UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Regional Renewable Energy in Central Finland Jyväskylä
Jouko Korppi-Tommola, University of Jyväskylä, 17.10.2006
2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ
THE REGION OF CENTRAL FINLAND
• Inhabitants: 267 000 • 30 towns and townships • Forest 10 % (Finland 100 %) • Lake Side 68 m/per inhabitant
2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ
CENTRAL FINLAND LIVES FROM WOOD, METAL AND KNOW-HOW
• Forest Based Cluster (UPM-Kymmene, Metsä-Botnia, Metsä-Serla,Wood Product Industries..) • The Metal Industry (Metso, Valtra ..) • Information Technology (Nokia, Tietoenator ..) • Public Services (municipalities, C-F hospital, ..) • Education and Know-how (JU, JPolytechnics ..) • Graphics Industry • Tourism
2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ
CENTRAL FINLAND 2005: POPULATION DISTRIBUTION AND EMPLOYEES IN Office Machinery & Computers & Information Tech & Printing
168
113 3632 234
2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ
ENERGY CONSUMING INDUSTRY IN CENTRAL FINLAND 2005: EMPLOYEES
Pulp and paper, Metal industry wood
189 142
171 110
1955 137 821
550 125 251 227 2995 460
2546 711
2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Energy consumption in Central Finland 2004
Oil 4,4 TWh
Industry 10,9 TWh Wood 4,3 TWh
Black liquor 2,3 TWh
House heating Peat 2,2 TWh 4,6 TWh
REF 0,2 TWh
Hydro power 0,2 TWh Other consumption 1,2 TWh Other 0,7 TWh Transportation 2,6 TWh Electricity import 5,0 TWh TOTAL 19,3 TWh 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Energy Consumption in Central Finland 2004
From TOTAL consumption of 19 324 GWh Industry 57% – Local energy sources 51 % (9,9 TWh) Heating 24% Transportation 14% – Wood 22 % Other 6% – Black Liquor 12% – Oil 23 % Growth of consumption (GWh) – Peat 11 % 25000 – Hydro 1% – Imported electricity 19324 20000 17814 26 % 15244 15000 GWh 15,3 % 10000 growth 5000 in eleven 0 years! 1993 1998 2004 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Electricity consumption TOTAL 6 500 GWh
- Local production 23 % (1 500 GWh) - Import 77 % (5 000 GWh) PJuublkliincen 5 % YPksriivtyainteen SPearlvviecleu Consumption 15 % 5 % by sector: FMaaramtainlogus 2 %
JaInlodsutusstry 73 % 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Space heating
1998 2004 Maalämpö ElSeächtrkicöity Heat pumps Sähkö %1 Electricity %16 %1 ÖOljiyl %15 OÖiljy %24 %30
PTeuarvt e %1 PTeuartve %1 KaDuisktorliäcmt hpeöating %34 WoPoudu DKaisutrkiocltä hmepaöting Wood %17 Puu %42 %19 Towards renewable energy!
- Reduction in oil consumption - Increase in district heating - Emergence of environmental heat (soil, lakes, air) 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ
University of Jyväskylä - International Science University
• 2nd largest in Finland in terms of number of M.Sc. degrees granted • Eight Centers of Excellence (two shared) • Seven faculties (Natural Science, Social Sciences, Economics,…) & nine institutes • 2500 employers,16 000 students • Founded in 1934
2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ
Renewable Energy Teaching and Research – Program
Faculties: Mathematics and Science School of Economics Social Sciences
Funding: 2003 - 2006 EU regional funds, www.UusiutuvaEnergia.jyu.fi cross regional From 2007 on JU
2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ
Partners of Renewable Energy Program
Educational and Research organizations Companies -VTT Energy, Jyväskylä* -Helsinki University of Technology -VAPO Oy* -Technical University of Tampere -Jyväskylä Energy Oy* -University of Vaasa -Jyväskylän Science Park OY* -Jyväskylä Polytechnic; -Moventas Oy Institute for natural resources -HT-Enerco Oy* -Vasa Yrkeshögskola (Polytechnic) -Keuruun energiatekniikka Oy* -Seinäjoki Polytechnic -Keskimaa Osk* -Viitasaaren Lämpö OY* -Merinova Oy, Vaasa* Cities and townships -Tulikivi Oy -Ala-Talkkari Oy Jyväskylä*, Seinäjoki -Genano Oy Jkl:n maalaiskunta*, Keuruu* Äänekoski*, Konnevesi*, Hankasalmi* * supporting financially Viitasaari*, Saarijärvi*,
2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ
Energy Research in JU
• Long history, related to local core industry: energy efficiency in forest industry, peat processing, black liquor recovery, biogas research
• Co-operation with local actors e.g. Metso Oyj, Vapo Oy, VTT (Energy, Jyväskylä), Jyväskylä Science Park Oy
• Renewable Energy (RE) Study and Research program launched in Jan 2003
2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ
RE Program - Profile & Vision
• Focus on renewable energy areas that have received little attention in Finland and on promotion of use of renewables on regional and national level
• Multidisciplinary approach combining technical, economical, environmental and social aspects, unique in Finland
• Focus on globally growing energy sectors – biomass, biogas, µ−CHP, pellets, biodiesel – solar energy, electricity, heat – wind energy – environment heat, heat pumps – integrated systems, hydrogen – evaluation of the energy chains, LCAs
2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ
Co-operation and important relations
• VTT (Energy, Jyväskylä): Bioenergy Research center shared research director, combustion of biomass
• Jyväskylä Science Park, regional utilization and commercialization of renewable energy
• Companies, PVO Oy (CO2-recovery), VAPO Oy (field drying of biomass), HT-Enerco Oy (µ-CHP), Jyväskylä Energy Oy (hydrogen production and storage), Keskimaa Osk (renewables in real estate investments)
• Advisor to preparatory committees of the Finnish Parliament and ministry of Trade and Commerce on renewables
2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ
Renewable Energy Program
• Staff: 5 professors, 2 research directors, 4 researchers, coordinator, laboratory engineer
• 59 M.Sc. students: master thesis topics from industries & companies, regional development organization
• 10 PhD students, including 2 (out of 5) of Graduate School of Energy Technology (funded by Academy of Finland)
2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ M.Sc. Training in Renewable Energy Program
1. Technology (Phys, Chem, Math.-Statistics sudents) ‘Physics, chemistry and simulation of RE energy technology’ 10-25 students/y, 25 students
2. Environment (Biology and environmental study students) Total 59 students ‘Environmental impacts of energy production’ 5-15 students/y, 21 students
3. Socio-economy (social sciences and economy students) ‘Energy economy and -policy’ 3-5 students/y, 13 students
2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ
Teaching courses in the RE program
FYSS390 Technical fluid mechanics and thermo dynamics (8 op) KEMS848 Advanced laboratory practicals in renewable energy (8-12 op) KEMS806 Wind energy technology (4 op) KEMS808 Fuel cell technology (4 op)
YMPA217 Energy and environment, book exam (4 op)
YMPS341 Measurement techniques in air protection (4 op) YMPS450 Biogas technology (2 op) CEMS230 Managing a green organisation (5 op) CEMS250 Corporative environmental strategy and marketing (5 op)
total study credits = 44 op
2006 Dr.Kolhe lecturing RE students UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ
Research areas
-Biogas production and upgrading technology Prof. Jukka Rintala
-Biomass combustion Research Director Martti Aho
-Hydrogen technology Research Director Mohanlal Kohle
-Solar energy Prof. Jouko Korppi-Tommola Dr. Jussi Maunuksela
-Sosio-economic studies Prof. Hanna-Leena Pesonen Prof. Marja Järvelä
2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ
Topics in Renewable Energy Research
• Bioenergy: • Social - Small scale combustion • Environmental issues - Particle emissions - Disposal of by-products - Biomethane and biohydrogen - Emission control • Solar energy - Sustainability of biomass production - DSSC, silicon PV - GHG impacts - Heat collectros Other related projects on campus • Integrated systems • Black liquor combustion - ABC service station • Nuclear safety
- Solar and wind based H2 • Communication
production, storage and use • Economics
2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Solar energy
Third generation Solar Cells
-1.6 ) 2 -1.4
(mA/cm -1.2 -1.0 Illumination 1:6 sun
2 -0.8 Cell area 2 x 0.785 cm Power 542 µW/cm2 -0.6 FF 54 % -0.4 Efficiency 3.2 % Photocurrent -0.2 0.0 Jani Kallioinen 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 Voltage (V)
Co-operation with Nokia 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Saarijärvi school hi-tech PV-system
6 kWp
New commercial solution HIT (Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin layer) Manufacturer gives 16,5% efficiency
2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Saarijärvi school, Sanyo HIT panel, 6 kWp, Oct – Nov 2005 Paneelihyötysuhde High efficiency > 17%
0,3
0,25
0,2 y c
n 0,15 e i c Hyötysuhde fi
f 0,1 E 0,05
0 8.10. 12.10. 16.10. 20.10. 24.10. 28.10. 1.11. 5.11. 9.11. 13.11. PDateäivämäärä Paneelihyötysuhde
2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Research on solar collector efficiency at Northern latitudes
Research laboratory in Vaajakoski
2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Flat plate and vacuum heat production May 2005
Flat Plate Vacuum collector Vacuum Tube tubes from China collector assembled
s in Finland y a d
f
o Aim:
r
e Promotion of use of b
m solar heat collectors u
N in Finland
Daily heat production in May 2005, (kWh/m2) 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Modelling heat transfer processes for field biomass dryer Outdoor Temperature [K] co-op with VAPO Oy 300 295
290
285
280
275
270
265 1 6 11 16 21 26 31
Solar Radiation [W/m2] 1200
1000
800
600
400
Numerical, transient 2-dim. 200
0 heat transfer model 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ
Biogas research
Energy crops
• Specially grown for energy production • Important characteristics: – high annual yields per hectare – easy to cultivate, harvest and store
2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ CONCEPT OF FARM-SCALE BIOGAS PLANT – KALMARI FARM
ANIMAL HOUSING POST-STORAGE DIGESTER TANK PRE-STORAGE TANK
CHP
MIX/PRE-TRT BIOGAS ROOM UPGRADING
2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ
Biomethane
• For heat and electricity production (CHP), optimizing production time • Upgrading biogas for biofuel for vehicles • Injecting to natural gas net • Fuel cells
Near future plan:
Purificaiton of landfill gas for traffic fuel Private cars, service vechicles, taxes
2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ
Electricity from pellets at 15 kWe
95% total efficiency Heating power 60 kW
Goal After testing prototype commercial product by local companies
2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Comb. air preheating & flue gas recirculation Stirling-engine 9-10 kWe
Pellet burner Vertical Furnace, fuel power 80 kW max
Economisers Extract about 60 kW) 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Hydrogen from solar and wind power
at 7 kWp power
PV-panels and wind turbine Hydrogen car 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Research Focus of Economic Renewable Energy Research
Current important changes taking place in the energy sector require new innovative business solutions for energy companies. These changes in energy sector, especially emission trading and energy taxation, have also significant impact on competitiveness of other business sectors. Our energy related research focuses on: . New business models based on renewable energy sources, and . Competitiveness impacts of the changing energy sector.
2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Viitasaari ABC service station, 97% renewables
Monthly Heat Production 2005-2006 3,0 30
2,5 25
2,0 20 Flat Plate collectors 32 kWp, TiNOx coating Tilt angle 35° 1,5 15 Net area 38 m2 Facing South
1,0 10 Heat Pump [MWh/kk] 0,5 5 Solar Collectors [MWh/kk]
0,0 0
1/05 2/05 3/05 4/05 5/05 6/05 7/05 8/05 9/05 1/06 2/06 3/06 4/06 10/05 11/05 12/05
Solar Collectors Lake Water Heat Pump Lake heat pump 290 kWh , 7,5 km pipe in the lake 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Electricity Production— Viitasaari ABC Service Station
Monthly Electricity Production 2005 -2006 700
600 92 m2 amorphous silicon 500 Tilt angle 5°, facing south Peak power 4,2 kWp 400 [kWh/kk]
300
200 Electricity 100
0
1/05 2/05 3/05 4/05 5/05 6/05 7/05 8/05 9/05 1/06 2/06 3/06 4/06 10/05 11/05 12/05
Major part, 99.5% ofP Ve slyesctetmricWitiynd p Turrbcinhe ased as ’green’ 10 kW wind turbine on the top of the advertisement tower 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Future goals set to Energy Research at the University of Jyväskylä
. MW scale pilot biogas reactor . Ton scale local biodiesel demonstration . Testing and commercializing the µ−CHP system . Development of a next generation dye sensitized solar cell . Development of 10 kW solar and wind based hydrogen storage and fuel cell system, reliable models for extension to MW scale . Socio-Economic studies of implementation of renewables . Increased activity in exporting RE teaching in deloping countries . Increased co-operation with European and Asian players . Become a leading RE teaching and research unit in Finland
2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ
Contact info:
RE-program Professori Jouko Korppi-Tommola B.O.Box 35 FIN-40014 Univeristy of Jyväskylä Finalnd p. +358-14-2602553 [email protected] Coordinator M.Sc. Anni Mikkonen p. +358-14-2602673 f. +358-14-2602551 [email protected] www.UusiutuvaEnergia.jyu.fi
In picture Minister of Trade and Commerce Mauri Pekkarinen Hear of the RE-program professor Jouko Korppi-Tommola 2006