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Gills Dictionary of the Chinook Jargon

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Gills Dictionary of the Chinook Jargon ’ Gill s DICTIONARY of the Chin ook Jar gon With Exanmles of USE IN CONVERSATION And Notes Upon TRIBES and TONGUES FIFTEENTH EDITION Com iled b JOHN GIL] p y : Portland. O regon Published by The J . K. Gill Com pany 1909 PREF ACE The first attem pt at publication of a vocabulary of the ’ ’ trappers and traders Indian Jargon in use am ong the coast in erior ri es of the Northwest was m a ohn an d t t b , de by J ewett a sailor who was ca ture rom the En lish shi J , p d f g p B oston which was sur rised b the Indians at Nootka Sound. , p y her captain and crew m urdered— the sailor who issued his “ ” r h l ti in in a dventu es under t e tit e The Cap ve Nootka, be g the only survivor. had m n of writin whi e amon h Jewett no ea s g l g t e Indians. an d the hundred words he records were written from m em r hi esc ory, presum ably, som e yea s after s ape, which occurred n 1 80 th e ein rinte in i 6, e book referr d to b g p d Middletown, Conn . , The British explorers Cook, Meares and Vancouver record a few words spoken by savages encountered during their voyages in the waters of the Oregon coast. These words w ere either Chinook or Nootka. These early records prove that the sam e words, or deriv a tives now incorporated in the Chinook Jargon, retain their old significance. ’ m stl f r rs S everal little books, o y o trade use, have been r p rinted in this Jargon. Som e we e intended for the special u se of missions and missionaries ; som e as interesting addi tion s to philology. Am ong the m en who have written the vocabularies and best treatises on the Jargon may be nam ed : s D r. Frans Boas, Alexander Ros , Rev. Sam uel Parker, Doc T lmie Dawson Rev. H . Frost Geor e Gi s Tate t or o , , J , g bb , , ood Winthro Swan Hale and Rev. Dr. Eells. The latter G , p, , h ns which w r t ran slated into Chinook a num ber of ym , e e 1 88 and are still extant. A com published in Portland, 9 , am es plete Bibliography of the Chinook was prepared by Mr. J llin 1 88 an d u lishe b the Bureau of Ethnolo , C. Pi g ( 9 ) p b d y gy S mithsonian Institution. Our firm purchased the copyright of the Chinook Dic rm ick who u lishe several edi tionary from S. J. Mcco , p b d ' McCormick s rst e it on tions in Portland previous to r880 . fi d i hortl a ter our urchase a new editi on appeared in r85a. S y f p necessar and we then attem ted to reduce the con was y, p honetic and dieting and various spelling of m any words to a p h un of sim ple form ; also in that edition first indicating t e so d C CHINOOK DICTIONA e n f l l A the vow ls a d accent o syl ab es. t t W. C. Chattin , who for tw enty years ha. am fier t ri es of he Nor es ong di en t b t thw t, tage of his experience in the use of Chi) «liens. By his authority also a considerai in use am ong our in land tribes was adde This first edition bearing our im print was and printed by George H. Him es. Of the ancient language of the Chinoo dred words are given in the present dictic being words from other coast lan guages W ther ultram ontan Klickitat, asco and o e It is a remarkable fact that the India l so small a territory, an d com pel ed to war and carry on such intercourse as required, spoke languages as difi erent as n is from English. These languages wer i lv I ous as the tr bes them se es. n the atri the m outh of the Willam ette to the ocez languages were spoken, the Calapooia Multnom ah and other tribes using am o their own tribal language; but in voyages in hunting parties in the m ountains. the happened to m eet the Clatsop— one fron Colum bia and the other from Central 0 : perfectly understood in this aecomm oda was in use from the Cascade Mountain the a trading language, and widely along As an example of the amaz ing difi a h n the ex among neig boring tribes, ote words from the Chehalis who lived on S t i lapa) Bay, and the Chinook who oec shore from Cape Disappointm ent to G n Tongue Point. The Chehalis words a Rev. H. Frost who with Rev. aniel J . , D M. E. Clatsop mission near Morrison sta CMan i Niles Yahka Mesika Yakao Opitsah Etshum Oqukuckull Seahwust . Etispolettte Kuitan CHI NOOK DICTI ONAR Y. 5 I t is alm ost inc onceivable that the num erals of these h n i h n e ig bori g tr bes had no relation w atever to each other, d i ff ering m ore widely than French from Siam ese. A lthough we are apt to think the Indians possessed a very e a re voca ul r w h i h m g b a y, e are m uc m staken. S wan says t e li C h e ha s had a n am e for every plant and tree and flower, tha h hi a n d t t e c ldren knew all by nam e. With th in f i n h e com g o the wh te m a , m aking known to t e h I n di an t e weapons, the luxuries and the vices of civiliz a t i on , cam e the need of extending the Chinook to cover new “ ” “ ” i i ns l ar in r r h c on d t o . He cou d not say c b e o fi e so t e “ ” “ ” s ecam a i i Th n w or d b e c l peen and p ah. e Canadia s called “ ” t h e hand la main and the Indian cam e at last to use , n e a r ly the sam e sound . Thus English and French words w er e grafted upon the Chinook Jargon. Philologists argue interestingly over the Jargon . One s i de m aintains there was no such inter - tribal m edium of c o m m unication before the establishm ent of Astoria ; the other fi n ds reason to conten d that, in a rudim entary form at l w hi r e ast, it as in use as stated above. S om e proofs of t s a e E v id ent in the Jargon itself ; som e in the rec ords of those “ fi r st describing its use; and I ndians who were skookum en when Lewis an d Clark cam e to Clatsop have left testi ony to the sam e effect. 3] The present (fifteenth) edition has been carefully revised. ck few words printed in earlier editions have been om itted h Qe cause t ey were either obsolete or of doubtful authenticity. The source of all words so far as known is in dicated. Many ords of approved usage in the days of the early traders are se re re rinte and som e wor s of eculiar interest rom 0 p d , d p f h e lan ua e of the Chinooks never a art of the ar on “ g g , p J g , mir e printed for the sake of preserving them and otfering x m l of h ri inal on ue. om a hav itg a p es t e o g t g S e dditions e also een m a e to the conversational exam les. os d p ht ne d in f i hi k d The bo an s ew o the Jargon s C noo , an it is s urprisin g that Nootka words are so few, though they are m portant ; for the fur trade was centered at Nootka S oun d for n a e or h olum ia w i v re m a y ye rs b f e t e C b as d sco e d, and a nedium of com m unication m ust have existed between traders and Indians. ewett the sailor m entione in the re ace who wrote J , d P f , a ul r of n arl hun r w r s f vocab a y e y a d ed o d , speaks o m any r s tin and tra in with h a n ian s an t ibes vi i g d g t e Nootk I d , d “ ” among these visiting traders were Keltsup people, whom I have l wet sa s the cam e believe to been C atsops. Je t y y 8 CHINOOK DICTIONAR Y. from 30 0 m iles south, which would include the Columbia ri An o her e ken t bes. t trib spo of by Jev ett resem bles in nam e the Claxtars, who lived along the Clatskanie and southward.
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