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Volume 16 • Number 3 • Fall 2016 OHIO VALLEY HISTORY VALLEY OHIO Periodicals postage paid at Cincinnati, Ohio, and additional mailing offices. A Collaboration of The Filson Historical Society, Cincinnati Museum Center, and the University of Cincinnati. VOLUME 16 • NUMBER 3 • FALL 2016 VOLUME • NUMBER 16 3 • FALL 2016 Ohio Valley History is a Submission Information for Contributors to OHIO VALLEY STAFF David Stradling Phillip C. Long collaboration of The Filson University of Cincinnati Julia Poston Editors Nikki M. Taylor Thomas H. Quinn Historical Society, Cincinnati LeeAnn Whites Texas Southern University Joanna Reeder Museum Center, and the The Filson Historical Society Frank Towers Dr. Anya Sanchez Department of History, University Matthew Norman University of Calgary Judith K. Stein, M.D. Department of History Steve Steinman of Cincinnati. University of Cincinnati CINCINNATI Carolyn M. Tastad Blue Ash College MUSEUM CENTER Anne Drackett Thomas Cincinnati Museum Center and One digital copy of the manuscript, saved in Microsoft Word, *Regarding general form and style, please follow the BOARD OF TRUSTEES Albert W. Vontz III should be sent by email to: 16th edition of the Chicago Manual of Style. For The Filson Historical Society Book Review Editor Kevin Ward specific style guidelines, please visit The Filson’s web- William H. Bergmann Chair Donna Zaring are private non-profit organiza- Matthew Norman, Editor or LeeAnn Whites, Editor site at: http://www.filsonhistorical.org/programs- Department of History Edward D. Diller James M. Zimmerman tions supported almost entirely Ohio Valley History Ohio Valley History and-publications/publications/ohio-valley-history/ Slippery Rock University Asst. Professor of History Director of Research submissions/submissions-guidelines.aspx. by gifts, grants, sponsorships, Past Chair FILSON HISTORICAL University of Cincinnati Filson Historical Society Managing Editors Francie S. Hiltz SOCIETY BOARD OF admission, and membership fees. Blue Ash College 1310 South 3rd Street The refereeing process for manuscripts is blind. Referees Scott Gampher DIRECTORS 9555 Plainfield Road Louisville, KY 40208 are members of our editorial board or other specialists in Cincinnati Museum Center Vice Chairs Blue Ash, OH 45236 [email protected] the academy most appropriate to each manuscript. We have The Filson Historical Society Jamie Evans Greg D. Carmichael President & CEO [email protected] no quotas of any kind with regard to authorship, topic, chronological period, or methodology—the practitioners The Filson Historical Society Hon. Jeffrey P. Hopkins Craig Buthod membership includes a subscrip- *Preferred manuscript length is 20 to 25 pages via their submissions determine what we publish. Authors Cynthia Walker Kenny tion to OVH. Higher-level Cincin- (6,000 to 7,500 words), exclusive of endnotes. must guarantee in writing that the work is original, that it Editorial Assistant Rev. Damon Lynch Jr. Chairman of the Board nati Museum Center memberships *Please use Times New Roman, 12-point font. has not been previously published, and that it is not under Kayla Reddington Mary Zalla Carl M. Thomas *Double-space text and notes, with notes placed at consideration for publication elsewhere in any form. also include an OVH subscription. The Filson Historical Society the end of the manuscript text. Accepted manuscripts undergo a reasonable yet rigorous General Counsel Vice President Back issues are $8.00. *Include author’s name, institutional affiliation, editing process. We will read the manuscript closely as to Editorial Board George H. Vincent A. Stewart Lussky and contact information (postal address, phone style, grammar, and argument. The edited manuscript will be Luther Adams number, and email address) on separate cover submitted to the author for consideration before publication. University of Washington, Treasurer Secretary For more information on page. Only the article title should appear on the The Filson Historical Society (FHS), Cincinnati Tacoma Matthew A. Sheakley W. Wayne Hancock Cincinnati Museum Center, first page of the article. Museum Center (CMC), and the University of Cincinnati *Illustrations, tables, and maps that significantly (UC) hold jointly the copyright for all material published Joan E. Cashin including membership, visit Ohio State University Secretary Treasurer enhance the article are welcome. in Ohio Valley History. After a work is published in the www.cincymuseum.org or call Kathleen Duval Martine Dunn J. Walker Stites III *Authors who submit images should also provide journal, FHS/CMC/UC will grant the author, upon writ- University of North Carolina 513-287-7000 or 1-800-733-2077. citations, captions, credits, and suggestions for ten request, permission to republish the work, without fee, placement of images. subject to the author giving proper credit of prior publica- Nicole Etcheson President & CEO Anne Arensberg tion to Ohio Valley History. Each author will receive five free Ball State University Elizabeth Pierce David L. Armstrong For more information on copies of the journal in which the published article appears. Craig T. Friend William C. Ballard, Jr. North Carolina State Trustees Phillip Bond The Filson Historical Society, University Jessica Adelman J. McCauley Brown including membership, visit R. Douglas Hurt Mark A. Casella Kenneth H. Clay www.filsonhistorical.org Purdue University Dr. Brian D. Coley Marshall B. Farrer James C. Klotter Susan B. Esler Laman A. Gray, Jr. or call 502-635-5083. Georgetown College David E. Foxx Robert E. Kulp, Jr. Tracy K’Meyer Robert Fregolle Jr. Patrick R. Northam University of Louisville Jane Garvey Anne Brewer Ogden Clarence Lang David L. Hausrath H. Powell Starks University of Kansas Carrie K. Hayden John P. Stern David A. Nichols Jeffrey P. Hinebaugh William M. Street Indiana State University Katy Hollister Orme Wilson III Christopher Phillips Peter Horton University of Cincinnati Allison Kropp Senior Research Fellow John David Smith Brian G. Lawlor Mark V. Wetherington University of North Carolina, Gary Z. Lindgren Charlotte Dr. Mitchel Livingston Ohio Valley History (ISSN 1544-4058) is published quarterly in Contact the editorial offices at [email protected] or Cincinnati, Ohio, and Louisville, Kentucky, by Cincinnati Museum [email protected]. Center, 1301 Western Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45203, and The Filson Historical Society, 1310 S. Third Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40208. Page composition: Michael Adkins, Ertel Publishing Postmaster, send address changes to Filson Historical Society, © Cincinnati Museum Center and The Filson Historical Society 2016 1310 S. Third St., Louisville, KY 40208. Volume 16, Number 3, Fall 2016 A Journal of the History and Culture of the Ohio Valley and the Upper South, published in Cincinnati, Ohio, and Louisville, Kentucky, by Cincinnati Museum Center and The Filson Historical Society. Contents 3 Race, Slavery, and Freedom in the Ohio River Valley during the Civil War Era Jonathan W. White 6 Black Hoosiers and the Formation of an Antislavery Stronghold in the Central Ohio Valley Mark A. Furnish 28 Telling Testimony Slavery Advertisements in Kentucky’s Civil War Newspapers Timothy Ross Talbott 48 “At Liberty to Take Possession” How Cincinnati Riverboat Law Turned “Have-Nots” into “Haves” during the Civil War Era Matthew Axtell 72 Collection Essay Letters of Black Soldiers from Ohio Who Served in the 54th and 55th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantries during the Civil War Katie O’Halloran Brown 80 Review Essay What Happened to Kentucky? Gerald J. Prokopowicz 84 Review Essay Reconsidering Battles and Leaders in the Ohio Valley’s Civil War Stephen Rockenbach 89 Book Reviews 106 Announcements on the cover: African American soldier in Union uniform with wife and two daughters (c. 1863-1865). LIBRARY OF CONGRESS Contributors Matthew Axtell received his JD from the University of Virginia School of Law in 2002 and his PhD from Princeton University in 2016. He is currently employed as the assistant counsel for Environmental Law and Historic Preservation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in Washington, D.C. He has published a number of articles concerning slavery, the environment and the role of law. Mark A. Furnish received his PhD in U.S. history from Purdue University in 2014. He is presently assistant researcher at the Frederick Douglass Papers Project, at Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis. He is working on a book manuscript entitled “A Rosetta Stone on Slavery’s Doorstep: Eleutherian College and Lost Antislavery History of Jefferson County, Indiana.” Gerald J. Prokopowicz is professor of history at East Carolina University in Greenville, North Carolina. He is the author of Did Lincoln Own Slaves? And Other FAQ about Abraham Lincoln (2009) and host of over 350 episodes of Civil War Talk Radio (www.impedimentsofwar.org). Stephen Rockenbach is professor of history at Virginia State University, where he teaches courses in American history, military history, and the Civil War and Reconstruction. He is the author of War upon Our Border: Two Ohio Valley Communities Navigate the Civil War (2016). Timothy Ross Talbott has his MA in public history from Appalachian State University. He is the associate director of Education, Interpretation, Visitor Services and Collections at the Pamplin Historical Park and National Museum of the Civil War Soldier in Petersburg, Virginia. 2 OHIO VALLEY HISTORY Race, Slavery and Freedom in the Ohio River Valley during the Civil War Era he Ohio River valley is one of the
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