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International Journal of Religious Freedom, Vol 4, Issue 2 international journal for religious freedom Vol 4 Issue 2 2011 ISSN 2070-5484 Religion and international journal for religious freedom Civil Society International Journal for Religious Freedom (IJRF) Journal of the International Institute for Religious Freedom The IJRF is published twice a year and aims to provide a platform for scholarly discourse on religious free- dom in general and the persecution of Christians in particular. It is an interdisciplinary, international, peer reviewed journal, serving the dissemination of new research on religious freedom and contains research articles, documentation, book reviews, academic news and other relevant items. The editors welcome the submission of any contribution to the journal. Manuscripts submitted for publication are assessed by a panel of referees and the decision to publish is dependent on their reports. The IJRF is listed on the DoHET “Approved list of South African journals” and subscribes to the National Code of Best Practice in Editorial Discretion and Peer Review for South African Scholarly Journals. The IJRF is freely available online: www.iirf.eu, as a paid print subscription, and via SABINET. Editorial Committee Editors Prof Dr Christof Sauer, Cape Town, South Africa [email protected] Prof Dr Thomas Schirrmacher, Bonn, Germany Managing Editor Prof Stephen K Baskerville, PhD, Washington DC, USA [email protected] Editorial Assistant Megan Conlon (Intern from Patrick Henry College) Book Reviews Dr Byeong Jun, Cape Town, South Africa [email protected] Noteworthy George Bransby-Windholz, Cape Town, South Africa [email protected] Editorial Board Prof Dr J Epp Buckingham, Ottawa, Canada Prof Dr Dr J W Montgomery, Straßbourg, France Prof Dr P Coertzen, Stellenbosch, South Africa Rev P Netha, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe Prof Dr R Velosso Ewell, Londrina, Brazil Prof Dr A Ojacor, Kampala, Uganda Prof S A de Freitas, Bloemfontein, South Africa Prof Dr B J G Reitsma, Amsterdam, Netherlands Prof Dr L Fernandez, Cape Town, South Africa Prof Dr R Rothfuss, Tübingen, Germany Prof Dr K Gnanakan, Shillong/Bangalore, India Prof Dr C Schirrmacher, Bonn, Germany Dr B Intan, Jakarta, Indonesia Prof Dr D L Stults, Oklahoma, USA Prof Dr T K Johnson, Prague, Czech Republic Prof Dr J P J Theron, Pretoria, South Africa Drs B Konutgan, Istanbul, Turkey NN, Nigeria Dr P Marshall, Washington DC, USA Subscriptions 2012 Annual subscription fee for 2 issues: Bank details SA Rand 240 (approx. €25/US$35) Beneficiary: International Institute for Religious Freedom, VAT and postage included. Cape Town · Bank: Standard Bank · Branch: Sea Point See subscription form in the back. Branch Code: 02 41 09 · Account Number: 071 117 431 For international payments use: SWIFT Code: SBZAZAJJ http://iirfct.givengain.org IJRF · P.O. Box 535 · Edgemead 7407 · Rep South Africa (pay in Rand!) Tel +27-21 588 7744 · Fax +27-86 551 6432 · [email protected] International Institute for Religious Freedom (IIRF) of the World Evangelical Alliance Friedrichstr. 38 PO Box 535 32, Ebenezer Place 2nd Floor Edgemead 7407 Dehiwela 53111 Bonn Cape Town (Colombo) Germany South Africa Sri Lanka www.iirf.eu [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] International Journal for Religious Freedom Volume 4, Issue 2, 2011 ISSN 2070-5484 Articles and opinions published in IJRF do not necessarily reflect the views of the editors, of IIRF or of the sponsors. © Copyright 2011 is with the individual authors or bodies mentioned in the respective items. Printed with permission. Acknowledgement of Sponsors We would like to thank the sponsors who supported the editing, printing and distribution of this issue of IJRF. Their views and opinions are not necessarily those of IIRF and vice versa. · Gebende Hände (Giving Hands) www.gebende-haende.de · Evangelical Lutheran Church in Württemberg, Germany www.elk-wue.de/landeskirche/international-information-en/ · HSLDA - advocates for homeschooling www.hslda.org Subscribe to get IJRF via email (time delayed – 1 March; 1 September) ¾ To receive new issues of IJRF electronically on release, send an email to: [email protected] ¾ To receive an email notice about a new issue of IJRF available online, send an email to: [email protected] Note to librarians: IJRF is also available as an ePublication from Sabinet (www.sabinet.co.za). The first full volume of IJRF appeared in 2009. There was only one pilot issue in 2008. Graphic Design and Layout: African Renewal, Ben Nimmo – www.renewal.org.za Cover art: The illustration on the cover is taken from “The Good Shepherd”, enacted by the Mafa people, a north Camerounian ethnic group, and painted by an anonymous French artist. The scene of the Good Shepherd fits our current theme of civil society. Jesus tells us that He is the good shepherd who sacrifices Himself for his sheep, even to the point of laying down his life for theirs (John, chapter 10). He also warns us to beware of imposters, who are no more than “thieves and robbers”. In the church of believers – but also by extension in other groups and associations throughout a healthy civil society – we aim to follow Jesus’ example of mutual love and selfless sacrifice for one another. Indeed, it is all too apparent today that some believers must make the ultimate sacrifice for their faith. Here too, however, there may be imposters. Does every group that promises to promote “civil society” in fact do so? This is part of a coherent set of pictures illustrating 62 New Testament scenes. Reproduction with kind permission by the association Vie de Jesus Mafa (Life of Jesus Mafa). All rights reserved. Vie de Jésus MAFA, 24 rue du Maréchal Joffre, 78000 Versailles, France, www.jesusmafa.com. Contents International Journal for Religious Freedom Volume 4, Issue 2, 2011 ISSN 2070–5484 Editorial ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 5 In my Opinion The key to securing religious freedom in post-Arab Spring nations Fernando Perez �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 7 A response to the high counts of Christian martyrs per year Thomas Schirrmacher ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 9 Research in Progress Contents and limits of assistance and self-help for persecuted Christians Daniel Röthlisberger ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 15 Articles The internal crisis of religious freedom Rik Torfs ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 17 Religion and the development of civil society Silvio Ferrari ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������29 Laurent Gbagbo and the evangelical church in Côte d’Ivoire: Ambiguous political affinities Bony Guiblehon ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 37 Religious freedom in education Michael P Donnelly ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 61 Governing the faithful: A discussion of religious freedom and liberal democracies with particular focus on the United Kingdom Nicholas Kerton-Johnson ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 77 The sexual agenda and religious freedom Stephen Baskerville ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 91 Sabbath observance, law and religious freedom Mxolisi Michael Sokupa ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 107 God’s mission through suffering and martyrdom: A Korean perspective Roy Stults and Paul (Young Kee) Lee ������������������������������������������������������������� 119 4 IJRF Vol 4:2 2011 Documentation International standards for constitutional religious freedom protections .........129 Study Consultation on Freedom of Religion and Rights of Religious Minorities .....................................................................................132 International Conference on Freedom of Faith: the Problem of Discrimination and Persecution against Christians .......................................136 Noteworthy ....................................................................................................139 Book Reviews ................................................................................................145 Books received / ordered .................................................................128, 144, 152 Introducing the International Institute for Religious Freedom .........................153 Guidelines for authors .....................................................................................155 Subscriptions ...................................................................................................159 Prof� Christof Sauer, Dr Geoff Tunnicliffe (WEA CEO/Secretary General) and Prof� Stephen Baskerville (Patrick Henry College) presenting IJRF in Washington, D�C� Contact us if you want to sponsor an issue of IJRF. [email protected] Editorial Religion and civil society “Civil society” is a concept that dates back to the late eighteenth century, as Silvio Ferrari points out in these pages, and it entered the vocabulary of political philoso- phy largely through Hegel and Marx. But it became newly fashionable following the collapse of communism in Central and Eastern Europe. It emphasizes the
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