UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Regional Renewable Energy in Central Jyväskylä

Jouko Korppi-Tommola, University of Jyväskylä, 17.10.2006

2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ

THE REGION OF

• Inhabitants: 267 000 • 30 towns and townships • Forest 10 % (Finland 100 %) • Lake Side 68 m/per inhabitant

2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ

CENTRAL FINLAND LIVES FROM WOOD, METAL AND KNOW-HOW

• Forest Based Cluster (UPM-Kymmene, Metsä-Botnia, Metsä-Serla,Wood Product Industries..) • The Metal Industry (Metso, Valtra ..) • Information Technology (Nokia, Tietoenator ..) • Public Services (municipalities, C-F hospital, ..) • Education and Know-how (JU, JPolytechnics ..) • Graphics Industry • Tourism

2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ

CENTRAL FINLAND 2005: POPULATION DISTRIBUTION AND EMPLOYEES IN Office Machinery & Computers & Information Tech & Printing

168

113 3632 234

2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ

ENERGY CONSUMING INDUSTRY IN CENTRAL FINLAND 2005: EMPLOYEES

Pulp and paper, Metal industry wood

189 142

171 110

1955 137 821

550 125 251 227 2995 460

2546 711

2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Energy consumption in Central Finland 2004

Oil 4,4 TWh

Industry 10,9 TWh Wood 4,3 TWh

Black liquor 2,3 TWh

House heating Peat 2,2 TWh 4,6 TWh

REF 0,2 TWh

Hydro power 0,2 TWh Other consumption 1,2 TWh Other 0,7 TWh Transportation 2,6 TWh Electricity import 5,0 TWh TOTAL 19,3 TWh 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Energy Consumption in Central Finland 2004

From TOTAL consumption of 19 324 GWh Industry 57% – Local energy sources 51 % (9,9 TWh) Heating 24% Transportation 14% – Wood 22 % Other 6% – Black Liquor 12% – Oil 23 % Growth of consumption (GWh) – Peat 11 % 25000 – Hydro 1% – Imported electricity 19324 20000 17814 26 % 15244 15000 GWh 15,3 % 10000 growth 5000 in eleven 0 years! 1993 1998 2004 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Electricity consumption TOTAL 6 500 GWh

- Local production 23 % (1 500 GWh) - Import 77 % (5 000 GWh) PJuublkliincen 5 % YPksriivtyainteen SPearlvviecleu Consumption 15 % 5 % by sector: FMaaramtainlogus 2 %

JaInlodsutusstry 73 % 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Space heating

1998 2004 Maalämpö ElSeächtrkicöity Heat pumps Sähkö %1 Electricity %16 %1 ÖOljiyl %15 OÖiljy %24 %30

PTeuarvt e %1 PTeuartve %1 KaDuisktorliäcmt hpeöating %34 WoPoudu DKaisutrkiocltä hmepaöting Wood %17 Puu %42 %19 Towards renewable energy!

- Reduction in oil consumption - Increase in district heating - Emergence of environmental heat (soil, lakes, air) 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ

University of Jyväskylä - International Science University

• 2nd largest in Finland in terms of number of M.Sc. degrees granted • Eight Centers of Excellence (two shared) • Seven faculties (Natural Science, Social Sciences, Economics,…) & nine institutes • 2500 employers,16 000 students • Founded in 1934

2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ

Renewable Energy Teaching and Research – Program

Faculties: Mathematics and Science School of Economics Social Sciences

Funding: 2003 - 2006 EU regional funds, www.UusiutuvaEnergia.jyu.fi cross regional From 2007 on JU

2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ

Partners of Renewable Energy Program

Educational and Research organizations Companies -VTT Energy, Jyväskylä* -Helsinki University of Technology -VAPO Oy* -Technical University of Tampere -Jyväskylä Energy Oy* -University of Vaasa -Jyväskylän Science Park OY* -Jyväskylä Polytechnic; -Moventas Oy Institute for natural resources -HT-Enerco Oy* -Vasa Yrkeshögskola (Polytechnic) -Keuruun energiatekniikka Oy* -Seinäjoki Polytechnic -Keskimaa Osk* -Viitasaaren Lämpö OY* -Merinova Oy, Vaasa* Cities and townships -Tulikivi Oy -Ala-Talkkari Oy Jyväskylä*, Seinäjoki -Genano Oy Jkl:n maalaiskunta*, * Äänekoski*, Konnevesi*, * * supporting financially *, Saarijärvi*,

2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ

Energy Research in JU

• Long history, related to local core industry: energy efficiency in forest industry, peat processing, black liquor recovery, biogas research

• Co-operation with local actors e.g. Metso Oyj, Vapo Oy, VTT (Energy, Jyväskylä), Jyväskylä Science Park Oy

• Renewable Energy (RE) Study and Research program launched in Jan 2003

2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ

RE Program - Profile & Vision

• Focus on renewable energy areas that have received little attention in Finland and on promotion of use of renewables on regional and national level

• Multidisciplinary approach combining technical, economical, environmental and social aspects, unique in Finland

• Focus on globally growing energy sectors – biomass, biogas, µ−CHP, pellets, biodiesel – solar energy, electricity, heat – wind energy – environment heat, heat pumps – integrated systems, hydrogen – evaluation of the energy chains, LCAs

2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ

Co-operation and important relations

• VTT (Energy, Jyväskylä): Bioenergy Research center shared research director, combustion of biomass

• Jyväskylä Science Park, regional utilization and commercialization of renewable energy

• Companies, PVO Oy (CO2-recovery), VAPO Oy (field drying of biomass), HT-Enerco Oy (µ-CHP), Jyväskylä Energy Oy (hydrogen production and storage), Keskimaa Osk (renewables in real estate investments)

• Advisor to preparatory committees of the Finnish Parliament and ministry of Trade and Commerce on renewables

2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ

Renewable Energy Program

• Staff: 5 professors, 2 research directors, 4 researchers, coordinator, laboratory engineer

• 59 M.Sc. students: master thesis topics from industries & companies, regional development organization

• 10 PhD students, including 2 (out of 5) of Graduate School of Energy Technology (funded by Academy of Finland)

2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ M.Sc. Training in Renewable Energy Program

1. Technology (Phys, Chem, Math.-Statistics sudents) ‘Physics, chemistry and simulation of RE energy technology’ 10-25 students/y, 25 students

2. Environment (Biology and environmental study students) Total 59 students ‘Environmental impacts of energy production’ 5-15 students/y, 21 students

3. Socio-economy (social sciences and economy students) ‘Energy economy and -policy’ 3-5 students/y, 13 students

2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ

Teaching courses in the RE program

FYSS390 Technical fluid mechanics and thermo dynamics (8 op) KEMS848 Advanced laboratory practicals in renewable energy (8-12 op) KEMS806 Wind energy technology (4 op) KEMS808 Fuel cell technology (4 op)

YMPA217 Energy and environment, book exam (4 op)

YMPS341 Measurement techniques in air protection (4 op) YMPS450 Biogas technology (2 op) CEMS230 Managing a green organisation (5 op) CEMS250 Corporative environmental strategy and marketing (5 op)

total study credits = 44 op

2006 Dr.Kolhe lecturing RE students UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ

Research areas

-Biogas production and upgrading technology Prof. Jukka Rintala

-Biomass combustion Research Director Martti Aho

-Hydrogen technology Research Director Mohanlal Kohle

-Solar energy Prof. Jouko Korppi-Tommola Dr. Jussi Maunuksela

-Sosio-economic studies Prof. Hanna-Leena Pesonen Prof. Marja Järvelä

2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ

Topics in Renewable Energy Research

• Bioenergy: • Social - Small scale combustion • Environmental issues - Particle emissions - Disposal of by-products - Biomethane and biohydrogen - Emission control • Solar energy - Sustainability of biomass production - DSSC, silicon PV - GHG impacts - Heat collectros Other related projects on campus • Integrated systems • Black liquor combustion - ABC service station • Nuclear safety

- Solar and wind based H2 • Communication

production, storage and use • Economics

2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Solar energy

Third generation Solar Cells

-1.6 ) 2 -1.4

(mA/cm -1.2 -1.0 Illumination 1:6 sun

2 -0.8 Cell area 2 x 0.785 cm Power 542 µW/cm2 -0.6 FF 54 % -0.4 Efficiency 3.2 % Photocurrent -0.2 0.0 Jani Kallioinen 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 Voltage (V)

Co-operation with Nokia 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Saarijärvi school hi-tech PV-system

6 kWp

New commercial solution HIT (Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin layer) Manufacturer gives 16,5% efficiency

2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Saarijärvi school, Sanyo HIT panel, 6 kWp, Oct – Nov 2005 Paneelihyötysuhde High efficiency > 17%

0,3

0,25

0,2 y c

n 0,15 e i c Hyötysuhde fi

f 0,1 E 0,05

0 8.10. 12.10. 16.10. 20.10. 24.10. 28.10. 1.11. 5.11. 9.11. 13.11. PDateäivämäärä Paneelihyötysuhde

2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Research on solar collector efficiency at Northern latitudes

Research laboratory in Vaajakoski

2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Flat plate and vacuum heat production May 2005

Flat Plate Vacuum collector Vacuum Tube tubes from China collector assembled

s in Finland y a d

f

o Aim:

r

e Promotion of use of b

m solar heat collectors u

N in Finland

Daily heat production in May 2005, (kWh/m2) 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Modelling heat transfer processes for field biomass dryer Outdoor Temperature [K] co-op with VAPO Oy 300 295

290

285

280

275

270

265 1 6 11 16 21 26 31

Solar Radiation [W/m2] 1200

1000

800

600

400

Numerical, transient 2-dim. 200

0 heat transfer model 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ

Biogas research

Energy crops

• Specially grown for energy production • Important characteristics: – high annual yields per hectare – easy to cultivate, harvest and store

2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ CONCEPT OF FARM-SCALE BIOGAS PLANT – KALMARI FARM

ANIMAL HOUSING POST-STORAGE DIGESTER TANK PRE-STORAGE TANK

CHP

MIX/PRE-TRT BIOGAS ROOM UPGRADING

2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ

Biomethane

• For heat and electricity production (CHP), optimizing production time • Upgrading biogas for biofuel for vehicles • Injecting to natural gas net • Fuel cells

Near future plan:

Purificaiton of landfill gas for traffic fuel Private cars, service vechicles, taxes

2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ

Electricity from pellets at 15 kWe

95% total efficiency Heating power 60 kW

Goal After testing prototype commercial product by local companies

2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Comb. air preheating & flue gas recirculation Stirling-engine 9-10 kWe

Pellet burner Vertical Furnace, fuel power 80 kW max

Economisers Extract about 60 kW) 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Hydrogen from solar and wind power

at 7 kWp power

PV-panels and wind turbine Hydrogen car 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Research Focus of Economic Renewable Energy Research

Current important changes taking place in the energy sector require new innovative business solutions for energy companies. These changes in energy sector, especially emission trading and energy taxation, have also significant impact on competitiveness of other business sectors. Our energy related research focuses on: . New business models based on renewable energy sources, and . Competitiveness impacts of the changing energy sector.

2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Viitasaari ABC service station, 97% renewables

Monthly Heat Production 2005-2006 3,0 30

2,5 25

2,0 20 Flat Plate collectors 32 kWp, TiNOx coating Tilt angle 35° 1,5 15 Net area 38 m2 Facing South

1,0 10 Heat Pump [MWh/kk] 0,5 5 Solar Collectors [MWh/kk]

0,0 0

1/05 2/05 3/05 4/05 5/05 6/05 7/05 8/05 9/05 1/06 2/06 3/06 4/06 10/05 11/05 12/05

Solar Collectors Lake Water Heat Pump Lake heat pump 290 kWh , 7,5 km pipe in the lake 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Electricity Production— Viitasaari ABC Service Station

Monthly Electricity Production 2005 -2006 700

600 92 m2 amorphous silicon 500 Tilt angle 5°, facing south Peak power 4,2 kWp 400 [kWh/kk]

300

200 Electricity 100

0

1/05 2/05 3/05 4/05 5/05 6/05 7/05 8/05 9/05 1/06 2/06 3/06 4/06 10/05 11/05 12/05

Major part, 99.5% ofP Ve slyesctetmricWitiynd p Turrbcinhe ased as ’green’ 10 kW wind turbine on the top of the advertisement tower 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Future goals set to Energy Research at the University of Jyväskylä

. MW scale pilot biogas reactor . Ton scale local biodiesel demonstration . Testing and commercializing the µ−CHP system . Development of a next generation dye sensitized solar cell . Development of 10 kW solar and wind based hydrogen storage and fuel cell system, reliable models for extension to MW scale . Socio-Economic studies of implementation of renewables . Increased activity in exporting RE teaching in deloping countries . Increased co-operation with European and Asian players . Become a leading RE teaching and research unit in Finland

2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ

Contact info:

RE-program Professori Jouko Korppi-Tommola B.O.Box 35 FIN-40014 Univeristy of Jyväskylä Finalnd p. +358-14-2602553 [email protected] Coordinator M.Sc. Anni Mikkonen p. +358-14-2602673 f. +358-14-2602551 [email protected] www.UusiutuvaEnergia.jyu.fi

In picture Minister of Trade and Commerce Mauri Pekkarinen Hear of the RE-program professor Jouko Korppi-Tommola 2006