UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Regional Renewable Energy in Central Finland Jyväskylä Jouko Korppi-Tommola, University of Jyväskylä, 17.10.2006 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ THE REGION OF CENTRAL FINLAND • Inhabitants: 267 000 • 30 towns and townships • Forest 10 % (Finland 100 %) • Lake Side 68 m/per inhabitant 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ CENTRAL FINLAND LIVES FROM WOOD, METAL AND KNOW-HOW • Forest Based Cluster (UPM-Kymmene, Metsä-Botnia, Metsä-Serla,Wood Product Industries..) • The Metal Industry (Metso, Valtra ..) • Information Technology (Nokia, Tietoenator ..) • Public Services (municipalities, C-F hospital, ..) • Education and Know-how (JU, JPolytechnics ..) • Graphics Industry • Tourism 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ CENTRAL FINLAND 2005: POPULATION DISTRIBUTION AND EMPLOYEES IN Office Machinery & Computers & Information Tech & Printing 168 113 3632 234 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ ENERGY CONSUMING INDUSTRY IN CENTRAL FINLAND 2005: EMPLOYEES Pulp and paper, Metal industry wood 189 142 171 110 1955 137 821 550 125 251 227 2995 460 2546 711 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Energy consumption in Central Finland 2004 Oil 4,4 TWh Industry 10,9 TWh Wood 4,3 TWh Black liquor 2,3 TWh House heating Peat 2,2 TWh 4,6 TWh REF 0,2 TWh Hydro power 0,2 TWh Other consumption 1,2 TWh Other 0,7 TWh Transportation 2,6 TWh Electricity import 5,0 TWh TOTAL 19,3 TWh 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Energy Consumption in Central Finland 2004 From TOTAL consumption of 19 324 GWh Industry 57% – Local energy sources 51 % (9,9 TWh) Heating 24% Transportation 14% – Wood 22 % Other 6% – Black Liquor 12% – Oil 23 % Growth of consumption (GWh) – Peat 11 % 25000 – Hydro 1% – Imported electricity 19324 20000 17814 26 % 15244 15000 GWh 15,3 % 10000 growth 5000 in eleven 0 years! 1993 1998 2004 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Electricity consumption TOTAL 6 500 GWh - Local production 23 % (1 500 GWh) - Import 77 % (5 000 GWh) PJuublkliincen 5 % YPksriivtyainteen SPearlvviecleu Consumption 15 % 5 % by sector: FMaaramtainlogus 2 % JaInlodsutusstry 73 % 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Space heating 1998 2004 Maalämpö ElSeächtrkicöity Heat pumps Sähkö %1 Electricity %16 %1 ÖOljiyl %15 OÖiljy %24 %30 PTeuarvt e %1 PTeuartve %1 KaDuisktorliäcmt hpeöating %34 WoPoudu DKaisutrkiocltä hmepaöting Wood %17 Puu %42 %19 Towards renewable energy! - Reduction in oil consumption - Increase in district heating - Emergence of environmental heat (soil, lakes, air) 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ University of Jyväskylä - International Science University • 2nd largest in Finland in terms of number of M.Sc. degrees granted • Eight Centers of Excellence (two shared) • Seven faculties (Natural Science, Social Sciences, Economics,…) & nine institutes • 2500 employers,16 000 students • Founded in 1934 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Renewable Energy Teaching and Research – Program Faculties: Mathematics and Science School of Economics Social Sciences Funding: 2003 - 2006 EU regional funds, www.UusiutuvaEnergia.jyu.fi cross regional From 2007 on JU 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Partners of Renewable Energy Program Educational and Research organizations Companies -VTT Energy, Jyväskylä* -Helsinki University of Technology -VAPO Oy* -Technical University of Tampere -Jyväskylä Energy Oy* -University of Vaasa -Jyväskylän Science Park OY* -Jyväskylä Polytechnic; -Moventas Oy Institute for natural resources -HT-Enerco Oy* -Vasa Yrkeshögskola (Polytechnic) -Keuruun energiatekniikka Oy* -Seinäjoki Polytechnic -Keskimaa Osk* -Viitasaaren Lämpö OY* -Merinova Oy, Vaasa* Cities and townships -Tulikivi Oy -Ala-Talkkari Oy Jyväskylä*, Seinäjoki -Genano Oy Jkl:n maalaiskunta*, Keuruu* Äänekoski*, Konnevesi*, Hankasalmi* * supporting financially Viitasaari*, Saarijärvi*, 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Energy Research in JU • Long history, related to local core industry: energy efficiency in forest industry, peat processing, black liquor recovery, biogas research • Co-operation with local actors e.g. Metso Oyj, Vapo Oy, VTT (Energy, Jyväskylä), Jyväskylä Science Park Oy • Renewable Energy (RE) Study and Research program launched in Jan 2003 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ RE Program - Profile & Vision • Focus on renewable energy areas that have received little attention in Finland and on promotion of use of renewables on regional and national level • Multidisciplinary approach combining technical, economical, environmental and social aspects, unique in Finland • Focus on globally growing energy sectors – biomass, biogas, µ−CHP, pellets, biodiesel – solar energy, electricity, heat – wind energy – environment heat, heat pumps – integrated systems, hydrogen – evaluation of the energy chains, LCAs 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Co-operation and important relations • VTT (Energy, Jyväskylä): Bioenergy Research center shared research director, combustion of biomass • Jyväskylä Science Park, regional utilization and commercialization of renewable energy • Companies, PVO Oy (CO2-recovery), VAPO Oy (field drying of biomass), HT-Enerco Oy (µ-CHP), Jyväskylä Energy Oy (hydrogen production and storage), Keskimaa Osk (renewables in real estate investments) • Advisor to preparatory committees of the Finnish Parliament and ministry of Trade and Commerce on renewables 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Renewable Energy Program • Staff: 5 professors, 2 research directors, 4 researchers, coordinator, laboratory engineer • 59 M.Sc. students: master thesis topics from industries & companies, regional development organization • 10 PhD students, including 2 (out of 5) of Graduate School of Energy Technology (funded by Academy of Finland) 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ M.Sc. Training in Renewable Energy Program 1. Technology (Phys, Chem, Math.-Statistics sudents) ‘Physics, chemistry and simulation of RE energy technology’ 10-25 students/y, 25 students 2. Environment (Biology and environmental study students) Total 59 students ‘Environmental impacts of energy production’ 5-15 students/y, 21 students 3. Socio-economy (social sciences and economy students) ‘Energy economy and -policy’ 3-5 students/y, 13 students 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Teaching courses in the RE program FYSS390 Technical fluid mechanics and thermo dynamics (8 op) KEMS848 Advanced laboratory practicals in renewable energy (8-12 op) KEMS806 Wind energy technology (4 op) KEMS808 Fuel cell technology (4 op) YMPA217 Energy and environment, book exam (4 op) YMPS341 Measurement techniques in air protection (4 op) YMPS450 Biogas technology (2 op) CEMS230 Managing a green organisation (5 op) CEMS250 Corporative environmental strategy and marketing (5 op) total study credits = 44 op 2006 Dr.Kolhe lecturing RE students UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Research areas -Biogas production and upgrading technology Prof. Jukka Rintala -Biomass combustion Research Director Martti Aho -Hydrogen technology Research Director Mohanlal Kohle -Solar energy Prof. Jouko Korppi-Tommola Dr. Jussi Maunuksela -Sosio-economic studies Prof. Hanna-Leena Pesonen Prof. Marja Järvelä 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Topics in Renewable Energy Research • Bioenergy: • Social - Small scale combustion • Environmental issues - Particle emissions - Disposal of by-products - Biomethane and biohydrogen - Emission control • Solar energy - Sustainability of biomass production - DSSC, silicon PV - GHG impacts - Heat collectros Other related projects on campus • Integrated systems • Black liquor combustion - ABC service station • Nuclear safety - Solar and wind based H2 • Communication production, storage and use • Economics 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Solar energy Third generation Solar Cells -1.6 ) 2 -1.4 (mA/cm -1.2 -1.0 Illumination 1:6 sun 2 -0.8 Cell area 2 x 0.785 cm Power 542 µW/cm2 -0.6 FF 54 % -0.4 Efficiency 3.2 % Photocurrent -0.2 0.0 Jani Kallioinen 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 Voltage (V) Co-operation with Nokia 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Saarijärvi school hi-tech PV-system 6 kWp New commercial solution HIT (Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin layer) Manufacturer gives 16,5% efficiency 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Saarijärvi school, Sanyo HIT panel, 6 kWp, Oct – Nov 2005 Paneelihyötysuhde High efficiency > 17% 0,3 0,25 0,2 y c n 0,15 e i c Hyötysuhde fi f 0,1 E 0,05 0 8.10. 12.10. 16.10. 20.10. 24.10. 28.10. 1.11. 5.11. 9.11. 13.11. PDateäivämäärä Paneelihyötysuhde 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Research on solar collector efficiency at Northern latitudes Research laboratory in Vaajakoski 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Flat plate and vacuum heat production May 2005 Flat Plate Vacuum collector Vacuum Tube tubes from China collector assembled s in Finland y a d f o Aim: r e Promotion of use of b m solar heat collectors u N in Finland Daily heat production in May 2005, (kWh/m2) 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Modelling heat transfer processes for field biomass dryer Outdoor Temperature [K] co-op with VAPO Oy 300 295 290 285 280 275 270 265 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 Solar Radiation [W/m2] 1200 1000 800 600 400 Numerical, transient 2-dim. 200 0 heat transfer model 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Biogas research Energy crops • Specially grown for energy production • Important characteristics: – high annual yields per hectare – easy to cultivate, harvest and store 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ CONCEPT OF FARM-SCALE BIOGAS PLANT – KALMARI FARM ANIMAL HOUSING POST-STORAGE DIGESTER TANK PRE-STORAGE TANK CHP MIX/PRE-TRT BIOGAS ROOM UPGRADING 2006 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Biomethane • For heat and electricity production (CHP), optimizing production time • Upgrading biogas for biofuel for vehicles • Injecting to natural gas net • Fuel cells Near future