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Viinikainen Taru No1taka Alexandra Simon-López Hypersurrealism: Surrealist Literary Hypertexts Publications of the University of Eastern Finland Dissertations in Education, Humanities, and Theology 5 University of Eastern Finland Joensuu 2010 Joensuun yliopistopaino Joensuu, 2010 Sarjan vastaava toimittaja: Jopi Nyman Myynti: Itä-Suomen yliopiston kirjasto ISSN (nid.) 1798-5625 ISSN-L 1798-5625 ISBN (nid.) 978-952-61-0108-8 Simon-López, Alexandra Hypersurrealism: Surrealist Literary Hypertexts Joensuu: Itä-Suomen yliopisto, 2010, 180 sivua Publications of the University of Eastern Finland. Dissertations in Education, Humanities, and Theology; 5 ISSN (nid.) 1798-5625 ISSN (PDF) 1798-5633 ISSN-L 1798-5625 ISBN (nid.) 978-952-61-0108-8 ISBN (PDF) 978-952-61-0109-5 Diss. Abstract: Hypersurrealism: Surrealist Literary Hypertexts This media-specific research concentrates on Surrealist literary hypertexts as a new wave of Surrealism in digital format. It does so by investigating a Surrealist paradigm in literary hypertexts and by unveiling the interconnectivity between the two seemingly different fields of academic research, Surrealism and hypertextuality. This paradigm is exemplified via a media-specific analysis of Matt Lechien’sUne histoire de science fiction from 2004, which can be considered the first prototype of a new wave of literary Surrealism in hypertextuali- ty. Hypersurrealism – Surrealist Literary Hypertexts includes a detailed review of the his- tory of literary/cultural theories in relation to the text/work dichotomy and the still existent supremacy of theories built around the text, author and reader without taking the medium of textual production into consideration. Consequently, it has been one of the most crucial goals of this work to bridge the gap in literary methodology and analysis by opening the door to research on materiality and its impact on form and content. Media-specific analysis proves itself worthy and effective as a method for analyzing literary hypertexts, but this re- search has shown that it is best used in combination with one of the discussed literary the- ories, for example poststructuralist, postmodernist, postcolonialist, and/or gay, lesbian and queer theories. The focus on intertextual aspects and cultural connectivity to deconstruct authoritarian systems of social justice and abuse can be regarded as another prime ob- jective during the analytical course of Une histoire de science fiction, which, subsequently, leads to a new critique of capitalism. The discovered parallelism between the movement of Surrealism and hypertextuality encompasses levels of historicity, textuality, ideology, cognition and non-linearity, and can be encapsulated as a pivotal theoretical finding of this research. A cultural literacy, inspired by the Hypersurrealist discourse on hybridity, can engage in culture as shared texts and therefore use its hybrid character to its advantage to overcome existing social injustices. Future implications and research directions cover not only cultural and textual hybridity, but the acknowledgement of Surrealist theory in litera- ry work, and the new dimensions and definitions of gender roles and outsider sexuality. Abstrakti: Hypersurrealismi – surrealistinen hypertekstikirjallisuus Käsillä oleva tutkimus tarkastelee surrealistista hypertekstikirjallisuutta surrealismin uu- tena, digitaalisena vaiheena. Tutkimus kohdistuu hypertekstikirjallisuuden surrealistiseen paradigmaan, ja se osoittaa yhteyksiä näiden kahden päällisin puolin erilaisen akateemi- sen tutkimuskohteen, surrealismin ja hypertekstuaalisuuden, välillä. Surrealistisen hyper- tekstikirjallisuuden luonnetta tutkimus valottaa ennen kaikkea Matt Lechienin digitaalista tekstiä Une histoire de science fiction (2004) koskevan mediaspesifisen analyysin avulla. Hypersurrealismi – surrealistinen hypertekstikirjallisuus selvittää laajasti kirjallisuus- ja kulttuuriteorian suhdetta perinteiseen teksti/teos-dikotomiaan sekä perinteisiin tekijää, tekstiä ja lukijaa koskeviin teorioihin, jotka eivät ota huomioon kirjallisuuden mediumiin liittyviä kysymyksiä. Kiinnittämällä huomiota kirjallisuuden materiaalisuuteen tämä tut- kimus pyrkii voittamaan tuon kirjallisuuden teorioita ja metodologioita vaivaavan puut- teen. Tutkimuksessa mediaspesifinen analyysi osoittautuu tulokselliseksi menetelmäksi hypertekstikirjallisuuden analysoimisessa, mutta samalla tutkimus osoittaa myös sen, että kyseinen menetelmä on parhaiten sovellettavissa yhteydessä johonkin kirjallisuuden teoriaperinteeseen, kuten jälkistrukturalismiin, postmodernismiin, postkolonialismiin, homo-, lesbo ja queer-teoriaan. Lechienin tekstiä Une histoire de science fiction koskevassa analyysissa tutkimus keskittyy intertekstuaalisiin aspekteihin ja kulttuurienvälisyyteen. Toiseksi tutkimus pyrkii, edellä mainittujen näkökulmien kautta, osoittamaan, miten Lechienin teksti paljastaa sosiaalisen oikeudenmukaisuuden periaatteen väärinkäytöksiä ja esittää siten uudenlaista kritiikkiä kapitalismia kohtaan. Yhteys, jonka tutkimus löytää surrealistisen liikkeen ja hypertekstuaalisuuden välil- tä, sisältää historian, tekstuaalisuuden, ideologian, kognition ja epälineaarisuuden taso- ja; tämän laajan yhteyden osoittaminen on tutkimuksen keskeisiä tuloksia. Kulttuurinen lukutaito, joka saa innoituksensa hypersurrealismin hybridisestä diskurssista, voi itsekin ottaa osaa kulttuuriin ja käyttää hybridiyttään eduksi vastustaakseen sosiaalista epäoikeu- denmukaisuutta. Tämän tutkimuksen jatkokysymykset eivät ulotukaan enää yksinomaan kulttuuriseen ja tekstuaaliseen hybriditeettiin vaan myös sukupuolirooleihin ja seksuaali- vähemmistöihin. Acknowledgements I would like to thank my main supervisor, Professor Erkki Sevänen, for his continuous, constructive and always amicable support during the course of this research. It would have been an impossible mission without his encouragement and patience, for which I am truly grateful. Special thanks are also owed to my second and third supervisors, Dr. Mika Hallila and Professor Natalia Baschmakoff. Their invaluable advice has been more than ap- preciated, like that by Professor Risto Turunen, also. I am very grateful for the constructive feedback offered by my opponents, Professor Rien T. Segers (University of Groningen), and Professor Guido Rings (Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge & Chelmsford), which gave me the essential energy needed to finish this thesis. Many thanks go to my colleagues (and friends) Katie Porrer and Professor Greg Watson for proofreading this thesis, and to Dr. Mika Hallila, again, for translating the English abstract into Finnish. My greatest thanks go to my German-Spanish family, who have always supported and encouraged me with their love and laughter. Special thanks go to my mother Patricia Simon (Danke Ma, für all unsere Gespräche – lustiger, literarischer und erquickender Natur!), and my late grandfather Harald Simon, who both always strengthened my back, wherever I was moving to again, be it from Germany to Spain, or from Spain to Germany, from Germany to France, from France to Finland, from Finland to the UK, or from the UK to Finland … (not to mention the countless relocations within each country). For this reason, I would like to dedicate my research to my late grandfather Harald Simon who passed away in 2006. Last, but not least, my most loving thanks go to my husband Javier López González who has been always there for me, regardless of all the many miles of geographical separation. ¡Te quiero, mi vida! ¡Hasta la luna y vuelta! v Contents Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... v List of Figures ............................................................................................................................ viii 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1 2. On terminology and content ................................................................................................. 9 2.1. Main terms and methods .............................................................................................. 9 2.1.1. Literature versus fiction ...................................................................................... 9 2.1.2. Intertextuality and media-specific analysis ...................................................... 10 2.2. Reasons for a media-specific analysis ......................................................................... 13 2.3. A short summary of Une histoire de science fiction ...................................................... 16 2.4. Editorial information ..................................................................................................... 17 3. On text, work and the techno-cultural myth ..................................................................... 21 3.1. Une histoire de science fiction: text or work? ............................................................ 21 3.1.1. Aspects of hermeneutics and reader-response criticism in the discourse on text and work ......................................................................... 21 3.1.2. Cultural conditions of poetic qualities .............................................................. 28 3.1.3. Structural aspects of textual openness .............................................................. 31 3.1.4. Intertextual deconstruction ...............................................................................
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