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A Multi-Level Approach to Word-Formation: Complex Lexemes and Word Semantics
PROCEEDINGS of the XIHth INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS of LINGUISTS, August 29-September 4, 1982, Tokyo Published under the auspices of the CIPL (The Hague) Editors: Shirö HATTORI Kazuko INOUE Associate Editors: Tadao SHIMOMIYA Yoshio NAGASHIMA Actes du XIII0 congres international des linguistes Akten des XIII. Internationalen Linguistenkongresses Atti del XIII. congresso internazionale dei linguisti Dai ΧΙΙΙ-kai kokusai gengogakusha kaigi rombunshü Edited and published by the Proceedings 1 ishing Committee: Hiroya FLJISAKI Yoshihiko IKECAMI Tetsuya KUNIHIRO Yoshio NAGASHIMA Kinsuke HASEGAWA Kazuko INOUE Felix LOBO Tsuyoshi NARA Shiro HATTORI Kunihisa IZUMI Katsumi MATSUMOTO Takao OOE Jiro IKECAMI Hajime KITAMURA Tamotsu MATSUNAMI Tadao SHIMOMIYA Tokyo 1983 DETAILED TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page ι Organization n Summary Table of Contents in History of the International Congress of Linguists (1928-1982) in Synopsis of the XHIth International Congress of Linguists (Tokyo 1982) iv Preface Shirö Hattori ν List of Previous Proceedings (1930-1978) vm Detailed Table of Contents χ Comite International Permanent des Linguistes xxn Officially Represented Universities, Academies and Scientific Societies .. xxv List of Participants xxvm GREETINGS AND CLOSING ADDRESSES Opening Session Greetings by Shirö Hattori, President of the Congress 3 Greetings by Shigeo Kawamoto, President of the Linguistic Society of Japan 4 Greetings by Robert H. Robins, President of the Comite International Permanent des Linguistes 5 The Address of His Imperial Highness the Crown Prince of Japan .... 6 Congratulatory Message by Heiji Ogawa, Minister of Education, Science and Culture 8 Congratulatory Message by Koji Fushimi, President of the Science Coun cil of Japan 10 Closing Session Closing Address by Shirö Hattori 12 Address at Closing Ceremony by R. -
DIMENSIONS and LEVELS of LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS When
DIMENSIONS AND LEVELS OF LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS Tukhtaeva Farida Lecturer, Bukhara State University, Foreign languages faculty, Uzbekistan. Abstract: What are dimensions? Dimensions are syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations between units of language. As a result of their potentiality of occurrence in a definite context or sentence lingual units such as, morphemes, phonemes, lexemes go into relations of two distinctive types. They are often called syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations in scientific literature. Key words: dimension, linguistic analysis, literature. When lingual units join with others along a horizontal dimension, they enter into syntagmatic relations. Syntagmatic relations are direct linear relations between units of language of the same level in a segmental order. For example: “My little brother watered beautiful flowers in our garden.” In this following sentence the words and word-groups are syntagmatically related. They are: brother, my little brother, watered, my little brother watered, watered beautiful flowers, beautiful flowers, watered in our garden. Morphemes of the words in this sentence are also connected syntagmatically. E.g.: flower/s, water/ed, beauty/ful. Phonemes and graphemes are connected syntagmatically within morphemes and words. For example: b/r/o/t/h/e/r, g/a/r/d/e/n. The combination of two words or word-groups in a segmental string, one of which is followed by the other, forms a unit which is referred to as a syntactic “syntagma.”There are 4 basic kinds of theoretical syntagmas: predicative syntagma, which expresses a combination of a subject and a predicate. For example: My uncle grows wheat in the field every year. In the following sentence “My uncle grows” is a predicative syntagma. -
L E X I C O L O G Y
L E X I C O L O G Y (Reader) Compiled by Otar Mateshvili Literature: a) obligatory 1.Petrova I., Lexicology (A Short Course of Lectures, 2nd revised edition) 1986; 2.Antrushina G.B., Afanasyeva O.V., Morozova N.N. – English Lexicology, M., 1999 3.Lectures on English Lexicology, Kazan, 2010 http://kpfu.ru/docs/F1797492221/Lectures.on.Le_icology1.pdf Additional: 1.Ginzburg R., A Course in Modern English Lexicology, 1966 2.Arnold I., The English Word, 1986 3.Leonhard Lipka, An Outline of English Lexicology, Tubingen, 1992 1 Contents: Lecture 1 The object of Lexicology; connection of Lexicology with other branches of linguistics; language as a system of signs; synchrony and diachrony pg. 4-9 Lecture 2 Plane of expression and plane of content of language. Word as a basic unit of language pg.10-13 Lecture 3 Morphological and semantic structure of word; what is a word? Denotative and connotative meaning of word Pg. 14-19 Lecture 4 Paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations of word; plane of content of language Pg.20-25 Lecture 5 Semantic changes in words; metaphor and metonymy; hyperbole; litotes; Irony; euphemisms; results of semantic change Pg. 26-33 Lecture 6 Word formation (word-building); main structural types of word; roots, Stems and affixes; Pg. 34-39 Lecture 7 Word formation continued; linear types of word formation – affixal derivatives; Immediate Constituents & Ultimate constituents; transformational analysis Pg. 40-45 Lecture 8 Affixal derivation (Continued); the problem of bound roots and stems 2 Pg. 46-49 Lecture 9 Compounding (word composition) Pg. 50-55 Lecture 10 Non-linear types of word-formation; conversion; shortening; sound interchange Pg. -
Researching of the Relative Syntagmas in the Languages of Different System at the Contemporary Stage (Azerbaijani and English)
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 5, No. 11; November 2015 Researching of the Relative Syntagmas in the Languages of Different System at the Contemporary Stage (Azerbaijani and English) Hashim L. Akbarov PhD candidate Department of Foreign Languages Lankaran State University Jill, Lankaran, Azerbaijan Abstract The article deals with the investigation of syntagma and relative syntagmas in the Azerbaijani and English languages. They are researched as syntactic units of linguistics, classified according to their types and spoken widely of their meanings in the article. This unit consisting of two members of the combined words is used in the functions of determining and determined. It is explained as a semantic-syntactic event, studied and developed its semantic features. It should be noted that signs perform the system of approaches in the form of syntagmatics and paradigmatics. Syntagmatic approaches are based on distributive potentials of signs, their valence, but paradigmatic approaches are based on the selection of definite element of paradigm signs, namely for that reason Saussure considers the morphology as the “sphere of paradigmatics”, but the syntax – the “sphere of syntagmatics”. But a notion of “verticality” and “horizontality” exists even in the row of language signs of classic linguistics. So syntagmatics is explained as a “horizontality”, but paradigmatics as“verticality”. This work is one of the first attempts in this area. Thus, the theoretical and methodological basis of the origin and development of combinatorial linguistics as a fundamental discipline in which we investigate the relative syntagmas (RS), it should be regarded as theoretical works of Azerbaijani and foreign (Western European and American) linguists. -
De/Structuring the Structuralist Activity a Critique of Selected Features of The
-' ,'. --~ ~: ~···.·.·.-.'····.····~: ,'" ··.·.. ...········:·····.:.. ,., .. ·.·f·.· Mid-American Review of Sociology DE/STRUCTURING THE STRUCTURALIST ACTIVITY Rockwell, R.C. A CRITIQUE OF SELECTED FEATURES OF 1975 "Assessment of multicollinearity: the Haitovsky test of the determinant." Sociological Methods and Research 3:308-320. THE STRUCTURALIST PROBLEMATIC Roncek, D.W. 1975 "Density and crime: a methodological critique." American Be Jeffrey L. Crane, ph.D. havioral Scientist 18:843-860. University ofHawaii at Hilo 1981 "Dangerous places: crime and residential environment." Social Forces 60:74-96. Fabio B. Dasilva, Ph.D. Schmid, C.F. University ofNotre Dame 1960 "Urban crime areas. Part I." American Sociological Review 25: 527-542. This essay represents an attempt to critically assess the intel 1960 "Urban crime areas. Part II." American Sociological Review lectual orientation often termed 'structuralism.' In particular, 25:655-678. the essay is concerned with European, and even.more specifical Schmitt, R.C. ly French, structuralism as displayed in the writings of Louis 1966 "Density, health, and social disorganization." Journal of the Althusser, Roland Barthes, Michel Foucault, and C. Levi American Institute of Planners 32:3840. Strauss. The analysis indicates that despite a novel language, Shaw, C.R. and H.D. McKay an often rigorous character, and some interesting, indeed 1942 Juvenile Delinquency and Urban Areas. Chicago: The University exciting, intellectual constructions, structuralism is very much of Chicago Press. a child of positivism. The positivism[structuralism relationship Shevky, E. and W. Bell is most clearly revealed when structuralism is contrasted with 1955 Social Area Analysis. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Marxian social inquiry. For comparative and illustrative pur Shevky, E. and M. -
CHRISTIAN METZ and the CODES of CINEMA Analysis and Later with Enunciation Theory
EDITED BY MARGRIT TRÖHLER FILM THEORY FILM THEORY CHRISTIAN METZ IN MEDIA HISTORY IN MEDIA HISTORY AND GUIDO KIRSTEN AND THE CODES OF CINEMA FILM SEMIOLOGY AND BEYOND EDITED BY MARGRIT TRÖHLER AND GUIDO KIRSTEN A pioneering figure in film studies, Christian MARGRIT TRÖHLER is a professor in Metz proposed countless new concepts for the Department of Film Studies at the reflecting on cinema from the 1960s to the University of Zurich. 1980s. Rooted in a phenomenological struc GUIDO KIRSTEN is a postdoctoral re turalism, he worked out a film semiology searcher in the Department of Media which he then confronted with psycho Studies at Stockholm University. CINEMA OF CODES THE AND METZ CHRISTIAN analysis and later with enunciation theory. He also played a key role in establishing film studies as a scholarly discipline, making major contributions to its institutionaliza tion in universities worldwide. This book brings together a stellar roster of contribu tors to present a close analysis of Metz’s writings, their theoretical and epistemologi cal positions, and their ongoing influence today. ISBN 978-90-896-4892-1 AUP.nl 9 789089 648921 AUP_FtMh_KIRSTENe.a._(CMETZ)_rug28mm_v05.indd 1 18-01-18 12:16 Christian Metz and the Codes of Cinema Film Theory in Media History Film Theory in Media History explores the epistemological and theoretical foundations of the study of film through texts by classical authors as well as anthologies and monographs on key issues and developments in film theory. Adopting a historical perspective, but with a firm eye to the further development of the field, the series provides a platform for ground-breaking new research into film theory and media history and features high-profile editorial projects that offer resources for teaching and scholarship. -
FRENCH DISCOURSE ANALYSIS Glyn Williams
FRENCH DISCOURSE ANALYSIS The method of post-structuralism Glyn Williams London and New York I ELLIW HAF First published 1999 by Routledge Fy nghariad a' m cymar. 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 © 1999 Glyn Williams Typeset in Bembo by Keystroke, Jacaranda Lodge, Wolverhampton Printed and bound in Great Britain by Mackays of Chatham plc, Chatham, Kent All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any fonn or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library cifCongress Cataloguing in Publication Data Williams, Glyn French Discourse Analysis: The method of post-structuralism/Glyn Williarns. Includes bibliographical references. 1. French language--Discourse analysis. 2. Poststructuralism. I. Title. PC2434.WSS 1998 440.1'41-dc21 98-13943 ISBN 0-415-18940-3 CONTENTS Acknowledgements xi Introduction 1 1 Modernism and the philosophy of language 11 Modernism 11 The Enlightenment, reason and philosophies rf language 12 Language 21 Discourse 2 6 Conclusion 3 2 2 Structuralism 33 Sign and signifier 35 Langue and parole 40 Influences 44 Uvi-Strauss 48 Lacan 53 Conclusion 61 3 Post-structuralism 63 Bachelard and the philosophy rf science 64 Canguilhem on science as discourse 65 Althusser's anti-humanism 67 Foucault and discourse 7 6 Subject, object, concep ts and enonciative modalities 85 The production rf discourse 89 Power and resistance 94 Conclusion 98 Vll CONTENTS 4 Materialism and Discourse 100 Interpretation 2 80 Introduction 100 Conclusion 284 Th e Althusserian influence 103 normativity and the ontology of being 285 The methodology cifAAD69 112 9 Post-structuralism. -
Combinatory Linguistics: an Area of Theoretical and Applied Language Study
International Journal of Language and Linguistics 2014; 2(3): 165-173 Published online April 30, 2014 (http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijll) doi: 10.11648/j.ijll.20140203.15 Combinatory Linguistics: An area of theoretical and applied language study Marina Vlavatskaya Dep. of Foreign Languages (Dep. of Humanities), Novosibirsk State Technical University (NSTU), Novosibirsk, Russia Email address: [email protected] To cite this article: Marina Vlavatskaya. Combinatory Linguistics: An Area of Theoretical and Applied Language Study. International Journal of Language and Linguistics. Vol. 2, No. 3, 2014, pp. 165-173. doi: 10.11648/j.ijll.20140203.15 Abstract: This paper aims to describe Combinatory Linguistics as an area dealing with syntagmatic relations of language units and their combinatory profile. In this respect collocability is a subject of separate study and it should be described in an independent branch of language area. Combinatory Linguistics includes theoretical (Combinatory Lexicology, Combinatory Semasiology) and an applied section (Combinatorial Lexicography). The perspectives, objectives, terminological framework and the fundamental theory prove the importance of combinatory science about language in the structure of theoretical and applied linguistics. Within the discipline the following aspects of studying combinability of language units can be singled out: methodological, metalinguistic, functional, semantic, cognitive, psycholinguistic, normative, etc. Keywords: Combinatorics, Syntagmatics, Collocability, Combinability, -
Ferdinand De Saussure
Introduction to Theoretical and Applied Linguistics FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE 18/09/ /1857-1913/ 2020 FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE • Ferdinand de Saussure (/soʊˈsjʊər/; French: [fɛʁdinɑ̃ də sosyʁ]; 26 November 1857 – 22 February 1913) was a Swiss linguist and semiotician/ˌsɛmɪəˈtɪʃən/ or semioticist (ˌsɛmɪˈɒtɪsɪst). His ideas laid a foundation for many significant developments in both linguistics and semiology in the 20th century. • He is widely considered one of the founders of 20th-century linguistics and one of two major founders (together with Charles Sanders Peirce (/pɜːrs/ "purse"; 10 September 1839 – 19 April 1914) ) of semiotics/ semiology. SAUSSURE'S SYSTEM OF SCIENCES General Psychology Social Psychology Semiology Linguistics External Internal Synchronic Diachronic SAUSSURE'S SYSTEM OF SCIENCES The structure of linguistics and its relationship with other sciences (as follows from Saussure's concept) can be represented as follows: General Psychology Social Psychology Semiology LINGUISTICS External linguistics – Internal linguistics Linguistics of speech – Linguistics of language Diachronic linguistics – Synchronic linguistics Syntagma theory – Association theory SEMIOLOGY • Beginning with the Greek word sēméion meaning "sign", Saussure proposes a new science of "Semiology": "a science that studies the life of signs within society" SYNTAGMATIC AND PARADIGMATIC RELATIONS • Syntagmatic means one element selects the other element either to precede it or to follow it. For example, the definitive article "the" selects a noun and not a verb. “ SYNTAGMATIC AND PARADIGMATIC RELATIONS • Paradigmatic analysis is the analysis of paradigms embedded in the text rather than of the surface structure (syntax) of the text which is termed syntagmatic analysis. SYNTAGMATIC AND PARADIGMATIC RELATIONS • In semiotics, the commutation test is used to analyze a signifying system. -
The Indeterminacy of Word Segmentation and the Nature of Morphology and Syntax1
1 The indeterminacy of word segmentation and the nature of morphology and syntax1 Martin Haspelmath Max-Planck-Institut für evolutionäre Anthropologie, Leipzig The general distinction between morphology and syntax is widely taken for granted, but it crucially depends on the notion of a cross-linguistically valid concept of "(morphosyntactic) word". I show that there are no good criteria for defining such a concept. I examine ten criteria in some detail (potential pauses, free occurrence, mobility, uninterruptibility, non-selectivity, non-coordinatability, anaphoric islandhood, nonextractability, morphophonological isiosyncrasies, and deviations from biuniqueness), and I show that none of them is necessary and sufficient on its own, and no combination of them gives a definition of "word" that accords with linguists' orthographic practice. "Word" can be defined as a language-specific concept, but this is not relevant to the general question pursued here. "Word" can be defined as a fuzzy concept, but this is theoretically meaningful only if the continuum between affixes and words, or words and phrases, shows some clustering, for which there is no systematic evidence at present. Thus, I conclude that we do not currently have a good basis for dividing the domain of morphosyntax into "morphology" and "syntax", and that linguists should be very careful with general claims that make crucial reference to a cross-linguistic "word" notion. Keywords: word, clitic, affix, morphology, syntax, morphosyntax, lexical integrity 1. Words and the morphology-syntax division Linguists generally assume that morphology and syntax are two different levels of grammatical organization. Descriptive grammars contain separate sections dealing with word structure and sentence structure, introductory courses and textbooks deal with either morphology or syntax, and linguists sometimes define themselves as morphologists or syntacticians and attend specialized conferences. -
Grammatic Communication Between Joint Components
International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 7, (2020), pp. 2101-2103 Grammatic Communication Between Joint Components Abdurayim Turobov Samarkand state institute of foreign languages Samarkand, Uzbekistan [email protected] Abstract In this article both syntactic relation and semantic relation among the components of compound word were observed according to small syntax issues. Moreover, this information about the lingvistic nature was given. According to syntactic point of view, it was scientifically proven that the grammatic relation among the components of compound word remains in the static state both when it is used in the composition of the sentence and when it is taken independently. Keywords: Vocabulary, joint word, syntactic relation, syntax, semantic distribution, syntax, lexeme, component, derivative lexeme, syntactic relationship, composition method, grammatical relation, atomic predicate, morphological means. I. INTRODUCTION The grammatical relation among the components of compound word remains its static position, whether it is used in the sentence or independently. Of course, the phrase is born in the speech. After this, according to the request of large syntax, the relation among its components becomes dynamic. In the most cases, the syntactic relation among the components of compound word becomes in the adjective - defining model: qizil gul, oq olma. It proves that the syntagma can equalize compound words. We can see the status of syntagma not only in compound words, but also in all formed-words. By the way, F.de.Sossur comment formed-words as a syntagma. Lire-o’qimoq, relir-qayta o’qimoq [1: 155]. We have just mentioned above about the comment of the english scientist, G.Marchand. -
An Overview of Generative Grammar in Albanian
E-ISSN 2281-4612 Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Vol 4 No 2 S2 ISSN 2281-3993 MCSER Publishing, Rome-Italy August 2015 An Overview of Generative Grammar in Albanian Gilberta Hadaj Gidiola Hysaj PhD Candidate, Department of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, Albanian University Email: [email protected] Doi:10.5901/ajis.2015.v4n2s2p231 Abstract In general, the concept of grammar is seen as a coherent system of principles that determine the formation of the generative syntax of a language, the basic idea is that the sentence is generated as an abstract structural representation, which becomes further from the derivation based on structure, following the universal principles and specific parameters for each language. The universal knowledge and language-specific parameters enables design respective grammar of these languages from which can then be generalized to a universal grammar. This paper will analyze how our customized linguistics generalizes it more specifically in terms of terminologies, terms as ingredients, complement, adjunct, etc. The limbs of the second functional generativist treatment have changed not only the terminology, but the scope of their use in relation to the position where they are. Research topic: Syntax study on the current Albanian generalization, terms and concepts, their use in Albanian. Keywords: terms, syntax Albanian, generative syntax. 1. Introduction Linguistics is one of the most prominent disciplines among the interdisciplinary social sciences. From all the linguistic theories, generativism which is also known as generative grammar transformer, or simply generative grammar, is the one that has given the greatest contribution to the growth of the name of linguistics.