Chapter VI Availability of Infrastructure/Amenities and Future Trend in Pune City Chapter VI Availability of Infrastructure/Amenities and Future Trend in Pune City 6.1 Introduction Urbanization is an indicator of transformation from traditional rural economics to modem industrial economy. It is progressive concentration of population in urban unit. Kingsley Davis has explained urbanization as process of switch from spread out pattem of human settlements to one of the concenfration in urban cenfres (Datta, Pranati, 2006). In human history, people used to live and worked mainly in mral areas. In 1900, just 14 percent of the world's population lived in cities. But during the twentieth century, rapid population growth and other demographic changes leads the number of people in cities grew quickly, estimated at over 70 million people increased in urban places annually. At this rate, more than half of the world's population will be living m cities by around 2021 (Meera Kosambi, 2008). At present, India is among the counfries of less degree of urbanization. Number of urban agglomeration / towns has grown from 1827 in 1901 to 5161 in 2001. Number of people residing in urban areas has increased from 2.58 corers in 1901 to 28.53 corers in 2001. Only 27.08 percent of population was living in urban areas as per 2001 census. It reflects a gradual increasing frend of urbanization. 6.2 Objectives i. To see the projection of Population in the fiiture and their required amenities. 121 6.3 Methodology The following formula has been used for estimating Population in different wards of Pune city. Formula: P„ = P + P - Po /10 * N i. Pn = Population Projection ii. P = Present Population iii. Po = Past Population iv. N = No. of year or Decades [2] Based on present population of each ward, firstly the future population has been estimated. Assuming that one hospital per 10,000 population (10,000 assumed as constant) and in future how many hospitals needed for that time population is estimated. The same method has been used for estimate the number of gardens (1000 assumed as constant) and educational institute viz. Primary and High-schools (50,000 as constant). In case of gardens it is assumed one garden is needed for 1000 people. As far as education facility one school for 50,000 young people. 6.4 Urban Growth The term 'Urban' refers to towns or cities having secondary and tertiary functions along with a municipality or notified area committee. It concerns with the geography of towns, their situations, patterns, layout, housing, hierarchical organization, population concentration and service areas (Harvey and Clark, 1971). Urbanization on the other hand, is a process of population and activities increase in urban areas. The understanding of the growth dynamics of urban settlements at different levels becomes the primary requirement for any explanation of this emerging 122 pattern. It provides the necessary background to know the processes of demographic, social and economic changes operating in spatio temporal context leading to an uneven pace of urban development in different part of the country (Weitz and Moore, 1998). Often, it is possible to find faster pace of growth of a few urban cenfres on the one end and stagnation or decline of other urban centres on the other end. There can not be a single definition of the concept of urban growth that can be applicable to all situations. Demographic approach of urbanization defines it as a process that makes the proportion of the total population concentrated in urban settlements or increases the proportion of urban population to total population over a period to time (Chopra, 2004). Present Pune Municipal Corporation Limit has been selected as the study area. The study area is included in Survey of India topographic sheet Nos. 47 F/10, 11, 14 and 15 on 1:50,000 scale. As per 2001 census, the population of Pune urban agglomeration is 3,529,900. Growth in the software and education sectors has led to an influx of skilled labour from different areas. The migrating population rose from 43,900 in 2001 to 88,200 in 2005. The sharp increase occurred in 2003 attributed to absorption of 23 fringe villages into Pune Municipal Corporation. In this chapter, the present situation of Pune will be studied using the following parameters: 6.5 Traffic and Transportation in Pune The functional structure of a city and its efficiency depends on the effectiveness of its transport system. Urban transport has become more important with increasing population and the haphazard sprawl of the city outward. In fact, the possibility of a conurbation or a megalopolis could not have been thought without a well established system of transport that has increased the mobility in city in time and 123 space. Transport may have solved many of the urban problems, arising out of the scarcity of space; it has certainly created many few difficulties. In an organised society, where everything has a schedule, the availability of adequate, prompt and reliable transport facilities is play a vital role. This, however, is not easy task. As experiences has shown crowding of the residential buildings is replaced during the day time by crowding on the roads. Pune, though a fast developing city relies solely on road transport for intra­ urban circulation. The road traffic in the city is handled by a fleet of buses operated by the Municipal Corporation. For the transport of goods a variety of means are used varying from the age-old hand carts and ox-drawn two wheeled vehicles to the modem trucks and delivery vans. These age-old means of goods transport have not been completely replaced by modem mass transport. The number of goods carriers, is not very relevant to the city, as they are used on a commercial basis for inter-city transport and do not only cater to the needs of the city but act as a circulatory system for fringe. Since these goods vehicles visit only a few areas like the railway stations, the wholesale trade area and the north-westem industrial area of the city, the residential areas are usually free from any msh of traffic caused by these heavy tmcks. Table 6.1: Percentage increase in the number of vehicles in Pune City Type of Vehicles 2000 2001 2002 Motorcycle 15.54 15.56 15.63 Scooters 4.78 3.76 4.53 Mopeds 5.64 5.56 3.92 Total 2-W 9.28 9.14 9.38 Cars 13.00 12.76 14.69 Jeeps 2.77 6.32 2.24 124 Type of Vehicles 2000 2001 2002 Station Wagons 0.11 0.21 0.00 Taxis 2.25 -0.95 6.93 3-seaters Auto rickshaws 4.95 4.69 5.88 6-seaters Auto rickshaws 31.72 5.22 4.05 Stage carriers 2.35 0.49 0.57 Contract Carriers 8.39 5.89 9.06 School Buses 0.00 0.00 0.00 Pvt. Ser. Vehicles -18.43 0.33 0.00 Ambulances 4.17 4.15 3.55 Trucks 2.65 2.50 2.36 Tankers 2.27 3.35 2.90 4-W Delivery vans 4.74 8.27 6.64 3-W Delivery vans 6.51 9.70 13.26 Tractors 10.03 11.02 5.15 Trailers 7.92 9.25 5.40 Others 1.70 2.25 2.13 Total 8.71 8.76 8.99 Source: ESR 2002 The increase in population and urban functions there corresponding increase in the volimie of traffic and the vehicles carrying them (PMT) also increased. About 2,000 to 3,000 fresh vehicles are on the road every year. 125 Figure 6.1: Percentage increase in the number of vehicles in Pune City 40 30 20 10 % , nun -10 I! The traffic and transportation systems in Pune city involves more than often a range of agencies including the Municipal Corporation, State Highways, Indian Railways, interstate bus operators, PMT, and private bus operators. Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) is well versed with the maintenance and development of the road network (excluding National and State Highways), traffic management, public transportation, management of truck operations, are the part and parcel of transportation. 6.6.1 Transport System in Pune City The road infrastructure has not expanded in same ratio with the increase in the number of vehicles in the city. In last four decades, the population of the city has increased four times whereas the vehicle population has increased 87 times and the road length has increased by five times only. The projections of population indicating that PMC would have a population of about 45 lakhs by 2021 and 57 lakhs by 2031, the road and transportation infi-astructure has to meet not only the existing demand but 126 also cater the demand that will be generated by the increasing population in future. The existing public transportation system falls short with widely spread catering to the rising demand of people. In the absence of reliable and extensive public transportation systems, the city dwellers are increasingly depend on personal vehicles to meet their mobility needs. Only 15 percent of the vehicle kilometres travelled in the city is accounted for by public transportation (CDP, 2006-2012). 6.6.2 Mode of Transport in City The mode of operation, the distribution of bus depots and stations refer to the spatial distribution of the transport system. There are only two depots of the Pune Municipal Transport Service (PMT) to serve effectively the entire area of the city. The Swargate depot, lying on the southern fringe of the old core is more important than the Naravira Tanaji wadi depot located in new developing area in the city.