DOCSLIB.ORG

Development Assistance in Haiti: Where Has the Money Gone?

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Development Assistance in Haiti: Where Has the Money Gone? Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 2014-12 Development assistance in Haiti: where has the money gone? Anderson, Scott M. Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/44512 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE IN HAITI: WHERE HAS THE MONEY GONE? by Scott M. Anderson December 2014 Thesis Advisor: Thomas C. Bruneau Second Reader: Robert E. Looney Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704–0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202–4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704–0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED December 2014 Master’s Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE IN HAITI: WHERE HAS THE MONEY GONE? 6. AUTHOR(S) Scott M. Anderson 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION Naval Postgraduate School REPORT NUMBER Monterey, CA 93943–5000 9. SPONSORING /MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING/MONITORING N/A AGENCY REPORT NUMBER 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. IRB Protocol number ____N/A____. 12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited 13. ABSTRACT (maximum 200 words) This thesis analyzes the level of effectiveness of the development assistance that Haiti has received since being struck by an earthquake on January 12, 2010. Despite receiving billions of dollars in development assistance, Haiti has little tangible results to show for all of the money spent. According to a 2014 report from the United Nations Special Envoy to Haiti, $6.43 billion of this aid has already been disbursed. This thesis analyzes the political and socioeconomic history of Haiti focusing on the progress and changes over the past five years since receiving the additional economic assistance and documenting the challenges facing Haiti moving forward. This thesis finds that Haiti the political and socioeconomic climate is extremely intricate and complex and progress is difficult to measure. It concludes that over half of the allocated funds have been allocated to consumable resources that do not provide any enduring benefit to the nation, but that many of the resources were spent on opportunistic NGOs without the knowledge or consent of the Haitian government. Despite historical precedence, the Haitian government needs more autonomy in determining its future if it is going to achieve enduring prosperity. 14. SUBJECT TERMS Haiti, economics, earthquake 15. NUMBER OF PAGES 81 16. PRICE CODE 17. SECURITY 18. SECURITY 19. SECURITY 20. LIMITATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF THIS CLASSIFICATION OF ABSTRACT REPORT PAGE ABSTRACT Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified UU NSN 7540–01–280–5500 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2–89) Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239–18 i THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ii Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE IN HAITI: WHERE HAS THE MONEY GONE? Scott M. Anderson Major, United States Army B.S., Hope College (Holland, MI), 1999 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN SECURITY STUDIES (WESTERN HEMISPHERE) from the NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL December 2014 Author: Scott M. Anderson Approved by: Thomas C. Bruneau Thesis Advisor Robert E. Looney Second Reader Mohammed Hafez Chair, Department of National Security Affairs iii THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK iv ABSTRACT This thesis analyzes the level of effectiveness of the development assistance that Haiti has received since being struck by an earthquake on January 12, 2010. Despite receiving billions of dollars in development assistance, Haiti has little tangible results to show for all of the money spent. According to a 2014 report from the United Nations Special Envoy to Haiti, $6.43 billion of this aid has already been disbursed. This thesis analyzes the political and socioeconomic history of Haiti focusing on the progress and changes over the past five years since receiving the additional economic assistance and documenting the challenges facing Haiti moving forward. This thesis finds that Haiti the political and socioeconomic climate is extremely intricate and complex and progress is difficult to measure. It concludes that over half of the allocated funds have been allocated to consumable resources that do not provide any enduring benefit to the nation, but that many of the resources were spent on opportunistic NGOs without the knowledge or consent of the Haitian government. Despite historical precedence, the Haitian government needs more autonomy in determining its future if it is going to achieve enduring prosperity. v THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK vi TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................1 A. MAJOR RESEARCH QUESTION................................................................1 B. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH QUESTION .................................1 C. LITERATURE REVIEW ...............................................................................3 D. POTENTIAL EXPLANATIONS AND HYPOTHESES .............................7 E. RESEARCH DESIGN .....................................................................................9 F. OVERVIEW AND FINDINGS .....................................................................10 II. HAITI’S GOVERNMENT AND ECONOMY ........................................................13 A. SPANISH RULE: 1492–1697 ........................................................................13 B. FRENCH RULE: 1697–1791 ........................................................................16 C. THE HAITIAN REVOLUTION: 1791–1804 ..............................................17 D. POST-REVOLUTION HAITI: 1804–1915 .................................................20 E. UNITED STATES MILITARY INTERVENTION IN HAITI AND AFTERMATH: 1915–1957 ...........................................................................22 F. THE DUVALIERIST REGIMES: 1957–1986 ............................................26 G. ARISTIDE AND HAITI’S TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY: 1986– 2010..................................................................................................................29 III. SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS IN HAITI .....................................................33 A. JANUARY 12, 2010: THE PORT-AU-PRINCE EARTHQUAKE ...........34 B. LEADERSHIP TRANSITION: THE MARTELLY ADMINISTRATION .....................................................................................36 C. AID AND RECONSTRUCTION EFFORTS IN RESPONSE TO THE EARTHQUAKE .............................................................................................39 D. SIGNS OF PROGRESS AND HOPE FOR THE FUTURE ......................47 IV. CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................................51 APPENDIX .............................................................................................................................57 LIST OF REFERENCES ......................................................................................................59 INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST .........................................................................................65 vii THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK viii LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Presidents of Haiti ............................................................................................57 ix THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK x LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS GDP Gross Domestic Product IDB Inter-American Development Bank MINUSTAH United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti NGO Non-Governmental Organization NSPFM National Systems for Public Financial Management and Procurement UN United Nations USAID United States Agency for International Development WHO World Health Organization xi THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK xii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to extend my most sincere appreciation to my thesis advisor, Professor Thomas Bruneau, and my second reader, Professor Robert Looney, for the amount of time they have devoted to making this thesis a reality and for their unwavering patience throughout this process. I am deeply grateful for your wisdom and guidance. To my family and friends, I would not have been able to accomplish this task without your love and support. I am truly blessed to have you in my life. xiii THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK xiv I. INTRODUCTION A. MAJOR RESEARCH QUESTION The aim of this thesis is to analyze the level of effectiveness of the development assistance that Haiti has received since 2010.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Haiti: Developments and U.S. Policy Since 1991 and Current Congressional Concerns
    Order Code RL32294 Haiti: Developments and U.S. Policy Since 1991 and Current Congressional Concerns Updated January 25, 2008 Maureen Taft-Morales Specialist in Latin American Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Clare Ribando Seelke Analyst in Latin American Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Haiti: Developments and U.S. Policy Since 1991 and Current Congressional Concerns Summary Following the first free and fair elections in Haiti’s history, Jean-Bertrand Aristide first became Haitian President in February 1991. He was overthrown by a military coup in September 1991. For over three years, the military regime resisted international demands that Aristide be restored to office. In September 1994, after a U.S. military intervention had been launched, the military regime agreed to Aristide’s return, the immediate, unopposed entry of U.S. troops, and the resignation of its leadership. President Aristide returned to Haiti in October 1994 under the protection of some 20,000 U.S. troops, and disbanded the Haitian army. U.S. aid helped train a civilian police force. Subsequently, critics charged Aristide with politicizing that force and engaging in corrupt practices. Elections held under Aristide and his successor, René Préval (1996-2000), including the one in which Aristide was reelected in 2000, were marred by alleged irregularities, low voter turnout, and opposition boycotts. Efforts to negotiate a resolution to the electoral dispute frustrated the international community for years. Tension and violence continued throughout Aristide’s second term, culminating in his departure from office in February 2004, after the opposition repeatedly refused to negotiate a political solution and armed groups took control of half the country.
    [Show full text]
  • The Election Impasse in Haiti
    At a glance April 2016 The election impasse in Haiti The run-off in the 2015 presidential elections in Haiti has been suspended repeatedly, after the opposition contested the first round in October 2015. Just before the end of President Martelly´s mandate on 7 February 2016, an agreement was reached to appoint an interim President and a new Provisional Electoral Council, fixing new elections for 24 April 2016. Although most of the agreement has been respected , the second round was in the end not held on the scheduled date. Background After nearly two centuries of mainly authoritarian rule which culminated in the Duvalier family dictatorship (1957-1986), Haiti is still struggling to consolidate its own democratic institutions. A new Constitution was approved in 1987, amended in 2012, creating the conditions for a democratic government. The first truly free and fair elections were held in 1990, and won by Jean-Bertrand Aristide (Fanmi Lavalas). He was temporarily overthrown by the military in 1991, but thanks to international pressure, completed his term in office three years later. Aristide replaced the army with a civilian police force, and in 1996, when succeeded by René Préval (Inite/Unity Party), power was transferred democratically between two elected Haitian Presidents for the first time. Aristide was re-elected in 2001, but his government collapsed in 2004 and was replaced by an interim government. When new elections took place in 2006, Préval was elected President for a second term, Parliament was re-established, and a short period of democratic progress followed. A food crisis in 2008 generated violent protest, leading to the removal of the Prime Minister, and the situation worsened with the 2010 earthquake.
    [Show full text]
  • Focus on Haiti
    FOCUS ON HAITI CUBA 74o 73o 72o ÎLE DE LA TORTUE Palmiste ATLANTIC OCEAN 20o Canal de la Tortue 20o HAITI Pointe Jean-Rabel Port-de-Paix St. Louis de Nord International boundary Jean-Rabel Anse-à-Foleur Le Borgne Departmental boundary Monte Cap Saint-Nicolas Môle St.-Nicolas National capital Bassin-Bleu Baie de Criste NORD - OUEST Port-Margot Cap-Haïtien Mancenille Departmental seat Plaine Quartier Limbé du Nord Caracol Fort- Town, village Cap-à-Foux Bombardopolis Morin Liberté Baie de Henne Gros-Morne Pilate Acul Phaëton Main road Anse-Rouge du Nord Limonade Baie Plaisance Milot Trou-du-Nord Secondary road de Grande Terre-Neuve NORD Ferrier Dajabón Henne Pointe Grande Rivière du Nord Sainte Airport Suzanne Ouanaminthe Marmelade Dondon Perches Ennery Bahon NORD - EST Gonaïves Vallières 0 10 20 30 40 km Baie de Ranquitte la Tortue ARTIBONITE Saint- Raphaël Mont-Organisé 0 5 10 15 20 25 mi Pointe de la Grande-Pierre Saint Michel Baie de de l'Attalaye Pignon La Victoire Golfe de la Gonâve Grand-Pierre Cerca Carvajal Grande-Saline Dessalines Cerca-la-Source Petite-Rivière- Maïssade de-l'Artibonite Hinche Saint-Marc Thomassique Verrettes HAITI CENTRE Thomonde 19o Canal de 19o Saint-Marc DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Pointe Pointe de La Chapelle Ouest Montrouis Belladère Magasin Lac de ÎLE DE Mirebalais Péligre LA GONÂVE Lascahobas Pointe-à-Raquette Arcahaie Saut-d'Eau Baptiste Duvalierville Savenette Abricots Pointe Cornillon Jérémie ÎLES CAYÉMITES Fantasque Trou PRESQU'ÎLE Thomazeau PORT- É Bonbon DES BARADÈRES Canal de ta AU- Croix des ng Moron S Dame-Marie la Gonâve a Roseaux PRINCE Bouquets u Corail Gressier m Chambellan Petit Trou de Nippes â Pestel tr Carrefour Ganthier e Source Chaude Baradères Anse-à-Veau Pétion-Ville Anse d'Hainault Léogâne Fond Parisien Jimani GRANDE - ANSE NIPPES Petite Rivières Kenscoff de Nippes Miragoâne Petit-Goâve Les Irois Grand-Goâve OUEST Fonds-Verrettes L'Asile Trouin La Cahouane Maniche Camp-Perrin St.
    [Show full text]
  • La Situation Politique Et Institutionnelle HAITI
    HAITI 4 août 2016 La situation politique et institutionnelle Avertissement Ce document a été élaboré par la Division de l’Information, de la Documentation et des Recherches de l’Ofpra en vue de fournir des informations utiles à l’examen des demandes de protection internationale. Il ne prétend pas faire le traitement exhaustif de la problématique, ni apporter de preuves concluantes quant au fondement d’une demande de protection internationale particulière. Il ne doit pas être considéré comme une position officielle de l’Ofpra ou des autorités françaises. Ce document, rédigé conformément aux lignes directrices communes à l’Union européenne pour le traitement de l’information sur le pays d’origine (avril 2008) [cf. https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/atoms/files/lignes_directrices_europeennes.pdf ], se veut impartial et se fonde principalement sur des renseignements puisés dans des sources qui sont à la disposition du public. Toutes les sources utilisées sont référencées. Elles ont été sélectionnées avec un souci constant de recouper les informations. Le fait qu’un événement, une personne ou une organisation déterminée ne soit pas mentionné(e) dans la présente production ne préjuge pas de son inexistence. La reproduction ou diffusion du document n’est pas autorisée, à l’exception d’un usage personnel, sauf accord de l’Ofpra en vertu de l’article L. 335-3 du code de la propriété intellectuelle. Haïti : Situation politique et institutionnelle Table des matières 1. Panorama institutionnel, administratif et politique ................................................. 3 1.1. Les institutions .......................................................................................... 3 1.2. L’organisation administrative et territoriale ................................................... 3 1.3. Les principaux partis politiques ..................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Haiti Thirst for Justice
    September 1996 Vol. 8, No. 7 (B) HAITI THIRST FOR JUSTICE A Decade of Impunity in Haiti I. SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS...........................................................................................................................2 II. IMPUNITY SINCE THE FALL OF THE DUVALIER FAMILY DICTATORSHIP ...........................................................7 The Twenty-Nine Year Duvalier Dictatorship Ends with Jean-Claude Duvalier's Flight, February 7, 1986.................7 The National Governing Council, under Gen. Henri Namphy, Assumes Control, February 1986 ................................8 Gen. Henri Namphy's Assumes Full Control, June 19, 1988.........................................................................................9 Gen. Prosper Avril Assumes Power, October 1988.....................................................................................................10 President Ertha Pascal Trouillot Takes Office, March 13, 1990 .................................................................................11 Jean-Bertrand Aristide Assumes Office as Haiti's First Democratically Elected President, February 7, 1991............12 Gen. Raul Cédras, Lt. Col. Michel François, and Gen. Phillippe Biamby Lead a Coup d'Etat Forcing President Aristide into Exile, Sept. 30, 1991 ...................................................................................13 III. IMPUNITY FOLLOWING PRESIDENT JEAN-BERTRAND ARISTIDE'S RETURN ON OCTOBER 15, 1994, AND PRESIDENT RENÉ PRÉVAL'S INAUGURATION ON FEBRUARY 7, 1996..............................................16
    [Show full text]
  • HAITI COUNTRY READER TABLE of CONTENTS Merritt N. Cootes 1932
    HAITI COUNTRY READER TABLE OF CONTENTS Merritt N. Cootes 1932 Junior Officer, Port-au-Prince 1937-1940 Vice Consul, Port-au-Prince Henry L. T. Koren 1948-1951 Administrative Officer, Port-au-Prince Slator Clay Blackiston, Jr. 1950-1952 Economic Officer, Port-au-Prince Milton Barall 1954-1956 Deputy Chief of Mission, Port-au-Prince Raymond E. Chambers 1955-1957 Deputy Director of Binational Center, USIA, Port-au-Prince Edmund Murphy 1961-1963 Public Affairs Office, USIA, Port-au-Prince Jack Mendelsohn 1964-1966 Consular/Political Officer, Port-au-Prince Claude G. Ross 1967-1969 Ambassador, Haiti John R. Burke 1970-1972 Deputy Chief of Mission, Port-au-Prince Harry E. Mattox 1970-1973 Economic Officer, Port-au-Prince Robert S. Steven 1971-1973 Special Assistant to Under Secretary of Management, Department of State, Washington, DC Jon G. Edensword 1972-1973 Visa Officer, Port-au-Prince Michael Norton 1972-1980 Radio News Reporter, Haiti Keith L. Wauchope 1973-1974 State Department Haiti Desk Officer, Washington, DC Scott Behoteguy 1973-1977 Mission Director, USAID, Haiti Wayne White 1976-1978 Consular Officer, Port-au-Prince Lawrence E. Harrison 1977-1979 USAID Mission Director, Port-au-Prince William B. Jones 1977-1980 Ambassador, Haiti Anne O. Cary 1978-1980 Economic/Commercial Officer, Port-au- Prince Ints M. Silins 1978-1980 Political Officer, Port-au-Prince Scott E. Smith 1979-1981 Head of Project Development Office, USAID, Port-au-Prince Henry L. Kimelman 1980-1981 Ambassador, Haiti David R. Adams 1981-1984 Mission Director, USAID, Haiti Clayton E. McManaway, Jr. 1983-1986 Ambassador, Haiti Jon G.
    [Show full text]
  • Haïti En Marche Édition Du 2 Au 8 Février 2005 Vol
    Mercredi 11 Janvier 2006 Page Haïti en Marche édition du 2 au 8 Février 2005 Vol. XIX No 1 MercrediHaïti en Marche27 Avril Vol. 2005 XIX No. 50 Haïti en Marche édition du 2 au 8 Février 2005 Vol. XIX No 1 Page 1 Haïti en Marche Vol. XIX No. 13 Haïti en Marche édition du 11 au 17 Janvier 2006 Vol. XIX No. 50 L’EVENEMENT Suicide du commandant des casques bleus en Haïti Reuters, 8 Janvier Teixeira da Matta Bacellar, s’est unies. unies pour la stabilisation en Haïti Le commandant des casques apparemment suicidé samedi dans un hôtel Il avait pris le commandement des (Minustah) à la fin du mois d’août dernier. bleus en Haïti, le général brésilien Urano de Port-au-Prince, annoncent les Nations 9.000 hommes de la Mission des Nations (voir Suicide / 3) La bénédiction du corps du Gén. Bacellar au camp de la Minustah photo Sophia Paris/ONU-MINUSTAH ELECTIONS: LE 7 FEVRIER P. 2 Scepticisme sur le nouveau calendrier Le commandant de la Minustah trouvé mort samedi dans son appartement DES ELECTIONS A PLUS DE US$80 MILLIONS à l’Hôtel Montana photo Yonel Louis ANALYSE ELECTIONS: UNE SEMAINE DES DUPES L’international décide en dehors des acteurs locaux PORT-AU-PRINCE, 7 Janvier Vendredi les Nations Unies, ainsi une étape fondamentale vers la restauration - L’escalade déclenchée par certains que l’OEA (Organisation des Etats de la démocratie et de la stabilité en Haïti groupes politiques pour obtenir le départ Américains), ont tranché pour la tenue des (...), “invite instamment” le gouvernement de du gouvernement de transition et par la élections au plus tard le 7 février 2006, date Port-au-Prince et le Conseil électoral à même occasion un renvoi encore plus à laquelle prend fin le mandat de l’actuel (voir Dupes / 4) prolongé des élections présidentielles et exécutif.
    [Show full text]
  • My Experience Working with the UN, the OAS, IFES, IRI, USAID, and Other International Organizations on Haiti’S Elections, from 1987 to 2000 by Jean Paul Poirier
    My Experience Working with the UN, the OAS, IFES, IRI, USAID, and other International Organizations on Haiti’s Elections, from 1987 to 2000 by Jean Paul Poirier Historical Context Haiti has the distinction for defeating the Napoleonic Armies1 and for being the first black republic.2 Although this was a historic undertaking, it led to many difficulties in the develop- ment of the burgeoning nation.3 That the war against France virtually destroyed the capital Port-au-Prince, as well as the infrastructure of the economy, which was mostly oriented in providing sugar and other agricultural goods to France, was a crippling consequence.4 The fact that most developed nations boycotted the new nation in its early stages5 also contributed to the slow development of the new republic. As Hauge stated, “A symbiotic relationship developed between the two most powerful groups in Haiti, the military and the merchant elites.” He further added, “By 1938 Haiti had transferred more than 30 million Francs to France.” The alliance between the military and the merchant elites was countered in 1957 by Dr. François Duvalier coming to power, and retained his power by creating his own personal armed militia, the feared Tonton Macoutes.6 This violent and brutal force assisted Duvalier in maintaining a reign of terror, depleting the country of many of its elites who took refuge in the U.S., Canada,7 and France. At Duvalier’s death in 1971,8 he was succeeded by his son Jean Claude, aged nineteen years old. As Wenche brought forth, “Jean Claude reestablished the traditional relationship between the state and Haiti’s elites and in doing this lost support of the old Duvalierists.” Although Haiti gained considerable economic support during Jean Claude’s tenure, he lost his grasp on power though a number of factors, including the development of popular and peasant organizations in the 1980s,9 It all came to a head when Pope Jean Paul II’s famous phrase “Il faut que sa change,”10 rocked Duvalier’s regime to its core.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 a Spatial, Temporal and Deterministic Analysis Of
    A SPATIAL, TEMPORAL AND DETERMINISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMICS OF CONFLICT IN HAITI By JENS ENGELMANN A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2012 1 © 2012 Jens Engelmann 2 To my parents and my sister 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank God. I also thank my parents and sister for their encouragement and patience. I am grateful for Andres Garcia, and his persistent advice and support. I thank Dr. Sterns for his enthusiasm, and strong belief in me. Also, I want to acknowledge Dr. Mao for his willingness to be an outside member in my Master’s committee, and in his advice and guidance without I would have not been able to complete this thesis. I want to thank Dr. Burkhardt for the support and help he has given throughout my academic career. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................. 4 LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ 7 LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... 8 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................... 10 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... 11 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • La Révolution Française, 16 | 2019 Les Négociations Des Traités De 1838 2
    La Révolution française Cahiers de l’Institut d’histoire de la Révolution française 16 | 2019 1801-1840 – Haïti, entre Indépendance et Restauration Les négociations des traités de 1838 François Blancpain et Bernard Gainot Édition électronique URL : http://journals.openedition.org/lrf/2757 DOI : 10.4000/lrf.2757 ISSN : 2105-2557 Éditeur IHMC - Institut d'histoire moderne et contemporaine (UMR 8066) Référence électronique François Blancpain et Bernard Gainot, « Les négociations des traités de 1838 », La Révolution française [En ligne], 16 | 2019, mis en ligne le 20 juin 2019, consulté le 23 juin 2019. URL : http:// journals.openedition.org/lrf/2757 ; DOI : 10.4000/lrf.2757 Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 23 juin 2019. © La Révolution française Les négociations des traités de 1838 1 Les négociations des traités de 1838 François Blancpain et Bernard Gainot NOTE DE L’ÉDITEUR Cet article est une version retranscrite et révisée par Bernard Gainot de l’intervention de François Blancpain à l’occasion du colloque « Haïti entre Indépendance et Restauration – 1801-1840 ». 1 Ces négociations se déroulent trente-quatre ans après l’indépendance proclamée (1804) et vingt-cinq ans après la première prise de contact entre la France et le nouvel État d’Haïti (1813), car il fallut attendre la fin des guerres napoléoniennes. Pourquoi un traité ? 2 À la fin du XVIIIe siècle, les colons anglais du nord-est de l’Amérique s’insurgent contre leur métropole. Ils sont vainqueurs avec l’aide de la France. 3 De même, au début du XIXe siècle, les colons espagnols de l’Amérique du sud s’insurgent contre l’Espagne.
    [Show full text]
  • Haitian Historical and Cultural Legacy
    Haitian Historical and Cultural Legacy A Journey Through Time A Resource Guide for Teachers HABETAC The Haitian Bilingual/ESL Technical Assistance Center HABETAC The Haitian Bilingual/ESL Technical Assistance Center @ Brooklyn College 2900 Bedford Avenue James Hall, Room 3103J Brooklyn, NY 11210 Copyright © 2005 Teachers and educators, please feel free to make copies as needed to use with your students in class. Please contact HABETAC at 718-951-4668 to obtain copies of this publication. Funded by the New York State Education Department Acknowledgments Haitian Historical and Cultural Legacy: A Journey Through Time is for teachers of grades K through 12. The idea of this book was initiated by the Haitian Bilingual/ESL Technical Assistance Center (HABETAC) at City College under the direction of Myriam C. Augustin, the former director of HABETAC. This is the realization of the following team of committed, knowledgeable, and creative writers, researchers, activity developers, artists, and editors: Marie José Bernard, Resource Specialist, HABETAC at City College, New York, NY Menes Dejoie, School Psychologist, CSD 17, Brooklyn, NY Yves Raymond, Bilingual Coordinator, Erasmus Hall High School for Science and Math, Brooklyn, NY Marie Lily Cerat, Writing Specialist, P.S. 181, CSD 17, Brooklyn, NY Christine Etienne, Bilingual Staff Developer, CSD 17, Brooklyn, NY Amidor Almonord, Bilingual Teacher, P.S. 189, CSD 17, Brooklyn, NY Peter Kondrat, Educational Consultant and Freelance Writer, Brooklyn, NY Alix Ambroise, Jr., Social Studies Teacher, P.S. 138, CSD 17, Brooklyn, NY Professor Jean Y. Plaisir, Assistant Professor, Department of Childhood Education, City College of New York, New York, NY Claudette Laurent, Administrative Assistant, HABETAC at City College, New York, NY Christian Lemoine, Graphic Artist, HLH Panoramic, New York, NY.
    [Show full text]
  • The Birth of Modern-Day Haiti (Part 1) (Lecture 1)
    HAT3564: Haitian Culture and Society The Birth of Modern-Day Haiti (Part 1) (Lecture 1) Welcome to Haitian culture and society. My name is Ben Hebblethwaite, and this course is available at the University of Florida. And we are working on module five, and as you can see there, this module is concerned with the birth of modern day Haiti, which is situated roughly between 1860 and 1915. There you can see the measurable learning objectives, which you can also find at the top of the module page in Canvas. So the first part of this chapter, the birth of modern-day Haiti, is an introduction, and it addresses several matters beginning with political conflicts of earlier decades, that intensify as do fiscal and economic problems. So this is an introductory chapter that provides an overview of the latter part of the 19th century. You will also find a rapid succession of presidents that mark the turn of the century, into the 20th century in Haiti. There is a struggle between Nord Alexis, and Antenor Firmin, who struggled for power as we will explore in some detail. Then there is the tragedy of President Cincinnatus Leconte, and hundreds of others who died in an explosion of munitions at the National Palace. So this is the symbol of the disintegration of the Haitian state-- one that leads to the occupation of the United States military. And it was just three years after this explosion that the US Marines would disembark to occupy Haiti from 1915 to 1934, a subject for the next section.
    [Show full text]