DOCSLIB.ORG

China on Track with Its Extraterrestrial Mission

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
China on Track with Its Extraterrestrial Mission OPINION: GIST OF PEOPLE’S DEMOCRACY P.24 | FEATURES: GREATER IPR PROTECTION P.36 VOL.64 NO.19 MAY 13, 2021 WWW.BJREVIEW.COM SPACE TREK RMB6.00 China on track with its USD1.70 AUD3.00 GBP1.20 extraterrestrial mission CAD2.60 CHF2.60 )/$ЮፑʶѮՁὙڍJPY188 ᥪԦ̼Ձe COVER STORY $127+(5 *,$17/($3 A new chapter in extraterrestrial exploration opens with the launch of the ‘control room’ of China’s space station By Li Qing 12 BEIJING REVIEW MAY 13, 2021 http://www.bjreview.com t 11:23 a.m. on April 29, The second stage was to test key tech- a rocket blasted off from nologies needed for a permanent space the Wenchang Spacecraft station, including extra-vehicular activities Launch Site in Hainan and orbital docking. In 2008, fighter pilot Province, carrying the core Zhai Zhigang ventured out of the Earth- $section of China’s space station. orbiting Shenzhou-7 spacecraft and walked After traveling a little over eight minutes LQVSDFHEHFRPLQJ&KLQD·VÀUVWWDLNRQDXWWR on the domestically developed Long March- leave a “footprint in the universe.” 5B Y2 rocket, the module, named Tianhe, To amass more experience for develop- which means harmony of the heavens, sepa- ing a space station, an experimental space rated from the rocket and entered into orbit. lab, Tiangong-1, was lifted up in 2011 to A key step in the construction of the space test the technologies for rendezvous and station that is expected to be completed next docking between spacecraft. A month later, year, Tianhe will act as the management and Shenzhou-8 entered into orbit and accom- control hub of the station as well as a node plished the first automatic rendezvous and for docking with other spacecraft, up to docking with Tiangong-1. three at a time, including both manned and In 2016, an improved version, cargo spacecraft. Tiangong-2 was launched. It docked with The successful launch marks China’s Tianzhou-1, China’s first cargo spacecraft, space station construction entering the full in April 2017, which also carried out the implementation stage, laying a solid foun- ÀUVWLQRUELWUHIXHOLQJ dation for follow-up tasks, President Xi So far, China has launched 11 manned Jinping said in a congratulatory message. spacecraft, one cargo spacecraft, and The space station, Tiangong or heav- Tiangong-1 and Tiangong-2 into space, as enly palace, will be a crewed space station well as sent 11 astronauts, and completed the independently built with homegrown tech- ÀUVWWZRVWHSVRILWVPDQQHGVSDFHSURJUDP nologies. Besides Tianhe, it will have two “Progressing steadily with systematic other sections, Wentian and Mengtian. and long-term planning—this is an example Expected to be launched next year, these are of how we do things,” Zhou Jianping, chief the space laboratories for conducting experi- designer of the Chinese manned space pro- ments in a wide range of areas including gram, told Xinhua News Agency. China launches the core module space medicine, technology and life science. The third step is to assemble and oper- of its space station from the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site “Building a space station and national ate a permanently crewed space station. The in Hainan Province on April 29 space laboratory is an important goal of the successful flight of the new large carrier three-step strategy of China’s manned space rocket Long March-5B in 2020 inaugurated program, and an important leading project to the new stage in the manned space program. boost the country’s strength in science and With work having started on assembling a technology, as well as in space,” Xi said. space station that will be permanently crewed, four more missions have to be completed Three-step plan this year. The Tianzhou-2 cargo spacecraft When China’s manned space program and Shenzhou-12 manned craft will dock started in 1992, the first step was to send with Tianhe. The three astronauts aboard astronauts into space and have them return Shenzhou-12 will enter the module and safely. Shenzhou-1, the country’s first ex- stay in orbit for three months. Then, cargo perimental manned spacecraft, was launched spacecraft Tianzhou-3 and manned space- with no crew in 1999 and four years later, ship Shenzhou-13 will dock with Tianhe, and Shenzhou-5 successfully sent Yang Liwei, another three astronauts will begin their six- China’s first astronaut into space. Yang, a month stay in orbit. So far, the longest stay in military pilot, was 38 at that time. The mile- space by Chinese astronauts has been 33 days. stone feat made China the third country to X Tianhe will also be a platform for sci- I N H V V U A send astronauts into space. entists to verify key technologies, such as http://www.bjreview.com MAY 13, 2021 BEIJING REVIEW 13 ÁH[LEOHVRODUZLQJVWKDWDUHXVHGWR side. It is designed to serve 10 years at the China Academy of Space Technology under provide electricity for spacecraft. “It in low-Earth orbit at an altitude of the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp. is bound to enrich our understand- 340 km to 450 km. However, the (CASC), told Xinhua. ing of the universe and promote the lifespan can exceed 15 years with He said the station would be able to support development of science, technology maintenance. maximum six astronauts together. If the Tiangong-1 and applications,” Zhou said. “Every “We will learn how to as- and Tiangong-2 are like one-bedroom apartments, mission is a test for our organiza- semble, operate and maintain large the space station can be regarded as a spacious apart- tion, management, technology and spacecraft in orbit, and we aim to ment with three bedrooms, a living room, a dining support ability.” build Tiangong into a state-level room and a storage, more than six times the area of space lab supporting the long stay Tiangong-2. A home in space of astronauts and large-scale scien- Crewed and cargo spaceships will be launched When completed, the space station tific, technological and application regularly for long-term manned presence to carry out will be T-shaped with Tianhe at the experiments,” Bai Linhou, deputy in-orbit research and services. The station will pro- center and a lab capsule on each chief designer of the space station vide the visitors with a comfortable environment, and zones for work, sleep, sanitation, dining, healthcare V C G and exercise with convenient facilities and advanced technology. Getting to know China’s space station For instance, in Tianhe, the crew will be supported by a new system that recycles urine, exhaled breath condensate and carbon dioxide for different uses, such DVÁXVKLQJWRLOHWVRUH[SHULPHQWV7KLVZLOOUHGXFHWKH Core module load of the spacecraft and cut operating costs. “We will develop the technology step by step, Space laboratory II first recycling water and oxygen in Tiangong, and then planting vegetables and crops in space to gradu- Cargo spaceship DOO\UHDOL]HIRRGVHOIVXIÀFLHQF\µ%DLVDLG Global cooperation After 2024, the International Space Station (ISS), Space laboratory I currently the only space station in orbit, built and op- erated by the space agencies of several countries, is due to retire. If that happens, then Tiangong, about a quarter of the size of the ISS, could be the only space Manned spacecraft station in Earth’s orbit at that time. China is not a partner in the ISS consortium, nor has any Chinese astronaut visited the station. Initially H[FOXGHGDVWKHÁHGJOLQJ&KLQHVHVSDFHDJHQF\ZDV regarded as being too inexperienced to contribute to space programs, China has still not been included despite the rapid development of its domestic space endeavors. However, the Chinese Government has said that it would welcome international participation Long March-5B Y2 rocket in Tiangong. “The station will contribute to the peaceful de- velopment and utilization of space resources through international cooperation,” Bai said. $ZKLWHSDSHUSXEOLVKHGLQFODULÀHV&KLQD·V position on space development, saying it is for peace- ful purposes and opposed to militarization of space. China welcomes UN members to use the space station and has announced nine international projects with 14 BEIJING REVIEW MAY 13, 2021 http://www.bjreview.com X I N H U back samples. It had started in 2004 A and last December, the return cap- sule of the Chang’e-5 lunar probe touched down in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, bringing back samples from Moon. In 2016, the number of space launches reached 22 in China, then to 39 in 2020. In 2021, the CASC alone has over 40 space launches planned, and the total number is likely to be higher with other companies, espe- cially commercial space companies, also planning similar ventures. In the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-25) period, priority sci- ence and technology projects in aerospace will be promoted and A visitor at an exhibition featuring space science and achievements during the 2021 China aerospace will be boosted as a Space Conference in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, on April 24 strategic emerging industry, Zhang Kejian, head of the China National WKH812IÀFHIRU2XWHU6SDFH$IIDLUV 81226$ in 1975, China for the first time Space Administration, said. China also looks forward to foreign astronauts’ par- launched three satellites on one rock- These will include the lunar ex- ticipation in the space station in the future because et in 1981, another breakthrough in ploration program’s fourth phase, international cooperation will promote understanding space technology. Four years later, in which China plans to build an in- between countries as well as lower costs. it announced its decision to enter ternational lunar research station on 6RIDUFRXQWULHVKDYHFRQÀUPHGWKHLUSDUWLFL- the international commercial launch Moon, interplanetary exploration pation in the nine projects and in the future, China market, making the first foray into such as asteroid reconnaissance, and UNOOSA will continue to explore more coop- the international space industry in heavy-lift carrier rockets, and reus- eration projects.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • China's Space Industry and International Collaboration
    China’s Space Industry and International Collaboration Presenter: Ju Jin Title: Minister Counselor，the Embassy of P.R.China Date: Feb 27，2008 Brief History • 52 years since 1956, first space institute established • Learning from Soviet Union until 1960 • U.S.A.’s close door policy until now • China’s self-reliance Policy Major Achievements • 12 series of Long March Launching Rockets • >100 Launches • >80 satellites in remote sensing, telecommunication, GPS, scientific experiment • Manned space flights——Shenzhou 5 (2003) and Shenzhou 6 (2005) • Lunar Exploration Project——Chang’e 1 (2007) LM-2F Launch Vehicle • Stages 1 & 2 & 4 strap-on boosters • 58.3 meters long • Launch Mass: 480 tons • Total Thrust : 600 tons • Reliability & Safety Index: 0.97 & 0.997 • 10 Sub-Systems Manned Space Flight--Shenzhou 6 Manned Space Flight--Shenzhou 6 Lunar Probe Project--Change-1 First Lunar Surface Photos Lunar Probe Project—Change 1 • 3 Years • 17,000 Scientists and Engineers • Young Team averaged in the age of 30s • 100% China-Made • Technology Breakthroughs – All-direction Antenna – Ultra-violet Sensor International Exchange and Cooperation： Main Activities Over the recent years, China has signed cooperation agreements on the peaceful use of outer space and space project cooperation agreements with Argentina, Brazil, Canada, France, Malaysia, Pakistan, Russia, Ukraine, the ESA and the European Commission, and has established space cooperation subcommittee or joint commission mechanisms with Brazil, France, Russia and Ukraine. China and the ESA z Sino-ESA Double Star Satellite Exploration of the Earth's Space Plan. z "Dragon Program," involving cooperation in Earth observation satellites, having so far conducted 16 remote-sensing application projects in the fields of agriculture, forestry, water conservancy, meteorology, oceanography and disasters.
    [Show full text]
  • China Manned Space Programme
    China Manned Space Programme Xiaobing Zhang Deputy Director Scientific Planning Bureau China Manned Space Agency [email protected] June 2015 58’COPUOS@Vienna China Manned Space Agency (CMSA) Page 1 Content ° Introduction to development strategy ° Achievements up to date ° China’s space station and its latest development ° International cooperation ° Conclusion China Manned Space Agency (CMSA) Page 2 Part I: Development strategy ° In 1992, the Chinese government approved the launch of China’s manned space programme ° Formulated the “three-step strategy” to implement the Programme China Manned Space Agency (CMSA) Page 3 Three-step strategy 3rd step : To construct China’s space station to accommodate long-term man-tended utilization on a large scale The 2 nd step : To launch space labs to make technological breakthrough in EVA, R&D, and accommodation of long- term man-tended utilization on a modest scale The 1 st step: To launch manned spaceships to master the basic human space technology China Manned Space Agency (CMSA) Page 4 Part II: Achievements up to date ° Unmanned spaceflight missions – SZ-1, 20 Nov 1999, 1 st unmanned spaceflight – SZ-2, 10 Jan 2001, 2 nd unmanned spaceflight SZ-1 SZ-2 – SZ-3, 25 Mar 2002, 3 rd unmanned spaceflight – SZ-4, 30 Dec 2002, 4 th unmanned spaceflight SZ-3 SZ-4 ° Achieved goals: – Laying a solid foundation for manned missions China Manned Space Agency (CMSA) Page 5 ° Manned spaceflight missions – Basic Human Spaceflights Shenzhou-5, 2003, 1 st manned spaceflight mission Shenzhou-6, 2005, 1 st multiple-crew
    [Show full text]
  • India and China Space Programs: from Genesis of Space Technologies to Major Space Programs and What That Means for the Internati
    University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2009 India And China Space Programs: From Genesis Of Space Technologies To Major Space Programs And What That Means For The Internati Gaurav Bhola University of Central Florida Part of the Political Science Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Bhola, Gaurav, "India And China Space Programs: From Genesis Of Space Technologies To Major Space Programs And What That Means For The Internati" (2009). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 4109. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/4109 INDIA AND CHINA SPACE PROGRAMS: FROM GENESIS OF SPACE TECHNOLOGIES TO MAJOR SPACE PROGRAMS AND WHAT THAT MEANS FOR THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY by GAURAV BHOLA B.S. University of Central Florida, 1998 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Political Science in the College of Arts and Humanities at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Summer Term 2009 Major Professor: Roger Handberg © 2009 Gaurav Bhola ii ABSTRACT The Indian and Chinese space programs have evolved into technologically advanced vehicles of national prestige and international competition for developed nations. The programs continue to evolve with impetus that India and China will have the same space capabilities as the United States with in the coming years.
    [Show full text]
  • View Pdf for Soviet Space Culture
    Volume 19, Number 3 2012 OUEST THE HISTORY OF SPACEFLIGHT QUARTERLY www.spacebusiness.com/quest Photo Credit: Robert Markowitz, NASA RECOVERING A KH-99 AN INTERVIEW NATIONAL PRESTIGE AND NACA/NASA ANALYZING TASS HEXAGON CAPSULE WITH HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT RESEARCH AIRCRAFT ANNOUNCEMENTS FROM 16,400 FEET YANG LIWEI AND AND THE BIRTH OF ON THE SOVIET BELOW THE HAI HIGANG A CHINESE PERSPECTIVE Z Z SPACE PROGRAM PACIFIC OCEAN SPACEFLIGHT Contents Volume 19 • Number 3 2012 www.spacebusiness.com/quest 4 An Underwater Ice Station Zebra More Reviews Recovering a KH-99 HEXAGON Capsule from 16,400 Feet Below the Pacific Ocean 64 Into the Blue: American Writing on Aviation and Spaceflight By David W. Waltrop Edited by Joseph J. Corn 18 National Prestige and Human Spaceflight Review by Dominick A. Pisano A Chinese Perspective 65 Destination Mars: By Liang Yang New Explorations of the Red Planet Book by Rod Pyle 31 China’s Great Leap into Space Review by Bob Craddock An Interview with Yang Liwei and Zhai Zhigang By John Vause 66 Soviet Space Culture Cosmic Enthusiasm in Socialist Societies 36 NACA/NASA Research Aircraft and the Edited by Maurer, Richers, Rüthers, and Scheide Review by Michael J. Neufeld Birth of Spaceflight By Curtis Peebles 67 The Space Shuttle: Celebrating Thirty Years of NASA’s First Space Plane Managing the News: 44 Book by Piers Bizony Analyzing TASS Announcements on the Review by Roger D. Launius Soviet Space Program (1957-11964) By Bart Hendrickx 68 The Astronaut: Cultural Mythology and Idealised Masculinity Book Reviews Book by Dario Llinares Review by Amy E.
    [Show full text]
  • Praxis Manned Spaceflight Log 1961±2006
    Praxis Manned Space¯ight Log 1961±2006 Tim Furniss and David J. Shayler with Michael D. Shayler Praxis Manned Spaceflight Log 1961±2006 Published in association with PPraxisraxis PPublishiublishingng Chichester, UK Tim Furniss David J. Shayler Space¯ight Correspondent Astronautical Historian Flight International Astro Info Service Bideford Halesowen Devon West Midlands UK UK Michael D. Shayler Editor and Designer Astro Info Service Birmingham UK SPRINGER±PRAXIS BOOKS IN SPACE EXPLORATION SUBJECT ADVISORY EDITOR: John Mason B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. ISBN 10: 0-387-34175-7 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN 13: 978-0-387-34175-0 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Springer is part of Springer-Science + Business Media (springer.com) Library of Congress Control Number: 2006937359 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. # Praxis Publishing Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2007 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a speci®c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: Jim Wilkie Project Copy Editor: Mike Shayler Typesetting: Originator Publishing Services, Gt Yarmouth, Norfolk, UK Printed on acid-free paper Contents Authors' Preface ......................................
    [Show full text]
  • China's Space Program: Options for US-China Cooperation
    Order Code RS22777 December 14, 2007 China’s Space Program: Options for U.S.-China Cooperation Jeffrey Logan Specialist in Energy Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Summary China has a determined, yet still modest, program of civilian space activities planned for the next decade. The potential for U.S.-China cooperation in space — an issue of interest to Congress — has become more controversial since the January 2007 Chinese anti-satellite test. The test reinforced concerns about Chinese intentions in outer space and jeopardized space assets of more than two dozen countries by creating a large cloud of orbital space debris. Some argue that Chinese capabilities now threaten U.S. space assets in low earth orbit. Others stress the need to expand dialogue with China. This report outlines recent activities and future plans in China’s civilian space sector. It also discusses benefits and trade-offs of possible U.S.-China collaboration in space, as well as several options to improve space relations, including information exchange, policy dialogue, and joint activities. For more information, see CRS Report RS21641, China’s Space Program: An Overview. This report will not be updated. Introduction China has made clear advances in space capabilities over the past decade. The country has launched over 100 orbital missions since 1970, including a string of 50 consecutive successful Long March rocket launches from 1996 to 2006, after overcoming technical problems with the help of U.S. companies in the mid-1990s.1 China sent humans into space in 2003 and 2005, and orbited a lunar explorer in October 2007 that is paving the way for additional moon exploration.
    [Show full text]
  • A Presentation of the Aerospace Legacy Foundation April 2011 P GA
    4/21/2011 1903 "The future is not something we enter. The future is something we create." Leonard I. Sweet A Presentation of The Aerospace Legacy Foundation April 2011 2011 G.A. Blackburn aer·o·space : -Of or relating to Earth's atmosphere and the space beyond. - Of or relating to the science or technology of flight. Typically the term is used to refer to the industry that researches, designs, manufactures, operates, and maintains vehicles moving through air and space. Aerospace is a very diverse field, with a multitude of commercial, industrial and military applications. A high technology industry that produces "aircraft, guided missiles, space vehicles, aircraft engines, propulsion units, and related parts". Copyright 2011 Aerospace Legacy Foundation, All rights reserved. 1 4/21/2011 76,094,000 281,421,906 Population Population 1927 1903 2000 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1900 2010 X-51 XB-70 Copyright 2011 Aerospace Legacy Foundation, All rights reserved. Aircraft : 312K – 17,700C – 26,500 Helicopter Weapp,ons : 89,128 Aircraft / /,p 29,700 Helicopter Satellites : 25,000 – 8,000 – 3,000 Space Probes/Space Presence Spacecraft – 448 astronauts Copyright 2011 Aerospace Legacy Foundation, All rights reserved. 2 4/21/2011 NASA Commercial Space Russia ESA China Giant Telescope Race World Markets Shifting Slow Growth Market Copyright 2011 Aerospace Legacy Foundation, All rights reserved. AAiquarius – ULA /Delt a II/V June 9 Juno ––ULAULA /AtlasNPP V – ULA /Delta II/V Shuttle STS-STS-133133 Discovery Aug 5 Oct 25 Feb 24 ISS Jupiter 2011 JFMA MJ J A SOND 2012 Shuttle STS-STS-134134 Endeavour Grail – ULA /Delta Heavy April 29 Sep.
    [Show full text]
  • The Annual Compendium of Commercial Space Transportation: 2017
    Federal Aviation Administration The Annual Compendium of Commercial Space Transportation: 2017 January 2017 Annual Compendium of Commercial Space Transportation: 2017 i Contents About the FAA Office of Commercial Space Transportation The Federal Aviation Administration’s Office of Commercial Space Transportation (FAA AST) licenses and regulates U.S. commercial space launch and reentry activity, as well as the operation of non-federal launch and reentry sites, as authorized by Executive Order 12465 and Title 51 United States Code, Subtitle V, Chapter 509 (formerly the Commercial Space Launch Act). FAA AST’s mission is to ensure public health and safety and the safety of property while protecting the national security and foreign policy interests of the United States during commercial launch and reentry operations. In addition, FAA AST is directed to encourage, facilitate, and promote commercial space launches and reentries. Additional information concerning commercial space transportation can be found on FAA AST’s website: http://www.faa.gov/go/ast Cover art: Phil Smith, The Tauri Group (2017) Publication produced for FAA AST by The Tauri Group under contract. NOTICE Use of trade names or names of manufacturers in this document does not constitute an official endorsement of such products or manufacturers, either expressed or implied, by the Federal Aviation Administration. ii Annual Compendium of Commercial Space Transportation: 2017 GENERAL CONTENTS Executive Summary 1 Introduction 5 Launch Vehicles 9 Launch and Reentry Sites 21 Payloads 35 2016 Launch Events 39 2017 Annual Commercial Space Transportation Forecast 45 Space Transportation Law and Policy 83 Appendices 89 Orbital Launch Vehicle Fact Sheets 100 iii Contents DETAILED CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .
    [Show full text]
  • BACKGROUNDER No
    BACKGROUNDER No. 3302 | MARCH 29, 2018 American Missile Defenses and China’s Wayward Space Lab: How Much Danger Does Tiangong-1 Reentry Pose? Dean Cheng Abstract Sometime in spring 2018, the Chinese space station Tiangong-1 will Key Points re-enter the atmosphere. Exactly when—and where—is unclear, and could be dangerous. It is also unclear how much control the Chinese n In the next several weeks, the Chi- have over Tiangong-1. It is possible that Beijing, if unable to control nese space station Tiangong-1 will the spacecraft, would cooperate with the U.S. and other countries in re-enter the atmosphere. Exactly when—and where—is unclear, and mitigating its effects. In that case, the United States and other nations could be dangerous. It is unclear could provide additional space tracking data. If China does not, or how much control the Chinese cannot, provide information about its ability to control the space lab’s have over Tiangong-1. final trajectory, and if it has no national contingency plans on mitigat- n It is possible that Beijing, if unable ing any possible damage, the United States and its partners should to control the spacecraft, would make clear that they will safeguard human life, and also protect their cooperate with the U.S. and other national security. countries in mitigating its effects. China, after all, has been testing ometime in the next several weeks, the Chinese space lab Tian- missile defense capabilities—and Sgong-1 will re-enter the atmosphere. The uncertainty of just Beijing may choose to employ when this 8.5-ton spacecraft will re-enter reflects the remarkable them to break up its space lab.
    [Show full text]
  • China's Human Spaceflight Program : Achievemenfs And
    China's Human Spaceflight Program : Achievemenfs and The Newest Member of the EVA Club z Milestones in Space Capability China Russia United States Satell¡te Launch 1 970 1 957 1 958 Human Launch 2003 1 961 1 962 2-man crew 2005 N/A 1 965 3-man crew 2008 1 964 1 968 Space walldEVA 2008 (14 min.) 1965 (24 min.) 1965 (20 min.) Space Laboratory ? 1971 (Salyut 1) 1s73 (Skylab) Circum-lunar flight ? ? 1968 (Apollo 8) Orion-Shenzhou-Soyuz Comparison Shenzhou is an upgraded version of the proven design of the Russian Soyuz vehicle - Shffzhd is -95+o/. ind¡gênously developed ild produced - Shszhd ¡s '13% lagêr than Soyuz - Mod¡fications to land¡ng, abort, and rænty systems Future Shenzhou missions influenced by or will utilize evolved Russ¡an designs & products - Spæe suits (EVA) - KUFS & APAS (rsndezvous arìd dock¡ng system) lmplication: Shenzhou likely compatiblø with ISS Tolål l¡¿æ - kg 6.8{Xt75m 7,840 -f6,8{þ Lenglh . m 7.ß 925 -10.m D¡amtq - m 2.t2 2,AO -5.(x) Swi€ lrodul€ M¡c- kg 2dxF2,950 3,(x)O -0,3û) Prcpêllânt ll¡æ - kg 9(X) 1,000 -3.6(x) Sdi@ lrodule L.ngth - kg 2,5 2.94 -6.m Cw Modulè M¡æ- kg 42004,300 4,760 -8,5ü) Shenzhou: Larger Cr{ Module Lênglh - m 4.50 4.86 -3.60 13'" 2 Preliminary NASA-CNSA Discussions NASA Administrator Sean O'Keefe meets with CNSA delegation in December 2004 - Sun Laiyan, Administrator of China National Space Administrator - Space applications, Earth science and space science NASA Administrator Mike Griffin Visits China in September 2006 - Discussion of regular exchanges NASA team visits CNSA in July 2008 - Formation of two working groups on Earth and space science Dependent on the broader U.S.- China relationship Ð- I - Missile sanctions on Great Wall lndustry lifted by Treasury in 2008 Chinese Human Spaceflight Capabilities .
    [Show full text]
  • La Conquete De La Lune
    LA CONQUETE DE LA LUNE De l’antiquité à nos jours Sommaire : Introduction L’origine de notre satellite. Quelques données sur la lune. Les observateurs de la lune depuis l’antiquité. La course vers la lune. L’homme sur la lune. Les missions Actuelles. Astronomie depuis la lune. Conclusion Buzz Aldrin se promène sur la lune au cours de la mission Apollo 11. Sources : Wikipédia National Geographic. Atlas du Cosmos Extrait d’une émission sur Europe 1 : interview d’Alain Sirou. Extrait du récit de Jean-Marc Trochan. Histoire pour tous. Science & Univers Science & vie (édition spéciale 1969 et 2019) Géo collection I/ Introduction : La lune Dans l’antiquité comme au 21ème siècle, notre satellite naturel a toujours constitué une puissante source d’inspiration et de fascination. La projection des rêves humains s’est faite de tous temps vers l’astre étrange qui tourne inlassablement autour du globe terrestre. La lune par ses alternances de lumière argentée et d’obscurité cendrée, par sa fidélité dans les phases a toujours eu pouvoir de fascination. Les quelques cent à deux cents milliards d’êtres humains qui ont vécu en tant qu’espèce humaine pensante (un ou deux millions d’années), ont eu les yeux sans cesse tournés vers la pâle Séléné. (En grec ancien, Séléné est la déesse de la lune). Il y a cinq mille ans, les populations inconnues pré-celtiques, qui s’étendaient sur une partie de l’Europe, élaboraient des monuments de pierre dont l’objet astronomique ne fait plus aucun doute. Ces monuments, tels Stonehenge, étaient de véritables « ordinateurs » grâce auxquels les « savants » de cette époque perdue dans la nuit des temps, prévoyaient le retour des saisons, des lunaisons et des éclipses.
    [Show full text]
  • June 2021 2019
    CURRENT AFFAIRS ORGANIC AND ORGANISED DECEMBERJUNE 2021 2019 A LETTER FROM MY HEART Dear IAS Aspirant Friends, It gives me immense pleasure to present to you the 360º Current Affairs Magazine for the month of June 2021. The dedicated team that compiles and edits Current Affairs at IAS WINNISHERS has made sincere efforts to provide to you the most relevant and important news from the point of view of Interview, Mains and especially the soon approaching Prelims. Our mission is to build IAS aspirants into human beings who can become IAS officers. In that direction, we strive to facilitate the current affairs knowledge that is ORGANIC and ORGANISED. Due to the ongoing unfortunate situation, we fully empathize with your anxiety related to the exam. This compilation aids you in your preparation, especially the soon approaching Prelims exam. This issue also carries information on INTERVIEW GUIDANCE PROGRAM conducted by IAS WINNISHERS, which has produced amazing results in the past. Get more information on our website and benefit immensely from it. Wishing You Success Vinay Kumar R Founder & CEO, IAS WINNISHERS Vinay Kumar R International NLP & IAS Coach 9036113902 | 9886273325 www.iaswinnishers.com © Winnishers Educational Services Pvt Ltd © Winnishers Educational Services Pvt Ltd 1 Contents 1. POLITY & CONSTITUTION ............................................................................................................ 8 1.1.LAST ‘D-VOTER’ WALKS OUT OF ASSAM DETENTION CENTRE ................................................................
    [Show full text]