A Study of Key Project Features of the Under- Construction Pune Metro Dr. Nagarjuna Pilaka Associate Professor National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune
Abstract Pune is a large metropolitan city in India which has a high level of population and the traffic and transportation problems are rising over the past several years. As the existing transportation modes – buses and trains – are already saturated, there is a need for developing Mass Rapid Transit Systems (MRTS). Recognizing this, the Pune Metro Rail Project (PMRP) popularly known as “Maha Metro” was planned to be developed as a Public- Private Partnership (PPP) model a decade ago. The Pune Metro Rail Corporation Limited (PMRCL) project suffered from several challenges and yet it is on the verge of completion in terms of execution on the ground. This paper discusses the salient technical features of the PMRP which is believed to address future traffic and transportation problems of the Pune city. The technical analysis covers the details of metro rail route alignment, horizontal, vertical and technology involved in construction of underground route, design of the project finance structures, construction costs, metro route alignment etc. These features make the PMRCL as perhaps one of the well designed and developed project that is being executed with perfection.
Keywords: Mass Transportation; PRTS; Pune Metro Rail; Maha Metro and Key Project features 1. Introduction Pune is popularly known as the „Queen of Deccan‟ due to its rich natural beauty and resources. Pune is the second largest city of the Maharashtra after Mumbai. It is the ninth most populated city in the India with a population of 6.772 million in 2018. The city is also considered as the cultural capital of the Maharashtra because of its religious and historical places situated at various part of the town. Pune city is well known as the „Oxford of the East‟ due to its educational, research and development institutions. It has become a major educational hub in recent decades. There has been tremendous pressure on the public transportation system since ever the pace of industrial and residential development accelerated almost a decade ago. The major and minor Roads in the city which cater to various kinds of vehicles handle huge peak hour traffic which amounts to roughly 10,000 peak hour peak direction traffic (PHPDT). The total number of registered vehicles is about 40 lakh as per the Pune Regional Transport Office . Compared with 2017, the number of four-wheelers registered increased from 5.89 lakh to 6.45 lakh in 2018 and the number of registered two-wheelers shot up from 24.97 lakh to 27.03 lakh now. Being a densely populated area, ever growing traffic needs cannot be met by road-based transport system. Pune Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Ltd. (PMPML), the public transport provider has failed to meet the daily transportation needs of these twin cities. and additional flyovers. Though the first BRT
171 | P a g e
service of India was started in Pune in year 2006, it has failed reportedly on operational front. In order to control such high density of traffic, increased air pollution and rise in number of road accidents there was emergent need to develop alternate mode of transport in Pune. For the planning and construction of Metro project the Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) approached Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) for preparing Detailed Project Report (DPR) , the the first draft was submitted the PMC in August 2008.and the final in 2010.
The Metro project recommended for the city has three phases. The initial project phase consisting of two lines with a combined length of 31.25 km was approved by the State in June 2012. However, it received the final approval from the Central Government in December 2016, almost 4.5 years later. The Maha-Metro is implementing the two lines, viz. the partly elevated and partly underground Line 1 from PCMC building to Swargate and Line 2 which is completely elevated from Vanaz to Ramwadi.It is expected to complete the project in 2021. The cost of Line 1 and Line 2 is expected to be Rs. 11,420 crore.
Days after the foundation stone for the Maha-Metro lines was laid, PMRDA, another agency of Pune Metro Politan Region approved Line 3 from Hinjewadi to Shivajinagar in December 2016. The project will be implemented by PMRDA on a PPP basis. It was approved by the State in January 2018 and by the Centre in March 2018. The cost of Line 3 is expected to be Rs 8,313 crore.
Figure 1: PMC & PCMC Metropolitan Area- Land Use Map
172 | P a g e
2. Objectives of the study i.To identify and assess the different characteristics of an elevated metro construction work zone in the study area. ii.To identify and assess the different characteristics of an underground metro construction work zone in the study area. 3. Scope of the Study This study deals with the identification and analysis of the key project factors involved in the construction of Pune Metro comprising three Lines-Line 1, Line 2 and Line 3 passing through three broad geographical areas. The route of metro line-1 is from PCMC building to Swargate which is 16.59 km, metro line - 2 is form Vanaz to Ramwadi which is 14.66 km and metro line - 3 connects Hinjawadi area in Pune outskirts with Civil Court area which is 23.33 km.long route. All these lines are technically compared on various physical factors ( parameters ) mentioned in subsequent article. 4. Methodology It involves identification of Metro Lines on the alignments, Stations in Pune Geographical map and collection of data on various physical route characteristics such as elevated and underground forms. Estimated cost figures based on length and type of alignment, mode of contract, project time lines are obtained through secondary information sources. Analysis carried out by means of descriptive statistics to find out the variable technical factors across three under construction metro lines. It may also be noted that sources for data presentation is mostly primary sources of information analysis. 5. Data Analysis 5.1. Study Parameters The following parameters were precisely studied for the analysis of the Pune Metro Project. P1 - Length of the route P2 - Route P3 - Number of stations underground P4 - Number of stations elevated P5 - Timeline - date of start P6 - Timeline - expected end date P7 - Project cost P8 - Type of contract P9 - Mode of Finance P10 - Technology P11 - Progress of work P12 - Passenger estimate Table 1 shows the holistic view of various routes and corresponding technical and general factors of the project. Please note that some factors are written in short, viz: Time Line-Tmln-for short.
173 | P a g e
Table No. 1: Key Parameters in the Study Sr No. Parameters L1 L2 L3 P1 Length (Km) 16.59 14.66 23.33 PCMC building to Swargate, Vanaz to P2 Route Hinjawadi to Civil court 11.5km - elevated, Ramwadi 5.09 km -underground P3 No. of Station UG 5 0 0 P4 No. of Station Elevtd 9 16 23 P5 Tmln Start Date Dec-16 Dec-16 Jan-19 P6 Tmln End date 2021 2021 2025 P7 Pr. Cost (Rs in cr) 6060 5462 8313 NCC, HCC- Al Fara'a NCC, HCC- Al Tata Realty - Siemen's P8 Cntrct (JV) Fara'a (JV) (JV) P9 Fin Table no.2 Table no.2 Table no.3 Elevated metro Tunnel-boring consists in two technology for the five- pasts, Elevated metro work km underground route 1) cast in situ with precast reinforced P10 Tech of the Pune Metro to piers and pile concrete girders and cast drill through the hard driving, 2) in situ piers ground under a river Precast bed reinforced concrete girders P11 Prgs Table no. 4 Table no. 5 Yet to Start P12 Psngr volume est. Table no. 6 Table no. 7 -
5.1.1. Parameter 1: Length of the Route.
Figure No. 2: Length of Route
174 | P a g e
The length of various lines is shown in Fig. 2. The length of line 1 is 16.59 km, the length of line 2 is 14.66 km and Line 3 is the largest line in term of length which is 23.33km. 5.1.2. Parameter 2: Route Alignment.
Figure No.3: Length of Elevated and Underground Line The Project has 3 lines(phases). Line 1 is from PCMC building to Swargate. It comprises 11.5km elevated track and 5.09km underground track. Line 2 is from Vanaz to Ramwadi which is completely elevated of length 14.66km. Line 3 is from Hinjewadi to Shivajinagar which is also completely elevated of length 23.33km. 5.1.3. Parameter 3 and Parameter 4: Number of Stations Underground and Elevated.
Figure No. 4: Number of Stations
The Fig No.4 shows number of stations on each line. On the line 1 there are total 14 stations among which 5 are underground and 9 are elevated. On line 2, 16 station are elevated and on line 3, 23 station are elevated.
175 | P a g e
5.1.4. Parameter 5 and Parameter 6: Timeline Start Date and Expected End Date.
Figure No. 5: Estimated Duration Line 1 and Line 2 construction was started in December 2016 and is expected to complete in year 2021. The expected time for completion is 60 months for both the lines. Line 3 construction was expected to start in June 2019 and estimated to be completed in year 2025, thereby the total expected completion time is 72 months. This analysis is presented in Fig. No.5 5.1.5. Parameter 7: Project Cost
Figure No.6: Project Cost Fig. 6 shows the project cost of the entire project with respect to each line. The total cost of line 1 and line 2 together is Rs. 11,522 crore and that of line 3 is Rs. 8313 crore.
176 | P a g e
5.1.6. Parameter 8: Type of Contract. The line 1 & 2 are implemented by the PuneMahaMetro through a 50:50 Joint Venture of the State and Central Government. Some part of line 1 and line 2 will be implemented by other major construction firms- NCC and a Joint Venture between HCC and some other company. Line 3 will be implemented by the Pune Metropolitan Region Development Authority (PMRDA) and the Joint Venture between Tata Realty and Siemens on a Public– Private Partnership basis. 5.1.7. Parameter 9: Mode of Finance Table No.2: Mode of Finance of Line 1 & Line 2 Line 1 & Line 2 Rs in Crore PMC (5%) 576.10
PCMC (5%) 576.10
State Government (20%) 2,304.40
Central Government (20%) 2,304.40
Loan (50%) 5,761.00
Total estimated Cost 11,522
Figure No. 7: Mode of Finance of Line 1 & Line 2 Table 2 and Fig. 7 show composition of the finance for development of line1 &2. The Maha Metro lines were estimated to cost ₹11,522 crore together. The PMC and PCMC will each bear 5% of the cost, while the state government and the central government will each bear 20% of the cost. The remaining 50% will be obtained through long term institutional loans.
177 | P a g e
Table No. 3 Mode of Finance of Line 3 Line 3 Rs. in Crore PPP basis (60%) 4,988 Central & State government (40%) 3,325 Total Estimated Cost 8,313
Figure No. 8: Mode of Finance of Line 3 Table 3 and Fig 8 show the mode of finance for line3 as it is put on PPP mode. The line is estimated to cost ₹8,313 crore and will be implemented by PMRDA on a PPP basis. The private partner will bring in 60% of the funds, 30% in equity and 70% in debt, while the rest 40% will be provided together by the Centre, State and PMRDA. 5.1.8. Parameter 10: Technology. The technology used for line 1 is Tunnel-Boring Machine (TBM) technology for the five-km underground route to drill through the hard ground under a very busy area and a river bed. However, in line 2 for elevated metro construction consists of two parts: a) cast in situ piers and pile driving, b) Precast reinforced concrete girders for line 2 and for the line 3 elevated metro work with precast reinforced concrete girders and cast in situ piers. 5.1.9. Parameter 11: Progress of Work. Table No. 4: Progress of Work of Line 1 Line I (PCMC - Range Hill) VIADUCT No. of PCC for Foundation Completed 282 No. of Foundations 282 No. of Piers 214 No. of Pier Caps 142 Total Segments Casted in Casting Yard 1590 Total Segments Erected on Site 900
178 | P a g e
Figure No. 9: Progress of Work of Line 1
Table No..4 and Fig no. 9 show the Progress of work for line1. On line 1, 282 foundations are completed , 214 piers have been casted with 142 pier caps. The total segments casted in casting yard is 1590 and the total segments erected on site are 900 as per data available in mid 2019.
Table No. 5: Progress of Work of Line 2
Line II (Vanaz - Civil Court) VIADUCT No. Of PCC For Foundation Completed 236 No. Of Foundations 230 No. Of Piers 176 No. Of Pier Caps 91 Total Segments Casted in Casting Yard 880 Total Segments Erected on Site 223
179 | P a g e
Figure No. 10: Progress of Work of Line 2 Table 5 and Fig. 10 show the Progress of work for line 2 in a similar manner. has been taken . On line 1, 230 foundations are completed for casting PCC segments. 176 piers have been casted with 91 pier caps. The total segment casted in casting yard is 880 and the total segments erected on site are 223. However the construction of line3 is yet to start. 5.1.10. Parameter12: Passenger Volume Estimate. Table No.6: Passenger Volume Estimate of Line 1
Line I (PCMC - Range Hill)
Year 2011 2018 2021 2031 Daily Ridership 480860 516855 532281 613442 Passengers km 2787096 4651692 4258248 4294094
180 | P a g e
Table No.7: Passenger Volume Estimate of Line Line II (Vanaz - Civil Court) Year 2011 2018 2021 2031 Daily Ridership 289813 421123 477399 592168 Passengers km 2787096 2105616 2386995 2960840
Figure No.11: Daily Ridership
Figure No.12: Passengers km
181 | P a g e
The Tables 6& 7 and Figs 11 & 12 depict the passenger estimate in terms of daily volume and average passenger- km. travelled for both line 1and 2 . The estimate is done for years 2011, 2018, 2021 and 2031. For each year daily ridership and passenger‟s km is estimated. As the project is delayed the estimates for 2011 and 2018 are void and corresponding growth rates applied for subsequent future years once the project becomes operational. At the same time traffic data on Line 3 is not available at the time of this study. 6. Conclusion The Pune Metro Project is executed in three phases - Line 1 (L1), Line2 (L2) and Line 3(L3) on three busy traffic corridors. The L3 is the longest upcoming line which has about 25 station all elevated. While the L2 too is all elevated the L1 is partly underground the tunneling work of which is going on for the past a few months. The Tunnel Boring Machines imported from China are boring underground route about 6kms.The L3 is the most expensive project costing roughly Rs.8500 cr. hence put on PPP mode due to shortage of public funds. Whereas the cost of LI and L2 together is Rs. 11,500 cr. which is financed jointly by Central, State and local Govts.
REFERENCES [1] S. Ahmed, S. Azhar, P. Kappagantula, and G. Dharam, Delays in Construction: A Brief Study of The Florida Construction Industry. ASC Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference Clemson University, 2003, pp. 257-- 266. [2] Ana I., Diégueza I., Sanchez C.A. and Alfalla-Luquea R. (2014). “Risk Management in Megaprojects”, 27th IPMA World Congress. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 119, 2014, pp: 407 – 416. [3] A. Raut, A. Tonpe, A. Kulkarni and S. Bhaiswar (2017). “Execution of Metro Rail Projects – A Case Study of Nagpur Metro Rail”, International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering Vol. 4, No, 3, Sept. 2017, pp: 32-35. [4] K., & Gunawan, I. (2010), “Analysis of Cost and Schedule Performance of International Development Projects” International Journal of Project Management, 28(1), 2010, 68-78. [5] L. POON and R. Lau, “Fire Risk in Metro Tunnels and Stations”, International Journal of Performability Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 3, July 2007, pp: 355 – 368.13. [6] M. Advani and G. Tiwari. (2015). “Evaluation of Public Transport Systems: Case Study of Delhi Metro”, START-2005 Conference Held at IIT Kharagpur, India, 2015. [7] M. Singha and D. Sarkar. (2017). “Project Risk Analysis for Elevated Metro Rail Projects using Fuzzy Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA)”, International Journal of Engineering Technology Science and Research, Vol. 4, No. 11, pp: 906 – 914. [8] Marekar M.S., Patil R. and Tank C. (2014). “Risk Assessment for Infrastructure Projects Case Study: Pune Metrorail Project”, International Journal of Engineering and Management Research, Vol. 4, No. 5, pp:152-155. [9] Metro Figure 2018-UITP ADVANCEING PUBLIC TRANSPORT 6. [10] N. Karthik R., “Problems Involved in Various Stages of Construction of Metro Rail in India And the Judicial View of The Problems” International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Vol. 9, Issue 4, April 2018, Pp. 1284–1289. [11] “Pune Metro – Detailed Project Report”, Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd., Nov-2015.
182 | P a g e
[12] R. Bhutania, S. Rama and K. Ravinder, "Impact of Metro Rail Construction Work Zone on Traffic Environment”, Transportation Research Procedia 17, 2016, Pp.586 – 595. [13] S. Iqbal, R. M. Choudhry, K. Holschemacher and A. Ali, “Risk management in construction projects”, Technological and Economic Development of Economy 2015, Volume 21(1), 29 Jan 2015, pp: 65 -78. [14] Vishwas H.S and Gidwani G.D., “Hazards Identification and Risk Assessment in Metro Railway Line Construction Project at Hyderabad”, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181. Vol. 6 Issue 08, August – 2017. [15] World Metro Statistics Brief-UITP Advancing Public Transport. [16] Y. K Mittal and V. K Paul, “Identification of Critical Factors for Delay in Metro Rail Projects in India”, International Journal of Students‟ Research in Technology & Management, Vol 6, No 1, 2018, pp 30-39. [17] "Central Government Approves Shivajinagar- Hinjewadi Metro Corridor on PPP Basis", Retrieve from:
183 | P a g e