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Party Leaders in the United States Congress, 1789-2019
Party Leaders in the United States Congress, 1789-2019 Valerie Heitshusen Specialist on Congress and the Legislative Process Updated September 4, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov RL30567 Party Leaders in the United States Congress, 1789-2019 Summary This report briefly describes current responsibilities and selection mechanisms for 15 House and Senate party leadership posts and provides tables with historical data, including service dates, party affiliation, and other information for each. Tables have been updated as of the report’s issuance date to reflect leadership changes. Although party divisions appeared almost from the First Congress, the formally structured party leadership organizations now taken for granted are a relatively modern development. Constitutionally specified leaders, namely the Speaker of the House and the President pro tempore of the Senate, can be identified since the First Congress. Other leadership posts, however, were not formally recognized until about the middle of the 19th century, and some are 20th-century creations. In the earliest Congresses, those House Members who took some role in leading their parties were often designated by the President as his spokesperson in the chamber. By the early 1800s, an informal system developed when the Speaker began naming his lieutenant to chair one of the most influential House committees. Eventually, other Members wielded significant influence via other committee posts (e.g., the post-1880 Committee on Rules). By the end of the 19th century, the formal position of floor leaders had been established in the House. The Senate was slower than the House to develop formal party leadership positions, and there are similar problems in identifying individual early leaders. -
Judges of the Ninth Circuit
Golden Gate University Law Review Volume 34 Article 2 Issue 1 Ninth Circuit Survey January 2004 Judges of the Ninth Circuit Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/ggulrev Part of the Judges Commons, and the Legal Biography Commons Recommended Citation , Judges of the Ninth Circuit, 34 Golden Gate U. L. Rev. (2004). http://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/ggulrev/vol34/iss1/2 This Introduction is brought to you for free and open access by the Academic Journals at GGU Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Golden Gate University Law Review by an authorized administrator of GGU Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. et al.: Judges of the Ninth Circuit JUDGES OF THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT* CIDEF JunGE MARy M. SCHROEDER Chief Judge Mary M. Schroeder became Chief Judge of the Ninth Circuit Court on December 1, 2000 and is the first woman chief judge of the nation's largest judicial circuit. She is serving a seven-year term as Chief Judge. As Chief Judge, Judge Schroeder assumed the administrative responsibilities of both the court of appeals and the Judicial Council of the Ninth Circuit, a board of judges governing the region. President Carter appointed Judge Schroeder to the Ninth Circuit on September 25, 1979. Judge Schroeder graduated from Swarthmore College with a B.A. in 1962, and from the University of Chicago with a J.D. in 1965. At the University of Chicago, she was one of only six women in her law school class. -
Perceptual Interactions of Pitch and Timbre: an Experimental Study on Pitch-Interval Recognition with Analytical Applications
Perceptual interactions of pitch and timbre: An experimental study on pitch-interval recognition with analytical applications SARAH GATES Music Theory Area Department of Music Research Schulich School of Music McGill University Montréal • Quebec • Canada August 2015 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts. Copyright © 2015 • Sarah Gates Contents List of Figures v List of Tables vi List of Examples vii Abstract ix Résumé xi Acknowledgements xiii Author Contributions xiv Introduction 1 Pitch, Timbre and their Interaction • Klangfarbenmelodie • Goals of the Current Project 1 Literature Review 7 Pitch-Timbre Interactions • Unanswered Questions • Resulting Goals and Hypotheses • Pitch-Interval Recognition 2 Experimental Investigation 19 2.1 Aims and Hypotheses of Current Experiment 19 2.2 Experiment 1: Timbre Selection on the Basis of Dissimilarity 20 A. Rationale 20 B. Methods 21 Participants • Stimuli • Apparatus • Procedure C. Results 23 2.3 Experiment 2: Interval Identification 26 A. Rationale 26 i B. Method 26 Participants • Stimuli • Apparatus • Procedure • Evaluation of Trials • Speech Errors and Evaluation Method C. Results 37 Accuracy • Response Time D. Discussion 51 2.4 Conclusions and Future Directions 55 3 Theoretical Investigation 58 3.1 Introduction 58 3.2 Auditory Scene Analysis 59 3.3 Carter Duets and Klangfarbenmelodie 62 Esprit Rude/Esprit Doux • Carter and Klangfarbenmelodie: Examples with Timbral Dissimilarity • Conclusions about Carter 3.4 Webern and Klangfarbenmelodie in Quartet op. 22 and Concerto op 24 83 Quartet op. 22 • Klangfarbenmelodie in Webern’s Concerto op. 24, mvt II: Timbre’s effect on Motivic and Formal Boundaries 3.5 Closing Remarks 110 4 Conclusions and Future Directions 112 Appendix 117 A.1,3,5,7,9,11,13 Confusion Matrices for each Timbre Pair A.2,4,6,8,10,12,14 Confusion Matrices by Direction for each Timbre Pair B.1 Response Times for Unisons by Timbre Pair References 122 ii List of Figures Fig. -
Atio'nal Anti-Imperialist Conference Solidarity with African Liberation October 19,20,21,1973 at Du Bar Vocational High School 30Th and Dr
TO AFRO-AMERICANS OF EVERY STRATA: LABOR, CHU CH, POLITICAL, STUDE T, CULTURAL, CIVIC, AND COMMUNITY ATIO'NAL ANTI-IMPERIALIST CONFERENCE SOLIDARITY WITH AFRICAN LIBERATION OCTOBER 19,20,21,1973 AT DU BAR VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 30TH AND DR. ARTIN LUTHER KING DRIVE CHICAGO, ILLINOIS PARTIAL LIST OF SPONSORS Rev. Ralph Abernathy - National President O'Dell Franklin - Secretary-Treasurer, SCLC ' Local #10 International Longshore and Rev. Forest Adams - Tucker Baptist Church Warehousemen's Union ~~'racuse, New York ' Hoyt Fuller - Editor, Black World Afro-American History and Cultural Society, Inc. Emily Gibson - Los Angeles Sentinel, Columnist Lerone Bennett - Senior Editor, Ebony Jesse Gray- New York State Assembly Black American Law Students Association man; National Tenants Organization Depauw University Chapter ' Dick Gregory-Chicago, Illinois Black.Women and Men - Los Angeles, CaHfornia Odela Griffin - Southern Committee to Free All Political Prisoners' Carl Bloice - Editor, Peoples World Irving Hamer - Urban League; Harlem Walter Boags - Kentucky Political Prison Street Academy ers Committee Edward Bragg - New York Black Trade Jack Hart-International Representative Unionists of the United Electrical, Radio and Professor Dennis Brutus - Northwestern Machine Workers of America University, Sec., Infl. C mpaign Against Professor Freddye Hill-Northwestern Racism In Sports, President, South University African Non-Racial Olympic Committee Esther Jackson - Managing Editor, Professor George Bunch - Afro-American Freedomways Studies, Syracuse, New York Hulbert James - President of the Board Haywood Burns- Executive Director, Pan-African Skills Program, New York National Conference of Black Lawyers Minerva Johnican - Democratic Coalition, Margaret Burroughs- Founder, DuSable Memphis, Tennessee Museum, Chicago, Illinois Professor Leon Johnson - Trenton State Father Robert Chapman - Former Director College of Social Justice, National Council of . -
AXS TV Schedule for Mon. August 3, 2020 to Sun. August 9, 2020
AXS TV Schedule for Mon. August 3, 2020 to Sun. August 9, 2020 Monday August 3, 2020 7:30 PM ET / 4:30 PM PT 8:00 AM ET / 5:00 AM PT Rock Legends TrunkFest with Eddie Trunk Cream - Fronted by Eric Clapton, Cream was the prototypical power trio, playing a mix of blues, Sturgis Motorycycle Rally - Eddie heads to South Dakota for the Sturgis Motorcycle Rally at the rock and psychedelia while focusing on chunky riffs and fiery guitar solos. In a mere three years, Buffalo Chip. Special guests George Thorogood and Jesse James Dupree join Eddie as he explores the band sold 15 million records, played to SRO crowds throughout the U.S. and Europe, and one of America’s largest gatherings of motorcycle enthusiasts. redefined the instrumentalist’s role in rock. 8:30 AM ET / 5:30 AM PT Premiere Rock & Roll Road Trip With Sammy Hagar 8:00 PM ET / 5:00 PM PT Mardi Gras - The “Red Rocker,” Sammy Hagar, heads to one of the biggest parties of the year, At Home and Social Mardi Gras. Join Sammy Hagar as he takes to the streets of New Orleans, checks out the Nuno Bettencourt & Friends - At Home and Social presents exclusive live performances, along world-famous floats, performs with Trombone Shorty, and hangs out with celebrity chef Emeril with intimate interviews, fun celebrity lifestyle pieces and insightful behind-the-scenes anec- Lagasse. dotes from our favorite music artists. 9:00 AM ET / 6:00 AM PT Premiere The Big Interview Special Edition 9:00 PM ET / 6:00 PM PT Keith Urban - Dan catches up with country music superstar Keith Urban on his “Ripcord” tour. -
International Society of Barristers Quarterly
International Society of Barristers Volume 52 Number 2 ATTICUS FINCH: THE BIOGRAPHY—HARPER LEE, HER FATHER, AND THE MAKING OF AN AMERICAN ICON Joseph Crespino TAMING THE STORM: THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JUDGE FRANK M. JOHNSON JR. AND THE SOUTH’S FIGHT OVER CIVIL RIGHTS Jack Bass TOMMY MALONE: THE GUIDING HAND SHAPING ONE OF AMERICA’S GREATEST TRIAL LAWYERS Vincent Coppola THE INNOCENCE PROJECT Barry Scheck Quarterly Annual Meetings 2020: March 22–28, The Sanctuary at Kiawah Island, Kiawah Island, South Carolina 2021: April 25–30, The Shelbourne Hotel, Dublin, Ireland International Society of Barristers Quarterly Volume 52 2019 Number 2 CONTENTS Atticus Finch: The Biography—Harper Lee, Her Father, and the Making of an American Icon . 1 Joseph Crespino Taming the Storm: The Life and Times of Judge Frank M. Johnson Jr. and the South’s Fight over Civil Rights. 13 Jack Bass Tommy Malone: The Guiding Hand Shaping One of America’s Greatest Trial Lawyers . 27 Vincent Coppola The Innocence Project . 41 Barry Scheck i International Society of Barristers Quarterly Editor Donald H. Beskind Associate Editor Joan Ames Magat Editorial Advisory Board Daniel J. Kelly J. Kenneth McEwan, ex officio Editorial Office Duke University School of Law Box 90360 Durham, North Carolina 27708-0360 Telephone (919) 613-7085 Fax (919) 613-7231 E-mail: [email protected] Volume 52 Issue Number 2 2019 The INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF BARRISTERS QUARTERLY (USPS 0074-970) (ISSN 0020- 8752) is published quarterly by the International Society of Barristers, Duke University School of Law, Box 90360, Durham, NC, 27708-0360. -
Race, Civil Rights, and the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Judicial Circuit
RACE, CIVIL RIGHTS, AND THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIFTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT By JOHN MICHAEL SPIVACK A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE COUNCIL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 1978 Copyright 1978 by John Michael Spivack ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In apportioning blame or credit for what follows, the allocation is clear. Whatever blame attaches for errors of fact or interpretation are mine alone. Whatever deserves credit is due to the aid and direction of those to whom I now refer. The direction, guidance, and editorial aid of Dr. David M. Chalmers of the University of Florida has been vital in the preparation of this study and a gift of intellect and friendship. his Without persistent encouragement, I would long ago have returned to the wilds of legal practice. My debt to him is substantial. Dr. Larry Berkson of the American Judicature Society provided an essential intro- duction to the literature on the federal court system. Dr. Richard Scher of the University of Florida has my gratitude for his critical but kindly reading of the manuscript. Dean Allen E. Smith of the University of Missouri College of Law and Fifth Circuit Judge James P. Coleman have me deepest thanks for sharing their special insight into Judges Joseph C. Hutcheson, Jr., and Ben Cameron with me. Their candor, interest, and hospitality are appre- ciated. Dean Frank T. Read of the University of Tulsa School of Law, who is co-author of an exhaustive history of desegregation in the Fifth Cir- cuit, was kind enough to confirm my own estimation of the judges from his broad and informed perspective. -
Women and the Presidency
Women and the Presidency By Cynthia Richie Terrell* I. Introduction As six women entered the field of Democratic presidential candidates in 2019, the political media rushed to declare 2020 a new “year of the woman.” In the Washington Post, one political commentator proclaimed that “2020 may be historic for women in more ways than one”1 given that four of these woman presidential candidates were already holding a U.S. Senate seat. A writer for Vox similarly hailed the “unprecedented range of solid women” seeking the nomination and urged Democrats to nominate one of them.2 Politico ran a piece definitively declaring that “2020 will be the year of the woman” and went on to suggest that the “Democratic primary landscape looks to be tilted to another woman presidential nominee.”3 The excited tone projected by the media carried an air of inevitability: after Hillary Clinton lost in 2016, despite receiving 2.8 million more popular votes than her opponent, ever more women were running for the presidency. There is a reason, however, why historical inevitably has not yet been realized. Although Americans have selected a president 58 times, a man has won every one of these contests. Before 2019, a major party’s presidential debates had never featured more than one woman. Progress toward gender balance in politics has moved at a glacial pace. In 1937, seventeen years after passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, Gallup conducted a poll in which Americans were asked whether they would support a woman for president “if she were qualified in every other respect?”4 * Cynthia Richie Terrell is the founder and executive director of RepresentWomen, an organization dedicated to advancing women’s representation and leadership in the United States. -
C Quliyev Bayati 2Cild.Pdf
Bayatı "ATLAS ENSEMBLE" üçün p a r t i t u r a *** Bayaty for "ATLAS ENSEMBLE" s c o r e ORCHESTRA: Flute / Piccolo Dizi / Xun in C Ney in C Suona / Guanzi in C Zurna in C Oboe Balaban in C Sheng 1 in C Sheng 2 in C Clarinetti in B / in A / Basso Clarinetto Pipa / Liugin in C Tar in C Ud in C Mandolin Kanun in C Zheng in C Santur in C Arpa Timpani Piatto sospeso Cinese tom-toms Tam-Tam Soprano Female khanende singer Violino Erhu in C Kamancha in D Kemenche in C Viola Viola da gamba Violoncello Contrabass ATLAS ENSEMBLE-nin (HOLLANDİYA) SİFARİŞİ İLƏ - 2004 COMMISSIONED BY ATLAS ENSEMBLE (NEDERLAND) - 2004 Bayatı Bayaty Cavanşir QULİYEV Javanshir GULIYEV q=135 > Piccolo > œ œ >œ œ œ œ œ >œ bœ œ œ œ #œ œ œ œ bœ œ œ œ Flute/Picc. 4 j œ œ #œ œ œ #œ œ °& 4 Œ ‰ œ J ‰ Dizi f > œ œ œ > œ œ >œ œ œ œ œ >œ bœ œ œ œ #œ œ bœ œ œ Dizi/xun inC 4 j œ œ #œ œ œ #œ œ & 4 Œ ‰ œ J ‰ f > > > #>œ œ œ œ œ œ Ney in C 4 j #œ œ œ œ #œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ & 4 Œ ‰ œ œ œ œ J ‰ ¢ Guanzi f Suona/Guanzi in C 4 °& 4 j ‰ Œ Ó ∑ ∑ f œ > Zurna in C 4 œ & 4 ‰ Œ Ó ∑ ∑ f J > > œ œ >œ œ œ œ œ >œ bœ œ œ œ #œ œ œ œ bœ œ œ œ Oboe 4 j œ œ #œ œ œ #œ œ & 4 Œ ‰ œ J ‰ f > Balaban in C 4 j j œ œ œ & 4 Œ ‰ œ #œ œ œ œ #œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ bœ œ œ œ ‰ #œ œ bœ œ œ ¢ f œ œ > œ > > Sheng in C 1 4 j °& 4 œ ‰ Œ Ó ∑ ∑ f Sheng in C 2 4 & 4 j ‰ Œ Ó ∑ ∑ f œ Cl. -
Size Console Control 26 Ranks Four Months to Than
A BOMBARD£ Technical Report - with somewhat better unification. It had 122 stopkeys when I acquired it as con trasted with a style 260 which had only HOW MY MEDIUM - SIZE CONSOLE 128 stopkeys for 14 or 15 ranks. I ex panded to 212 stopkeys and also added 6 LEARNED TO CONTROL 26 RANKS pistons underneath the lower manual (for IN LESS THAN FOUR MONTHS the pedal) and added 4 more to the solo to make ten. The rebuilding took about three and one-half months, working a We delve into the mysteries of making bigger ones out of already not so little ones - couple of hours every other day or so. consoles, that is, . .. Neal Kissel (he has worked on the Los Angeles Shrine Auditorium Moller) assis ted me tremendously. He made the How In Canoga Park, California, John Led what has become to be known as "proper ard seat replica from a boiler plate, steel won was faced with a problem - an in order." John made the fateful decision - reinforcing rod, a valve wheel and other triguing one to organ lovers. For several plan number 2! miscellaneous parts. The combination years he had been collecting additional The decision was doubly difficult be action relays were remated so as to leave ranks of pipes, chests, regulators, and cause doing things the correct way meant room in the console for the additional trems, with the idea of eventually adding the complete closing down of his instru off/on stop boxes. I purchased a 2-man them to his 3-12 Wurlitzer. -
An Empirical Study of the Ideologies of Judges on the Unites States
JUDGED BY THE COMPANY YOU KEEP: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE IDEOLOGIES OF JUDGES ON THE UNITED STATES COURTS OF APPEALS Corey Rayburn Yung* Abstract: Although there has been an explosion of empirical legal schol- arship about the federal judiciary, with a particular focus on judicial ide- ology, the question remains: how do we know what the ideology of a judge actually is? For federal courts below the U.S. Supreme Court, legal aca- demics and political scientists have offered only crude proxies to identify the ideologies of judges. This Article attempts to cure this deficiency in empirical research about the federal courts by introducing a new tech- nique for measuring the ideology of judges based upon judicial behavior in the U.S. courts of appeals. This study measures ideology, not by subjec- tively coding the ideological direction of case outcomes, but by determin- ing the degree to which federal appellate judges agree and disagree with their liberal and conservative colleagues at both the appellate and district court levels. Further, through regression analysis, several important find- ings related to the Ideology Scores emerge. First, the Ideology Scores in this Article offer substantial improvements in predicting civil rights case outcomes over the leading measures of ideology. Second, there were very different levels and heterogeneity of ideology among the judges on the studied circuits. Third, the data did not support the conventional wisdom that Presidents Ronald Reagan and George W. Bush appointed uniquely ideological judges. Fourth, in general judges appointed by Republican presidents were more ideological than those appointed by Democratic presidents. -
Wmc Investigation: 10-Year Analysis of Gender & Oscar
WMC INVESTIGATION: 10-YEAR ANALYSIS OF GENDER & OSCAR NOMINATIONS womensmediacenter.com @womensmediacntr WOMEN’S MEDIA CENTER ABOUT THE WOMEN’S MEDIA CENTER In 2005, Jane Fonda, Robin Morgan, and Gloria Steinem founded the Women’s Media Center (WMC), a progressive, nonpartisan, nonproft organization endeav- oring to raise the visibility, viability, and decision-making power of women and girls in media and thereby ensuring that their stories get told and their voices are heard. To reach those necessary goals, we strategically use an array of interconnected channels and platforms to transform not only the media landscape but also a cul- ture in which women’s and girls’ voices, stories, experiences, and images are nei- ther suffciently amplifed nor placed on par with the voices, stories, experiences, and images of men and boys. Our strategic tools include monitoring the media; commissioning and conducting research; and undertaking other special initiatives to spotlight gender and racial bias in news coverage, entertainment flm and television, social media, and other key sectors. Our publications include the book “Unspinning the Spin: The Women’s Media Center Guide to Fair and Accurate Language”; “The Women’s Media Center’s Media Guide to Gender Neutral Coverage of Women Candidates + Politicians”; “The Women’s Media Center Media Guide to Covering Reproductive Issues”; “WMC Media Watch: The Gender Gap in Coverage of Reproductive Issues”; “Writing Rape: How U.S. Media Cover Campus Rape and Sexual Assault”; “WMC Investigation: 10-Year Review of Gender & Emmy Nominations”; and the Women’s Media Center’s annual WMC Status of Women in the U.S.