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GIPE-002625-Contents.Pdf (1.026Mb) ~ - lHE STORY "OF" THE NATIONS " • • EDITION· .~ " " QI:be ~tor1! of tbe lSations, u THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE. THE STORY OF THE NATIONS I. ~MB. By "ARTHUI( GII.MAN, "9. THE NORMANS. By SARAH M.A.. , ORNE JEWETT. 2. 'l'HE .mwS. By 1'1oof. J. K. 30. THE BTZANTINB ElIIlPIRE. HOSMER. • By C. W. C. OMAN. 3. GERMANY. EyRev. S. BARING­ 31. SIOILY: PbCBniclan, Gre"k and ~U\.D, M.A. Roman. By tbe late Prof. E. 4- CARTHAGE. By Prof. ALPRIID A. FRREMAN. J. CHURCH. 32. 'l'HB 'l'USCAN REPUBLICS. 5. ALEXANDER'S 1lII/IPIRE. By By BELLA DUFFY. Prof. J. P. MAHAPFY. 33. POLAND. By W. R. MORFILL, 6. THE MOORS IN .PAIN. By M.A. STANLEY LANE-POOLE. 34. PARTHIA. By Prof. GEORGE 7. ANOIEN'l' EGYPT. By Prof. RAWLINSON. GBORGR RAWL1NSOH. 35. AUSTRALIAN COMMON- 8. HUNGARY. By Prof. ARMINIUS WEALTH. By GREVILLB VAMBERY. TREGARTHEN. 9- 'l'HE SARACENS. By ARTHUR 36. SPAIN. By H. E. WATTS. GILMAN. M.A. 31. JAPAN. By DAVID MURRAY, 10. IRELAND. By ~e Hon. EMILY Ph.D. LAWLEss. 38. BOU'l'jI AFRICA. By GEORGB n. CHALDEA. By ZtNAiDE A. M. THEAL. RA80ZIN. 39. VENIOE. By ALETHEA W,EL. 12. ~E GOTHS. By HENRY BRAD. 40. 'l'HB ORUSADES. By T. A. LEy..... • 'r ARCHER and C. L. KINGSFORD. '3' ASSYRIA. !y .ZtNAiDE A. .- VEDIC INDIA. By Z. A. RA- RAGOZIN. • CiOZIN. '4. 'lURKEY. By STANLEY LANE­ 42. WESTINDIESa.ndtboSPANISH POOLE. MAIN. By JAMES RODWAY. '5. EOLLAND. By Prot J. E. 43. BOHBMIA. By C. EDMUND THOR01.D ROGERS. MAURICB• .•6. lIrIEDIlEVAL FRANCE. By 44. THBBALUNB. ByW.MILLER, GUSTAV& MASSON. M.A. '7. PERSIA. By S. G. W. BEN. 45. CANADA. By Sir J. G. BOURI· JAMIN. NOT,LL.D. 18. PHCENWIA. By Prof. GEO. 46. BRITISH INDU=- Ry R. W. RAWLlNSON. t- FRAZER, LL. B. 19- MEDIA. By ZtNAIDE A. RA· 47. MODERN FRANCE. By ANDRII­ GOZIN. LE BON. 20. 'l'HB HUSA TOWNS. By 48. THE FBANXS. By LEWIS SEa- HilLEN ZIPtlMBRN. CiHANT. 21. EARLY ElU'PAIN. By Prof. 49- AUSTRIA. By SIDNEY WHIT_ ALFRED}. CHURCH. MAN ... THB BARBARY CORSAIRS. 50. MODER. ENGLAND. Before By STANLEY LAn· POOLE. the Reform Bill By JUSTIN 2J. RUSSm. ByW. MORPILL, M.A. MCC..... THV. 24. THB JEWS UNDER 'l'HE 51. CHINA. By Prof. R. K. DOl/GLAS­ ROMANS. By W. D. MORNI' s.. MODERN ENGLAND. From the SON. Reform Bill to the Present '5. SCOTLAND. By 10HN MACKIN. Time. By JUSTIN MCCARTHY. TOSH, LL.D. 53. MODERN SPAIN. By MARTIN 26. SWITZERLAND. By Mrs. LINA A. S. HUME. HUG and R. STEAD. 54' MODERN ITALY. By P,ETRO 27. MEXICO. By SUSAN HALE. ORSI. 28. PORTUGAL. By H. MORSE 55- NORWAY. By H. H. BOVESEN. STEPHENS.. 56. WALES. By O. M. EDWARDS. LoNOON: T. FISHER UNWIN, PATERNOSTER SQUARE, E.C. INTERIOR OF ST. SOPHIA. THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE B\" c. W. C. OMAN, M.A., F.S.A. It FEI.LOW OP ALL SOULS COLl.EGB, OXtOND Au/liD". of .. WARWICK. THR KINGMAKBR." II THIl ART OF WAR IN THB MIDIlLB AGas," RTt. THIRD EDITION LONDON T. F ISH E RUN WIN PATERNOSTER SQUARF., F..C. Entered at Stationers' Hall ~Y T. FISHER UNWIN PREl'ACE. • FIFTY years ago the word "Byzantine" was used as a synonym for all that was corrupt and decadent, and the tale of the East-Roman Em~re was dis- missed- by modern historians as. depressing.. and monotonous. The great Gibbon had branded the successors of Justinian and Heraclius as a series of vicious weaklings, and for several generations no one dared to contradict him. Two books have served to undeceive thetEnglish reader, the monumental work of Fin!ay, pwblished in 1856, and the more modern volumes of-Mr. Bury, which appeared in .1889. Since they have written, the Byzantines no longer need an apologist and the great work of the East-Roman Empire in holding back the Saracen, and in keeping a.Iive throughout the Dark Ages the lamp of learning, is beginning to be realized. 1he writer of this book has endeavoured to tell t the story of Byzantium in the spirit of Finlay and Bury, not in that of Gibbon. He wishes to acknow- '. ledge his debts both to the veteran of the war of viii . PREFACE. Greek Independence, and to the young' Dublin pro­ fessor 'Without their aid his task would have been very heavy-with it the difficulty was removed. The author does not claim to have grappled with all the chroniclers of the Eastern realm, but thinks that some acquaintance with Ammianus, Procopius, Maurice's "Strategikon," Leo the Deacon, Leo the Wise, Cpnstantine Porphyrogenitus, Anna Comnena • and Nicetas, may justify his having undertaken the • t.ask he has essayed. & ~OXFORD, F,bruary, 1892. CONTENTS. I. PAU BYZANTIUM 'l-12 Foundation of Byzantium, 3-Ear1y history of th~.city, 5~ Byzantine luxury, 7-Byzantium destroyed A .... 196, e- Taken by Maximinus, n. '. " - II. THE FOUNDATION OF CONSTANTINOPLE (A.D. 3'2.8- 33 0 ) -l-, ..... 13-30 Constantine the Great, J5-Constantine's Choice, 17!-The Topography of Constantinople, 19-The Se~ate House, 21-· The Hippodrome, 25-St. Sophia, 27-Conatantine~ Dedica· tion Festival, 29. ,< , Ill. ;'tHE FIGHT .WITH THE GOl:HS 31-44 The Goths and the Huns, 3s-Valens and the Goths, 37-0ut. break of War, 39-Battle of Adrianople, 41. IV. THE DEPARTURE OF THE GERMANS 45-53 Stilicho, 47-Alaric the Goth, 49-Gainas slain, 5 I-Exile of Chrysostom, 53. x CONTENTS. V. PAGE THE REORGANIZATION OF THE EASTERN (A. D. 40S-5 IS) Youth of Theodosius II., SS-Exile of Eudocia, S7-Reign of Marcianus, S9-Zeno reorganizes the Army, 61-Rebellioo of Theodoric and his departure for Italy, 63. VI. ... ~ '. '; JUSTINIAN 65-S0 Theodora,6l-1ustiniao'E personal character, 69-Justinian's _ Army, 71-Justinian's foreign policy, 7J-The Blues and Greens, 7S-The Nika Riot, 77-Theodora's speech, 79. • VII• JUSTINIAN'S FOREIGN CONQUESTS SI-97 Weakness of the Goth~ in Italy, 83-Conqul"st of Africa, 8S­ Theodahat's augury, 87-The -C;oths besiege Rome, 89- Belisarius takes Ra\-enna, 91-Baduila reconquers Italy, 93- Deat~ of King Baduila, 9S-Justinian's Spanish conquests, 97 • • VIII . • THE END OF JUSTINIAN'S REIGN Fall of Antioch, 99-The Great Plague, 101-Justinian as theologian, I03-Belisarius dereats the Huns, lOS-Building of St. Sophia, I07-Procopius on St. Sophia, I09-Justinian's Forts, III-His legislation, 113. IX. THE COMING OF THE SLAVS The Lombards, liS-Lombard conquests in Italy, 117-Rise , of the Papacy, I19-Persian Wars, 121-The Slavs, I2J­ .. Their invasion of Moesia, 12s-Fall of Maurice, 127. CONTENTS. xi X. PAGE THE DARKEST HOUR Misfortunes of Phocas, 129-Accession of Heraclius, 131;:,­ The Letter of Chosroes, 133-Victories of lIeraclius, 135- First Siege of Constantinople, I 37-Triumph of Heraclius, 139. " .. XI. \- J SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS LIFE (A.D. 3~o-620) 141- 1 57 Decay of the Latin tongue, 143-Christianilr a~t the State, 14S-Christianity and Slavery, 147-Evils of Monasticism, 149-Superstitions, lSI-Weaknesses of Byzantine Society, IS3-Estimate of Byzantine Society, ISS-57. • XII. THE COMING OF THE SARACENS• Rise of Mahomet, IS9-Arab Invasion of Syria, 161-Jerusa­ lem taken, 163-The Sons of Heraclius, Ills-The T~emes created, 167-Wars of Constans II., 169-jReign of Con­ stantine IV., 171. • XIII._ THE FIRST ANARCHY Justinian II., 176-Usurpation and Fall of Leontius, 177- Restoration of Justinian II., I 79-Anarchy, 711-17 A.D., 181- Accession of Leo the Isaurian, 183· XIV. THE SARACENS TURNED BACK Constantinople beleaguered, 18s-The Siege raised, 187. xii CONTENTS. xv. PAGK THE IcONOCLASTS (A.D. 720-802) 189-201 Siperstitious Van ties, J91-Leo's Crusade agninst Images, 193-Constantine V. dissolves the Monasteries, ... 197-Irene blinds her son, 199-Coronation of Charles the Great, 201. THE END OF THE IcONOCLASTS (A.D. 802-886) 202-21 4 Reign of Ni~phorus I., 203-Reign of Leo V., 205-Michael the Amorian, 207-Persecution by Theophilus, 209-The choice of Theophilus, 21J-Michael the Drunkard, 213. ~ . • XVp. THE LITERARY EMPtRORS AND THEIR TIME (A.D. 886-963) '. 1 215-225 Reigns of Leo VI. and Constantine VII., 217-Leo's Tactica, 219-Art and Letters, 221-The Commerce of Constantinople, 225· • • • XVIII• MILITARY GLORY 226-239 Decay of the Saracen power, 227-Conquests of Nicephorus Phocas, 229-Capture of Antioch, 231-Murder of Nicephorus I., 233-John Zimisces defeats the Russians, 235-Triumph of Zimisces, 237-Death of ZilPisces, 239. XIX. THE END OF THE MACEDON IAN DYNASTY The Bulgarian Wars, 241-Death of King Samuel, 243-The Empress Zoe and her Marriages, 245-7. CONTENTS. xiii x.x. PAGE MANZIKERT (A.D. 105~1081) 249-257 The coming of the Seljouks, 2SI-Misfortune& of Romanus Diogenes, 2SS~ter of Alexius Comnenus, 257. • ." XXI. THE COIlNENI AND THE CRWADES Norman'Var, 2S9--Baule I. of Durazzo, 261-The Crusades, 26J-Conquests of Alexius, 26s..,..Second Norman War, 267- Reign of John Comnenus 269--Wars of Manuel I., 271-Fa\I of Andronicus I., 273. • XXII. THE L4.TIN CONQUEST OF CONSTANTINOPLE.. 274-293 Misfortunes of the Angeli, 27S-Cyprus and Bulgaria lost, .. 277-The Fourth Crusade, 279--TbeJ..e:ftiers of the Crusade, 28I-Rising against the Franks, 28s"';The two Sieges of Con. stantinople, 287-The Franks enter Constantinople, 289- Plunder of the City, 291-The End of Alexius Ducas, 293 • • 1 XXIII. • ~ • THE LATIN EMPIRE AND THE EMPIRE OF N\,CAEA (A.D. 1204-1261) 294-306 Baldwin I.
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