China's Space Program: an Overview
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China Science and Technology Newsletter No. 14
CHINA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY NEWSLETTER Department of International Cooperation No.14 Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST), P.R.China July 25 2014 Special Issue: China’s Space Development Achievements and Prospects of China’s Space Development The 64th IAC Held in Beijing Shenzhou 10 Misson Successfully Accomplished Chang’e 3 Achieved Soft Landing on the Moon GF-1 Satellite - The First Satellite of CHEOS Achievements and Prospects of China’s Space Development Mr. Xu Dazhe, Chairman of China Aerospace Science in 1970 marked the start of China entering into space and and Technology Corporation (CASC) delivered a speech exploring the universe. Due to substantial governmental at the 64th International Astronautical Congress (IAC) on support and promotion, China’s space industry developed September 23, 2013, sharing experiences gained in the quite fast and has made world-known achievements. development of China’s space industry with international As the leader in China’s space sector, CASC is colleagues. assigned to develop, manufacture and test launch OUTSTANDING ACHIEVEMENTS MADE BY vehicles, manned spaceships, various satellites and CHINA’S SPACE INDUSTRY other spacecraft for major national space programs such as China’s Manned Space Program, China’s Lunar China’s space programs have had 57 years of Exploration Program, BeiDou Navigation Satellite development since the 1950s. The successful launch of System, and China’s High-Resolution Earth Observation China’s first artificial satellite Dongfanghong 1 (DFH-1) Monthly-Editorial Board:Building A8 West, Liulinguan Nanli, Haidian District, Beijing 100036, China Contact: Prof.Zhang Ning E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] http://www.caistc.com System. -
China's Space Industry and International Collaboration
China’s Space Industry and International Collaboration Presenter: Ju Jin Title: Minister Counselor,the Embassy of P.R.China Date: Feb 27,2008 Brief History • 52 years since 1956, first space institute established • Learning from Soviet Union until 1960 • U.S.A.’s close door policy until now • China’s self-reliance Policy Major Achievements • 12 series of Long March Launching Rockets • >100 Launches • >80 satellites in remote sensing, telecommunication, GPS, scientific experiment • Manned space flights——Shenzhou 5 (2003) and Shenzhou 6 (2005) • Lunar Exploration Project——Chang’e 1 (2007) LM-2F Launch Vehicle • Stages 1 & 2 & 4 strap-on boosters • 58.3 meters long • Launch Mass: 480 tons • Total Thrust : 600 tons • Reliability & Safety Index: 0.97 & 0.997 • 10 Sub-Systems Manned Space Flight--Shenzhou 6 Manned Space Flight--Shenzhou 6 Lunar Probe Project--Change-1 First Lunar Surface Photos Lunar Probe Project—Change 1 • 3 Years • 17,000 Scientists and Engineers • Young Team averaged in the age of 30s • 100% China-Made • Technology Breakthroughs – All-direction Antenna – Ultra-violet Sensor International Exchange and Cooperation: Main Activities Over the recent years, China has signed cooperation agreements on the peaceful use of outer space and space project cooperation agreements with Argentina, Brazil, Canada, France, Malaysia, Pakistan, Russia, Ukraine, the ESA and the European Commission, and has established space cooperation subcommittee or joint commission mechanisms with Brazil, France, Russia and Ukraine. China and the ESA z Sino-ESA Double Star Satellite Exploration of the Earth's Space Plan. z "Dragon Program," involving cooperation in Earth observation satellites, having so far conducted 16 remote-sensing application projects in the fields of agriculture, forestry, water conservancy, meteorology, oceanography and disasters. -
Options for U.S.-China Cooperation
Order Code RS22777 December 14, 2007 China’s Space Program: Options for U.S.-China Cooperation Jeffrey Logan Specialist in Energy Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Summary China has a determined, yet still modest, program of civilian space activities planned for the next decade. The potential for U.S.-China cooperation in space — an issue of interest to Congress — has become more controversial since the January 2007 Chinese anti-satellite test. The test reinforced concerns about Chinese intentions in outer space and jeopardized space assets of more than two dozen countries by creating a large cloud of orbital space debris. Some argue that Chinese capabilities now threaten U.S. space assets in low earth orbit. Others stress the need to expand dialogue with China. This report outlines recent activities and future plans in China’s civilian space sector. It also discusses benefits and trade-offs of possible U.S.-China collaboration in space, as well as several options to improve space relations, including information exchange, policy dialogue, and joint activities. For more information, see CRS Report RS21641, China’s Space Program: An Overview. This report will not be updated. Introduction China has made clear advances in space capabilities over the past decade. The country has launched over 100 orbital missions since 1970, including a string of 50 consecutive successful Long March rocket launches from 1996 to 2006, after overcoming technical problems with the help of U.S. companies in the mid-1990s.1 China sent humans into space in 2003 and 2005, and orbited a lunar explorer in October 2007 that is paving the way for additional moon exploration. -
The Space Race
The Space Race Aims: To arrange the key events of the “Space Race” in chronological order. To decide which country won the Space Race. Space – the Final Frontier “Space” is everything Atmosphere that exists outside of our planet’s atmosphere. The atmosphere is the layer of Earth gas which surrounds our planet. Without it, none of us would be able to breathe! Space The sun is a star which is orbited (circled) by a system of planets. Earth is the third planet from the sun. There are nine planets in our solar system. How many of the other eight can you name? Neptune Saturn Mars Venus SUN Pluto Uranus Jupiter EARTH Mercury What has this got to do with the COLD WAR? Another element of the Cold War was the race to control the final frontier – outer space! Why do you think this would be so important? The Space Race was considered important because it showed the world which country had the best science, technology, and economic system. It would prove which country was the greatest of the superpowers, the USSR or the USA, and which political system was the best – communism or capitalism. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xvaEvCNZymo The Space Race – key events Discuss the following slides in your groups. For each slide, try to agree on: • which of the three options is correct • whether this was an achievement of the Soviet Union (USSR) or the Americans (USA). When did humans first send a satellite into orbit around the Earth? 1940s, 1950s or 1960s? Sputnik 1 was launched in October 1957. -
China's Space Program
China’s Space Program An Introduction China’s Space Program ● Motivations ● Organization ● Programs ○ Satellites ○ Manned Space flight ○ Lunar Exploration Program ○ International Relations ● Summary China’s Space Program Motivations Stated Purpose ● Explore outer space and to enhance understanding of the Earth and the cosmos ● Utilize outer space for peaceful purposes, promote human civilization and social progress, and to benefit the whole of mankind ● Meet the demands of economic development, scientific and technological development, national security and social progress ● Improve the scientific and cultural knowledge of the Chinese people ● Protect China's national rights and interests ● Build up China’s national comprehensive strength National Space Motivations • Preservation of its political system is overriding goal • The CCP prioritizes investments into space technology ○ Establish PRC as an equal among world powers ○ Space for international competition and cooperation ○ Manned spaceflight ● Foster national pride ● Enhance the domestic and international legitimacy of the CCP. ○ Space technology is metric of political legitimacy, national power, and status globally China’s Space Program Organization The China National Space Administration (CNSA) ● The China National Space Administration (CNSA, GuóJiā HángTiān Jú,) ○ National space agency of the People's Republic of China ○ Responsible for the national space program. ■ Planning and development of space activities. The China National Space Administration ● CNSA and China Aerospace -
China Manned Space Programme
China Manned Space Programme Xiaobing Zhang Deputy Director Scientific Planning Bureau China Manned Space Agency [email protected] June 2015 58’COPUOS@Vienna China Manned Space Agency (CMSA) Page 1 Content ° Introduction to development strategy ° Achievements up to date ° China’s space station and its latest development ° International cooperation ° Conclusion China Manned Space Agency (CMSA) Page 2 Part I: Development strategy ° In 1992, the Chinese government approved the launch of China’s manned space programme ° Formulated the “three-step strategy” to implement the Programme China Manned Space Agency (CMSA) Page 3 Three-step strategy 3rd step : To construct China’s space station to accommodate long-term man-tended utilization on a large scale The 2 nd step : To launch space labs to make technological breakthrough in EVA, R&D, and accommodation of long- term man-tended utilization on a modest scale The 1 st step: To launch manned spaceships to master the basic human space technology China Manned Space Agency (CMSA) Page 4 Part II: Achievements up to date ° Unmanned spaceflight missions – SZ-1, 20 Nov 1999, 1 st unmanned spaceflight – SZ-2, 10 Jan 2001, 2 nd unmanned spaceflight SZ-1 SZ-2 – SZ-3, 25 Mar 2002, 3 rd unmanned spaceflight – SZ-4, 30 Dec 2002, 4 th unmanned spaceflight SZ-3 SZ-4 ° Achieved goals: – Laying a solid foundation for manned missions China Manned Space Agency (CMSA) Page 5 ° Manned spaceflight missions – Basic Human Spaceflights Shenzhou-5, 2003, 1 st manned spaceflight mission Shenzhou-6, 2005, 1 st multiple-crew -
India and China Space Programs: from Genesis of Space Technologies to Major Space Programs and What That Means for the Internati
University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2009 India And China Space Programs: From Genesis Of Space Technologies To Major Space Programs And What That Means For The Internati Gaurav Bhola University of Central Florida Part of the Political Science Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Bhola, Gaurav, "India And China Space Programs: From Genesis Of Space Technologies To Major Space Programs And What That Means For The Internati" (2009). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 4109. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/4109 INDIA AND CHINA SPACE PROGRAMS: FROM GENESIS OF SPACE TECHNOLOGIES TO MAJOR SPACE PROGRAMS AND WHAT THAT MEANS FOR THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY by GAURAV BHOLA B.S. University of Central Florida, 1998 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Political Science in the College of Arts and Humanities at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Summer Term 2009 Major Professor: Roger Handberg © 2009 Gaurav Bhola ii ABSTRACT The Indian and Chinese space programs have evolved into technologically advanced vehicles of national prestige and international competition for developed nations. The programs continue to evolve with impetus that India and China will have the same space capabilities as the United States with in the coming years. -
Praxis Manned Spaceflight Log 1961±2006
Praxis Manned Space¯ight Log 1961±2006 Tim Furniss and David J. Shayler with Michael D. Shayler Praxis Manned Spaceflight Log 1961±2006 Published in association with PPraxisraxis PPublishiublishingng Chichester, UK Tim Furniss David J. Shayler Space¯ight Correspondent Astronautical Historian Flight International Astro Info Service Bideford Halesowen Devon West Midlands UK UK Michael D. Shayler Editor and Designer Astro Info Service Birmingham UK SPRINGER±PRAXIS BOOKS IN SPACE EXPLORATION SUBJECT ADVISORY EDITOR: John Mason B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. ISBN 10: 0-387-34175-7 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN 13: 978-0-387-34175-0 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Springer is part of Springer-Science + Business Media (springer.com) Library of Congress Control Number: 2006937359 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. # Praxis Publishing Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2007 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a speci®c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: Jim Wilkie Project Copy Editor: Mike Shayler Typesetting: Originator Publishing Services, Gt Yarmouth, Norfolk, UK Printed on acid-free paper Contents Authors' Preface ...................................... -
Master Thesis
Master’s Thesis 2018 30 ECTS Department of International Environment and Development Studies Katharina Glaab Dividing Heaven: Investigating the Influence of the U.S. Ban on Cooperation with China on the Development of Global Outer Space Governance Robert Ronci International Relations LANDSAM The Department of International Environment and Development Studies, Noragric, is the international gateway for the Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU). Established in 1986, Noragric’s contribution to international development lies in the interface between research, education (Bachelor, Master and PhD programmes) and assignments. The Noragric Master’s theses are the final theses submitted by students in order to fulfil the requirements under the Noragric Master’s programmes ‘International Environmental Studies’, ‘International Development Studies’ and ‘International Relations’. The findings in this thesis do not necessarily reflect the views of Noragric. Extracts from this publication may only be reproduced after prior consultation with the author and on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation contact Noragric. © Robert Ronci, May 2018 [email protected] Noragric Department of International Environment and Development Studies The Faculty of Landscape and Society P.O. Box 5003 N-1432 Ås Norway Tel.: +47 67 23 00 00 Internet: https://www.nmbu.no/fakultet/landsam/institutt/noragric i ii Declaration I, Robert Jay Ronci, declare that this thesis is a result of my research investigations and findings. Sources of information other than my own have been acknowledged and a reference list has been appended. This work has not been previously submitted to any other university for award of any type of academic degree. -
L-8: Enabling Human Spaceflight Exploration Systems & Technology
Johnson Space Center Engineering Directorate L-8: Enabling Human Spaceflight Exploration Systems & Technology Development Public Release Notice This document has been reviewed for technical accuracy, business/management sensitivity, and export control compliance. It is Montgomery Goforth suitable for public release without restrictions per NF1676 #37965. November 2016 www.nasa.gov 1 NASA’s Journey to Mars Engineering Priorities 1. Enhance ISS: Enhanced missions and systems reliability per ISS customer needs 2. Accelerate Orion: Safe, successful, affordable, and ahead of schedule 3. Enable commercial crew success 4. Human Spaceflight (HSF) exploration systems development • Technology required to enable exploration beyond LEO • System and subsystem development for beyond LEO HSF exploration JSC Engineering’s Internal Goal for Exploration • Priorities are nice, but they are not enough. • We needed a meaningful goal. • We needed a deadline. • Our Goal: Get within 8 years of launching humans to Mars (L-8) by 2025 • Develop and mature the technologies and systems needed • Develop and mature the personnel needed L-8 Characterizing L-8 JSC Engineering: HSF Exploration Systems Development • L-8 Is Not: • A program to go to Mars • Another Technology Road-Mapping effort • L-8 Is: • A way to translate Agency Technology Roadmaps and Architectures/Scenarios into a meaningful path for JSC Engineering to follow. • A way of focusing Engineering’s efforts and L-8 identifying our dependencies • A way to ensure Engineering personnel are ready to step up -
The Esa Exploration Programme – Exomars and Beyond
Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVI (2005) 2408.pdf THE ESA EXPLORATION PROGRAMME – EXOMARS AND BEYOND. G. Kminek1 and the Exploration Team, 1European Space Agency, D/HME, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands, [email protected]. Management and Organization: The countries Technology Development for Exploration: Two participating in the European Exploration Programme categories for exploration technology developments Aurora have recently confirmed and increased their have been identified: contribution. The ESA Council has later approved the Generic Exploration Technology: They have a Agency’s budgets for 2005, including the budget for long-term strategic value, both for robotic and human Aurora. These developments enable major industrial exploration missions. Planetary protection, habitable activities to continue in line with original plans. These systems, risk assessment for human missions to planets, include work on the ExoMars mission and the Mars grey and black water recycling as well as psychological Sample Return mission, in-orbit assembly, rendezvous support for the Concordia Antarctic Station, Facility and docking, habitation and life support systems plus a for Integrated Planetary Exploration Simulations are broad range of technology development work. examples of selected generic exploration technologies. The Aurora Exploration Programme has been inte- Mission Specific Technologies: Specifically devel- grated into the Human Spaceflight and Microgravity oped for the programme’s missions, and will eventually Directorate , which now forms the Human Spaceflight, be implemented after reaching a minimum technology Microgravity, and Exploration Directorate of ESA. readiness level. EVD, sealing and sealing monitoring Early Robotic Missions: Robotic mission have technology, containment technology, specific instru- been identified as necessary prerequisite before send- ment developments, sample handling and distribution ing human to Mars. -
Human Spaceflight in Social Media: Promoting Space Exploration Through Twitter
Human Spaceflight in Social Media: Promoting Space Exploration Through Twitter Pierre J. Bertrand,1 Savannah L. Niles,2 and Dava J. Newman1,3 turn back now would be to deny our history, our capabilities,’’ said James Michener.1 The aerospace industry has successfully 1 Man-Vehicle Laboratory, Department of Aeronautics and Astro- commercialized Earth applications for space technologies, but nautics; 2Media Lab, Department of Media Arts and Sciences; and 3 human space exploration seems to lack support from both fi- Department of Engineering Systems, Massachusetts Institute of nancial and human public interest perspectives. Space agencies Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. no longer enjoy the political support and public enthusiasm that historically drove the human spaceflight programs. If one uses ABSTRACT constant year dollars, the $16B National Aeronautics and While space-based technologies for Earth applications are flourish- Space Administration (NASA) budget dedicated for human ing, space exploration activities suffer from a lack of public aware- spaceflight in the Apollo era has fallen to $7.9B in 2014, of ness as well as decreasing budgets. However, space exploration which 41% is dedicated to operations covering the Internati- benefits are numerous and include significant science, technological onal Space Station (ISS), the Space Launch System (SLS) and development, socioeconomic benefits, education, and leadership Orion, and commercial crew programs.2 The European Space contributions. Recent robotic exploration missions have