Collision Avoidance Maneuvers
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NASA Johnson Space Center Houston, Texas 77058 October 1999 Volume 4, Issue 4
A publication of The Orbital Debris Program Office NASA Johnson Space Center Houston, Texas 77058 October 1999 Volume 4, Issue 4. NEWS Marshall Researchers Developing Patch Kit to Mitigate ISS Impact Damage Stephen B. Hall, FD23A procedure and developmental status. external patching for several reasons: time KERMIt Lead Engineer constraints, accessibility, work envelope, Marshall Space Flight Center External Repair Rationale collateral damage and EVA suit compatibility. KERMIt, a Kit for External Repair of The decision was made to develop a kit for A primary risk factor in repairing Module Impacts, is now punctured modules is the being developed at the time constraint involved. Marshall Space Flight Even given the relatively Center in Huntsville, Ala. large volume of air within Its purpose: to seal the Space Station upon punctures in the assembly completion, International Space Station analyses have shown that a caused by collisions with 1-inch-diameter hole can meteoroids or space cause pressure to drop to debris. The kit will enable unacceptable levels in just crewmembers to seal one hour. In that timeframe, punctures from outside the crew must conclude a damaged modules that module has been punctured, have lost atmospheric determine its location, pressure. Delivery of the remove obstructions kit for operational use is restricting access, obtain a scheduled for next year. repair kit and seal the leak. This article -- which This action would be a expands on material challenge even if the crew appearing in the July 1999 was not injured and no issue of “Orbital Debris significant subsystem Quarterly” -- discusses the damage had occurred. rationale for an externally applied patch, Astronaut installing toggle bolt in simulated puncture sample plate on Laboratory requirements influencing Module in Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory. -
AI, Robots, and Swarms: Issues, Questions, and Recommended Studies
AI, Robots, and Swarms Issues, Questions, and Recommended Studies Andrew Ilachinski January 2017 Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited. This document contains the best opinion of CNA at the time of issue. It does not necessarily represent the opinion of the sponsor. Distribution Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited. Specific authority: N00014-11-D-0323. Copies of this document can be obtained through the Defense Technical Information Center at www.dtic.mil or contact CNA Document Control and Distribution Section at 703-824-2123. Photography Credits: http://www.darpa.mil/DDM_Gallery/Small_Gremlins_Web.jpg; http://4810-presscdn-0-38.pagely.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/ Robotics.jpg; http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-edia/image/upload/18kxb5jw3e01ujpg.jpg Approved by: January 2017 Dr. David A. Broyles Special Activities and Innovation Operations Evaluation Group Copyright © 2017 CNA Abstract The military is on the cusp of a major technological revolution, in which warfare is conducted by unmanned and increasingly autonomous weapon systems. However, unlike the last “sea change,” during the Cold War, when advanced technologies were developed primarily by the Department of Defense (DoD), the key technology enablers today are being developed mostly in the commercial world. This study looks at the state-of-the-art of AI, machine-learning, and robot technologies, and their potential future military implications for autonomous (and semi-autonomous) weapon systems. While no one can predict how AI will evolve or predict its impact on the development of military autonomous systems, it is possible to anticipate many of the conceptual, technical, and operational challenges that DoD will face as it increasingly turns to AI-based technologies. -
L AUNCH SYSTEMS Databk7 Collected.Book Page 18 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM Databk7 Collected.Book Page 19 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM
databk7_collected.book Page 17 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM CHAPTER TWO L AUNCH SYSTEMS databk7_collected.book Page 18 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM databk7_collected.book Page 19 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM CHAPTER TWO L AUNCH SYSTEMS Introduction Launch systems provide access to space, necessary for the majority of NASA’s activities. During the decade from 1989–1998, NASA used two types of launch systems, one consisting of several families of expendable launch vehicles (ELV) and the second consisting of the world’s only partially reusable launch system—the Space Shuttle. A significant challenge NASA faced during the decade was the development of technologies needed to design and implement a new reusable launch system that would prove less expensive than the Shuttle. Although some attempts seemed promising, none succeeded. This chapter addresses most subjects relating to access to space and space transportation. It discusses and describes ELVs, the Space Shuttle in its launch vehicle function, and NASA’s attempts to develop new launch systems. Tables relating to each launch vehicle’s characteristics are included. The other functions of the Space Shuttle—as a scientific laboratory, staging area for repair missions, and a prime element of the Space Station program—are discussed in the next chapter, Human Spaceflight. This chapter also provides a brief review of launch systems in the past decade, an overview of policy relating to launch systems, a summary of the management of NASA’s launch systems programs, and tables of funding data. The Last Decade Reviewed (1979–1988) From 1979 through 1988, NASA used families of ELVs that had seen service during the previous decade. -
*Pres Report 97
42 APPENDIX C U.S. and Russian Human Space Flights 1961–September 30, 1997 Spacecraft Launch Date Crew Flight Time Highlights (days:hrs:min) Vostok 1 Apr. 12, 1961 Yury A. Gagarin 0:1:48 First human flight. Mercury-Redstone 3 May 5, 1961 Alan B. Shepard, Jr. 0:0:15 First U.S. flight; suborbital. Mercury-Redstone 4 July 21, 1961 Virgil I. Grissom 0:0:16 Suborbital; capsule sank after landing; astronaut safe. Vostok 2 Aug. 6, 1961 German S. Titov 1:1:18 First flight exceeding 24 hrs. Mercury-Atlas 6 Feb. 20, 1962 John H. Glenn, Jr. 0:4:55 First American to orbit. Mercury-Atlas 7 May 24, 1962 M. Scott Carpenter 0:4:56 Landed 400 km beyond target. Vostok 3 Aug. 11, 1962 Andriyan G. Nikolayev 3:22:25 First dual mission (with Vostok 4). Vostok 4 Aug. 12, 1962 Pavel R. Popovich 2:22:59 Came within 6 km of Vostok 3. Mercury-Atlas 8 Oct. 3, 1962 Walter M. Schirra, Jr. 0:9:13 Landed 8 km from target. Mercury-Atlas 9 May 15, 1963 L. Gordon Cooper, Jr. 1:10:20 First U.S. flight exceeding 24 hrs. Vostok 5 June 14, 1963 Valery F. Bykovskiy 4:23:6 Second dual mission (withVostok 6). Vostok 6 June 16, 1963 Valentina V. Tereshkova 2:22:50 First woman in space; within 5 km of Vostok 5. Voskhod 1 Oct. 12, 1964 Vladimir M. Komarov 1:0:17 First three-person crew. Konstantin P. Feoktistov Boris G. Yegorov Voskhod 2 Mar. 18, 1965 Pavel I. -
Securing Japan an Assessment of Japan´S Strategy for Space
Full Report Securing Japan An assessment of Japan´s strategy for space Report: Title: “ESPI Report 74 - Securing Japan - Full Report” Published: July 2020 ISSN: 2218-0931 (print) • 2076-6688 (online) Editor and publisher: European Space Policy Institute (ESPI) Schwarzenbergplatz 6 • 1030 Vienna • Austria Phone: +43 1 718 11 18 -0 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.espi.or.at Rights reserved - No part of this report may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose without permission from ESPI. Citations and extracts to be published by other means are subject to mentioning “ESPI Report 74 - Securing Japan - Full Report, July 2020. All rights reserved” and sample transmission to ESPI before publishing. ESPI is not responsible for any losses, injury or damage caused to any person or property (including under contract, by negligence, product liability or otherwise) whether they may be direct or indirect, special, incidental or consequential, resulting from the information contained in this publication. Design: copylot.at Cover page picture credit: European Space Agency (ESA) TABLE OF CONTENT 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background and rationales ............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Objectives of the Study ................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Methodology -
Spacecraft Dormancy Autonomy Analysis for a Crewed Martian Mission
NASA/TM-2018-219965 Spacecraft Dormancy Autonomy Analysis for a Crewed Martian Mission Julia Badger Lead Author, Editor Contributors: Avionics Don Higbee Communications Tim Kennedy, Sharada Vitalpur ECLSS Miriam Sargusingh, Sarah Shull Guidance, Navigation and Control Bill Othon Power Francis J. Davies Propulsion Eric Hurlbert Robotics Julia Badger Software Neil Townsend Spacecraft Emergency Responses Jeff Mauldin, Emily Nelson Structures Kornel Nagy Thermal Katy Hurlbert Vehicle Systems Management Jeremy Frank Crew Perspective Stan Love National Aeronautics and Space Administration July 2018 NASA STI Program ... in Profile Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to the CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. advancement of aeronautics and space science. The Collected papers from scientific and NASA scientific and technical information (STI) technical conferences, symposia, seminars, program plays a key part in helping NASA maintain or other meetings sponsored or this important role. co-sponsored by NASA. The NASA STI program operates under the SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, auspices of the Agency Chief Information Officer. technical, or historical information from It collects, organizes, provides for archiving, and NASA programs, projects, and missions, disseminates NASA’s STI. The NASA STI often concerned with subjects having program provides access to the NTRS Registered substantial public interest. and its public interface, the NASA Technical Report Server, thus providing one of the largest TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. collections of aeronautical and space science STI in English-language translations of foreign the world. Results are published in both non-NASA scientific and technical material pertinent to channels and by NASA in the NASA STI Report NASA’s mission. Series, which includes the following report types: Specialized services also include organizing TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. -
The Cassini-Huygens Mission Overview
SpaceOps 2006 Conference AIAA 2006-5502 The Cassini-Huygens Mission Overview N. Vandermey and B. G. Paczkowski Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 The Cassini-Huygens Program is an international science mission to the Saturnian system. Three space agencies and seventeen nations contributed to building the Cassini spacecraft and Huygens probe. The Cassini orbiter is managed and operated by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The Huygens probe was built and operated by the European Space Agency. The mission design for Cassini-Huygens calls for a four-year orbital survey of Saturn, its rings, magnetosphere, and satellites, and the descent into Titan’s atmosphere of the Huygens probe. The Cassini orbiter tour consists of 76 orbits around Saturn with 45 close Titan flybys and 8 targeted icy satellite flybys. The Cassini orbiter spacecraft carries twelve scientific instruments that are performing a wide range of observations on a multitude of designated targets. The Huygens probe carried six additional instruments that provided in-situ sampling of the atmosphere and surface of Titan. The multi-national nature of this mission poses significant challenges in the area of flight operations. This paper will provide an overview of the mission, spacecraft, organization and flight operations environment used for the Cassini-Huygens Mission. It will address the operational complexities of the spacecraft and the science instruments and the approach used by Cassini- Huygens to address these issues. I. The Mission Saturn has fascinated observers for over 300 years. The only planet whose rings were visible from Earth with primitive telescopes, it was not until the age of robotic spacecraft that questions about the Saturnian system’s composition could be answered. -
Gait Optimization for Multi-Legged Walking Robots, with Application to a Lunar Hexapod
GAIT OPTIMIZATION FOR MULTI-LEGGED WALKING ROBOTS, WITH APPLICATION TO A LUNAR HEXAPOD A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS AND THE COMMITTEE ON GRADUATE STUDIES OF STANFORD UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Daniel Ch´avez-Clemente January 2011 © 2011 by Daniel Chavez Clemente. All Rights Reserved. Re-distributed by Stanford University under license with the author. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial 3.0 United States License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/ This dissertation is online at: http://purl.stanford.edu/px063cb7934 Includes supplemental files: 1. This video shows a simulation of the zero-interaction gait optimization for the ATHLETE robot. (DanielChavezSwaySimulation.wmv) ii I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Stephen Rock, Primary Adviser I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. J Gerdes I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Jean-Claude Latombe I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Terrence Fong Approved for the Stanford University Committee on Graduate Studies. -
Trends in Space Commerce
Foreword from the Secretary of Commerce As the United States seeks opportunities to expand our economy, commercial use of space resources continues to increase in importance. The use of space as a platform for increasing the benefits of our technological evolution continues to increase in a way that profoundly affects us all. Whether we use these resources to synchronize communications networks, to improve agriculture through precision farming assisted by imagery and positioning data from satellites, or to receive entertainment from direct-to-home satellite transmissions, commercial space is an increasingly large and important part of our economy and our information infrastructure. Once dominated by government investment, commercial interests play an increasing role in the space industry. As the voice of industry within the U.S. Government, the Department of Commerce plays a critical role in commercial space. Through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Department of Commerce licenses the operation of commercial remote sensing satellites. Through the International Trade Administration, the Department of Commerce seeks to improve U.S. industrial exports in the global space market. Through the National Telecommunications and Information Administration, the Department of Commerce assists in the coordination of the radio spectrum used by satellites. And, through the Technology Administration's Office of Space Commercialization, the Department of Commerce plays a central role in the management of the Global Positioning System and advocates the views of industry within U.S. Government policy making processes. I am pleased to commend for your review the Office of Space Commercialization's most recent publication, Trends in Space Commerce. The report presents a snapshot of U.S. -
Structural Design for Combined Mechanical and Thermal Loads
Structural The Space Shuttle—a mostly reusable, human-rated launch vehicle, spacecraft, space habitat, laboratory, re-entry vehicle, and Design aircraft—was an unprecedented structural engineering challenge. The design had to meet several demands, which resulted in innovative Introduction solutions. The vehicle needed to be highly reliable for environments Gail Chapline that could not be simulated on Earth or fully modeled analytically Orbiter Structural Design for combined mechanical and thermal loads. It had to accommodate Thomas Moser payloads that were not defined or characterized. It needed to be weight Glenn Miller efficient by employing a greater use of advanced composite materials, Shuttle Wing Loads—Testing and Modification Led to Greater Capacity and it had to rely on fracture mechanics for design with acceptable Tom Modlin life requirements. It also had to be certified to meet strength and life Innovative Concept for Jackscrews requirements by innovative methods. During the Space Shuttle Prevented Catastrophic Failures John Fraley Program, many such structural design innovations were developed Richard Ring and extended to vehicle processing from flight to flight. Charles Stevenson Ivan Velez Orbiter Structure Qualification Thomas Moser Glenn Miller Space Shuttle Pogo— NASA Eliminates “Bad Vibrations” Tom Modlin Pressure Vessel Experience Scott Forth Glenn Ecord Willard Castner Nozzle Flexible Bearing— Steering the Reusable Solid Rocket Motor Coy Jordan Fracture Control Technology Innovations— From the Space Shuttle Program to Worldwide Use Joachim Beek Royce Forman Glenn Ecord Willard Castner Gwyn Faile Space Shuttle Main Engine Fracture Control Gregory Swanson Katherine Van Hooser 270 Engineering Innovations Orbiter Structural beyond the state of the art were needed. -
China Dream, Space Dream: China's Progress in Space Technologies and Implications for the United States
China Dream, Space Dream 中国梦,航天梦China’s Progress in Space Technologies and Implications for the United States A report prepared for the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission Kevin Pollpeter Eric Anderson Jordan Wilson Fan Yang Acknowledgements: The authors would like to thank Dr. Patrick Besha and Dr. Scott Pace for reviewing a previous draft of this report. They would also like to thank Lynne Bush and Bret Silvis for their master editing skills. Of course, any errors or omissions are the fault of authors. Disclaimer: This research report was prepared at the request of the Commission to support its deliberations. Posting of the report to the Commission's website is intended to promote greater public understanding of the issues addressed by the Commission in its ongoing assessment of U.S.-China economic relations and their implications for U.S. security, as mandated by Public Law 106-398 and Public Law 108-7. However, it does not necessarily imply an endorsement by the Commission or any individual Commissioner of the views or conclusions expressed in this commissioned research report. CONTENTS Acronyms ......................................................................................................................................... i Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................... iii Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1 -
NASA Range Capabilities Roadmap
NASA Transformational Spaceport and Range Capabilities Roadmap Interim Review to National Research Council External Review Panel March 31, 2005 Karen Poniatowski NASA Space Operation Mission Directorate Asst. Assoc. Administrator, Launch Services Agenda • Overview/Introduction • Roadmap Approach/Considerations – Roadmap Timeline/Spirals – Requirements Development • Spaceport/Range Capabilities – Mixed Range Architecture • User Requirements/Customer Considerations – Manifest Considerations – Emerging Launch User Requirements • Capability Breakdown Structure/Assessment • Roadmap Team Observations – Transformational Range Test Concept • Roadmap Team Conclusions • Next Steps 2 National Space Transportation Policy Signed December 2004 • National Policy Focus on Assuring Access to Space “The Federal space launch bases and ranges are vital components of the U.S. space transportation infrastructure and are national assets upon which access to space depends for national security, civil, and commercial purposes. The Secretary of Defense and the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration shall operate the Federal launch bases and ranges in a manner so as to accommodate users from all sectors; and shall transfer these capabilities to a predominantly space-based range architecture to accommodate, among others, operationally responsive space launch systems and new users.” • NASA seeks to link the Transformational Spaceport and Range Capability Roadmap activity with the new National Space Transportation Policy direction as we