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Evaluation of the Effects of Canadian Climatic Conditions on Pavement Performance Using the Mechanistic Empirical Pavement Design Guide

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Evaluation of the Effects of Canadian Climatic Conditions on Pavement Performance Using the Mechanistic Empirical Pavement Design Guide University of Alberta Evaluation of the Effects of Canadian Climatic Conditions on Pavement Performance Using the Mechanistic Empirical Pavement Design Guide by Jhuma Saha A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Transportation Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering ©Jhuma Saha Edmonton, Alberta Fall 2011 Permission is hereby granted to the University of Alberta Libraries to reproduce single copies of this thesis and to lend or sell such copies for private, scholarly or scientific research purposes only. Where the thesis is converted to, or otherwise made available in digital form, the University of Alberta will advise potential users of the thesis of these terms. The author reserves all other publication and other rights in association with the copyright in the thesis and, except as herein before provided, neither the thesis nor any substantial portion thereof may be printed or otherwise reproduced in any material form whatsoever without the author's prior written permission. Abstract This thesis attempts to explore the implementation of the Mechanistic Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) in Canada, specifically in Alberta. In order to achieve this goal, quality of Canadian climate data files used for the MEPDG and its effects on flexible pavement performance were evaluated. Results showed that temperature and precipitation data used in the MEPDG are close to Environment Canada data. This study demonstrated that asphalt concrete rutting, total rutting and longitudinal cracking were sensitive to Canadian climate. However, alligator cracking, transverse cracking and International Roughness Index (IRI) were found less sensitive to climatic factors. In addition, this study compared Alberta Transportation Pavement Design (ATPD) method and the MEPDG. Comparison results revealed that pavement performance (IRI) is quite close (< 8% difference) using these two methods. According to the MEPDG, pavement designed by the ATPD method underestimates pavement thickness at poor subgrade and high traffic conditions. This Thesis is dedicated to my parents and husband Acknowledgements I would like to thank my advisor Dr. Alireza Bayat for his support and invaluable guidance during this research. His mentorship and advice were instrumental in the course of this exploration. Many thanks also go to Dr. Hamid Soleymani for sharing his ideas, experience and guidance to complete substantial part of this thesis. His sage advice, insightful criticisms, and patient encouragement aided the writing of this thesis in innumerable ways. Without his hard work, experience, and genuine support, this report would not have been possible. His steadfast support on this thesis was greatly needed and deeply appreciated. Many thanks go to my husband, Baidya Nath Saha, for being by my side, and for his encouragement and his patience for being a husband, a father, a worker, and a student in the same time. I could not have done this without him, and I am so grateful for his presence in my life. I also express my gratitude to Avighna, my son, who was born during the preparation of this dissertation. When he was smiling for me I was given more hope and more energy to be done with the dissertation, and so thank you my little one. I would like to thank my friends and colleagues for their friendship and support during the time of my studying. Furthermore, I would like to thank my mother, my elder sister, and my niece, Adrija for their love and support. I appreciate what my mother did for us. The time that she spent caring for Avighna made it possible for me to work on some of the most difficult portions of this dissertation. Her help and support were invaluable. I feel so lucky to have such a great mom. Table of Contents 1. Introduction .....................................................................................................1 1.1 Current Pavement Design Practices in Canada .................................................2 1.2 Benefits of MEPDG over Empirical Based Approaches ...................................3 1.3 Objectives........................................................................................................4 1.4 Scope...............................................................................................................5 1.5 Organization of This Thesis .............................................................................6 2. Literature Review ............................................................................................7 2.1 Pavement Design and Analysis Methods ..........................................................7 2.1.1 Empirical Pavement Design Approach.......................................................7 2.1.2 Mechanistic-Empirical (M-E) Design Approach ........................................8 2.2 Outline of AASHTO Pavement Design Method ...............................................9 2.2.1 AASHTO Design Procedure ......................................................................9 2.2.2 Traffic ..................................................................................................... 11 2.2.3 Reliability................................................................................................ 12 2.2.4 Materials Characterization ....................................................................... 12 2.2.5 Serviceability .......................................................................................... 14 2.2.6 Advantages of the AASHTO-1993 Design Method.................................. 15 2.2.7 Limitation of the AASHTO-1993 Design Method.................................... 15 2.3 Overview of the MEPDG ............................................................................... 16 2.3.1 MEPDG Analysis Procedure ................................................................... 16 2.3.2 Design Input Level Hierarchy .................................................................. 17 2.3.3 Environmental Factors Affecting Pavement Performances ....................... 18 2.3.4 Traffic ..................................................................................................... 23 2.3.5 Pavement Materials Characterization ....................................................... 23 2.3.6 Flexible Pavement Response Models ....................................................... 26 2.3.7 Design Reliability.................................................................................... 27 2.3.8 The MEPDG Distress Prediction ............................................................. 28 2.3.9 Performance Prediction Models ............................................................... 29 2.3.10 Comparison between the AASHTO-1993 and the MEPDG.................... 37 2.4 Summary ....................................................................................................... 38 3. Evaluation of Canadian Climatic Files and Its Effects on Pavement Performances using the MEPDG ..........................................................................39 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 39 3.2 Literature Review Related to the Evaluation of Climatic Effects on Pavement Performances using the MEPDG ......................................................................... 40 3.3 Availability of Canadian Climate Data for the MEPDG ................................. 43 3.4 Evaluation of Canadian Climate Data Files for the MEPDG........................... 46 3.4.1 Evaluation of Temperature and Total Precipitation Data used for the MEPDG Application ........................................................................................ 47 3.4.2 Evaluation of Freezing Index Data computed by the MEPDG .................. 50 3.4.3 Verifying Maximum Frost Depth Computed by the MEPDG with the Modified Berggren Method .............................................................................. 52 3.5 Evaluating the Effects of Canadian Climatic Factors on Pavement Performances using the MEPDG ......................................................................... 58 3.6 Predicted Pavement Distresses Using the MEPDG ......................................... 60 3.7 Prediction of Pavement Distresses across Different Canadian Provinces......... 61 3.7.1 IRI........................................................................................................... 61 3.7.2 AC Rutting .............................................................................................. 64 3.7.3 Total Permanent Pavement Deformation (TPPD) ..................................... 67 3.7.4 Longitudinal Cracking ............................................................................. 69 3.8 Prediction of Pavement Distresses in Different Climate Zones Using the MEPDG .............................................................................................................. 72 3.8.1 IRI........................................................................................................... 74 3.8.2 AC Rutting .............................................................................................. 74 3.8.3 Total Permanent Pavement Deformation (TPPD) ..................................... 75 3.8.4 Longitudinal Cracking ............................................................................. 76 3.9 Variation of Pavement Performances Across Latitude and Longitude
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