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AMHE Newsletter spring 2020 june 8 Haitian Medical Association Abroad Association Medicale Haïtienne à l'Étranger Newsletter # 278 AMHE NEWSLETTER Editor in Chief: Maxime J-M Coles, MD Editorial Board: Rony Jean Mary, MD Reynald Altema, MD Technical Adviser: Jacques Arpin Antoine Louis Leocardie Elie Lescot Maxime Coles MD Antoine Louis Leocardie Lescot become president of the republique of Haiti on May 15, 1941. Issued from a privileged society, he used his political influence during the second war to claim the higher position of the land. He ascended to the presidency in gaining power through his ties with the United States of America. He was a mulattoe, issued from the elites and the post war climate allowed his administration to reign over a period of political downturn after many political repression of the dissidents. Elie Lescot was born at Saint Louis du Nord (Nord West of Haiti) on December 9, 1883 in a middleclass family. His father, Ovide Lescot is a resident in Cap-Haiti and decided to protect his pregnant wife, Florelia Laforest, from his political opponents. He chose to relocate her to St Louis du Nord under the protection of her sister Lea, wife of a Guadeloupean business holder and sometimes architect, Edouard Elizee. Ovide Lescot was the son of Pierre Joseph Lescot with Marie-Michelle Morin but he later re- married to Marie-Fortunée Deneau who gave him two daughters: Therese and Leticia. Therese became the wife of the well-known poet Oswald Durand while Laeticia will marry Chery Hippolyte, son of President Florville Hippolyte. Florelia Laforest had an extramarital affair with president Sylvain Salnave before knowing Ovide Lescot In this number - Words of the Editor, Maxime Coles,MD - Article de Axler JEAN PAUL - La chronique de Rony Jean-Mary,M.D. - Décès - La chronique de Reynald Altéma,M.D. - Chronicle of Slave rebellions in the Americas. - And more... 2 and a son was born. She named him Leon “Ecole Etienne” of art to master the photogravure Salnave and he became naturally at the age of 14 technique of Batik, a novel artistic way to paint on years, the chosen godfather to his young half- tissue from Java. While welcoming his sixth child, brother Elie Lescot. The ceremony of Christening a girl, he developed a crippling pneumonia forcing was performed upon their return to Cap Haiti. him to return to Port de Paix, in 1926. Elie went to school. first at the “Freres de Unfortunately, Mrs. Lescot, after her last baby, felt l’Instruction Chretienne du Cap-Haitien”, later at ill and caught the Malaria. She died from its the “Lycee Philippe Guerrier and finally at the complications. Elie Lescot discovered the world of “College Sainte Marie”. He met Anthenor Firmin Politics but continued to pursue his photogravure who married his brother Leon Salnave’s older work as a pastime. He used the Company Paul sister (Rosa Salnave), and others like Nord Auxilla to dispense his production mainly Alexis, Turenne and Jean Gille. He travelled to composed of ties, handkerchiefs, robes and dresses Port-au-Prince to attend the State University for women. School of Pharmacology and returned to follow courses at L’ “Ecole Libre de Droit du Cap In 1927, under president Borno, he was appointed Haitien”. He decided to work in the customs at at Port de Paix secondary school as the Principal. Port de Paix where he pursued a carrier in the President Louis Borno called upon his expertise in administration as an Interpreter. 1930 to oversee the activities at Damiens after the drama of Marchaterre. He becomes the State Elie Lescot met his first wife in 1907, a widow, Secretary of Public Instruction, Agriculture and named Corinne Jean-Pierre, who died four years Labor. At age 46, he moved to Port-au-Prince to later (December 1911) and no kids were born take function of his Ministry although he was not from this union. He entered the world of Politics well known in the capital. to become a Representative at the Legislative Chamber of Borgne in 1910, he was then 26. On the 22 April 1930, Elie Lescot accepted the President Tancrete Auguste named him Judge at position of Judge of Instruction at the civil court in Port de Paix in 1913. Soon, he met his second Port-au-Prince. A new chapter in his life was wife, Georgina St Aude. The couple had eight written. Meanwhile, a candidate for the Chamber children from the union. of representative in the Plateau Central, Elius Elie was murdered and the judge Elie Lescot In 1914, Oreste Zamor raise an army to fight denounced Joseph Jolibois Fils, a very popular Michel Oreste and Elie Lescot is seen on the side candidate for Port au Prince. He resigned his of Charles Zamor, brother of the president and present position to pursue the function of then Minister of War and Marine. I can’t confirm Commissary at the Cassation Court and Judge after what was his military experience and skills but at being appointed by president Stenio Vincent. the end of the conflict, he needed to take refuge in the Dominican Consulate, once victory was On the 17 of May 1932, he is chosen as Secretary awarded to General DavilmarTheodore, to safe of State in the government of Stenio Vincent. All guard his life. In 1915, during the American these activities around him, created a world of occupation, he is seen working as a teacher at a intrigues and changes in his personal life. The year secondary school in Port de Paix while awaiting before, it was instrumental in spreading around to be commissioned at the civil tribunal under many Dominican refugees to Haitian cities like President Sudre Dartiguenave. In 1917, he Jeremie in order to control their illicit activities founded the first Public Library in Port de Paix. against the government of Rafael Leonidas The same year, he is seen using his talents of Trujillo. He helped disperse the opposition photographer helping Haitian dissidents to obtain rendering a smoother relation with our neighbor. proper identity cards with pictures to start On the 15 May 1934, Elie Lescot lose his working for the American sugar companies in ministerial position at the state department but is Cuba. His connection allowed him to secure a nominated Ambassador in the Dominican position of Consul at Antilla, Cuba in 1919. Republic. This allowed him to develop a closer In 1922, Elie Lescot, his wife and his children relationship with the dictator Raphael Trujillo. He was later appointed as Ambassador to the United travelled to France where he took residence at “Gagny, en Seine et Oise” to get enrolled at the States, at Washington DC This last position will 3 help him lay down the groundwork for his future the parliament. Political opponents were kept at presidency in Haiti. distance and were subjected to physical harassments and surveillance by security forces. In 1935, President Stenio Vincent took the opportunity to settle a controversy between Haiti The second war bought a penury of rubber when and Santo Domingo by signing a pact restituting the East cut off all supply. The United States 62,956 squares feet of disputed land back to discussed with the government of Haiti an Haiti. Discussions at the National Assembly to ambitious program to expand the wartime recommend both presidents Rafael Leonidas production of rubber in the countryside of the Trujillo and Stenio Vincent for the Nobel Price of country. Not too many remember much about Peace were recorded. Elie Lescot was still SHADA. In fact, SHADA was the “Societe Haitian Ambassador to Santo Domingo when he Haitiano-Americaine du Development Agricole” took part in a delegation in Argentina to financed by a grant of 5 million dollars, from the participate at the OTAN under the supervision of Export-Import Bank of Washington DC. the US president Franklyn Delano Roosevelt in November 11. The US Rubber Development 1936. Corp gave SHADA a war production contract. Lescot remained close to Rafael Trujillo but The production of rubber started in 1941 with the secretly worked at discouraging Stenio Vincent military support of the United States army and from looking for a third mandate. He kept close managed by the American agronomist Thomas ties with Demosthene Calixte ex commanding Fennell. Almost 50,000 (200 Kilometer square) officer at the National Guard, Julio Jean-Pierre acres of land were cleared for planting the Audain, ex private secretary and also Duluy “cryptostegia vine” able to produce latex. At the Lamothe ex officer in the National guard. He end, more land was needed, affecting the used a game of intimidation to discourage Stenio cultivation of our farmers in the north of the Vincent for reaching his goal. country. Peasant’s families were forcedly Lescot and Vincent had different visions for the displaced from their home allowing the country. Frederick Duvignault an allied of government to cut millions of fruit-bearing trees Vincent, figured on the list of candidates to in Jeremie. Their houses were invaded or razed, succeed Vincent but Lescot planned his ascension forcing the Haitian Minister of Agriculture in using his contacts at the State Department in Maurice Dartigue to address the matter with the Washington DC. Elie Lescot became rapidly the agronomist Fennell, asking him to respect the chosen one to succeed Stenio Vincent in 1941, sovereignty of the Haitian peasant. Unfortunately, although he encountered a strong opposition from the project finally failed because of an the Haitian Congress. His nomination was insufficient production of rubber and once the certainly backed out by his powerful neighbor, program cancelled, the US government offered a the dictator Rafael Trujillo who assured his sum of $ 175.000 in compensation to the victory by possibly ways of intimidation, leading displaced families of peasants.

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