249ISSN 0041-6436 An international journal of forestry and forest industries Vol. 68 2017/1 SUSTAINABLE WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 249ISSN 0041-6436 An international journal of forestry and forest industries Vol. 68 2017/1 Editor: A. Sarre Editorial Advisory Board: S. Braatz, I. Buttoud, P. Csoka, L. Flejzor, T. Hofer, Contents F. Kafeero, W. Kollert, S. Lapstun, D. Mollicone, D. Reeb, S. Rose, J. Tissari, Editorial 2 P. van Lierop Emeritus Advisers: J. Ball, I.J. Bourke, R. Cooney, C. Freese, H. Dublin, D. Roe, D. Mallon, M. Knight, C. Palmberg-Lerche, L. Russo R. Emslie, M. Pani, V. Booth, S. Mahoney and C. Buyanaa Regional Advisers: F. Bojang, P. Durst, The baby and the bathwater: trophy hunting, conservation A.A. Hamid, J. Meza and rural livelihoods 3 Unasylva is published in English, French J. Stahl and T. De Meulenaer and Spanish. Subscriptions can be obtained CITES and the international trade in wildlife 17 by sending an e-mail to [email protected]. Subscription requests from institutions Y. Vizina and D. Kobei (e.g. libraries, companies, organizations, Indigenous peoples and sustainable wildlife management universities) rather than individuals are in the global era 27 preferred in order to make the journal accessible to more readers. D. Roe, R. Cooney, H. Dublin, D. Challender, D. Biggs, D. Skinner, All issues of Unasylva are available online M. Abensperg-Traun, N. Ahlers, R. Melisch and M. Murphree free of charge at www.fao.org/forestry/ First line of defence: engaging communities in tackling unasylva. Comments and queries are welcome: wildlife crime 33 [email protected]. FAO encourages the use, reproduction and J.-C. Nguinguiri, R. Czudek, C. Julve Larrubia, L. Ilama, dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, S. Le Bel, E.J. Angoran, J.F. Trebuchon and D. Cornelis material may be copied, downloaded and Managing human–wildlife conflicts in central and printed for private study, research and teaching southern Africa 39 purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate N. Yakusheva acknowledgement of FAO as the source and Wildlife conservation policy and practice in Central Asia 45 copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or N. van Vliet, F. Sandrin, L. Vanegas, L. L’haridon, J.E. Fa services is not implied in any way. and R. Nasi The designations employed and the High-tech participatory monitoring in aid of adaptive presentation of material in this information hunting management in the Amazon 53 product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and M. Silalahi, A.B. Utomo, T.A. Walsh, A. Ayat, Andriansyah Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and S. Bashir (FAO) concerning the legal or development Indonesia’s ecosystem restoration concessions 63 status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation M. Rautiainen, J. Miettinen, A. Putaala, M. Rantala of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of and M. Alhainen specific companies or products of manufacturers, Grouse-friendly forest management in Finland 71 whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or FAO Forestry 78 recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. World of Forestry 80 The FAO publications reviewed in Unasylva are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/ Books 81 publications) and can be purchased through [email protected]. Cover: An African elephant is silhouetted against the setting sun © Marsel van Oosten EDITORIAL ildlife management is the focus of considerable greater cooperation among indigenous peoples and supporters international debate because of its importance for at the global scale. biodiversity conservation, human safety, livelihoods Roe and co-authors report on a recent symposium on wildlife Wand food security. The Collaborative Partnership on Sustainable management, which concluded that enforcement alone is insuf- Wildlife Management (CPW) – comprising a range of interna- ficient to combat the illegal wildlife trade; if done poorly, it tional organizations, including FAO – was established in 2013 can even have major negative consequences. A better approach, to increase cooperation and coordination among its members according to symposium participants, is community engage- and other interested parties in the sustainable management of ment based on listening, trust-building, respect for traditional terrestrial vertebrate wildlife. Still in the early stages of develop- authority, the development of shared, co-created approaches, ment, the CPW has plenty to work on. and, crucially, recognition of the rights of communities to use One of the most controversial topics in sustainable wildlife and benefit from wildlife. management is trophy hunting, which is recreational hunting Following on from these general articles are regional and local that targets wild animals with specific desired characteristics, examples of efforts to promote sustainable wildlife management. such as large size or antlers. There are moves at various levels to Nguinguiri and co-authors describe recent efforts to better man- end or restrict the practice for ethical and conservation reasons, age human–wildlife conflicts in central and southern Africa, including through bans on the importation of hunting trophies. which have become more frequent in recent decades. Among other In the opening article of this edition, Cooney and co-authors, efforts, a regional partnership of organizations has developed a however, make the case for the positive role of trophy hunting in toolbox of approaches to enable communities to deter wildlife supporting conservation and local rights and livelihoods, illustrat- from damaging their crops and property and from posing risks ing it with six case studies in Africa, Asia and North America. to human lives. They conclude that, although the governance of trophy hunting Yakusheva describes an initiative in Central Asia – one of the needs reform in many countries, bans and import restrictions world’s few remaining regions in which large-scale migrations of would undermine successful conservation and community- large mammals still occur – under the auspices of the Convention driven development programmes that are funded largely by on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals to trophy hunting. improve regional cooperation on wildlife conservation. Van The article by Stahl and De Meulenaer reviews the role of the Vliet and her co-authors show how indigenous hunters in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Amazon are using smartphone technology to monitor and regu- Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in regulating the international late their hunting. Silalahi and co-authors provide an overview wildlife trade and encouraging sustainable wildlife manage- of an emerging form of forest licence in Indonesia that offers ment. The international wildlife trade is worth many billions companies – including those formed by civil-society organiza- of dollars annually and involves thousands of species. About tions – opportunities to restore and manage logged-over forest 3 percent of the species regulated by CITES are under threat for biodiversity conservation and to generate local economic and of extinction, and CITES generally prohibits their trade. The social benefits. Finally, Rautiainen and his co-authors provide an remaining 97 percent are not threatened but could become so example of best practice in Finland, where forest management if the trade was unregulated. The authors explain how CITES is being adapted to accommodate the habitat requirements of works and present case studies in which CITES regulation has grouse species, populations of which had previously declined helped promote sustainable wildlife management. Nevertheless, but are now on the rebound. the illegal trade of terrestrial vertebrate wildlife, estimated to Local people have been managing wildlife for millennia, includ- be worth up to US$10 billion per year, can undermine such ing through hunting. Sufficient examples are presented in this efforts; there is a continued need, say the authors, to improve edition to show that sustainable wildlife management is also the governance of wildlife management and trade. feasible in the modern era. In some cases, a sustainable offtake – The role of indigenous peoples has often been sidelined in by local people, trophy hunters and legitimate wildlife traders – is international debates on wildlife conservation. The article by proving vital to obtain local buy-in to wildlife management and Vizina and Kobei shows that this is changing, with indigenous to pay the costs of maintaining habitats. No doubt the debate voices becoming more audible in forums such as the Convention will continue on the best ways to manage wildlife; this edition on Biological Diversity and CITES and through the CPW. of Unasylva is a contribution to that. u Indigenous peoples have acquired a wealth of knowledge over many generations, which they have used to sustainably manage and conserve their lands. Revitalizing this traditional knowl- edge, say the authors, is an important pathway for long-term wildlife conservation, and one way to do it is to encourage 3 © JOACHIM HUBER 2.0 (HTTP://CREATIVECOMMONS.ORG/LICENSES/BY-SA/2.0)], BY-SA [CC VIA WIKIMEDIA COMMONS The baby and the bathwater: trophy hunting, conservation and rural livelihoods R. Cooney, C. Freese,