlin, 28 November 2007. 26) MÜLLER Hans-Peter, Berlin, 13 November 2007. 27) NOOKE Günther, Berlin, 27 November 2007. 28) PAU Petra, Berlin, 13 December 2007. 29) PLATZECK Matthias, Potsdam, 12 December 2007. 30) SABATHIL Gerhard, Berlin, 31 October 2007. 31) SARAZZIN Thilo, Berlin, 30 November 2007. 32) SCHABOWSKI Günther, Berlin, 3 December 2007. 33) SCHÄUBLE Wolfgang, Berlin, 19 December 2007. 34) SCHRÖDER Richard, Berlin, 4 December 2007. 35) SEGERT Dieter, Vienna, 18 June 2008. -
Die PDS Im Deutschen Bundestag (1990 Bis 1994)
Findbücher / 02 Bestand: Die PDS im Deutschen Bundestag (1990 bis 1994) Bearbeitet von Christine Gohsmann und Jochen Weichold Archiv Demokratischer Sozialismus I Herausgeber: Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung. Gesellschaftsanalyse und Politische Bildung e.V. Franz-Mehring-Platz 1, 10243 Berlin Tel. (030) 29 78 42 21 Fax: (030) 29 78 42 22 Internet: www.rosaluxemburgstiftung.de e-mail: [email protected] Archiv Demokratischer Sozialismus Franz-Mehring-Platz 1, 10243 Berlin Tel. (030) 29 78 11 21 oder 1131 Fax: (030) 29 78 42 22 Internet: www.rosaluxemburgstiftung.de e-mail: [email protected] [email protected] 1. Auflage Als Manuskript gedruckt. Alle Rechte – einschließlich des Vervielfältigungs- rechtes – vorbehalten. © Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung. Gesellschaftsanalyse und Politische Bildung, Ber- lin 2000 II Inhaltsverzeichnis Abkürzungsverzeichnis V Vorwort X 0. Die PDS-Gruppe im 11. Deutschen Bundestag 1 1. Dokumente der Gruppe PDS/Linke Liste im 12. Deutschen Bundestag 3 1.1 Struktur und Selbstverständnis 3 1.2 Sitzungen, Klausurtagungen und Arbeitsbesuche 4 1.3 Sitzungen des Vorstandes 15 1.4 Dokumente der Parlamentarischen Geschäftsführung 19 1.5 Dokumente der Geschäftsstelle 24 1.6 Presse- und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Korrespondenz 26 1.7 Spenden-Tätigkeit 38 1.8 Dokumente des Betriebsrates 39 2. Aktivitäten der Gruppe PDS/Linke Liste im 12. Deutschen Bundestag 40 2.1 Debattenbeiträge, Gesetzentwürfe, Anträge und Anfragen 40 2.2 Ausgewählte parlamentarische Initiativen 43 2.3 Mitarbeit in der Enquete-Kommission -
Paul Schulz (1898-1963) Oberleutnant Ad
Paul Schulz (1898-1963) Oberleutnant a.D. - Teil II Fememörder oder Lebensretter ? In der Kurzbiographie von Paul Schulz (Teil I) wurde der ‚Feme‘-Kampagne der extremen politischen Linken während der Jahre 1925-1929 besonderes Gewicht gegeben. Durch diese Kampagne und den unter ihrem politischen Druck stehenden ‚Feme‘-Prozessen sollte in erster Linie das aus der Kaiserzeit überkommene Offizierskorps der Reichswehr beschädigt werden. Als Bindeglied zwischen offizieller und inoffizieller (‚schwarzer‘) Reichswehr wurde Oberleutnant Schulz zur Zielscheibe der Angriffe, die behaupteten, er habe eine ‚Mordkommission‘ geleitet und ‚Feme‘-Morde angeordnet. In der gründlichen, wissen- schaftlich fundierten Untersuchung Alexander Dimitrios Weimar und der Kampf gegen ‚rechts‘ Ulm 2009 – ISBN 978-3-9803191-0-2 wurden Femekampagne und Femeprozesse eingehend analysiert und der Nachweis geführt, dass die gegen Oberleutnant Schulz geführten Angriffe haltlos waren. Diejenige Literatur, welche sich den damals geführten Angriffen gegen Oberleutnant Schulz auch heute noch anschließt, tut sich schwer, zuzugeben, dass der hervorragende Charakterzug von Oberleutnant Schulz darin bestand, Menschenleben auch unter Einsatz des eigenen Lebens zu retten. Da diese durch zahlreiche Dokumente belegte Tatsache in jener Literatur trotz genauer Kenntnis bis heute systematisch unterdrückt wird, soll sie im Teil II der Website besonders hervorgehoben werden.1 Aus Raumgründen beschränkt sich die Wiedergabe auf die wichtigsten Dokumente. Die ersten Hilfeleistungen fallen in das Jahr 1933, also in die Zeit gleich nach Ausscheiden von Oberleutnant Schulz aus seinen Ämtern in der NSDAP (8.12.1932) und seinem Rückzug ins Privatleben. Von diesem Augenblick an war sein eigenes Leben gefährdet - wie der Mordauftrag Hitlers vom 30. Juni 1934 zeigen sollte - , und niemand konnte erwarten, dass er sich in dieser Situation durch Hilfeleistungen, insbesondere zugunsten von Juden, zusätzlich gefährden würde. -
Gregor-Strasser-And-The-Organisation-Of-The-Nazi-Party-1925-32
I This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 66—14,650 DIXON, Joseph Murdock, 1932- GREGOR STRASSER AND THE ORGANIZATION OF THE NAZI PARTY, 1925-32. Stanford University, Ph.D., 1966 History, modem University Microfilms, Inc.,Ann Arbor, Michigan Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. GREGOR STRASSER AND THE ORGANIZATION OF THE NAZI PARTY, 1925-32 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND THE COMMITTEE ON THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF STANFORD UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By Joseph Murdock Dixon June 1966 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. I certify that I have read this thesis and that in my opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. cfY'<?L(rr< / A , . C. I certify that I have read this thesis and that in my opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a dissertation for the degree - ™ ™ •’ 7 I certify that I have read this thesis and that in my opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Approved for the University Committee on the Graduate Division: /r. Dean of/theo 7 Graduate Division ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page I. GREGOR STRASSER AND THE NSDAP PRIOR TO 1925 . 1 II. THE NORTHERN ORGANIZATION PRIOR TO STRASSER . 45 HI. -
Michael Schumann Hoffnung PDS Reden, Aufsätze, Entwürfe 1989–2000 Rls 12 Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung Texte 12 Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung
Wolfram Adolphi (Hrsg.) Michael Schumann Hoffnung PDS Reden, Aufsätze, Entwürfe 1989–2000 rls 12 Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung Texte 12 Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung WOLFRAM ADOLPHI (HRSG.) Michael Schumann Hoffnung PDS Reden, Aufsätze, Entwürfe 1989-2000 Mit einem Geleitwort von Lothar Bisky Karl Dietz Verlag Berlin Herausgegeben mit Unterstützung der PDS-Fraktion im Landtag Brandenburg. Ein besonderer Dank gilt Herrn Marco Schumann, Potsdam, für seine Hilfe und Mitarbeit. Wolfram Adolphi (Hrsg.): Michael Schumann. Hoffnung PDS Reden, Aufsätze, Entwürfe 1989-2000. Mit einem Geleitwort von Lothar Bisky (Reihe: Texte/Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung; Bd. 12) Berlin: Dietz, 2004 ISBN 3-320-02948-7 © Karl Dietz Verlag Berlin GmbH 2004 Satz: Jörn Schütrumpf Umschlag, Druck und Verarbeitung: MediaService GmbH BärenDruck und Werbung Printed in Germany Inhalt LOTHAR BISKY Zum Geleit 9 WOLFRAM ADOLPHI Vorwort 11 Abschnitt 1 Zum Herkommen und zur Entwicklung der PDS Wir brechen unwiderruflich mit dem Stalinismus als System! Referat auf dem Außerordentlichen Parteitag der SED in Berlin am 16. Dezember 1989 33 Von der SED zur PDS – geht die Rechnung auf? Interview für die Tageszeitung »Neues Deutschland« vom 26. Januar 1990 57 Programmatik und politisches System Artikel für die vom PDS-Parteivorstand herausgegebene Zeitschrift »Disput«, Heft 14/1992 (2. Juliheft) 69 Souverän mit unserer politischen Biographie umgehen Referat auf dem 3. Parteitag der PDS in Berlin (19.-21. Januar 1993) 74 Der Logik des Kräfteverhältnisses stellen! Rede auf dem 12. Parteitag der DKP, Gladbeck, am 13. November 1993 90 5 Vor fünf Jahren: »Wir brechen unwiderruflich mit dem Stalinismus als System!« Reminiszenzen und aktuelle Überlegungen 94 Antikommunismus? Schlußwort auf dem Historisch-rechtspolitischen Kolloquium »KPD-Verbot oder mit Kommunisten leben? Das KPD-Verbotsurteil des Bundesverfassungsgerichts vom 17. -
Commemorating Communist East Germany in the Berlin Republic: Modes of Remembrance in Literature, Film, and Memorial Sites
COMMEMORATING COMMUNIST EAST GERMANY IN THE BERLIN REPUBLIC: MODES OF REMEMBRANCE IN LITERATURE, FILM, AND MEMORIAL SITES by Katrin Mascha BA equivalent, University of Augsburg 2007 MA, University of Pittsburgh 2009 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2014 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH KENNETH P. DIETRICH SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This dissertation was presented by Katrin Mascha It was defended on April 8, 2014 and approved by John Lyon, Associate Professor, Department of German Sabine von Dirke, Associate Professor, Department of German Clark Muenzer, Associate Professor, Department of German Marcia Landy, Professor, Department of English Dissertation Advisor: Randall Halle, Professor, Department of German ii Copyright © by Katrin Mascha 2014 iii COMMEMORATING COMMUNIST EAST GERMANY IN THE BERLIN REPUBLIC: MODES OF REMEMBRANCE IN LITERATURE, FILM, AND MEMORIAL SITES Katrin Mascha, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2014 This dissertation studies how the Berlin Republic commemorates Communist East Germany and investigates how this engagement is translated into cultural memory. I understand cultural memory as dynamic, multifaceted, and as a widely contestational interplay of past and present in socio-cultural contexts. The making of cultural memory involves various participants and allows us to examine the nexus between individual remembering and culturally mediated memory. Culturally mediated memory appears as a process of the representation and manifestation of the past in the present. By studying the mediality of ‘present pasts,’ we gain an understanding of how the past is remembered and how it is mediated via cultural objects in the present. -
Cr^Ltxj
THE NAZI BLOOD PURGE OF 1934 APPRCWBD": \r H M^jor Professor 7 lOLi Minor Professor •n p-Kairman of the DeparCTieflat. of History / cr^LtxJ~<2^ Dean oiTKe Graduate School IV Burkholder, Vaughn, The Nazi Blood Purge of 1934. Master of Arts, History, August, 1972, 147 pp., appendix, bibliography, 160 titles. This thesis deals with the problem of determining the reasons behind the purge conducted by various high officials in the Nazi regime on June 30-July 2, 1934. Adolf Hitler, Hermann Goring, SS leader Heinrich Himmler, and others used the purge to eliminate a sizable and influential segment of the SA leadership, under the pretext that this group was planning a coup against the Hitler regime. Also eliminated during the purge were sundry political opponents and personal rivals. Therefore, to explain Hitler's actions, one must determine whether or not there was a planned putsch against him at that time. Although party and official government documents relating to the purge were ordered destroyed by Hermann GcTring, certain materials in this category were used. Especially helpful were the Nuremberg trial records; Documents on British Foreign Policy, 1919-1939; Documents on German Foreign Policy, 1918-1945; and Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers, 1934. Also, first-hand accounts, contem- porary reports and essays, and analytical reports of a /1J-14 secondary nature were used in researching this topic. Many memoirs, written by people in a position to observe these events, were used as well as the reports of the American, British, and French ambassadors in the German capital. -
The SPD's Electoral Dilemmas
AICGS Transatlantic Perspectives September 2009 The SPD’s Electoral Dilemmas By Dieter Dettke Can the SPD form a Introduction: After the State Elections in Saxony, Thuringia, and Saarland coalition that could effec - August 30, 2009 was a pivotal moment in German domestic politics. Lacking a central tively govern on the na - theme in a campaign that never got quite off the ground, the September 27 national elec - tional level, aside from tions now have their focal point: integrate or marginalize Die Linke (the Left Party). This another Grand Coali - puts the SPD in a difficult position. Now that there are red-red-green majorities in Saarland tion? and Thuringia (Saarland is the first state in the western part of Germany with such a major - How has the SPD gone ity), efforts to form coalitions with Die Linke might well lose their opprobrium gradually. From from being a leading now on, coalition-building in Germany will be more uncertain than ever in the history of the party to trailing in the Federal Republic of Germany. On the one hand, pressure will mount within the SPD to pave polls? the way for a new left majority that includes Die Linke on the federal level. On the other hand, Chancellor Angela Merkel and the CDU/CSU, as well as the FDP, will do everything to make the prevention of such a development the central theme for the remainder of the electoral campaign. The specter of a red-red-green coalition in Berlin will now dominate the political discourse until Election Day. Whether this strategy will work is an open question. -
Potsdam Between Shifting Ideologies Selective Deconstruction And
Potsdam between shifting ideologies Selective deconstruction and reconstruction in two systems Architectural History Thesis TU Delft AR2A011 2020 / 2021 Q3 Frederic Hormesch 5147298 Cover: [Computer centre on the left, Marstall on the right, the Chapel of Reconciliation in the centre. Here the Garnisonkirche is being reconstructed]. (2016). https://digitalcosmonaut.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/rechenzentrum-potsdam-germany-deutschland-ddr-garnisonskirche-baustelle-903x600.jpg Contents 04 1. Introduction 05 2. Political background and architectural conception of the GDR 2.1 Formation and fall of the GDR 2.2 Historiography and self-conception of the GDR 2.3 Architecture in the GDR: Between expression and fundamental needs 09 3. Urbicide and its consequences in former GDR territories 3.1 Urbicide in the GDR 3.2 Urbicide since the reunification 11 4. Potsdam between heritage and reorientation 4.1 Potsdam’s feudal heritage 4.2 Potsdam in the context of the GDR 4.3 Rebuilding gets started 4.4 New problems and political redirection 4.5 The reunification and the revival of opulence 16 5. Potsdam Alter Markt and Garnisonkirche – reflecting shifting ideologies 5.1 Stadtschloss during the GDR 5.2 Reconstruction of the Stadtschloss 5.3 Garnisonkirche during the GDR 5.4 Reconstruction of the Garnisonkirche 24 6. Conclusion 26 References 28 llustrations 1. Introduction This paper examines how the political and ideological background of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) influenced architecture and urban planning, as well as the upswing of selective reconstruction and demolition in the former GDR following the German reunification. The thesis departs from the hypothesis that the frequent change of political and economic systems in post-war Germany was accompanied by an urbicide of architectural heritage and the selective use of historical legacy to satisfy their ideological demands. -
"Grand Coalition" Government
Order Code RL33252 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Germany’s “Grand Coalition” Government: Prospects and Implications January 17, 2006 name redacted Specialist in International Relations Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress Germany’s “Grand Coalition” Government: Prospects and Implications Summary A “grand coalition” government of Germany’s two largest parties, the Christian Democrat Union/Christian Socialist Union (CDU/CSU) and the Social Democratic Party (SPD) led by CDU candidate Angela Merkel took office on November 22, 2005, after the German federal election of September 18, 2005, had produced no clear winner. Some experts believe that the coalition will be fragile, short lived, and will accomplish little with each side trying to gain political advantage over the other. Such negative expectations are not shared by other analysts who believe that only such a large coalition can implement potentially painful but needed economic and social reforms, assuming that it can overcome partisan politics. The most difficult and crucial areas on which the coalition must cooperate if the government is to succeed involve social and economic policy. Government success will be important, not just for Germany, but also for Europe and global economic health. Experts believe that Angela Merkel, as Chancellor, wants to speed domestic social and economic reforms. It is not clear whether she will have broader domestic support to do so, especially among the SPD base. Many observers expect more continuity than change in German foreign policy under the “grand coalition” government. On most issues, the CDU/CSU and the SPD are not far apart. -
Subject Listing of Numbered Documents in M1934, OSS WASHINGTON SECRET INTELLIGENCE/SPECIAL FUNDS RECORDS, 1942-46
Subject Listing of Numbered Documents in M1934, OSS WASHINGTON SECRET INTELLIGENCE/SPECIAL FUNDS RECORDS, 1942-46 Roll # Doc # Subject Date To From 1 0000001 German Cable Company, D.A.T. 4/12/1945 State Dept.; London, American Maritime Delegation, Horta American Embassy, OSS; (Azores), (McNiece) Washington, OSS 1 0000002 Walter Husman & Fabrica de Produtos Alimonticios, "Cabega 5/29/1945 State Dept.; OSS Rio de Janeiro, American Embassy Branca of Sao Paolo 1 0000003 Contraband Currency & Smuggling of Wrist Watches at 5/17/1945 Washington, OSS Tangier, American Mission Tangier 1 0000004 Shipment & Movement of order for watches & Chronographs 3/5/1945 Pierce S.A., Switzerland Buenos Aires, American Embassy from Switzerland to Argentine & collateral sales extended to (Manufactures) & OSS (Vogt) other venues/regions (Washington) 1 0000005 Brueghel artwork painting in Stockholm 5/12/1945 Stockholm, British Legation; London, American Embassy London, American Embassy & OSS 1 0000006 Investigation of Matisse painting in possession of Andre Martin 5/17/1945 State Dept.; Paris, British London, American Embassy of Zurich Embassy, London, OSS, Washington, Treasury 1 0000007 Rubens painting, "St. Rochus," located in Stockholm 5/16/1945 State Dept.; Stockholm, British London, American Embassy Legation; London, Roberts Commission 1 0000007a Matisse painting held in Zurich by Andre Martin 5/3/1945 State Dept.; Paris, British London, American Embassy Embassy 1 0000007b Interview with Andre Martiro on Matisse painting obtained by 5/3/1945 Paris, British Embassy London, American Embassy Max Stocklin in Paris (vice Germans allegedly) 1 0000008 Account at Banco Lisboa & Acores in name of Max & 4/5/1945 State Dept.; Treasury; Lisbon, London, American Embassy (Peterson) Marguerite British Embassy 1 0000008a Funds transfer to Regerts in Oporto 3/21/1945 Neutral Trade Dept.